CN1240362A - 适于冷冻干燥的药物组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种适于冷冻干燥的药物组合物,包括核苷酸类似物、甘露醇、和调节添加剂——氯化钠或多元醇。
Description
本发明涉及一种适于冷冻干燥的药物组合物,以及制备该组合物的方法。
冷冻干燥是用于制备药物化合物稳定储藏制剂的常见方法,这类药物化合物在水溶液中储藏可能会因为,例如,歧化反应和/或水解反应降解。典型的冷冻干燥过程包括四个步骤。冷冻需要冷冻干燥的化合物的组合物,初级干燥步骤包括抽真空以及足够的热量以使存在于组合物中的冰升华,二级干燥步骤为除去残留的水分,然后回收冷冻干燥的组合物。因为需要花费很长时间,并且需要低温和抽真空,使得该过程花费昂贵。低温是必要的,因为需要在低于晶体物质混合物的低共熔温度或低于无定型混合物的玻璃态跃迁或塌陷温度时抽真空。以便确保其中的水不经液态直接蒸发,并且无定型混合物不会塌陷。塌陷的无定型混合物基本上不能应用,因为其非常难于重新分散,而且可能不稳定。
为降低花费,最好塌陷温度或低共熔温度不至于太低,以便减少冷冻花费。较高的塌陷或低共熔温度也是有利的,因为加速了蒸发,从而减少了需要抽真空的时间。研究了适于冷冻干燥的组合物,用其制备了稳定产品,并使其塌陷温度或低共熔温度不太低。
本发明一方面提供了包含核苷酸类似物、甘露醇和调节添加剂--氯化钠或多元醇的药物组合物。
本发明还提供了冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥或真空干燥形式和重新分散形式的药物组合物。
本发明进一步提供了本发明组合物的制备方法,包括混合该组合物各成分,然后冷冻干燥该混合物,或者喷雾干燥(例如在暖空气中)。
发现甘露醇和调节添加剂在本发明组合物中的应用出乎意料地改善了冷冻干燥后该组合物的长期稳定性。使用这种组合的另一个优点是防止小瓶在冷冻干燥过程中破裂。
核苷酸是一种嘌呤或嘧啶碱基连接于戊糖的化合物,其中戊糖的一个或多个羟基被单磷酸或多磷酸磷酸化。用于本发明的核苷酸类似物通常为核苷酸三部分之一或多个被改变的化合物,例如,连接上一种或多种取代基和/或一个或多个骨架原子被取代。
用于本发明的核苷酸优选来自WO94/18216的核苷酸,就是说具有通式(I)的化合物或其药物可接受盐:
其中R1和R2独立地代表氢原子或卤素,
R3和R4独立地代表苯基、或由一个或多个选自OR5、C1-6-硫代烷基、NR6R7、苯基、COOR8和卤素的取代基选择性取代的C1-6-烷基,
R5、R6、R7和R8独立地代表氢原子或C1-6-烷基,
X代表酸性基团。
式(I)的化合物可以以互变异构体、对映异构体和非对映体形式存在,所有这些均包括在本定义范围内。
式(I)化合物的药物可接受盐包括碱金属盐,例如钠盐和钾盐;碱土金属盐,例如钙盐和镁盐;第III族元素的盐,例如铝盐;以及铵盐。合适的有机碱基盐,例如羟胺盐;低级烷基胺盐,例如甲胺或乙胺盐;取代的低级烷基胺盐,例如羟基取代的烷基胺盐;或单环氮杂环化合物盐,例如哌啶或吗啉盐;以及氨基酸盐,例如精氨酸、赖氨酸盐等,或其N-烷基衍生物;或氨基糖盐,例如N-甲基-D-葡糖胺盐或葡糖胺。优选无毒生理可接受的盐,当然也可以使用其它盐,例如,在分离和纯化的产品中。
式(I)化合物定义中的烷基包括直链、支链或环状,饱和或不饱和烷基。式(I)化合物定义中的芳基包括碳环基和杂环基。取代基可以包括环或各种数目的C-原子,也可以是稠合环结构。所述碳环芳基为苯基和萘基。杂芳基包括氮、氧或硫杂环,并可以包含一个或多个杂原子。仅包含一个杂原子的杂环包括吡咯、呋喃、噻吩和吡啶。包含多于一个杂原子的基团包括吡唑、噁唑、噻唑、三唑、噁二唑、噻二唑等。
R1和R2代表的卤素包括F、Cl、Br和I。优选R1和R2相同,并且更优选代表氯。
优选R3和R4代表由一个或多个选自OR5、C1-6-硫代烷基、NR6R7、苯基、COOR8和卤素的取代基选择性取代的C1-6-烷基。R3和R4上取代的卤素可以是Cl、Br和I,尤其是F。
特别优选化合物为R3代表C1-6-硫代烷基选择性取代的C1-6-烷基。R3代表的烷基尤其包括丙基或丁基,特别是乙基。R3代表的取代烷基尤其包括2-(硫甲基)乙基。
优选R4代表一个或多个,例如三个,卤原子选择性取代的C1-6-烷基。R4代表的基团尤其包括丙基和3,3,3-三氟丙基。
X代表的酸性基团包括布朗斯台德-洛里酸,即,作为质子供体的基团。酸性基团可以为单酸或多酸。所述酸性基团包括-P(O)(OH)2,-SO3H和-CO2H。优选X代表-P(O)(OH)2。
式(Ia)化合物最优选四钠盐。
式(I)的化合物可以用WO94/18216公开的方法制备。因为式(I)的化合物对哺乳动物表现药理活性,故有利用价值。本发明进一步提供了用于本文定义组合物的治疗应用,特别是用于防止血小板凝聚。因此本发明的组合物可以用作抗血栓形成药。
另一方面,本发明提供了治疗血小板凝聚障碍的方法,该方法包括用治疗有效量的本文定义的药物组合物治疗具有所述障碍的患者。
本发明还提供了本文定义的药物组合物作为制备在治疗血小板凝聚障碍病药的应用。
调节添加剂最好为合适的多元醇。因为当用NaCl作为调节剂时,纯度不理想。
