CN1119313C - 通过2-(ω-芳酰基烷基)-4-二芳基-4-氧代丁酸抑制基质金属蛋白酶 - Google Patents
通过2-(ω-芳酰基烷基)-4-二芳基-4-氧代丁酸抑制基质金属蛋白酶 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1119313C CN1119313C CN97196453A CN97196453A CN1119313C CN 1119313 C CN1119313 C CN 1119313C CN 97196453 A CN97196453 A CN 97196453A CN 97196453 A CN97196453 A CN 97196453A CN 1119313 C CN1119313 C CN 1119313C
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Abstract
本发明提供了药物组合物和治疗某些疾病的方法,该方法包括给予一定量的有效抑制至少一种基质金属蛋白酶的本发明化合物或组合物,以达到所希望的效果。本发明的化合物具有通式(1),其中v是1,2,3或4,Ar表示取代的芳香部分。这些化合物用于抑制基质金属蛋白酶并因此消除MMP′s导致的疾病,如骨关节炎,类风湿性关节炎,脓毒性关节炎,牙周疾病,角膜溃疡,蛋白尿,动脉瘤的主动脉疾病,营养不良表皮松解疱,导致炎症反应的病症,由MMP活性介导的骨质减少,颞下颌骨关节疾病,或神经系统的脱髓鞘疾病;创伤型关节损伤引起的肿瘤转移或变性的软骨损失;由动脉粥样硬化斑破裂引起的冠状动脉血栓形成。本发明也提供了治疗这些疾病的药用组合物和方法。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及酶抑制剂,更具体地,涉及用于抑制基质金属蛋白酶的2-(ω-芳酰基烷基)-4-二芳基-4-氧代丁酸化合物。
相关技术
基质金属蛋白酶(也称为基质金属内切蛋白酶或MMP)是一类锌内切蛋白酶,包括,但不限于,间质胶原酶(也称为MMP-1),溶基质素(也称为粘蛋白酶,transin,或MMP-3),明胶酶A(也称为72kDa-明胶酶或MMP-2)和明胶酶B(也称为95kDa-明胶酶或MMP-9)。这些MMP由多种细胞包括成纤维细胞和软骨细胞分泌,与称为TIMP(金属蛋白酶的组织抑制剂)的天然蛋白酶抑制剂一起。
所有这些MMP都可以破坏关节软骨或基膜的多种连接性组织成分。各个MMP以非活性酶原被分泌,该酶原在其能够显示其蛋白水解活性之前,必须在后续步骤中裂解。除了基质破坏作用之外,这些MMP的某一些如MMP-3已经含有作为其它MMP如MMP-1和MMP-9的体内活化剂的意义(Ito,A.;Nagase,H.Arch.Biochem.Biophys.
267,211-6(1988);Ogata,Y.;Enghild,J.J.;Nagase,H.,生物化学杂志,
267,3581-4(1992))。因此,一系列蛋白水解活性可以由过量的MMP-3引发。这意味着特定的MMP-3抑制剂将限制那些不直接由这类抑制剂抑制的其它MMP的活性。
也已经报道,MMP-3可以裂解并因此使其它蛋白酶如弹性蛋白酶的内源性抑制剂失活(Winyard,P.G.;Zhang,Z.;Chidwich,K.;Blake,D.R.;Carrell,R.W.;Murphy,G.FEBS Lett.279,91-4(1991))。因此,MMP-3抑制剂可以通过改变其内源性抑制剂水平而影响其它破坏性蛋白酶的活性。
许多疾病都被认为是由过量或不恰当的基质-破坏性金属蛋白酶活性,或由MMP与TIMP的比例不平衡介导的。这些疾病包括:a)骨关节炎(Woessner,J.F.,Jr.;Selzer,M.G.,生物化学杂志,259,3633-8(1984)和Phadke,K.J.Rheumatol.10,852-60(1983)),b)类风湿性关节炎(Mullins,D.E.;Rohrlich,S.T.Biochim.biophys.Acta 695,117-214(1983),Woolley,D.E.;Crossley,M.J.;Evanson,M.J.ArthritisRheum.20,1231-9(1977),和Gravallese,E.M.;Darling,J.M.;Ladd,A.L.;Katz,J.N.;Glimcher,L.H.Arthritis Rheum.34,1076-84(1991),c)脓毒性关节炎(Williams,R.J.,III;Smith,R.L.;Schurman,D.J.Arthritis Rheum.33,533-41(1990)),d)肿瘤转移(Reich,R.;Thompson,E.W.;Iwamoto,Y.;Martin,G.R.;Deason,J.R;Fuller,G.C.;Miskin,R.Cancer Res.48,3307-12(1988)和Matrisian,L.M.;et al Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A..83,9413-7(1986)),e)牙周疾病(Overall,C.M.等,Peridontal Res.22,81-8(1987)),f)角膜溃疡(Burns,F.R.等,Invest.Ophthalmol.Vis.Sci.30,1569-75(1989)),g)蛋白尿(Baricos,W. H.等,Biochem.J.254,609-12(1988)),h)动脉粥样硬化斑破裂引起的冠状血栓形成(Davies,M.J.等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.88,8154-8(1991)),i)动脉瘤主动脉疾病(Vine,N.等,Clin.Sci.81,233-9(1991)),j)生育控制(Woessner,J.F.,Jr.等,Steroids54,491-9(1989)),k)营养不良表皮松解大疱(Kronberger,A.等,J.Invest.Dermatol.79,208-11(1982)),和l)外伤型关节损伤引起的变性性软骨损失,引起发炎反应的病症,由MMP活性介导的骨质减少,颞下颌关节疾病,神经系统的脱髓鞘疾病,等等(Chantry,A.等,J.Neurochem.50,688-94(1988))。
在关节疾病的情况下,新治疗的需要尤其重要。骨关节炎(OA),类风湿性关节炎(AR)和脓毒性关节炎的主要伤残作用是关节软骨和其附近正常关节功能的进行性损失。没有市面上的药物能够预防或减缓这一软骨损失,虽然非甾类消炎药(NSAID)能控制疼痛和肿胀。这些疾病的最终结果是关节功能的彻底丧失,这只能由关节置换手术治疗。MMP抑制剂被预期能停止或逆转软骨损失的过程避免或延缓外科干扰。
蛋白酶在转移的癌症的过程中在几个阶段是关键元素。在此方法中,结构蛋白质在基膜中的蛋白水解降解引起在第一位点的肿瘤的扩散,从该位点离开并返回,并在远离的第二位点发病。而且,肿瘤诱导的血管生成对于肿瘤生长是需要的,并依赖于蛋白水解组织改造。各种类型的蛋白酶的转染实验已经显示,基质金属蛋白酶,尤其是,明胶酶A和B(分别为MMP-2和MMP-9)在这些过程中扮演重要的角色。这些领域的概况参见Mullins,D.E等,Biochim.Biophys.Acta 695,177,1983;,Ray,J.M.等,Eur.Respir.J.7,2062,1994;Birkedal-Hansen,H等,Crit.Rev.Oral.Biol.Med.4,197,1993。
