CN1228072A - 2-芳基-取代茚的制备方法 - Google Patents
2-芳基-取代茚的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1228072A CN1228072A CN98800787A CN98800787A CN1228072A CN 1228072 A CN1228072 A CN 1228072A CN 98800787 A CN98800787 A CN 98800787A CN 98800787 A CN98800787 A CN 98800787A CN 1228072 A CN1228072 A CN 1228072A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- indenes
- group
- aryl
- phenyl
- formula
- Prior art date
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- Pending
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- 150000002469 indenes Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- -1 arene compound Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003358 C2-C20 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- SVYZXUPZYQIERD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-2-phenyl-1H-indene Chemical compound C(C)C1=C2C=C(CC2=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 SVYZXUPZYQIERD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002130 sulfonic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical group CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NHRFDHRWHARDNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1h-indene Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1C1C2=CC=CC=C2C=C1 NHRFDHRWHARDNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 4
- AXXYVJQUZLSCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1h-inden-1-yl)benzoic acid Chemical class C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1C2=CC=CC=C2C=C1 AXXYVJQUZLSCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HHBWSWVQIKEQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-(1h-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-1-yl)benzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1C1C2=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=C2C=C1 HHBWSWVQIKEQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VBRKILHBDGHBTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-(1h-inden-1-yl)benzoate Chemical class C1=CC(C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1C1C2=CC=CC=C2C=C1 VBRKILHBDGHBTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 34
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 19
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 11
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- YCOXTKKNXUZSKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N as-o-xylenol Natural products CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C YCOXTKKNXUZSKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 7
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BSBXLZYWGGAVHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1h-indene Chemical class C=1C2=CC=CC=C2CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 BSBXLZYWGGAVHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BLQXSQRAXLXMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1h-indene Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C1 BLQXSQRAXLXMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- QKOZXNBNSBPWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-(1h-inden-2-yl)benzoate Chemical class C1=CC(C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C1 QKOZXNBNSBPWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KXYGKDBONOVZOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-cyclopenta[a]naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C3CC=CC3=CC=C21 KXYGKDBONOVZOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NWTWNMRTAFKZOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1h-inden-2-yl)benzoic