本发明适用的多元醇通常为直链多元醇或包括一个或多个酮或醛基的环状分子,最好为糖。本发明组合物适用的多元醇优选山梨醇、乳糖、蔗糖、肌醇或海藻糖。更为优选的调节剂为山梨醇,因为令人惊异地发现包含山梨醇的冷冻干燥组合物与包含其它调节剂的组合物相比长期稳定性更为改善。
本发明的组合物优选甘露醇作为结晶剂。本发明组合物适当地包含约1%或更多(重量)的甘露醇,例如20-40%。然而甘露醇在冷冻干燥时存在着问题,由于无定型态向结晶态跃迁,装有不含调节添加剂的混合物的小瓶易于破裂。调节剂的量优选足以防止这种相跃迁的发生,例如约3-25%。可以通过常规分析技术例如示差扫描量热法简单地确定适当的量。然而,调节剂的量不应该大到使得该组合物塌陷。
制剂中的水分含量优选低于5%(重量),更优选低于2%(重量),最优选低于1%(重量)。
本发明的药物组合物还可以选择性地包括药物可接受的赋形剂,例如螯合剂、抗氧化剂、张力调节剂、pH值调节剂和/或缓冲剂、例如“美国应用的非肠道给药制剂中的赋形剂和pH调节剂综述”,Yu-Chang John Wang和R R Kowal,非肠道药物学会会志,34,452-462,(1980)公开的一种或多种赋形剂或调节剂。
制备本发明药物组合物的过程可以用药剂领域常规使用的任何冷冻干燥、真空干燥或喷雾干燥技术进行。本发明进一步提供了制备本文定义的药物组合物的方法,包括混合核苷酸类似物、甘露醇和氯化钠或多元醇调节剂,然后将混合物进行冷冻干燥、真空干燥或喷雾干燥。
本发明的优选方法为小瓶冷冻干燥法。该方法包括将本发明组合物的无菌过滤溶液装入无菌小瓶。无菌冷冻干燥的塞子部分塞住冷冻的小瓶,例如,在-30℃至40℃温度范围内,然后在冷冻状态进行真空干燥。干燥后塞子完全塞入小瓶,从冷冻干燥箱中取出小瓶。
使用前,本发明的药物组合物通常重新分散于药物可接受稀释剂中。药物可接受稀释剂的例子包括水、生理盐水和葡萄糖。优选水作稀释剂。另一方面,本发明提供了制备本文定义的药物组合物的方法,包括将核苷酸类似物、甘露醇和氯化钠或多元醇调节剂与药物可接受稀释剂混合。
重新分散后获得的包含甘露醇的本发明药物组合物的合适溶液是等渗液。
在优选实施例中,本发明组合物的pH值约为6-10,优选约7-9。
重新分散的本发明药物组合物最好静脉注射、皮下注射、或肌肉注射,优选静脉注射。
本发明的组合物可以用合适的药剂应用装置包装,例如注射器、小瓶或安瓿,以便加入水后可以即刻制备适当的即时给病人用药的活性成分水溶液。该装置也构成本发明的一方面。
下面将用实施例更详细地描述本发明。
实施例1
表1所列的冷冻干燥组合物如下制备。表1所示的每一批次5ml溶液装入小瓶,然后置于Secfroid Lyolab G冷冻干燥器中。冷冻到-35℃,然后在-30℃初级干燥2小时,随后温度逐步升高到35℃初级干燥33小时,最后在35℃进行二级干燥12小时。初级干燥和二级干燥的全过程真空度均为100 mTorr。
表1
批次 | 成分 | 含量(wt)% |
1 | 类似物山梨醇甘露醇 | 2.221.176.6 |
2 | 类似物NaCl甘露醇 | 2.41.496.2 |
其中类似物为通式(Ia)的化合物。然后它们储存在表2所示的条件下,不纯物质的量表示降解状况。
表2
批次 | 储藏条件 | 储藏时间 | 不纯物总量 |
1 | -20℃/潮湿环境 | 1226 | 1.231.26 |
1 | 4℃/潮湿环境 | 481226 | 1.511.631.341.36 |
1 | 25℃/60%RH | 481226 | 1.571.751.511.55 |
1 | 40℃/75%RH | 4812 | 1.952.222.44 |
2 | -20℃/潮湿环境 | 1226 | 1.561.50 |
2 | 4℃/潮湿环境 | 481226 | 1.401.571.541.47 |
2 | 25℃/60%RH | 481226 | 1.441.551.611.67 |
2 | 40℃/75%RH | 4812 | 1.802.101.95 |
其中不纯物质的量是重量百分比,RH指相对湿度。
实施例2
表3所列的冷冻干燥组合物如下制备。表中所示的每一批次3ml液体装入小瓶,然后置于Virtis Genesis 25EL冷冻干燥器。冷冻到-35℃,然后在-30℃初级干燥2小时,随后在5℃初级25-28小时,最后在35℃二级干燥11小时。初级和二级干燥全过程真空度保持100mTorr。
表3
批次 | 成份 | 重量% | 批次 | 成份 | 重量% |
3 | 类似物山梨醇甘露醇 | 2119.859.2 | 8 | 类似物山梨醇甘露醇 | 38.31249.7 |
4 | 类似物肌醇甘露醇 | 20.920.458.7 | 9 | 类似物蔗糖甘露醇 | 37.16.156.8 |
5 | 类似物蔗糖甘露醇 | 18.822.658.6 | 10 | 类似物山梨醇甘露醇 | 35.118.146.8 |
6 | 类似物海藻糖甘露醇 | 18.822.658.6 | 11 | 类似物山梨醇甘露醇 | 48.216.635.2 |
7 | 类似物山梨醇甘露醇 | 38.3358.7 | 12 | 类似物山梨醇甘露醇 | 58.915.225.9 |
其中类似物是通式(Ia)的化合物。
然后各批次储藏在40℃,75%相对湿度条件下,降解情况如表4所示。
表4
批次 | 储藏时间(周) | 不纯物A | 不纯物B | 总不纯物 |