而且,可以显示,由天然基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂TIMP-2(一种蛋白质)的胞外基质的降解抑制阻止癌症生长(De Clerck,Y.A等,癌症研究,52,701-8(1991)),并且,TIMP-2在实验系统中抑制肿瘤-诱导的血管生成(Moses,M.A等,科学,248,1408-10(1990))。综述参见De Clerck,Y等,Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci.732,222,1994。也已证明,当腹膜内给药时,合成的基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂batimastat抑制人结肠肿瘤生长,并在裸鼠体内在正位模型中传布(Wang,等,癌症研究,54,4726,1994)并延长带有人卵巢癌外移植物大鼠的存活(Davies,B等,癌症研究,53,2087,1993)。这些和相关化合物的应用已经在WO-A-9321942A2(931111)中描述。
有几份专利和专利申请要求保护用于阻滞转移的癌症,促进肿瘤退化,抑制癌细胞增生,延缓或预防与骨关节炎相关的软骨损失,或用于治疗上面指出的其它疾病的金属蛋白酶抑制剂(例如Levy,et al.,WO-A-9519965A1;Beckett,et al.,WO-A-9519956A1;Beckett,et al.,WO-A-9519957A1;Beckett,et al.,WO-A-9519961A1;Brown,et al.,WO-A-9321942A2;Crimmin,et al.,WO-A-9421625A1;Dickens,et al.,USP-4599361;Hughs,et al.,USP-5190937;Broadhurst,et al.,EP-0574758A1;Broadhurst,et al.,EP-026436;和Myers et al.,EP-0520573A1)。这些专利的优选的化合物具有肽骨架,在一端带有锌配位基(异羟肟酸,硫醇,羧酸或次膦酸)和许多侧链,以及在天然氨基酸发现的和更新的官能团。这类小肽常常不易吸收,显示低的口服生物利用率。它们也进行快速蛋白水解代谢,具有很短的半寿期。作为例子,batimastat,在Brown,et al.,WO-A-9321942A2中描述的化合物,只能腹膜内给药。
某些3-联苯酰基丙酸和4-联芳基酰基丁酸在文献中被描述为消炎,抗血小板凝聚,抗炎,抗增生,低脂血,抗风湿,止痛,和血胆固醇过少的药剂。这些例子没有一个是如要求的治疗效果的机理那样产生MMP抑制的。某些相关化合物也在制备液晶时用作中间体。
Child,et al.,J.Pharm.Sci.66,466,1977描述了几种联苯丁酮酸类似物的构效关系。这些包括几种这样的化合物,其中联苯环体系被取代,或丙酸部分被苯基,卤素,羟基或甲基取代,或羧酸或羰基官能团被转化为各种衍生物。没有描述含有4′-取代的联苯基和取代的丙酸部分结合在一个分子中的化合物。如下所示的苯基(化合物XLIX和LXXVII)和甲基(化合物
Kameo,et al.,Chem.Pharm.Bull.,36,2050,1988和Tomizawa,et al.,JP-62132825A2描述了某些取代的3-联苯酰基丙酸衍生物和其包括如下的类似物。描述了各种在丙酸部分带有其他取代基的化合物,但它们不含有联苯基残基。其中X=H,4′-Br,4′-Cl,4′-CH3,或2′-Br。
Cousse,et al.,Eur.J.Med.Chem.,22,45,1987描述了如下甲基和亚甲基取代的3-联苯酰基-丙酸和-丙烯酸。也描述了其中羰基被CH2OH或CH2代替的相应化合物。其中X=H,Cl,Br,CH3O,F,或NH2。
Nichl,et al.,德国专利1957750也描述了某些上述亚甲基取代的联苯甲酰基丙酸。
EI-Hashash,et al.,Revue Roum.Chim.23,1581,1978描述了从β-芳酰基-丙烯酸环氧化物衍生的产物,包括下列联苯基化合物。没有描述在联苯基部分被取代的化合物。
Kitamura,et al.,JP-60209539描述了某些包括如下用于生产液晶的中间体。在这些中间体中,联苯基不被取代。其中R1是1-10个碳原子的烷基。
Thyes,et al.,德国专利2854475用如下化合物作中间体。联苯基未被取代。Sammour,et al.,Egypt J.Chem.15,311,1972和Couquelet,et al.,Bull.Soc.Chim.Fr.9,3196,1971描述了某些包括如下的二烷基氨基取代的联苯酰基丙酸。在所有的情况下,联苯基都没有被取代。其中R1,R2=烷基,苄基,H,或与氮原子一起,吗啉基。
其他已经公开了一系列的含联苯基的羧酸,其例子示于如下,它们抑制神经内肽酶(NEP24.11),一种膜结合的锌金属蛋白酶(Stanton,et al.,Bioor.Med.Chem.Lett.4,539,1994;Lombaert,et al.,Bioor.Med.Chem.Lett.4,2715,1994;Lombaert,et al.,Bioor.Med.Chem.Lett.5,145,1995;Lombaert,et al.,Bioor. Med.Chem.Lett.5,151,1995)。
已经报道,由如下所示的化合物举例说明的含有联苯基乙基甘氨酸的N-羧基烷基衍生物是溶基质素-1(MMP-3),72kDa明胶酶(MMP-2)和胶原蛋
相对于现有技术以肽为基础的化合物具有改进的生物利用率和生物学稳定性,并可以最佳地用于抗特定的靶MMP的有效的MMP抑制剂将是需要的。这类化合物是本申请的主题。
有效的MMP抑制剂的开发将提供对于由于MMP活性存在,或过量的MMP活性介导的疾病,包括骨关节炎,类风湿性关节炎,脓毒性关节炎,肿瘤转移,牙周疾病,角膜溃疡,蛋白尿的治疗方法。几种MMP抑制剂已经在文献中描述,包括硫醇(beszant,et al.,J.Med.Chem.36,4030,1993),异羟肟酸(Wahl,et al.,Bioor.Med.Chem.Lett.5,349,1995;Conway,et al.,J.Exp.Med.182,449,1995;Porter,et al.,Bioor.Med.Chem.Lett.4,2741,1994;Tomczuk,et al.,Bioor.Med.Chem.Lett.5,343,1995;Castelhano,etal.,Bioor.Med.Chem.Lett.5,1415,1995),含磷酸(Bird,et al.,J.Med.Chem.37,158,1994;Morphy,et al.,Bioor.Med.Chem.Lett.4,2747,1994;Kortylewicz,et al.,J.Med.Chem.33,263,1990)和羧酸(Chapman,et al.,J.Med.Chem.36,4293;Brown,etal.,J.Med.Chem.37,674,1994;Morphy,etal.,Bioor.Med.Chem.Lett.4,2747,1994;Stack,etal.,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.287,240,1991;Ye.et al.,J.Med.Chem.37,206,1994;Grobelny,et al.Biochemistry 24,6145,1985;Mookhtiar,etal.,Biochemistry 27,4299,1988)。然而,这些抑制剂一般都含有肽骨架,由于其低吸收而显示低的口服生物活性,和由于快速蛋白水解显示短半衰期。因此,需要改进的MMP抑制剂。