acid Chemical class C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C1 NWTWNMRTAFKZOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- HYBIZRIMKWKYQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-(1h-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-2-yl)benzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C2C1 HYBIZRIMKWKYQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UAEKWVSOCBOFHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1h-indene Chemical class C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C1 UAEKWVSOCBOFHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOIQJBOQKBUDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methylphenyl)-1h-indene Chemical class C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C1 IOIQJBOQKBUDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CGAQASGUTSYGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-1h-cyclopenta[a]naphthalene Chemical compound C=1C2=CC=C3C=CC=CC3=C2CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 CGAQASGUTSYGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- ANRQGKOBLBYXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenylmagnesium bromide Chemical compound Br[Mg]C1=CC=CC=C1 ANRQGKOBLBYXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007039 two-step reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC=C1 GETTZEONDQJALK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEVSUCFMWLMXLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1h-inden-2-yl)naphthalene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(C=3CC4=CC=CC=C4C=3)=CC=CC2=C1 GEVSUCFMWLMXLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXYICUMSYKIABQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-iodo-4-phenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC(I)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NXYICUMSYKIABQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHPPIJMARIVBGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-iodonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(I)=CC=CC2=C1 NHPPIJMARIVBGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRDNNNLJFDLINN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1h-indene Chemical class CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2CC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=C1 VRDNNNLJFDLINN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UERAPMGLAQSZTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1h-indene Chemical class C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C1 UERAPMGLAQSZTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITXJNKGMQMKZEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-phenylphenyl)-1h-indene Chemical class C=1C2=CC=CC=C2CC=1C(C=C1)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ITXJNKGMQMKZEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGDKINIWCWEWLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1h-indene Chemical class C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C1 FGDKINIWCWEWLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXTHWIZHGLNEPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound O1CCN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZXTHWIZHGLNEPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAMKKZUZYCQHDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1h-inden-2-yl)benzoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2CC3=CC=CC=C3C=2)=C1 DAMKKZUZYCQHDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJPMVQPTBNKQJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetramethyl-2-phenyl-1h-indene Chemical class C=1C2=C(C)C(C)=C(C)C(C)=C2CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 SJPMVQPTBNKQJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKUXOOIKFGLPKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1h-indene Chemical class C=1C=2C(C)=CC(C)=CC=2CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 IKUXOOIKFGLPKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKLQZDIAQKGVTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7-dimethyl-1h-indene Chemical class CC1=CC=C(C)C2=C1CC=C2 DKLQZDIAQKGVTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMZLMROEIKNUIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1h-indene Chemical class C1C=2C(C)=CC=C(C)C=2C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YMZLMROEIKNUIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGOXXGDDOABMBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1h-inden-1-yl)aniline Chemical class C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1C2=CC=CC=C2C=C1 HGOXXGDDOABMBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAKFIPWTHJRUJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1h-inden-2-yl)aniline Chemical class C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C1 DAKFIPWTHJRUJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJDAOWNPUUHPPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1h-indene Chemical class C=1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 AJDAOWNPUUHPPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHECNTMCXFVKMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCC(CCCC)C(CCCC)(CCCC)O.N Chemical compound CCCCC(CCCC)C(CCCC)(CCCC)O.N UHECNTMCXFVKMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003747 Grignard reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCKXCAADGDQQCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Performic acid Chemical compound OOC=O SCKXCAADGDQQCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- SPWVRYZQLGQKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;hexane Chemical compound ClCCl.CCCCCC SPWVRYZQLGQKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical group [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M methanesulfonate group Chemical group CS(=O)(=O)[O-] AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VPGLGRNSAYHXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zirconium(2+);dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr]Cl VPGLGRNSAYHXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/04—Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/45—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with a bicyclo ring system containing nine carbon atoms
- C07C13/465—Indenes; Completely or partially hydrogenated indenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
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Abstract
介绍了一种通过使茚与被杂原子优选碘原子或被有机磺酸酯基取代的芳烃化合物反应,来制备2-芳基-取代茚的方法,所述的反应在有钯催化剂存在下的碱性介质中进行。该方法所得化合物可用于制备具有过渡金属如钛、锆或铪的金属茂化合物,它们可用作烯烃聚合中的催化剂成分。
Description
本发明涉及2-芳基-取代茚的一种新的制备方法,2-芳基-取代茚在用于烯烃聚合的金属茂化合物的合成上是有用的。
已知乙烯聚合中金属茂化合物的使用,既产生了非晶形的又产生了晶状的聚合物,这取决于所用的金属茂。
尤其是手性、桥接的金属茂化合物产生能够将丙烯聚合成高度晶状的聚合物的立体有择催化剂。比如,EP-A-185,918介绍了在亚乙基-双(4,5,6,7-四氢化茚基)二氯化锆的存在下,全同立构聚丙烯的一种制备方法。
WO95/25757介绍了一种基于未桥接的2-芳基-取代的双茚基金属茂的催化剂,它们使得可以获得部分结晶的热塑性-弹性的立构规正嵌段的烯烃聚合物。所述金属茂的2-芳基-茚配位体,通过2,3-二氢-2-茚酮和苯基溴化镁之间的格利雅反应及后继的酸性条件下的消除反应来制得。因此,2-苯基-1H-茚按照下述反应式制得:该两步反应的总得率约为65%。
WO96/20225中介绍了上述制备方法的改进措施。在选自镧和镧系元素的金属的化合物,特别是氯化铈的存在下,进行2,3-二氢-2-茚酮和苯基溴化镁间的反应,经两步反应2-苯基-1H-茚的总得率约为75%。
