CN1225084A - 手性β-氨基酸的不对称合成 - Google Patents
手性β-氨基酸的不对称合成 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1225084A CN1225084A CN97196251A CN97196251A CN1225084A CN 1225084 A CN1225084 A CN 1225084A CN 97196251 A CN97196251 A CN 97196251A CN 97196251 A CN97196251 A CN 97196251A CN 1225084 A CN1225084 A CN 1225084A
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- Prior art keywords
- amino
- tms
- thf
- acid
- following formula
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 150000001576 beta-amino acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium periodate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- IJXJGQCXFSSHNL-MRVPVSSYSA-N (2s)-2-amino-2-phenylethanol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 IJXJGQCXFSSHNL-MRVPVSSYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000001639 phenylmethylene group Chemical group [H]C(=*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- LJRWLSKYGWLYIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethylsilylprop-2-ynal Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#CC=O LJRWLSKYGWLYIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 138
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 79
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- -1 hydrogen ammonium oxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000872931 Myoporum sandwicense Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940067107 phenylethyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- AMEDKBHURXXSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azonous acid Chemical compound ONO AMEDKBHURXXSQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OWVBKVUUDMFVCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromozinc(1+);tert-butyl acetate Chemical compound Br[Zn+].CC(C)(C)OC([CH2-])=O OWVBKVUUDMFVCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- IJXJGQCXFSSHNL-QMMMGPOBSA-N (R)-(-)-2-Phenylglycinol Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 IJXJGQCXFSSHNL-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005828 desilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-pyrrolidine Natural products CN1CC=CC1 AHVYPIQETPWLSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- 125000002941 2-furyl group Chemical group O1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 2
- JEHCHYAKAXDFKV-UHFFFAOYSA-J lead tetraacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Pb](OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)OC(C)=O JEHCHYAKAXDFKV-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 81
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 69
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 46
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 17
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004454 trace mineral analysis Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- ACKFDYCQCBEDNU-UHFFFAOYSA-J lead(2+);tetraacetate Chemical compound [Pb+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ACKFDYCQCBEDNU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-SSDOTTSWSA-N (R)-mandelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-SSDOTTSWSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 4