发明提要
本发明提供具有基质金属蛋白酶抑制活性的化合物。这些化合物可用于抑制基质金属蛋白酶,因此,抗由MMP引起的疾病。所以,本发明也提供药物组合物和治疗这些病症的方法。
所述化合物涉及治疗哺乳动物的方法,包括对哺乳动物给予基质金属蛋白酶抑制量的本发明的化合物,其足以:(a)减轻骨关节炎,类风湿性关节炎,脓毒性关节炎,牙周疾病,角膜溃疡,蛋白尿,动脉瘤的主动脉疾病,营养不良表皮松解疱,导致炎症反应的病症,由MMP活性介导的骨质减少,颞下颌骨关节疾病,或神经系统的脱髓鞘疾病;
(b)创伤型关节损伤引起的肿瘤转移的阻滞或变性的软骨损失;
(c)降低由动脉粥样硬化斑破裂引起的冠状动脉血栓形成;或
d)用于生育控制。
本发明化合物也用作在体外和体内体系中研究基质金属蛋白酶功能和机理的科研工具。由于其MMP-抑制活性,本发明化合物用于调节MMP作用,从而使研究者能够观察研究中实验生物体系内降低的MMP活性的作用。
本发明涉及具有基质金属蛋白酶抑制活性和如下通式的化合物:
(T)xA-B-D-E-G (L)
在上述通式(L)中,(T)xA表示取代或未取代的芳香6-员环或含有1-2个N,O,或S原子的杂芳香5-6员环。T表示一个或多个取代基,下标x表示这类取代基的数量,A表示芳香或杂芳香环,指定为A环或A单元。当N被用于与A环中的S或O结合时,这些杂原子被至少一个碳原子分开。
取代基T独立地选自卤素;烷基;卤代烷基;烯基;炔基;-(CH2)pQ(其中p是0或1-4的整数)和-烯基-Q(其中烯基部分包含2-4个碳原子)。在后两个基团中Q选自芳基,杂芳基,-CN,-CHO,-NO2,-CO2R2,-OCOR2,-SOR3,-SO2R3,-CON(R2)2,-SO2N(R2)2,-COR2,-N(R2)2,-N(R2)2COR2,N(R2)2CO2R3,-NR2CON(R2)2,-CHN4,-OR4,-SR4组成的组,其中R2代表H,烷基,芳基,杂芳基,芳烷基,或杂芳基-烷基组成的组,R3表示烷基,芳基,杂芳基,芳烷基,或杂芳基-烷基;而R4表示H,烷基,芳基,芳烷基,杂芳基-烷基,烯基,炔基,卤代烷基,酰基,或亚烷氧基或由H,烷基,或苯基封端的聚亚烷氧基。在与Q连接的部分中或是Q部分的不饱和部位与任何Q的N、O或S被至少一个碳原子分开。A环可以是未取代的,或带有至多2个取代基T。而且,下标x是0、1或2。
在通式(L)中,B表示芳香6-员环或含有1-2个N,O或S原子的杂芳香5-6员环。称为B环或B单元。当N用于在B环中与S或O联合时,这些杂原子被至少一个碳原子分开。
在通式(L)中,D表示在通式(L)中,E表示下式的部分其中r是0-2,t是0-4,z代表-S-,-S(O)-,-S(O2)-,-C(O)-,-N(R2)(CO)-,O(CO)-,或-O-,而R7是任选取代的氨基,酰胺,尿素,羧酸酯,以及单-,二-,或三-环芳基,其任选用选自N,O和S的杂原子取代。用于上述结构中的D和G表示通式(L)中的D和G单元,而不是E单元的部分;它们只是指明D,E和G基团是如何连接的。当r=0时,上述结构采取如下形式:在通式(L)中,G表示-PO3H2,-CN、-PO3H2、-M
其中M表示-CO2H,-CON(R11)2,或-CO2R12,R11表示H或1-4碳的烷基;R12表示1-4碳的烷基,R13表示19种非环状天然氨基酸的任何一种侧链。
其中v是1-4,w是0-3,y是0-2,z选自-S-,-S(O)-,-S(O2)-,-C(O)-,-N(R2)C(O)-,-OC(O)-或-O-,而各个R20是独立的H,烷基,烷氧基,芳基氧基,卤素,-COOR2,-CON(R2)2,SOR3,SO2R3或COR2,其中的R2和R3如上定义。当y=0时,所形成的结构是线型烷链;当y=1时,形成四员环(环丁基);而当y=2时,形成五员环(环戊基)。优选地,苯环和(R20)w共同(即R7)是下列之一:
本发明还涉及用于合成一些权利要求的抑制剂的某些中间体。这些中间体是具有下列通式的化合物:
其中μ代表V+1,即μ是1-5,而R21是如上定义的R2或者是烯丙基取代基,并优选是烯丙基取代基。
前面仅仅概述了本发明的某些方面,而不在任何意义上限制本发明。在本说明书中引用的所有专利和其他公开物都全文引作本文参考。
优选方案的说明
更具体地,本发明涉及具有基质金属蛋白酶抑制活性和如下通式的化合物:
(T)xA-B-D-E-G (L)
其中R1表示H或1-3碳烷基。A也可表示烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、烷氧基烷基、羟基炔基、杂芳基烷基、链烯基、炔基、卤代烷基、酰基、亚烷基氧基或聚亚烷基氧基,其每一个用H、Et、烯丙基、烷基或苯基封端。
在这些结构中,芳香环称为A环或A单元,各个T表示取代基,称为T基团或T单元。取代基T独立地选自卤素-F,-Cl,-Br,和-I;1-10碳的烷基;1-10碳的卤代烷基;2-10碳的烯基;2-10碳的炔基;-(CH2)pQ其中p是0或1-4的整数;和-烯基-Q其中烯基部分包含2-4个碳原子。在后两个基团中Q选自6-10碳的芳基,包含4-9碳和至少一个N,O,或S杂原子的杂芳基,-CN,-CHO,-NO2,-CO2R2,-OCOR2,-SOR3,-SO2R3,-CON(R2)2,-SO2N(R2)2,-COR2,-N(R2)2,-N(R2)2COR2,N(R2)2CO2R3,-N(R2)CON(R2)2,-CHN4,-OR4,和-SR4组成的基团。基团R2,R3,和R4如下定义。
R2表示H,1-6碳烷基;6-10碳的芳基,包含4-9碳和至少一个N,O,或S杂原子的杂芳基,其中芳基部分含有6-10个碳,而烷基部分含有1-4碳的芳烷基;或其中杂芳基部分包含4-9碳和至少一个N,O,或S杂原子,而烷基部分含有1-4碳的杂芳基-烷基。
R3表示1-4碳烷基;6-10碳芳基;其中芳基部分含有6-10个碳,而烷基部分含有1-4碳的芳烷基;或其中杂芳基部分包含4-9碳和至少一个N,O,或S杂原子,而烷基部分含有1-4碳的杂芳基-烷基。
R4表示H;1-12碳烷基;6-10碳的芳基;包含4-9碳和至少一个N,O,或S杂原子的杂芳基;其中芳基部分含有6-10个碳,而烷基部分含有1-4碳的芳烷基;或其中杂芳基部分包含4-9碳和至少一个N,O,或S杂原子,而烷基部分含有1-4碳的杂芳基-烷基;2-12碳烯基;2-12碳炔基;-(CqH2qO)rR5其中q是1-3,r是1-3,R5是H,条件是q大于1,或R5是1-4碳烷基,或苯基;其中s是2-3,X是卤素的-(CH2)sX;或-C(O)R2。
在与Q连接的部分中或是Q部分的不饱和部位与任何Q的N,O,或S被至少一个碳原子分开,取代基的数量,标为x,是0,1,或2。
取代基T也可以含有如下通式部分的乙炔:
R30(CH2)nC≡C-其中n是1-4,R30选自:OH-,MeO-,N(n-Pr)2-,CH3CO2-,CH3CO2OCO2-,HO2C-,CHO,Ph-,3-HO-Ph-和PhCHO-,条件是当R30是Ph或3-HO-Ph-时,n=0。