然而,上述的两篇PCT申请介绍了2-芳基-茚的制备方法,其中所述茚除了2位上的芳基外,没有其它取代基。其原因在于,被取代的2,3-二氢-2-茚酮商业上难以找到,也不易制备。事实上,最初的2,3-二氢-2-茚酮是通过茚与过甲酸按照下列反应式反应制得:
该反应非常危险且得率也很低(约40%),
前述制备方法的另一个缺陷是,它不能用于制备那些其中的芳基具有不能与格利雅反应相容的取代基,如羧基或羰基基团的2-芳基-取代茚。
因此,有必要有一种更实用的方法来制备2-芳基茚化合物,并且以高得率制得这类化合物,此外,提供一种不可能按照先有技术的方法来合成的那些化合物的制备方法。
因此,首先,本发明提供一种制备具有如下式(Ⅰ)的2-芳基-取代茚的方法:其中:R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9相同或不同,是氢原子、卤素原子、C1-C20烷基、C3-C20环烷基、C2-C20链烯基、C6-C20芳基、C7-C20烷芳基、C7-C20芳烷基、NO2、NR10 2、OH、OR11、COOH、COOR12、COH或COR13基团,任选地含有Si或Ge原子,任何两个相邻的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9取代基任选地组成一个含有5至8个碳原子的芳族或脂肪族环,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9其中之一任选地与具有式(Ⅰ)的第二个化合物的一个相应的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9基团相连,生成一种结构桥接基团;R10、R11、R12和R13是C1-C20烷基、C3-C20环烷基、C2-C20链烯基、C6-C20芳基、C7-C20烷芳基或C7-C20芳烷基;
任选所述茚环上的芳族碳原子被选自元素周期表(新的IUPAC版本)中的第15族中的杂原子所取代,被取代的碳原子上不存在R1、R2、R3或R4取代基,所述的方法包括具有如下式(Ⅱ)的茚:其中R1、R2、R3和R4与前述的意义相同,R1、R2、R3和R4中的一个基团任选地与具有式(Ⅱ)的第二个茚中的一个相应R1、R2、R3和R4基团相连,形成一个结构桥接基团,任选所述茚环的芳族碳原子被选自元素周期表(新的IUPAC版本)中的第15族中的杂原子所取代,被取代的碳原子上不存在R1、R2、R3或R4取代基;与一种具有如下式(Ⅲ)的芳烃化合物反应:其中的X是一个卤原子,最好是碘原子或有机磺酸酯基,R5、R6、R7、R8和R9与前述的意义相同,R5、R6、R7、R8和R9中的一个基团任选地与具有式(Ⅲ)的第二个芳烃化合物的一个相应R5、R6、R7、R8和R9基团相连,形成一个结构桥接基团;
所述的反应在存在钯催化剂的碱性介质中进行。本发明反应必须在碱性介质中进行。本发明方法中适用的碱包括:伯、仲或叔胺,如三乙胺;碱金属或碱土金属的氢氧化物,如氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、氢氧化钡;碱金属或碱土金属的碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐,如碳酸钠、碳酸钾;碱金属或碱土金属的醇化物,如乙醇钠、叔丁醇钾;季铵的氢氧化物或醇盐,如氢氧化四丁基铵、四丁基乙醇铵。
本发明的反应可适宜在任何普遍地用于这类反应的溶剂中进行,如二甲亚砜(DMSO)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、环丁砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、四氢呋喃(THF)、醚、六甲基磷酰胺。
按照一个优选的实施方案,本发明的反应在作为溶剂的碱的存在下进行。适用于这一目的的碱是叔胺,如三乙胺。
按照一个更优选的实施方案,本发明的反应在含有极性溶剂和叔胺的混合物中进行。
按照一个最优选的实施方案,本发明的反应在含有N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和三乙胺的混合物中进行。
在本发明的反应中,所述极性溶剂与叔胺的体积比可在相当大的范围内变化。一般地说,所述极性溶剂与叔胺的体积比在从1∶100至100∶1的范围内。因此,根据本发明优选的实施方案,所述极性溶剂的体积含量可在1%至99%的范围内变化。通过在含有除叔胺以外的一种极性溶剂如DMF的混合物中的操作,可以得到高得率的所需要的产物。
适用于本发明的反应的钯催化剂是钯(0)和钯(Ⅱ)化合物,如单或二羧酸(dicarbossilic acid)钯(Ⅱ)盐。优选的钯化合物是乙酸钯。
在具有式(Ⅲ)的芳烃化合物中,X是一种卤素原子,优选是碘原子,或一种有机磺酸酯基团,如甲苯磺酸酯或甲磺酸酯基团。R5和R9取代基优选为氢原子。
优选在本发明的反应中,具有式(Ⅱ)的茚和式(Ⅲ)的芳烃化合物以大体上等摩尔量使用。
具有式(Ⅱ)的茚与式(Ⅲ)的芳烃化合物的反应温度不是关键的。一般在约0℃-160℃间,优选约60℃-120℃间。本反应适于在所述溶剂的回流温度下进行。
用本发明的方法得到的2-芳基-取代茚的实例有:2-苯基-茚;2-(4-甲基-苯基)-茚;2-(4-叔丁基-苯基)-茚;2-(4-苯基-苯基)-茚;2-(4-氟-苯基)-茚;2-(4-氯-苯基)-茚;2-(4-硝基-苯基)-茚;2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-茚;2-(4-乙酯基-苯基)-茚;2-(4-羧基-苯基)-茚;2-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-茚;2-(3,5-二甲基-苯基)-茚;2-(3,5-双-三氟甲基-苯基)-茚;2-苯基-4,7-二甲基-茚;2-苯基-4,6-二甲基-茚;2-苯基-5,6-二甲基-茚;2-苯基-4,5,6,7-四甲基-茚;2-苯基-苯并茚;2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-苯并茚;2-(4-乙酯基-苯基)-苯并茚;2-(1-萘基(naphtyl))-茚;4,4-双-(2-茚基)-1,2-二苯基乙烷;1,2-双(2-苯基-4-茚基)乙烷;2-苯基-4-氮杂-茚;2,5-二苯基-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-甲基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-叔丁基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-苯基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-氟-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-氯-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-硝基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-乙酯基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-羧基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(3,5-二甲基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(3,5-双-三氟甲基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-苯基-5,6-二甲基-4-氮杂-茚;2-苯基-苯并-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-苯并-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-乙酯基-苯基)-苯并-4-氮杂-茚;2-(1-萘基)-4-氮杂-茚;4,4’-双-(4-氮杂-2-茚基)-1,2-二苯基乙烷。