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229950004288 tosilate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibromoethane Chemical compound BrCCBr PAAZPARNPHGIKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NSZGDPXVCHTULF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-5-trimethylsilylpent-4-ynoic acid Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#CC(N)CC(O)=O NSZGDPXVCHTULF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl chloride Chemical compound CC(Cl)=O WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012346 acetyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- KDPAWGWELVVRCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CBr KDPAWGWELVVRCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- RODBEKUWCLMBSW-FGZHOGPDSA-M (3r,5r)-7-[1-cyclohexyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-propan-2-ylpyrrol-3-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C1=C(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=CN1C1CCCCC1 RODBEKUWCLMBSW-FGZHOGPDSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FJJYHTVHBVXEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropanal Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C=O FJJYHTVHBVXEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWGATWIBSKHFMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-anilinoethanol Chemical compound OCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 MWGATWIBSKHFMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)C=O AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- OUWAIQPQYZYLGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-amino-5-trimethylsilylpent-4-ynoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(N)C#C[Si](C)(C)C OUWAIQPQYZYLGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDCFZUJTBDNKAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-aminopent-4-ynoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(N)C#C XDCFZUJTBDNKAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-SVYQBANQSA-N oxolane-d8 Chemical compound [2H]C1([2H])OC([2H])([2H])C([2H])([2H])C1([2H])[2H] WYURNTSHIVDZCO-SVYQBANQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PHDIJLFSKNMCMI-ITGJKDDRSA-N (3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(8-quinolin-6-yloxyoctoxy)oxane-2,3,5-triol Chemical compound OC[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O1)O)O)OCCCCCCCCOC=1C=C2C=CC=NC2=CC=1)O PHDIJLFSKNMCMI-ITGJKDDRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRDZSRWEULKVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxy-2-oxo-1h-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid Chemical class C1=C(O)C=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC(=O)NC2=C1 QRDZSRWEULKVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- LSZFPMUWINOMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)(C)[Li].C(C)(=O)O Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)[Li].C(C)(=O)O LSZFPMUWINOMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
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- CYSWUSAYJNCAKA-FYJFLYSWSA-N ClC1=C(C=CC=2N=C(SC=21)OCC)OC1=CC=C(C=N1)/C=C/[C@H](C)NC(C)=O Chemical compound ClC1=C(C=CC=2N=C(SC=21)OCC)OC1=CC=C(C=N1)/C=C/[C@H](C)NC(C)=O CYSWUSAYJNCAKA-FYJFLYSWSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YLEIFZAVNWDOBM-ZTNXSLBXSA-N ac1l9hc7 Chemical compound C([C@H]12)C[C@@H](C([C@@H](O)CC3)(C)C)[C@@]43C[C@@]14CC[C@@]1(C)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]2O[C@]3(O)[C@H](O)C(C)(C)O[C@@H]3[C@@H](C)[C@H]12 YLEIFZAVNWDOBM-ZTNXSLBXSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004618 benzofuryl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000480 butynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(C)(C)C AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000469 ethanolic extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDXHMSSQTZYIIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-aminopent-4-ynoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(N)CC#C KDXHMSSQTZYIIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXFVBLCWAIVAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl pent-4-ynoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCC#C WXFVBLCWAIVAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及制备3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯的方法,该方法包括在甲苯中用L-苯基甘氨醇处理3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-丙炔醛产生αS-[[3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-亚丙炔基]氨基]苯乙醇;使αS-[[3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-亚丙炔基]氨基]苯乙醇与BrZnCH2CO2t-Bu在THF/NMP中反应生成3S-[(2-羟基-1S-苯基乙基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯;使3S-[(2-羟基-1S-苯基乙基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯与高碘酸钠反应形成3S-[(苯基亚甲基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯;水解3S-[(苯基亚甲基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯产生3S-氨基-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯;然后对3S-氨基-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基酯进行酯基转移作用和脱甲硅基作用产生3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯。本发明还涉及制备式(Ⅰ)手性β-氨基酸的方法。
Description
本发明背景
本发明涉及制备下式手性β-氨基酸的方法其中R选自链烯基、炔基、低级烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、吡啶基和呋喃基,R1为低级烷基;该方法包括在四氢呋喃(THF)或甲苯中用(R)或(S)苯基甘氨醇处理下式醛产生下式的亚氨基醇再使所述亚氨基醇在N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)或THF中与BrZnCH2CO2-tBu反应,接着加入氯化铵水溶液和盐酸产生下式的氨基醇然后使所述氨基醇与高碘酸钠(NaIO4)或四乙酸铅(Pb(OAc)4)反应形成下式的亚胺在对甲苯磺酸存在下使所述亚胺水解产生下式的(R)或(S)β-氧基酸
更优选,本发明涉及制备化学名为3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯的下式手性β-氨基酸及其盐的方法该方法包括用L-苯基甘氨醇在甲苯中处理3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-丙炔醛产生αS-[[3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-亚丙炔基]氨基]苯乙醇;使αS-[[3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-亚丙炔基]氨基]苯乙醇与BrZnCH2CO2t-Bu在THF/NMP中反应生成3S-[(2-羟基-1S-苯基乙基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯;使3S-[(2-羟基-1S-苯基乙基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯与高碘酸钠反应形成3S-[(苯基亚甲基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯;水解3S-[(苯基亚甲基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯产生3S-氨基-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯;然后对3S-氨基-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯进行酯基转移作用和脱甲硅基作用产生3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯。
经本发明方法制备的优选的手性β-氨基酸可用于制备3S-[[4-[[4-(氨基亚氨基甲基)苯基]氨基]-1,4-二氧代丁基]氨基]-4-戊炔酸乙酯,一种用作血小板聚集抑制剂的药物。所述药物在美国专利5344957中已有更详细的描述。
在美国专利号5344957的流程Ⅴ方法3中描述了3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯的制备。制备3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯的其它方法已由D.H.Hua和A.Verma在Tetrahedron Lett.,547-550(1985)以及由T.Kametani在Heterocycles,Vol.17,463(1982)中公开。
美国专利号5536869公开了制备3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯一盐酸盐的方法,其包括:
(a)在非质子溶剂的存在下,依次用正-丁基锂和4-甲酰基吗啉处理(三甲基硅烷基)乙炔,接着用酸水解得到3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-丙炔醛;
(b)在非质子溶剂的存在下,用双(三甲基硅烷基)氨基锂处理3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-丙炔醛当场得到N,3-双(三甲基硅烷基)-2-丙炔-1-亚胺,用叔-丁基乙酸锂处理N,3-双(三甲基硅烷基)-2-丙炔-1-亚胺,接着经水解裂解为(±)3-氨基-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯;
(c)在非质子溶剂的存在下,用对-甲苯磺酸处理步骤b的产物(±)3-氨基-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯得到(±)3-氨基-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯的一对-甲苯磺酸盐,在对-甲苯磺酸的存在下用乙醇处理生成的盐,接着中和得到(±)3-氨基-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸乙酯;和
(d)在链烷醇溶剂的存在下,用催化量的碱处理步骤c的产物(±)3-氨基-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸乙酯,接着用催化量的酸处理当场生成(±)3-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯,在非质子溶剂的存在下,再用(R)-(-)扁桃酸处理(±)3-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯得到与αR-羟基苯乙酸化合的3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯;和
(e)在非质子溶剂的存在下,用气态的盐酸处理与αR-羟基苯乙酸化合的3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯(步骤d产物)得到3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯一盐酸盐;鉴于需要药学上可接受的酸加成盐而非盐酸盐,可用相应所需盐的适当的酸处理步骤d的产物,即与αR-羟基苯乙酸化合的3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯而得到所需的盐。