通式(L)的B环是取代或未取代的芳香或杂芳香环,其中任何取代基都是不使分子与靶酶的活性位点不配或破坏A和B环相对构型的,若那样的话将是有害的。这类基团可以是诸如低级烷基,低级烷氧基,CN,NO2,卤素,等等的部分,但不限于这类基团。B也可表示烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳基烷基、杂芳基-烷基、链烯基、炔基、卤代烷基、酰基、亚烷基氧基或聚亚烷基氧基。
在通式(L)中,B表示选自如下的芳香或杂芳香环:其中R1如上定义。这些环被称为B环或B单元。
其中r是0-2,t是1-4,Z是-S-,-S(O)-,-S(O)2-,-C(O)-,-N(R2)C(O)-,OC(O)-,或-O-而R7选自1-12个碳的烷基;6-10个碳的芳基;含有4-9个碳和至少一个N,O或S杂原子的杂芳基;其中的芳基部分含6-12个碳而烷基部分含1-4个碳的芳基烷基;其中的芳基部分含6-12个碳和至少一个N,O或S杂原子而烷基部分含1-4个碳的杂芳烷基。用于上述结构中的D和G表示通式(L)中的D和G单元,而不是E单元的部分;它们只是指明D,E和G基团是如何连接的。当r=0时,上述结构采取如下形式:
另外,任何T基团或R7的芳基或杂芳基部分可以非强制性地带有至多两个选自如下的取代基:-(CH2)y′C(R11)(R12)OH、-(CH2)y′OR11、-(CH2)y′SR11、-(CH2)y′SR11、-(CH2)y′S(O)R11、-(CH2)y′S(O)2R11、-(CH2)y′SO2N(R11)2-、-(CH2)y′N(R11)2、-(CH2)y′N(R11)COR12、-OC(R11)2O-,其中两个氧原子都连接在芳环上的,-(CH2)y′COR11,-(CH2)y′CON(R11)2,-(CH2)y′CO2R11,-(CH2)y′OCOR11,-卤素,-CHO,-CF3,-NO2,-CN和-R12,其中y′是0-4;R11表示H或1-4个碳原子的烷基;R12表示1-4碳烷基。
落入该通式(L)范围的该化合物的药用盐也在本发明的范围内。
取代基T优选地为卤素,或醚OR4,其中R4优选地为1-12个碳的烷基或其中的芳基是6-10个碳的而烷基部分含1-4个碳的芳烷基。最优选地,T是卤素,而当T是OR4,R4是1-6个碳的烷基,或苄基。
定义T取代基数量的下标x优选地是1或2,最优选地是1,该取代基在A环的4-位。
应该理解,本文所用的术语“烷基”指直链,支链,环状,和多环物。术语“卤代烷基”指部分或全卤代的烷基,例如-(CH2)2Cl,-CF3和-C6F13。
在这些方案之一中,本发明涉及其中至少一个单元A,B,T,和E包含杂芳香环的通式(L)化合物。优选的含芳香环的化合物是其中杂芳基是4-9碳,包括含有O,S,或NR1(当环是5-员时),和N(当所说的环是6-员时)的5-6员杂芳香环。特别优选的含杂芳香环的化合物是A和B单元至少之一包含噻吩环的化合物。当A单元是噻吩时,它优选地在位置2与B单元连接,并在位置5带有一个取代基T。当B单元是噻吩时,它优选地分别通过位置2和5与D和A单元连接。
在通式(L)中,A和B环优选地分别是苯基和亚苯基,A环优选地带有至少一个取代基T,优选地位于与A环和B环相连的位置最远处,D单元优选地是羰基,优选地在该E单元中,r是0,t是1-4,z是-CO-,而任选取代的R7基是任一:
G优选地为羧酸并连接到该E单元上的对D单元为β的碳原子上。
特别优选的实施方案包括那些具有基质金属蛋白酶抑制活性并有下列通式的化合物其中v是1-4,w是0-3,y是0-2,而各个R20是独立的1-5个碳的烷基,1-5个碳的烷氧基,芳基氧基,卤素,-COOR2,-CON(R2)2,SOR3,SO2R3或COR2,其中的R2和R3如上定义。优选地,苯环和(R20)w共同(即R7)是下列之一:
本发明还涉及用于合成一些权利要求的抑制剂的某些中间体。这些中间体是具有下列通式的化合物
其中μ代表1-5,而R21是R2或烯丙基取代基,优选是烯丙基取代基(指定所有的具有下列结构)。
最优选的本发明的化合物在下面给出并命名:
I)4′-氯-γ-氧代-α-(4-氧代-4-苯基丁基)-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸,
II)4′-氯-γ-氧代-α-(3-氧代-4-苯基丙基)-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸,
III)4′-氯-γ-氧代-α-(5-氧代-4-苯基戊基)-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸,
IV)4′-氯-γ-氧代-α-(6-氧代-4-苯基己基)-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸,
V)4′-氯-γ-氧代-α-(4-氧代-4-(2,4,6-三甲氧苯基)丁基]-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸,
VI)4′-氯-γ-氧代-α-(4-氧代-4-(2,4,6-三甲氧苯基)丁基]-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸,
VII)4′-氯-γ-氧代-α-(4-氧代-4-(4-苯氧苯基)丁基)-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸,
VIII)4-氯-α-[4-(4-甲基苯基)-4-氧代丁基]-γ-氧代-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸,
IX)α-[4-(4-溴代苯基)-4-氧代丁基]-4′-氯代-γ-氧代-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸,
X)4′-氯-α-[4-(4-甲氧苯基)-4-氧代丁基]-γ-氧代-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸,
XI)4′-氯-α-[4-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-4-氧代丁基]-γ-氧代-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸,
XII)4′-氯-α-[4-(2,4-二甲氧苯基)-4-氧代丁基]-γ-氧代-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸,
XIII)4′-氯-α-[4-[4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)苯基]-4-氧代丁基]-γ-氧代-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸,
XIV)4′-氯-α-[4-(4-乙基苯基)-4-氧代丁基]-γ-氧代-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸,
XV)4′-氯-α-[4-(4-(1-甲基乙基苯基)-4-氧代丁基)-γ-氧代-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸,
XVI)4′-氯-α-[4-(2-甲氧苯基)-4-氧代丁基]-γ-氧代-[1,1′-二苯基]-4-丁酸。