根据本发明,具有式(Ⅱ)的茚与具有式(Ⅲ)的芳烃化合物反应生成的2-芳基-取代茚,可以通过已知的技术,如萃取、结晶、蒸馏、色谱法等,从反应混合物中回收和分离出来。
通过本发明的方法制得的2-芳基-取代茚,可以用来制备带有过渡金属如钛、锆或铪的相关的金属茂化合物,而它们用作烯烃聚合中的催化剂成分。
本发明的方法不仅能够改进已知的2-芳基-取代茚的制备的经济性,而且,它还可以制得现有技术不能制备的那些化合物。
因此,根据本发明的另一方面提供了一种具有式(Ⅰ)的2-芳基-取代茚:其中的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9相同或不同,与前述意义一样,但须R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9中至少一个,优选R6、R7和R8中的一个,更优选R7是NO2、NR10 2、OH、OR11、COOH、COOR12、COH或COR13基团,R10、R11、R12和R13是C1-C20烷基、C3-C20环烷基、C2-C20链烯基、C6-C20芳基、C7-C20烷芳基或C7-C20芳烷基。
上述新的2-芳基取代茚的实例如下:2-(4-硝基-苯基)-茚;2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-茚;2-(4-乙酯基-苯基)-茚;2-(4-羧基-苯基)-茚;2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-苯并茚;2-(4-乙酯基-苯基)-苯并茚。
根据本发明的又一个方面,提供了一种具有下式(Ⅰ)的2-芳基取代茚:其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9相同或不同,与上述的意义一样,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9中的一个基团与具有式(Ⅰ)的第二个化合物的相应R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9基团一起,被一个连接所述两个茚的结构桥接基团取代。
该结构桥接基团优选是一个亚烷基。
上述新的2-芳基-取代茚的非限定实例如下:4,4’-双-(2-茚基)-1,2-二苯基乙烷;1,2-双(2-苯基-4-茚基)乙烷。
根据本发明的又一个方面,提供一种具有下式(Ⅰ)的2-芳基-取代茚:其中的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9相同或不同,与上述的意义一样,其中所述茚环的芳碳原子被选自元素周期表(新IUPAC版本)第15族的杂原子取代,在被取代的碳原子上不存在R1、R2、R3或R4取代基。
上述新的2-芳基-取代茚非限定实例如下:2,5-二苯基-4-氮杂-茚;2-苯基-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-甲基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-叔丁基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-苯基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-氟-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-氯-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-硝基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-乙酯基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-羧基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(3,5-二甲基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-(3,5-双-三氟甲基-苯基)-4-氮杂-茚;2-苯基-5,6-二甲基-4-氮杂-茚;2-苯基-苯并-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-苯并-4-氮杂-茚;2-(4-乙酯基-苯基)-苯并-4-氮杂-茚;2-(1-萘基)-4-氮杂-茚;4,4’-双-(4-氮杂-2-茚基)-1,2-二苯基乙烷。
通过下列实施例可以表明本发明的其它优点,这些实施例是用来说明的,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
2-芳基-茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、2.2g(20毫摩尔)茚、4.08g(20毫摩尔)碘苯及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,将该混合物冷却到室温并100ml乙醇处理。分离晶状沉淀,用乙醇洗涤后真空干燥,得到1.6g(46%)2-苯基-茚。1H NMR(CD2Cl2):7.50-7.00(m,10H);3.80(s,2H)。
实施例2
2-(4-硝基-苯基)-茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、2.2g(20毫摩尔)茚、4.98g(20毫摩尔)对-硝基碘苯及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,将该混合物冷却到室温并用100ml乙醇处理。分离出黄色的晶状沉淀,从乙醇中重结晶,用冷乙醇洗涤,真空干燥得到1.94g(41%)的2-(4-硝基-苯基)-茚。1H NMR(CDCl3):8.22(d,2H);7.74(d,2H);7.49(d,1H);7.44(d,1H);7.43(s,1H);7.33-7.23(m,2H);3.82(s,2H)。
实施例3
2-(4-氯-苯基)-茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、2.2g(20毫摩尔)茚、4.77g(20毫摩尔)对-氯碘苯及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,将该混合物冷却到室温并用100ml乙醇处理。分离出晶状沉淀,用冷乙醇洗涤,真空干燥得到2.53g(56%)的2-(4-氯-苯基)-茚。1H NMR(CD2Cl2):7.58(d,2H);7.48(d,1H);7.40(d,1H);7.36(d,2H);7.29(t,1H);7.24(s,1H);7.21(t,1H);3.75(s,2H)。
实施例4
2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、2.2g(20毫摩尔)茚、4.68g(20毫摩尔)对-甲氧基碘苯及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,将该混合物冷却到室温并用100ml乙醇处理。分离出晶状沉淀,用冷乙醇洗涤,真空干燥得到2.23g(50%)的2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-茚。1H NMR(CD2Cl2):7.59(d,2H);7.46(d,1H);7.36(d,1H);7.24(t,1H);7.14(t,1H);7.11(s,1H);6.93(d,2H);3.83(s,3H);3.77(s,2H)。
实施例5