3 | 041226 | <0.050.060.080.12 | 0.060.060.070.08 | 0.630.770.750.76 |
4 | 041226 | <0.050.070.240.17 | 0.070.090.320.08 | 0.630.831.170.90 |
5 | 041226 | 0.070.100.140.24 | 0.070.080.070.08 | 0.740.860.820.99 |
6 | 041226 | <0.050.140.260.46 | 0.060.080.080.10 | 0.691.000.961.15 |
7 | 0412 | 0.060.160.29 | 0.110.160.22 | 0.810.891.10 |
8 | 0412 | <0.050.080.12 | 0.090.090.11 | 0.680.730.83 |
9 | 0412 | 0.050.180.30 | 0.100.160.18 | 0.740.891.02 |
10 | 0412 | <0.050.050.08 | 0.060.070.07 | 0.320.390.43 |
11 | 0412 | <0.050.050.08 | 0.060.060.07 | 0.320.380.48 |
12 | 0412 | <0.05<0.050.05 | 0.060.070.06 | 0.330.330.38 |
其中每种不纯物的量为重量百分比,不纯物A是式(Ib)的化合物:
Claims (16)
1.药物组合物包括核苷酸类似物、甘露醇和作为调节剂的氯化钠或多元醇。
2.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中核苷酸类似物为式(I)的化合物或其药物可接受盐:
其中R1和R2独立地代表氢原子或卤素,
R3和R4独立地代表苯基、或由一个或多个选自OR5、C1-6-硫代烷基、NR6R7、苯基、COOR8和卤素的取代基选择性取代的C1-6-烷基,
R5、R6、R7和R8独立地代表氢原子或C1-6-烷基,
X代表酸性基团。
3.权利要求1或2的药物组合物,其中R1和R2卤素,R3为C1-6-硫代烷基选择性取代的C1-6-烷基,R4为卤素选择性取代的C1-6-烷基,X为-P(O)(OH)2,-SO3H或-CO2H。
4.权利要求1至3任何一个的药物组合物,其中核苷酸为N-[2-(硫甲基)乙基]-2-[(3,3,3-三氟丙基)硫]-5’-腺苷酸,二氯亚甲基二磷酸单酸酐。
5.权利要求1至4任何一个的药物组合物,其中调节剂为多元醇。
6.权利要求1至5任何一个的药物组合物,其中调节剂为山梨醇。
7.权利要求1至6任何一个的药物组合物,进一步包括1%或更多的重量的甘露醇。
8.权利要求1至7任何一个的药物组合物,其为冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥或真空干燥形式。
9.权利要求8的药物组合物,其为重新分散形式。
10.权利要求1至9任何一个的药物组合物,其pH值约为6-10。
11.权利要求1至10任何一个的药物组合物,其中水分含量少于重量的5%。
12.权利要求1至11任何一个的药物组合物用于治疗疾病。
13.制备权利要求8的药物组合物的方法,该方法包括混合组合物各成分,然后冷冻干燥,或者喷雾干燥。
14.权利要求1至11任何一个的药物组合物作为制备在治疗血小板凝聚障碍病药中的应用。
15.治疗血小板凝聚障碍的方法,该方法包括用治疗有效量的权利要求1至11任何一个定义的药物组合物治疗患有所述障碍的患者。
16.制备权利要求1至11任何一个定义的药物组合物的方法,包括混合核苷酸类似物、甘露醇和氯化钠或多元醇调节剂,然后将该混合物冷冻干燥、真空干燥或喷雾干燥。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9604795A SE9604795D0 (sv) | 1996-12-20 | 1996-12-20 | New pharmaceutical formulation |
SE96047956 | 1996-12-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1240362A true CN1240362A (zh) | 2000-01-05 |
CN1121875C CN1121875C (zh) | 2003-09-24 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN97180744A Expired - Lifetime CN1121875C (zh) | 1996-12-20 | 1997-12-11 | 适于冷冻干燥的药物组合物 |
Country Status (36)