本专业熟练的技术人员将认识到,许多本发明化合物存在对映体或非对映体形式,而且在本领域知道,这类立体异构形式通常在生物体系中显示不同的活性。本发明包括对MMP具有抑制活性的所有可能的立体异构体,与其立体异构设计无关,以及其中至少一个具有抑制活性的立体异构体的混合物。
本发明的化合物可以通过用已知的化学反应和工艺制备。不过,下列一般制备方法用于帮助读者合成该抑制剂,在下面描述工作实施例的实验部分有更详细具体的实施例。
该化合物可如方案1所示制备。ω-取代的烷基芳基酮CI,其中X取代基代表离去基,和丙二酸酯CII在碱存在下得到相应的丙二酸酯,CIII。合适的离去基包括,但不限于,卤素,磷酸酯,和磺酸酯。合适的碱包括,但不限于,氢氧化物,醇盐,或氢化钠。用取代的溴代苯乙酮CIV在碱存在下处理取代的丙二酸酯CIII得到二取代的丙二酸酯,CV。脱去丙二酸酯,CV,的保护基即产生二酸CVI,虽然在某些情况下,脱保护与对羧酸的脱羧酸作用同时进行,CVII。若需要,通过在诸如甲苯或1,4-二噁烷的溶剂中加热实现脱羧酸化。
用于脱保护二酯CV的方法基于待除去的部分(R2)。如,通过用钯催化剂在合适的亲核试剂,如胺,丙二酸酯阴离子,或氢化物源的存在下处理实现二(烯丙基酯)CVIII的脱保护,如方案2所示。
方案2
许多取代的ω-取代的烷基芳基酮CI可市购,通常是溴化物或氯化物。可用任何方法,包括方案3的那些,合成该酮。用卤代酸(CX)进行取代的芳基CIX的Friedel-Crafts酰基化直接得到所需的酮CI。或者,卤代酸卤化物CX和N,O-二甲基羟基胺反应产生相应的酰胺,其在与芳基Grignard试剂或芳基锂,CXIII,反应产生酮CI。可用芳基亲核试剂CXII打开内酯形成羟基酮CXV。羟基酮CXV和卤化源如PX3或SOCl2反应得到酮CI。羟基酮CXV还可转化成相应的羧酸酯或磺酸酯。芳基酮的互变(CXVII和CI)可通过用合适的亲核试剂X2置换离去基(X′)而实现。最好,对于X′=Br,Cl,此步在Finkelstein条件下进行。
方案3
本发明化合物的合适的药用盐包括与有机或无机碱形成的加成盐。从这类碱衍生的成盐离子可以是金属离子,例如,铝,碱金属离子,如钠或钾,碱土金属离子如钙或镁,或胺盐离子,其中许多是已知用于此目的的。例子包括铵盐,芳基烷基胺如二苄基胺和N,N-二苄基乙二胺,低级烷基胺如甲基胺,叔丁基胺,普鲁卡因,低级烷基哌啶如N-乙基哌啶,环烷基胺如环己基胺或二环己基胺,1-金刚烷基胺,benzathine,或从氨基酸如精氨酸,赖氨酸等衍生的盐。生理上可接受的盐如钠盐或钾盐和氨基酸盐可以如下所述在医药上应用,并且是优选的。
这些和其它不需要生理上可接受的盐在分离或纯化在下述目的中可接受的产物时是有用的。例如,在通常被称为“经典拆分”的方法中,可购买的对映体纯的胺如(+)-辛可宁在合适的溶剂中可以产生本发明化合物的单个对映体盐晶体,在溶液中留下相反的对映体。因为一个给定的本发明化合物的对映体在生理作用上比其对映体大得多,所以此活性异构体可以以晶体或液相被纯化。该盐通过化合物的酸形式与等当量的,在介质中提供碱性离子的碱反应而生产,其中该盐沉淀或在含水介质中,然后冻干。游离的酸形式可以从盐提供普通中和技术,例如,用硫酸氢钾,盐酸等等获得。
本发明的化合物已经被发现抑制基质金属蛋白酶MMP-3,MMP-9,和MMP-2,并较小程度地抑制MMP-1,因此可以用于治疗或预防在背景部分列出的病症。由于没有在上面列出的其它MMP与上面列出的具有很高程度的同源性,尤其是在催化位点上,因此,可以认为本发明的化合物应该也在不同程度上抑制这类其它MMP。改变分子中联芳基部分上的取代基,以及所要求的化合物的丙酸或丁酸链的取代基,已经证明能影响所列出的MMP的相对抑制。因此,此一般类型的化合物可以通过选择特定的取代基而“调节”,从而使与特定病理状况有关的特定的MMP的抑制被加强,而使不包括的MMP少受影响。
治疗基质金属蛋白酶-介导的病症的方法可以在显示这类病症的哺乳动物,包括人身上实施。
本发明的抑制剂被期望用于兽医和人。因此,它们将被用于药物组合物中,该药物组合物含有活性成分加一种或多种药学上可接受的载体,稀释剂,填充剂,粘合剂和其它赋形剂,取决于给药方式和期望的剂量形式。
抑制剂的给药可以是本专业人员已知的任何合适的方式。合适的肠胃外给药的例子包括静脉内,关节内,皮下和肌内途径。静脉内给药可以被用于获得药物的峰血浆浓度的急性调节。改进的半衰期和药物对关节腔的靶向瞄准可以通过将药物捕集在脂质体内而加强。通过将配位体掺入结合在滑液特异性大分子上的脂质体的外围,可以改善脂质体向关节腔靶向瞄准的选择性。另外,在有或没有药物胶囊化的情况下,肌内,关节内或皮下贮存注射到可降解的微球,例如,包含聚(DL-丙交酯-co-乙交酯)的微球,可被用于获得药物缓释。对于剂量形式改善的便利,可以用i.p.植入的贮器和间隔如从Pharmacia得到的Percuseal系统。改善的便利和患者的依从也可以通过用注射笔(例如Novo Pin或Q-pen)或无针喷射注射器(例如从Bioject或BectonDickinson得到的)实现。延缓的零-阶或其它精确的控制释放如脉动释放也可以根据需要,用可植入的泵,将药物通过套管输送到滑液空间而实现。其例子包括皮下植入从ALZA得到的渗透泵,如ALZET渗透泵。
鼻腔输送可以通过将药物掺入生物粘性的颗粒载体(<200μm)如包含纤维素,聚丙烯酸酯或polycarbophil的载体,与合适的吸收增强剂如磷脂或酰基肉碱结合而实现。可购买的系统包括DanBiosys和Scios Nova开发的那些。
与在本申请背景部分列出的各种肽化合物相反,本发明化合物的突出贡献是本发明化合物所表现的口服活性。某些化合物已经在各种动物模型中显示出高达90-98%的生物利用率。口服输送可以通过将药物掺入片剂,包衣片剂,糖衣丸,硬或软胶囊,溶液,乳化液或悬浮液中而实现。口服输送也可以通过将药物掺入设计为将药物释放到消化蛋白酶活性很低的结肠中的肠衣胶囊内而实现。其例子包括分别从ALZA和Scherer Drug DeliverySystems得到的OROS-CT/OsmetTM和PULSINCAPTM系统。其它系统使用通过结肠特殊细菌偶氮还原酶降解的偶氯-交联聚合物,或pH敏感的,通过升高结肠内pH而活化的聚丙烯酸酯聚合物。上述系统可以与广泛的吸收增强剂联合使用。
直肠输送可以通过将药物掺入栓剂而实现。
本发明化合物可以通过加入本专业技术人员已知的各种治疗惰性的无机或有机载体,制成上述制剂。这些例子包括,但不限于,乳糖,玉米淀粉或其衍生物,滑石,植物油,蜡,脂肪,多醇如聚乙二醇,水,蔗糖,醇类,甘油等等。各种防腐剂,乳化剂,分散剂,调味剂,湿润剂,抗氧化剂,甜味剂,着色剂,稳定剂,盐,缓冲剂等等也根据需要被加入,帮助稳定制剂,或帮助增加活性成分的生物利用率,产生在口服剂型情况下可接受味道或气味的制剂。
所应用的药物组合物的量将取决于接受者和被治疗的病症。所需的量不需要过度的实验,由本专业技术人员确定。另外,所需的量可以以测定必需被抑制而治疗病症的靶酶的量为基础进行计算。
本发明的基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂不仅可以用于治疗上面讨论的病症,而且可以用于金属蛋白酶的纯化,基质金属蛋白酶活性的试验。这类活性试验既可以用天然或合成的酶制剂体外进行,也可以用,例如,其中异常破坏性酶水平被自然发现(用基因突变或转基因动物)或通过施用外源性药剂或通过破坏关节稳定性的手术而诱导的动物模型体内进行。
下列实施例仅用于举例说明,而不在任何意义上限制本发明。
实施例一般过程:
除非另外说明,所有的反应都在火焰-干燥或烘箱-干燥的玻璃仪器中,在氩气正压下,并在电磁搅拌下进行。敏感的液体和溶液通过注射器或导管转移,并通过橡胶隔膜导入反应器中。除非另外说明,减压浓缩用Buchi旋转蒸发器在约15mmHg下进行。球对球(bulb-to-bulb)浓缩用Aldrich kugelrohr仪进行,此时温度指烘箱温度。原料:
商品级的试剂和溶剂不经进一步纯化而使用,只有四氢呋喃和1,2-二甲氧基乙烷(DME)用钾二次蒸馏、二乙醚用苯酮羰游基钠蒸馏,二氯甲烷在氩气中用氢化钙蒸馏。色谱:
分析薄层色谱(TLC)在Whatman_预涂的玻璃支载的硅胶GHLF 250mm板上进行。斑点的显色通过下列技术之一进行:(a)紫外光照,(b)暴露于碘蒸汽中,(c)将板浸入磷钼酸的10%乙醇溶液,然后加热,和(d)将板浸入含有0.5%浓硫酸的甲氧基苯甲醛的3%乙醇溶液,然后加热。
柱层析用230-400目EM Science_硅胶进行。旋转色谱在Harrisonresearch chromatotron上用预铸造的SiO2板Alltech_进行。仪器:
熔点(mp)用Thomas-Hoover熔点仪测定,并且未经校正。
质子(1H)核磁共振(NMR)谱用General Electric GN-OMEGA 300(300MHz)光谱仪测量,碳13(13C)NMR谱用General Electric GN-OMEGA 300(75MHz)光谱仪测量。在下面实验中合成的大部分化合物通过NMR分析,并且在各种情况下,光谱与假设的结构一致。
质谱数据是用kratos Conceβt 1-H质谱仪、通过液-铯二级离子(LCIMS)、最新的快速原子撞击(FAB)的版本而得到的。在下面实验中合成的大部分化合物通过高分辨率质谱(HRMS)来分析,并在各种情况下,光谱与假设的结构一致。一般解释:
对于多步工艺,相继的步骤用数字标明。
实施例1-5制备化合物I-V步骤1.丙二酸二烯丙酯:向丙二酸(100g,0.96mol)的烯丙醇(250ml)溶液中加入H2SO4(0.25ml)并70℃加热该混合物12小时。将所得溶液在减压下浓缩至约100ml并用己烷(500mL)稀释。用饱和的K2CO3溶液(250ml)和饱和的NaCl溶液(250ml)洗涤此溶液,干燥(Na2SO4)并减压浓缩。蒸馏所得的油得到丙二酸二烯丙酯(156g,88%),无色油状物:bp 85℃(0.01mmHg);1H NMR(CDCl3)δ3.40(s,2H).4.60(m.4H),5.20(m,2H),5.30(m.2H),5.85(m.2H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ41.2,68.5(2C),118.5(2C),131.3(2C),165.9(2C).所得的化合物如下步骤2.4-溴丙基苯基(甲)酮:向0℃下的AlCl3(8.0g,0.60mmol)在无水苯(100ml)中的淤浆中加入4-溴代丁酰氯(5.8mL)。0℃下搅拌所得的混合物2小时,此时,TLC检测显示酰基氯已完全消耗。将该混合物温至室温,用冰水混合物(100ml)处理,并减压浓缩。该残留物在CHCl3(150ml)和水(150ml)间分离。有机相用饱和的NaCl溶液(150ml)洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),并减压浓缩得到浅黄色油(0.5g,92%),无需进一步纯化而使用。所得化合物如下:步骤3. 2-(4-苯基-4-氧代丁基)丙二酸二烯丙酯:向NaH(60%在矿物油中,0.21g)在无水THF(35ml)中的淤浆中加入丙二酸二烯丙酯(4.3g,25mmol)。室温下搅拌所得的淤浆30分钟,并加入4-溴代苯乙酮(4.6g,5.0mmol)。回流温度下加热此混合物18小时,冷却至室温,并用1M H3PO4溶液(10m1)酸化。用CH2Cl2(2×100mL)萃取所得的混合物。用1M H3PO4溶液(100ml),和饱和的NaCl溶液(50ml)连续洗涤该合并的有机相,干燥(MgSO4),并减压浓缩(Kugelrohr,80℃,4mmHg)得到粗制油,其用旋转色谱(SiO2,梯度:1%EtoAc/已烷-25%EtoAc/已烷)进一步纯化得到无色油状的含少量4-溴代苯乙酮的所需的丙二酸酯(2.1g)。此所得的化合物(如下)在下一步中使用而无需进一步纯化。步骤4.2-(4-苯基-4-氧代丁基)-2-(2-(4-(4-氯代苯基)苯基)-2-氧代)乙基丙二酸二烯丙酯:
用已烷(2×5ml)洗涤NaH(60%,在矿物油中,0.88g,2.2mmol),并用2-4-苯基-4-氧代丁基)丙二酸二烯丙酯(0.74g)的DME(5ml)溶液处理并室温下搅拌所得的混合物30分钟。将所得的淤浆用1-(4-4-氯代苯基)苯基)-2-溴代乙-1-酮(0.60g)和NaI(0.30g)的DME(1.5ml)溶液处理。室温下搅拌所得的混合物过夜,并减压浓缩。残留物在CH2Cl2(100ml)和水(100ml)间分离。干燥(MgSO4)该有机相并减压浓缩得到棕油油,用旋转色谱(SiO2,梯度:1%EtoAc/己烷-50%EtoAc/己烷)纯化得到无色油状(0.72g,64%)的所需产物。所得的化合物如下:步骤5. 2-(4-苯基-4-氧代丁基)-2-(4-(4-氯代苯基)苯基)-2-氧代乙基)丙二酸:向2-(4-苯基-4-氧代丁基)-2-(2-(4-(4-氯代苯)苯基)-2-氧代乙基)丙二酸二烯丙酯(0.70g)的1,4-二噁烷(12.5ml)溶液中加入Pd(PPh3)4(0.028g)和吡咯烷(120μl),并将所得的溶液于室温下搅拌一小时,此时,TLC(10%MeOH/CH2Cl2)显示起始反应物已完全消耗。减压浓缩所得的混合物。将残留物溶解于EtoAc(25ml),并先后用水(25ml)和1M H3PO4(25ml)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),并减压浓缩得到橙色固体(0.51g),其重结晶(EtOAc/已烷)得到浅褐色固体(0.27g,45%),如下:步骤6. 2-(2-(4-(4-氯代苯基)苯基)-2-氧代乙基)-6-苯基-6-氧代己酸
回流温度下加热2-(4-苯基-4-氧代丁基)-2-(2-(4-(4-氯代苯基)苯基)-2-氧代乙基)丙二酸(0.26g)的二噁烷(55ml)溶液,并冷却至室温,减压浓缩得到棕色油,其重结晶(EtoAc/己烷)得到所需的浅黄色固态产物(0.11g,44%):
TLC(10%MeOH/CH2Cl2)R0.56;1H NMR(DMSO)δ1.64-1.71(m,4H),2.88-2.90(m,1H),3.05-3.10(m,2H),3.16(dd,J=4.0,18.0Hz,1H),3.44(dd,J=9.6,18.0Hz,1H),7.50-7.66(m,5H),7.78-7.86(m,4H),7.98(dm,J=7.0Hz,2H),8.07(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),12.2(br s,1H);13C NMR(DMSO)δ21.9(2C),31.6,38.2(2C).127.4(2C),129.2(4C),129.3(2C),129.6(2C),133.6,133.8,136.0,137.2,138.2,143.7,176.7,198.5,200.3;LRMS m/z(%丰度)435(M++H,100),437(38).