2-(4-乙酯基-苯基)-茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、2.2g(20毫摩尔)茚、5.52g(20毫摩尔)对-乙酯基-碘苯及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,将该混合物冷却到室温用100ml乙醇处理。分离出晶状沉淀,用冷乙醇洗涤,真空干燥得到3.1g(59%)的2-(4-乙酯基-苯基)-茚。1H NMR(CD2Cl2):8.10(d,2H);7.70(d,2H);7.50(d,1H);7.44(d,1H);7.38(s,1H);7.30(t,1H);7.23(t,1H);4.38(q,2H);3.80(s,2H);1.4(t,3H)。
实施例6
2-(3-羧基-苯基)-茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、2.2g(20毫摩尔)茚、4.96g(20毫摩尔)间-羧基碘苯及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,将该混合物冷却到室温并用100ml乙醇处理。分离出晶状沉淀,溶于碱水溶液中。分离出水相,用HCl水溶液处理。分离出白色沉淀,用冷乙醇洗涤,真空干燥得到2g(43%)的2-(4-羧基-苯基)-茚。1H NMR(CDCl3):8.41(s,1H);8.06(d,1H);7.93(d,1H);7.58-7.25(m,6H);4.7(br,s);3.80(s,2H)。
实施例7
2-[3,5-双-(三氟甲基)-苯基]-茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、2.2g(20毫摩尔)茚、6.8g(20毫摩尔)1-碘代-3,5-双(三氟甲基)-苯及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌12个小时。之后,减压除去所有的三乙胺。残余物用50ml水和50ml乙醚的混合物处理。分离出醚层,用水洗两次,过滤及用Na2SO4干燥。将醚除去并在该反应混合物中加入约20ml戊烷。将其冷却至-20℃,产品结晶成深色针状晶体,将其过滤,用少量冷戊烷洗涤,真空干燥。产品的得率为32%。1H NMR(CDCl3):8.06(bs,2H);7.80(bs,1H);7.58-7.48(m,3H);7.42-7.32(m,2H);3.88(s,2H)。
实施例8
2-苯基-4,7-二甲基-茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、2.88g(20毫摩尔)4,7-二甲基-茚、4.08g(20毫摩尔)碘苯及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌12个小时。之后,减压除去所有的三乙胺。残余物用50ml水和50ml乙醚的混合物处理。分离出醚层,用水洗两次,过滤及用Na2SO4干燥。将醚除去并在反应混合物中加入约20ml戊烷。将其冷却至-20℃,产品结晶成白色晶体,将其过滤,用少量冷戊烷洗涤,真空干燥。产品的得率为38%。1H NMR(CDCl3):7.46(bs,5H);7.06(bs,2H);6.48(t,1H);3.45(d,2H);2.47(s,3H);2.08(s,3H)。
实施例9
2-苯基-苯并茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、3.32g(20毫摩尔)苯并茚、4.08g(20毫摩尔)碘苯及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,将该混合物冷却到室温并用100ml乙醇处理。分离晶状沉淀,用乙醇洗涤并真空干燥,得到2.4g(50%)两种异构体的混合物。1H NMR(CDCl3):8.2-7.2(复杂多峰,12H);4.13(s)和3.95(s)总共2H。
实施例10
2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-苯并茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、3.32g(20毫摩尔)苯并茚、4.68g(20毫摩尔)对-甲氧基-苯基-碘及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,将该混合物冷却到室温,用100ml乙醇处理。分离出晶状沉淀,用乙醇洗涤,真空干燥得到2.9g(54%)两种异构体的混合物。1H NMR(CDCl3):8.2-6.9(复杂多峰,11H);4.09(s)和3.91(s)总共2H;3.84(s,3H)。
实施例11
2-(4-乙酯基-苯基)-苯并茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、3.32g(20毫摩尔)苯并茚、5.52g(20毫摩尔)对-乙酯基-苯基-碘及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,将该混合物冷却到室温,用100ml乙醇处理。分离出晶状沉淀,用乙醇洗涤,真空干燥得到3.96g(63%)两种异构体的混合物。1H NMR(CDCl3):8.2-7.3(复杂多峰,11H);4.40(m,2H);4.09(s)和3.92(s)总共2H;1.43(m,3H)。
实施例12
2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-5,6-苯并茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、3.32g(20毫摩尔)5,6-苯并茚、4.68g(20毫摩尔)对-甲氧基-苯基-碘及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,将该混合物冷却到室温,用100ml乙醇处理。分离出晶状沉淀,用乙醇洗涤,真空干燥得到1.9g(36%)产物。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):8.2-6.9(复杂多峰,11H);3.95(s,2H);3.82(s,3H)。
实施例13
2-(1-萘基)茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、2.2g(20毫摩尔)茚、5.08g(20毫摩尔)1-萘基-碘及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,将该混合物冷却到室温并蒸发。将残余油状物从乙醇中重结晶,真空干燥得到1.5g(31%)产物。1H NMR(CD2Cl2):8.2-7.1(复杂多峰,12H);3.95(s,2H)。
实施例14
4,4’-双-(2-茚基)-1,2-二苯基乙烷的制备
将70ml三乙胺、13.02g(30毫摩尔)4,4’-二碘代-1,2-二苯基乙烷、15.3ml(120毫摩尔)茚及0.4gPd(OAc)2在氮气环境、回流下搅拌16个小时。之后,将该混合物冷却到室温并用200ml乙醇处理两次。真空干燥所得到的固体,并用以己烷-二氯甲烷(9∶1)的混合物作洗脱液的硅胶柱层析分离所需的产物。层析过程由TLC控制,3-d标记与该化合物相对应。白色结晶产物的得率为19%。1H NMR(CDCl3):7.5-6.8(m,18H);3.74(s,4H);2.82(s,4H)。
实施例15
2-(4-乙酰基(acethyl)-苯基)-茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、2.2g(20毫摩尔)茚、4.92g(20毫摩尔)对-乙酰基-碘苯及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,减压除去所有的三乙胺。残余物用50ml二氯甲烷和50ml水的混合物处理。分离出有机层,用水洗两次,过滤及用Na2SO4干燥。将二氯甲烷除去,残余物用20ml的EtOH重结晶。产品的得率为78%。1H NMR(CDCl3):7.95(d,2H);7.68(d,2H);7.48(d,1H);7.43(d,1H);7.35(s,1H);7.29(t,1H);7.21(t,1H);3.80(s,2H);2.60(s,3H)。