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US (1) | US6114313A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1007094B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4488538B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100552880B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1121875C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR010377A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE221787T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU758857B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9713974B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2275153C (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ300635B6 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69714616T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1007094T3 (zh) |
EE (1) | EE03857B1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2182133T3 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR15C0060I2 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1026366A1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HU226616B1 (zh) |
ID (1) | ID21635A (zh) |
IL (1) | IL130449A0 (zh) |
IS (1) | IS1897B (zh) |
MY (1) | MY121982A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO327142B1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ336027A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL190493B1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT1007094E (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2205012C2 (zh) |
SA (1) | SA97180719B1 (zh) |
SE (1) | SE9604795D0 (zh) |
SI (1) | SI1007094T1 (zh) |
SK (1) | SK283137B6 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR199901412T2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW522015B (zh) |
UA (1) | UA66779C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1998028009A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA9711055B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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SE9702680D0 (sv) * | 1997-07-11 | 1997-07-11 | Astra Pharma Prod | New formulation |
US20130303477A1 (en) | 2008-05-13 | 2013-11-14 | The Medicines Company | Maintenance of Platelet Inhibition During Antiplatelet Therapy |
US9427448B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2016-08-30 | The Medicines Company | Methods of treating, reducing the incidence of, and/or preventing ischemic events |
US8759316B2 (en) | 2008-05-13 | 2014-06-24 | The Medicines Company | Maintenance of platelet inhibition during antiplatelet therapy |