所得的化合物如下:其它以类似方式合成的基本结构如下的实施例包括:
aTLC溶剂系统是10%MeOH/CH2Cl2,b5%MeOH/CH2Cl2
化合物 | Ar | v | TLC(Rf)a | 羟基13C NMR(δ) |
II | C6H5 | 1 | 0.43 | 177.2,199.1,200.5 |
III | C6H5 | 3 | 0.54 | 176.7,198.6,200.5 |
IV | C6H5 | 4 | 0.27b | 179.3,197.8(2C) |
V | 2,4,6-(CH3O)3C6H2 | 2 | 0.49 | 180.6,197.9,204.4 |
实施例6和7制备化合物VI和VII步骤1. 2-(4-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)-4-氧代丁基)丙二酸二烯丙酯:
向NaH(60%,在矿物油中,0.36g)和NaI(0.55g)的无水THF(37ml)淤浆中加入丙二酸二烯丙酯(3.2g,18.5mmol)。在室温下搅拌所得的淤浆30分钟,然后加入4-溴-1-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)-1-丁酮(1.0g,3.7mmol)。在回流温度下加热该混合物18小时,冷却至室温,并用1M H3PO4溶液(10ml)酸化。用CH2Cl2(2×100ml)萃取所得的混合物。先后用1M H3PO4溶液(100ml),和饱和的NaCl溶液(50ml)洗涤合并的有机相,干燥(MgSO4),并减压下浓缩(Kugelrohr,80℃,(4mmHg))得到粗制油,其用旋转色谱(SiO2,梯度:1%EtoAc/已烷-5%EtoAc/已烷)进一步纯化得到起始的溴化物(0.34g),随后是所需的丙二酸酯(0.36g)。所得的化合物如下并无需如实施例1步骤4中所述进一步纯化而可用于下一步。
下列通式的实施例以类似的方法合成,包括:
TLC溶剂系统是:(a)10%MeOH/CH2Cl2;(b)5%MeOH/CH2Cl2
化合物 | Ar | v | TLC(Rf)a | 羟基13C NMR(δ) |
VI | 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2 | 2 | 0.57a | 176.6,198.5,210.2 |
VII | 4-(C6H5O)C6H4 | 2 | 0.30b | 180.0,197.7,198.6 |
实施例8-15 制备化合物VIII-XV步骤1:4-碘-1-(4-甲基苯基)-1-丁酮:在回流温度下加热NaI(7.49g)和4-氯-1-(4-甲基苯基)-1-丁酮(4.9g)在2-丁酮中的混合物18小时,冷却至室温,并过滤除去固体。减压下浓缩滤液并在已烷(250ml)和水(250ml)间分离残留物。先后用饱和的NaHSO3溶液(100ml),和饱和的NaCl溶液(100ml)洗涤有机相,然后干燥(MgSO4),并减压下浓缩得到灰色固态的所需产物(3.2g,44%)。所得化合物如下:并无需如实施例1步骤3所述的进一步纯化而可用于下一步。
以类似方式合成的下列通式的实施例包括:
aTCL溶剂系统是10%MeOH/CH2Cl2
化合物 | Ar | v | TLC(Rf)a | 羟基13C NMR(δ) |
VIII | 4-(CH3)C6H4 | 2 | 0.51 | 176.6,198.5,199.9 |
IX | 4-BrC6H4 | 2 | 0.41 | 179.9,198.0,198.9 |
X | 4-(CH3O)C6H4 | 2 | 0.42 | 180.1,197.8,198.7 |
XI | 3,4-(CH3)2C6H3 | 2 | 0.43 | 180.2,198.0,200.0 |
XII | 2,4-(CH3O)2C6H3 | 2 | 0.32 | 180.1,198.0,200.2 |
XIII | 4-((CHz3)3C)3C6H4 | 2 | 0.43 | 180.1,197.8,199.7 |
XIV | 4-(C2H5)3C6H4 | 2 | 0.49 | 179.2,197.8,199.7 |
XV | 4-((CH3)2CH)C6H4 | 2 | 0.40 | 180.1,197.8,199.7 |
实施例16制备化合物XVI步骤1.N-甲基-N-甲氧基-4-氯代丁酰胺:
向N,O-二甲基羟基胺盐酸盐(9.8g)的吡啶(250ml)溶液中加入4-氯代丁酰氯(5.6ml)并在室温下搅拌所得的混合物3天。减压下浓缩所得的混合物,溶于CH2Cl2,先后用饱和的NaHCO3溶液(100ml),水(100ml),1M H3PO4溶液(100ml),和饱和的NaCl溶液(100ml)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),并浓缩。通过旋转色谱(SiO2,梯度:1%EtoAc/已烷-50%EtoAc/已烷)纯化所得的橙色油得到所需的黄色油状物(如下)(2.7g,32%):步骤2. 4-氯-1-(2-甲氧苯基)-1-丁酮:
氩气下火焰干燥Mg(2.3g)和碘(6晶体)的混合物以得到红紫色光雾。冷却并加入THF(10ml),接着加入2-溴代苯甲醚(3ml)的THF(20ml)溶液。当起始反应平息后,加入2-溴代苯甲醚(8.3ml)的THF(30ml)溶液并回流加热该混合物2小时,并冷却至室温。
向N-甲基-N-甲氧基-4-氯代丁酰胺(1.24g)在0℃的THF(75ml)中的混合物中加入Grignard试剂(约1.44M,6.25ml)并0℃下搅拌该反应混合物3天。室温下进一步反应6小时后,通过加入饱和的NH4Cl溶液(100ml)和水(100ml)骤冷,而各相分离。用CH2Cl2(2×100ml)萃取水相。用饱和的NaCl溶液(100ml)洗涤该合并的有机相,干燥(MgSO4)并减压下浓缩得到橙色油(1.24g)。用旋转色谱(SiO2,梯度:2%EtoAc/已烷-10%EtoAc/已烷)纯化该粗制酮得到无色油状物(0.30g,19%)。其无需如实施例8步骤1所述的进一步纯化而可用于下一步。所得到的化合物如下:
以类似方式合成的下列通式的实施例包括:
TCL溶剂系统是10%MeOH/CH2Cl2
化合物 | Ar | v | TLC(Rf)a | 羟基13C NMR(δ) |
XVI | 2-(CH3O)C6H4 | 2 | 0.34 | 176.8,197.9,202.5 |
实施例17
本发明化合物的生物试验
MMP抑制的P218熄灭荧光试验
P218熄灭荧光试验(微荧光计剖面分析试验)是最初由C.G.Knight等,FEBS Letters,296,163-266(1992)所述的,在小杯中对于相关底物和许多基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)试验的修改。该试验用本发明的各个实施例化合物和三种MMP,MMP-3,MMP-9和MMP-2进行,适合于在96-孔微滴板和HamiltonAT_工作站中如下平行地分析。★P218荧光团底物
P218是在N-端位置含有4-乙酰基-7-香豆素(MCA)基团,并在内部含有3-(2,4-二硝基苯基)-(L)-2,3-二氨基丙酰基(DPA)基团的合成底物。这是由Knight(1992)报道的,用作基质金属蛋白酶底物的肽的修饰物。一旦P218肽裂解(在Ala-Leu键上推定的剪断位点),MCA基团的荧光可以在荧光计上被检测,在328nm激发,在393nm发射。P218目前由BACHEM Bioscience.Inc.为Bayer Corp独家生产。P218具有如下结构:H-MCA-Pro-Lys-Pro-Leu-Ala-Leu-DPA-Ala-Arg-NH2(MW 1332.2)重组人CHO溶基质素(MMP-3):
重组人CHO Pro-MMP-3:人CHO Pro-溶基质素-257(pro-MMP-3)如T.J.Housley等,生物化学杂志,268,4481-4487(1993)所述的被表达和纯化。
Pro-MMP-3的活化:Pro-MMP-3以1.72μM(100μg/mL)在由pH7.5的5mM Tris,5mM氯化钙,25mM氯化钠,和0.005%Brij-35组成的MMP-3活化缓冲液中用TPCK(N-甲磺酰基-(L)-苯丙氨酸氯甲基酮)胰蛋白酶(1∶100w/w对pro-MMP)在25℃温育30分钟而活化。反应通过加入大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(SBTI;5∶1 w/w对胰蛋白酶浓度)而终止。此活化的原始记录导致45kDa活性MMP-3的形成,还含有酶的C-端部分。制备人重组Pro-明胶酶A(MMP-2):