实施例16
2-(4-氨基-苯基)-茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、2.2g(20毫摩尔)茚、4.38g(20毫摩尔)对-氨基-碘苯及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,减压除去所有的三乙胺。残余物用80ml15%的HCl处理。分离生成的沉淀并用二氯甲烷洗涤。生成的物质用50ml二氯甲烷和50ml5%的KOH水溶液的混合物处理。分离出有机层,用水洗两次,过滤及用Na2SO4干燥。将二氯甲烷除去,残余物用20ml的EtOH重结晶。产品的得率为21%。1H NMR(CDCl3):7.46(d,2H);7.44(d,1H);7.36(d,1H);7.26(t,1H);7.14(t,1H);7.04(s,1H);6.70(d,2H);3.75(br.s,2H);3.73(s,2H)。
实施例17
2-(4-甲基-苯基)-茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、2.2g(20毫摩尔)茚、4.36g(20毫摩尔)对-甲基-碘苯及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,减压除去所有的三乙胺。残余物用50ml的二氯甲烷和50ml水的混合物处理。分离出有机层,用水洗两次,过滤及用Na2SO4干燥。将二氯甲烷除去,残余物用20ml的EtOH重结晶。产品的得率为41%。1H NMR(CDCl3):7.53(d,2H);7.46(d,1H);7.38(d,1H);7.27(t,1H);7.19(d,2H);7.18(s,1H);7.17(t,1H);3.77(s,2H);2.37(s,3H)。
实施例18
2-(4-乙酰氨基-苯基)-茚的制备
将20ml三乙胺、2.2g(20毫摩尔)茚、5.22g(20毫摩尔)对-乙酰氨基-碘苯及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,减压除去所有的三乙胺。残余物用50ml的二氯甲烷和50ml水的混合物处理。分离出有机层,用水洗两次,过滤及用Na2SO4干燥。将二氯甲烷除去,残余物用20ml的EtOH重结晶。产品的得率为13%。1H NMR(CDCl3):7.59(d,2H);7.52(d,2H);7.46(d,1H);7.38(d,1H);7.26(t,1H);7.18(t,1H);7.17(s,1H);3.77(s,2H);2.20(s,3H)。
实施例19
2,5-二苯基-4-氮杂-茚(与其异构体的1∶1的混合物)的制备
将20ml三乙胺、3.86g(20毫摩尔)5-苯基-4-氮杂-茚、4.08g(20毫摩尔)碘苯及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。之后,减压除去所有的三乙胺。残余物用50ml的二氯甲烷和50ml水的混合物处理。分离出有机层,用水洗两次,过滤及用Na2SO4干燥。将二氯甲烷除去,残余物用20ml的EtOH重结晶。产品的得率为23%。1H NMR(CDCl3):8.1-7.2(多峰,13H);3.97(d)和3.83(dd),总共2H。
实施例20
4-aceto anylyde-苯基-茚的制备
将20ml DMF、2.9ml(25毫摩尔)茚、6.4g(25毫摩尔)对-乙酰乙酰氨基-碘苯、3ml三乙胺及0.18g(0.75毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。将生成的混合物倒入100ml水中。分离出形成的沉淀,用10ml冷氯仿洗涤并干燥。产品的得率为75%。
实施例21
4-氨基-苯基-茚的制备
将20ml DMF、2.2g(20毫摩尔)茚、4.4g(20毫摩尔)对-氨基-碘苯、2ml三乙胺及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。将生成的混合物倒入200ml 15%的HCl溶液中。分离出形成的沉淀,用二氯甲烷洗涤。生成物用50ml的二氯甲烷和50ml浓度为5%的KOH水溶液的混合物处理。分离出有机层,用水洗两次,过滤及用Na2SO4干燥。去除二氯甲烷,残余物用20ml的EtOH重结晶。产品的得率为70%。
实施例22
4-硝基-苯基-茚的制备
将15ml DMF、1.15g(10毫摩尔)茚、2.49g(10毫摩尔)对-硝基-碘苯、1ml三乙胺及0.067g(0.3毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。将生成的混合物倒入50ml二氯甲烷和50ml水的混合物中。分离出有机层,用水洗两次,过滤及用Na2SO4干燥。去除二氯甲烷,残余物用20ml的EtOH重结晶。产品的得率为16%。
实施例23
2-(4-联苯并)-茚的制备
将20ml DMF、2.2g(20毫摩尔)茚、5.60g(20毫摩尔)4-碘代-联苯、2ml三乙胺及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。将生成的混合物倒入250ml二氯甲烷和50ml水的混合物中。分离出有机层,用水洗两次,过滤及用Na2SO4干燥。去除二氯甲烷,残余物用20ml的DMF重结晶。产品的得率为21%。1H NMR(CDCl3):7.8-7.1(多峰,14H);3.81(s,2H)。
实施例24
2-苯基-茚的制备
将20ml DMF、2.2g(20毫摩尔)茚、2.2ml(20毫摩尔)碘苯、2ml三乙胺及0.134g(0.6毫摩尔)Pd(OAc)2在回流下搅拌10个小时。将生成的混合物倒入50ml二氯甲烷和50ml水的混合物中。分离出有机层,用水洗两次,过滤及用Na2SO4干燥。去除二氯甲烷,残余物用20ml的EtOH重结晶。产品的得率为65%。
权利要求书
按照条约第19条的修改1.一种制备具有式(Ⅰ)的2-芳基-取代茚的方法,
其中:R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9相同或不同,是氢原子、卤素原子、C1-C20烷基、C3-C20环烷基、C2-C20链烯基、C6-C20芳基、C7-C20烷芳基、C7-C20芳烷基、
NO2、NR10 2、OH、OR11、COOH、COOR12、COH或COR13基团,任意地含有Si或Ge原子,任何两个相邻的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9取代基任选地组成一种含有5-8个碳原子的芳族或脂肪族环,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9其中之一任选地与具有式(Ⅰ)的第二个茚化合物的一个相应的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9基团相连,形成一个结构桥接基团;R10、R11、R12和R13是C1-C20烷基、C3-C20环烷基、C2-C20链烯基、C6-C20芳基、C7-C20烷芳基或C7-C20芳烷基;任选所述茚环上的芳族碳原子被选自元素周期表(新的IUPAC版本)中第15族的杂原子所取代,所述被取代的碳原子上不存在R1、R2、R3或R4取代基,所述的方法包括使具有如下式(Ⅱ)的茚:其中R1、R2、R3和R4与前述的意义相同,R1、R2、R3和R4中的一个基团任选地与具有式(Ⅱ)的第二个茚中的一个相应R1、R2、R3和R4基团相连,形成一个结构桥接基团,任选所述茚环上的芳族碳原子被选自元素周期表(新的IUPAC版本)中的第15族的杂原子所取代,所述被取代的碳原子上不存在R1、R2、R3或R4取代基,与具有如下式(Ⅲ)的芳烃化合物反应:其中,X是一个卤原子,优选碘原子或有机磺酸酯基,R5、R6、R7、R8和R9与前述的意义相同,R5、R6、R7、R8和R9中的一个基团任选地与具有式(Ⅲ)的第二个芳烃化合物的相应R5、R6、R7、R8和R9基团相连,形成一个结构桥接基团,所述的反应在存在钯催化剂的碱性介质中进行。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述的反应在作为溶剂的碱中进行。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中所述的碱是伯、仲或叔胺。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中所述的碱是三乙胺。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述的反应在含有极性溶剂和叔胺的混合物中进行。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中所述极性溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),所述叔胺为三乙胺。