WO2009140092A1 (en) | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-19 | The Medicines Company | Maintenance of platelet inhibition during antiplatelet therapy |
US20120141468A1 (en) | 2008-05-13 | 2012-06-07 | Lisa Ruderman Chen | Maintenance of platelet inhibition during antiplatelet therapy |
US10376532B2 (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2019-08-13 | Chiesi Farmaceutici, S.P.A. | Methods of treating, reducing the incidence of, and/or preventing ischemic events |
EA028885B1 (ru) | 2009-11-11 | 2018-01-31 | Чиези Фармачеутичи С.П.А. | Способы лечения или предотвращения тромбоза стента и инфаркта миокарда (варианты) |
CN103582480B (zh) | 2011-02-09 | 2016-03-16 | 医药公司 | 治疗肺高压的方法 |
WO2014143107A1 (en) | 2013-03-09 | 2014-09-18 | The Medicines Company | Methods of treating, reducing the incidence of, and/or preventing ischemic events |
CN103772461A (zh) * | 2014-01-06 | 2014-05-07 | 南京正科制药有限公司 | 一种坎格雷洛晶型ⅰ |
US9295687B1 (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2016-03-29 | The Medicines Company | Pharmaceutical formulations comprising high purity cangrelor and methods for preparing and using the same |
CA3060345A1 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-12-27 | Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A. | Method of preventing of systemic-to-pulmonary-artery shunt thrombosis |
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JPS5637967B2 (zh) * | 1973-05-17 | 1981-09-03 | ||
JPH01228915A (ja) * | 1988-03-09 | 1989-09-12 | Dai Ichi Seiyaku Co Ltd | Atp凍結乾燥製剤 |
GB8903593D0 (en) * | 1989-02-16 | 1989-04-05 | Pafra Ltd | Storage of materials |
CZ281415B6 (cs) * | 1989-11-09 | 1996-09-11 | Masarykova Nemocnice S Poliklinikou Iii. Typu | Způsob přípravy přenosového faktoru z buffy coatu savčí krve |
GB9010742D0 (en) * | 1990-05-14 | 1990-07-04 | Quadrant Bioresources Ltd | Stabilization of biological macromolecular substances |
AU659645B2 (en) * | 1991-06-26 | 1995-05-25 | Inhale Therapeutic Systems | Storage of materials |
US5563122A (en) * | 1991-12-09 | 1996-10-08 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Stabilized parathyroid hormone composition |
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2000
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