根据R.Fridman等,生物化学杂志,267,15398-405,(1992)的方法,用牛痘表达系统制备人重组Pro-MMP-2:人Pro-明胶酶A(Pro-MMP-2)。
Pro-MMP-2的活化:252mg/mL的Pro-MMP-2在由pH7.5的25mM Tris,5mM氯化钙,150mM氯化钠,和0.005%Brij-35组成的MMP-2活化缓冲液中稀释1∶5至最终浓度50mg/mL。对氨基苯基汞乙酸盐(APMA)以10mM(3.5mg/mL)在0.05N氢氧化钠中制备。以1/20反应体积加入APMA溶液,使最终APMA浓度为0.5mM,将酶在37℃温育30分钟。将活化的MMP-2(15mL)对2L MMP-2活化缓冲液(渗透膜用由MMP-2活化缓冲液中0.1%BSA组成的溶液预处理1分钟,接着彻底水洗)。将酶在Centricon浓缩器(浓缩器也用由MMP-2活化缓冲液中0.1%BSA组成的溶液预处理1分钟,接着水洗,然后用MMP-2活化缓冲液洗涤),再稀释,接着重复再浓缩两次。将酶用MMP-2活化缓冲液稀释至7.5mL(原始体积的0.5倍)。制备人重组Pro-明胶酶B(MMP-9):
用杆状病毒蛋白质表达体系将如S.M.Wilhelm等,生物化学杂志,264,17213-17221(1989)所述的从U937 cDNA衍生的人重组Pro-MMP-9:人重组Pro-明胶酶B(Pro-MMP-9)表达为全-长形式。该前-酶用由M.S.Hibbs等,生物化学杂志,260,2493-500(1984)所述的方法纯化。
Pro-MMP-9的活化:在由pH7.4的50mM Tris,150mM氯化钠,10mM氯化钙,和0.005%Brij-35组成的MMP-9活化缓冲液中的Pro-MMP-9(20μg/mL)通过在37℃,用0.5mM对氨基苯基汞乙酸盐(APMA)温育3.5小时而活化。该酶相对同样的缓冲液渗析。仪器:
Hamiltion Microlab AT Plus_:MMP-剖面分析试验用Hamiltion MicrolabAT Plus_自动化进行。Hamilton被编程为:(1)用抑制剂在100%DMSO中的2.5mM贮存溶液自动连续稀释至11潜在抑制剂;(2)将底物分配在96-孔Cytofluor板中,接种分配抑制剂;和(3)往板中加入单个酶,混合以启动反应。各个附加酶的后续板通过在底物加入的时刻启动程序而自动制备,再与稀释的抑制剂混合,通过加入酶启动反应。以这种方式,所有的MMP试验都用相同的抑制剂稀释液进行。
Millipore Cytofluor II:温育之后,将板在Cytofluor II荧光读数计上读数,该读数计在340mn激发,在395nm发射,放大装置在80。缓冲液:
微荧光计反应缓冲液(MRB):用于微荧光计试验的试验化合物,酶和P218底物的稀释液在由pH6.5的50mM2-(N-吗啉代)乙磺酸(MES)与10mM氯化钙,150mM氯化钠,和0.005%Brij-35和1%DMSO组成的微荧光计反应缓冲液(MRB)中制造。方法:
MMP微荧光计剖面分析试验。该试验用最终P218浓度6μM,大约0.5至0.8nM活化的MMP,和可变的抑制剂浓度进行。Hamiltion Microlab ATPlus_被编程为在试验中,从2.5mM贮存(100%DMSO)连续稀释至11化合物,至最终化合物浓度的10-倍。开始,仪器将各种量的微荧光计反应缓冲液(MRB)输送到96-管架的1mL Marsh稀释管内。该仪器取20μL抑制剂(2.5mM),并将其与Marsh架中A排的缓冲液混合,产生50μM的抑制剂浓度。该抑制剂然后系统地稀释至10,5,0.2,0.05和0.01μM。在样品架的位置1上只含有用于试验中的“仅有酶”孔的DMSO,这导致在第1列,A排至H排中没有抑制剂。仪器然后分配107μL P218至单个96-孔Cytofluor微滴板中。将仪器再混合,并从Marsh架上的A排至G排装载14.5μL稀释的化合物到微滴板的相应的排中。(H排表示“背景”排。往其中加入39.5μL微荧光计反应缓冲液代替药物或酶)。通过从BSA-处理的试剂储罐中将25μL合适的酶(最终酶浓度的5.86倍)到各个孔中,排除H排,“背景”排。(酶储罐用在含有150mM氯化钠的pH7.5的50mM Tris中的1%BSA在室温下预处理1小时,接着用水充分洗涤,并在室温下干燥)。
加入酶并混合后,将该板覆盖并在37℃温育25分钟。附加的酶以相同的方式通过启动Hamiton程序而试验,将P218底物分配在微滴板中,接着再混合,并从相同的Marsh架上将药物分配到微滴板上。然后将第二种(或第三种,等等)被试验的MMP从试剂架上分配到微滴板上,混合然后覆盖和温育。
在微荧光计试验中的IC50测定:在Cytofluro II上产生的数据被从输出的“CSV”文件复制到户主的Excel展开页上。从各种MMP((每个MMP一个96-孔板)得到的数据被同时计算。各个药物浓度的抑制百分数通过比较含有化合物的孔与在1列中“仅有酶”孔的水解量(水解25分钟时产生的荧光单元)而测定。减去背景,如下计算抑制百分数:
((对照值-处理值)/对照值)×100
对于抑制剂浓度5,1,0.5,0.1,0.02,0.005和0.001μM,测定抑制百分数。抑制百分数对抑制剂浓度的对数的线性回归分析被用于获得IC50值。某些本发明化合物的剖面分析试验数据
表1
本发明的某些化合物的剖面检测数据
化合物 | MMP-3IC50(nM) | MMP-9IC50(nM) | MMP-2IC50(nM) |
I | 65.0 | 65.7 | 9.97 |
II | 96.0 | 127 | 9.60 |
III | 61.1 | 52.4 | 7.52 |
IV | 109 | 175 | 34.1 |
V | 71.7 | 132 | 8.13 |
VI | 39.6 | 1310 | 30.8 |
VII | 367 | 65.7 | 131 |
VIII | 69.1 | 108 | 19.0 |
IX | 125 | 131 | 28.3 |
X | 122 | 145 | 25.1 |
XI | 104 | 105 | 48.3 |
XII | 115 | 225 | 25.1 |
XIII | 222 | 167 | 71.6 |
XIV | 89 | 126 | 29.4 |
XV | 130 | 133 | 35.7 |
XVI | 48.2 | 152 | 26.2 |
本发明的其它方案考虑本文公开的本发明说明书或实施,对于本专业技术人员将是显而易见的。说明书和实施例认为只是举例性的,本发明真正的范围和精神在权利要求书中给出。
本文中,Ph是苯基,Me是甲基,THF是四氢呋喃,Bu是丁基,tBu是叔丁基,Et是乙基。
Claims (9)
1.基质金属蛋白酶-抑制化合物,具有通式:
其中v是1-4,
y是0,
x是0-2,
w是0-3,
Z选自-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-C(O)-、-N(R2)C(O)-或-O-,
T独立地选自:
卤素;
具有1-10个碳原子的卤代烷基;
R20独立地选自H、具有1-5个碳原子的烷基、具有1-5个碳原子的烷氧基、芳氧基、卤素,
所述化合物的药用盐。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中卤素选自F、Cl、Br和I。
3.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中x是1。
4.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中T是-Cl,x是1,v是1-4,并且
5.具有基质金属蛋白酶抑制活性的药物组合物,包括权利要求1-4中任一项的化合物和药用载体。
6.权利要求1-4中任一项的化合物在制备用于抑制基质金属蛋白酶的药物中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6的应用,其中所述的药物用于
a)减轻骨关节炎,类风湿性关节炎,脓毒性关节炎,牙周疾病,角膜溃疡,蛋白尿,动脉瘤的主动脉疾病,营养不良表皮松解疱,导致炎症反应的病症,由MMP活性介导的骨质减少,颞下颌骨关节疾病,或神经系统的脱髓鞘疾病;
b)创伤型关节损伤引起的肿瘤转移的阻滞或变性的软骨损失;
c)降低由动脉粥样硬化斑破裂引起的冠状动脉血栓形成;或
d)用于生育控制。
8.权利要求6的应用,其中所述应用为用于制备用于缓解骨关节炎的药物。
9.权利要求6的应用,其中所述应用为用于制备用于延滞肿瘤转移的药物。
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