7.权利要求5至6中任一项的方法,其中所述极性溶剂与所述叔胺的体积比的范围为1∶100至100∶1。
8.权利要求1至7中的任一项的方法,其中所述钯催化剂选自钯(0)和钯(Ⅱ)的化合物。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中所述钯催化剂是乙酸钯。
10.权利要求1至9中的任一项的方法,其中在所述式(Ⅲ)的芳烃化合物中,X为碘原子。
11.权利要求1至10中的任一项的方法,其中在所述式(Ⅲ)的芳烃化合物中,R5和R9取代基是氢原子。
12.权利要求1至11中的任一项的方法,其中所述式(Ⅱ)的茚和式(Ⅲ)的芳烃化合物以大体上等摩尔量使用。
13.(删去)。
14.(删去)。
15.(删去)。
16.(删去)。
17.具有式(Ⅰ)的2-芳基-取代茚:其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9相同或不同,与前述的意义一样,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9之一与具有式(Ⅰ)的第二个茚化合物的相应的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9基团一起,被一个连接所述两个茚的结构桥接基团取代。
18.权利要求17的2-芳基-取代茚,其中所述的结构桥接基团是一个亚烷基。
19.权利要求17的2-芳基-取代茚选自:4,4’-双-(2-茚基)-1,2-二苯基乙烷和1,2-双(2-苯基-4-茚基)乙烷。
Claims (20)
1.一种制备具有式(Ⅰ)的2-芳基-取代茚的方法,其中:R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9相同或不同,是氢原子、卤素原子、C1-C20烷基、C3-C20环烷基、C2-C20链烯基、C6-C20芳基、C7-C20烷芳基、C7-C20芳烷基、NO2、NR10 2、OH、OR11、COOH、COOR12、COH或COR13基团,任意地含有Si或Ge原子,任何两个相邻的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9取代基任选地组成一种含有5-8个碳原子的芳族或脂肪族环,R1、R2、R3、R4、R6、R6、R7、R8和R9其中之一任选地与具有式(Ⅰ)的第二个茚化合物的一个相应的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8和R9基团相连,形成一个结构桥接基团;R10、R11、R12和R13是C1-C20烷基、C3-C20环烷基、C2-C20链烯基、C6-C20芳基、C7-C20烷芳基或C7-C20芳烷基;任选所述茚环上的芳族碳原子被选自元素周期表(新的IUPAC版本)中第15族的杂原子所取代,所述被取代的碳原子上不存在R1、R2、R3或R4取代基,所述的方法包括使具有如下式(Ⅱ)的茚:其中R1、R2、R3和R4与前述的意义相同,R1、R2、R3和R4中的一个基团任选地与具有式(Ⅱ)的第二个茚中的一个相应R1、R2、R3和R4基团相连,形成一个结构桥接基团,任选所述茚环上的芳族碳原子被选自元素周期表(新的IUPAC版本)中的第15族的杂原子所取代,所述被取代的碳原子上不存在R1、R2、R3或R4取代基,与具有如下式(Ⅲ)的芳烃化合物反应:其中,X是一个卤原子,优选碘原子或有机磺酸酯基,R5、R6、R7、R8和R9与前述的意义相同,R5、R6、R7、R8和R9中的一个基团任选地与具有式(Ⅲ)的第二个芳烃化合物的相应R5、R6、R7、R8和R9基团相连,形成一个结构桥接基团,所述的反应在存在钯催化剂的碱性介质中进行。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述的反应在作为溶剂的碱中进行。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中所述的碱是伯、仲或叔胺。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中所述的碱是三乙胺。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述的反应在含有极性溶剂和叔胺的混合物中进行。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中所述极性溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),所述叔胺为三乙胺。
7.权利要求5至6中任一项的方法,其中所述极性溶剂与所述叔胺的体积比的范围为1∶100至100∶1。
8.权利要求1至7中的任一项的方法,其中所述钯催化剂选自钯(0)和钯(Ⅱ)的化合物。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中所述钯催化剂是乙酸钯。
10.权利要求1至9中的任一项的方法,其中在所述式(Ⅲ)的芳烃化合物中,X为碘原子。
11.权利要求1至10中的任一项的方法,其中在所述式(Ⅲ)的芳烃化合物中,R5和R9取代基是氢原子。
12.权利要求1至11中的任一项的方法,其中所述式(Ⅱ)的茚和式(Ⅲ)的芳烃化合物以大体上等摩尔量使用。
14.权利要求13的2-芳基-取代茚,其中R6、R7和R8中至少有一个是NO2、NR10 2、OH、OR11、COOH、COOR12、COH或COR13基团,R10、R11、R12和R13是C1-C20烷基、C3-C20环烷基、C2-C20链烯基、C6-C20芳基、C7-C20烷芳基或C7-C20芳烷基。
15.权利要求14的2-芳基-取代茚,其中R7是NO2、NR10 2、OH、OR11、COOH、COOR12、COH或COR13基团,R10、R11、R12和R13是C1-C20烷基、C3-C20环烷基、C2-C20链烯基、C6-C20芳基、C7-C20烷芳基或C7-C20芳烷基。
16.权利要求15的2-芳基-取代茚选自:(4-硝基-苯基)-茚;(4-甲氧基-苯基)-茚;(4-乙酯基-苯基)-茚;(4-羧基-苯基)-茚;(4-甲氧基-苯基)-苯并茚;(4-乙酯基-苯基)-苯并茚。
18.权利要求17的2-芳基-取代茚,其中所述的结构桥接基团是一个亚烷基。
19.权利要求17的2-芳基-取代茚选自:4,4’-双-(2-茚基)-1,2-二苯基乙烷和1,2-双(2-苯基-4-茚基)乙烷。
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ES2205495T3 (es) | 2004-05-01 |
JP4127324B2 (ja) | 2008-07-30 |
US6271411B1 (en) | 2001-08-07 |
WO1998046547A1 (en) | 1998-10-22 |
DE69818186T2 (de) | 2004-05-06 |
DE69818186D1 (de) | 2003-10-23 |
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