提供一种能适应按比例增加制备所述氨基酸(优选3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯)的方法显得十分需要,该方法使用很容易获得的原料,并能得到高产率和高水平的旋光纯的所述氨基酸,而无需任何层析和/或分离非对映异构体的步骤。
本发明概述
本发明涉及制备下式手性β-氨基酸的方法其中R选自链烯基、炔基、芳基、低级烷基、取代的芳基、吡啶基和呋喃基,R1为低级烷基;该方法包括在四氢呋喃(THF)或甲苯中用(R)或(S)苯基甘氨醇处理下式醛产生下式的亚氨基醇再使所述亚氨基醇在N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)或THF中与BrZnCH2CO2-tBu反应,接着加入氯化铵产生下式的氨基醇然后使所述氨基醇与高碘酸钠(NaIO4)或四乙酸铅(Pb(OAc)4)反应形成下式的亚胺在对甲苯磺酸存在下使所述亚胺水解产生下式的R或S氨基酸
更优选,本发明在此涉及制备3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯的方法。该方法包括用L-苯基甘氨醇在甲苯中处理3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-丙炔醛产生αS-[[3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-亚丙炔基]氨基]苯乙醇;使αS-[[3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-亚丙炔基]氨基]苯乙醇与BrZnCH2CO2t-Bu在THF/NMP中反应生成3S-[(2-羟基-1S-苯基乙基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯;使3S-[(2-羟基-1S-苯基乙基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯与高碘酸钠反应形成3S-[(苯基亚甲基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯;水解3S-[(苯基亚甲基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯产生3S-氨基-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯;然后对3S-氨基-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯进行酯基转移作用和脱甲硅基作用产生3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯。
本发明详述
本发明在此涉及下式β-氨基酸及其酸加成盐的制备其中R选自链烯基、炔基、低级烷基、芳基、取代的芳基、吡啶基和呋喃基,R1为低级烷基。
更具体地说,本发明在此涉及下式3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯及其加成盐的制备
根据美国专利号5536869公开的方法制备醛A。
在流程Ⅰ中,通过在甲苯(或THF)中与L-苯基甘氨酸反应将醛A转化为亚胺B,接着用硫酸镁或者分子筛或共沸蒸馏干燥。
通过在THF中,用二溴乙烷(2-5%(摩尔))快速活化锌(另外,也可用稀盐酸活化锌,再用THF和高真空或在THF中用四甲基硅烷(1-5%)于25℃干燥),然后在50℃与溴代乙酸叔-丁酯反应来制备Reformatsky试剂BrZnCH2CO2t-Bu。经蒸馏除去THF,再使之溶于NMP或DMSO中,或经过滤固体试剂后再用非质子溶剂如NMP或DMSO稀释来制备BrZnCH2CO2t-Bu溶液。
将亚胺B的NMP(或者选择DMSO或THF)溶液加入在非质子溶剂如THF、NMP、NMP/THF或DMSO中的Reformatsky试剂的溶液中,然后用氯化铵水溶液和盐酸水溶液骤冷,随后用甲基叔-丁基醚(MTBE)或EtOAc提取。用氯化铵水溶液、水和盐水洗涤该有机溶液得到氨基醇C。
在乙醇/水中,在甲基胺存在下,使氨基醇C与NaIO4反应,经过滤后,用甲苯、MTBE或THF稀释得到亚胺D溶液。[另外,可将该反应混合物浓缩,用MTBE提取,经过滤、干燥、过滤并浓缩]。
在MTBE(或者选择THF或甲苯)中,在对甲苯磺酸存在下,使亚胺D水解。用庚烷沉淀并过滤得到对甲苯磺酸盐E。
通过在乙醇中与0.3当量的对甲苯磺酸反应,接着用碱处理(碳酸氢钠水溶液或碳酸氢钾水溶液)并用在乙醇中的乙醇钠溶液,及乙醇中的盐酸溶液(通过将乙酰氯加入到乙醇中或使氯化氢气体溶于乙醇中制备)提取使对甲苯磺酸盐E转化为盐酸盐F并在乙腈/MTBE(或另选在乙腈/甲苯或在乙腈/庚烷)中重结晶。
在流程Ⅱ中,通过在THF中或甲苯中与D或L苯基甘氨醇反应,然后经硫酸镁、分子筛或共沸蒸馏干燥使醛G(R=炔基、烷基、芳基、取代芳基、吡啶基、呋喃基)转化为亚胺H。
通过在THF中用二溴乙烷(1-5%(摩尔))快速活化锌(另外,也可用稀盐酸活化锌,再用THF和高真空或在THF中用四甲基硅烷(TMS)于25℃干燥),然后在50℃与溴代乙酸叔-丁酯反应来制备Reformatsky试剂BrZnCH2CO2t-Bu。经蒸馏或倾析除去THF,再使之溶于非质子极性溶剂如NMP或DMSO中,或经过滤固体试剂后再用非质子极性溶剂如NMP或DMSO稀释来制备BrZnCH2CO2t-Bu溶液。
将亚胺H在非质子极性溶剂如NMP、DMSO或THF中的溶液加入在非质子极性溶剂如NMP、NMP/THF、DMSO或THF中的Reformatsky试剂的溶液中,然后用酸性水溶液(氯化铵/盐酸)或碱性水溶液(氢氧化铵)骤冷,随后用MTBE或EtOAc提取,用氯化铵水溶液、水和盐水洗涤得到氨基醇Ⅰ
在乙醇/水中,在甲基胺存在下,或在甲醇中的四乙酸铅的存在下,使氨基醇Ⅰ与NaIO4反应,经过滤后,用甲苯、MTBE或THF稀释得到亚胺J的溶液。另外,可将该反应混合物浓缩并用MTBE提取,经过滤、干燥、过滤并浓缩。
在THF、甲苯或MTBE中的对甲苯磺酸存在下,使亚胺J水解。用庚烷沉淀并过滤得到具有构型D(来自D-苯基甘氨醇)或构型L(来自L-苯基甘氨醇)的对甲苯磺酸盐K。
通过在溶剂如乙醇中与对甲苯磺酸反应,接着用碱处理(碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾水溶液)并用在链烷醇如乙醇中的乙醇钠溶液及乙醇中的HCl(通过将乙酰氯加入到链烷醇溶剂如乙醇中或使氯化氢气体溶于乙醇中制备)提取使对甲苯磺酸盐K(R=2-三甲基硅烷基-乙炔基)转化为盐酸盐L(R=乙炔基)并在乙腈/MTBE(或另选在乙腈/甲苯或在乙腈/庚烷)中重结晶。
除非另有说明,用于本发明方法中的原料均可从市售获得或根据本领域技术人员所熟知的常规方法制备。使用的所有设备均可从市售获得。
以下列出本文使用的定义和缩略语。
术语“烷基”或“低级烷基”指具有约1-约6个碳原子的直链或支链烃基。此类烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、正-丙基、异丙基、正-丁基、异丁基、仲-丁基、叔-丁基、戊基、己基等。
本文使用的术语“链烯基”或“低级链烯基”指具有至少一个双键和2-约6个碳原子的不饱和无环烃基,该碳-碳双键可以为几何顺式或反式。此类基团的实例为乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、异丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基等。
本文使用的术语“炔基”和“低级炔基”指具有一个或多个三键和2-约6个碳原子的无环烃基。此类基团的实例为乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基等。
本文使用的术语“芳基”指由一个或多个芳环(优选由一个或两个芳环)组成的芳环体系。该术语包括芳基如苯基、萘基、三苯基、苯并呋喃基等。
本文使用的术语“取代的芳基”指由一个或多个取代基取代的如上定义的芳基,所述取代基选自烷基、氨基、羟基、氯代、氟代、溴代、烷氧基和硝基。
术语“吡啶基”由下式基团
代表。
THF指四氢呋喃。
NMP指N-甲基吡咯烷酮。
DMSO指二甲基亚砜。
NaIO4指高碘酸钠。
NH4Cl指氯化铵。
CH3NH2指甲基胺。
EtOH指乙醇。
Pb(OAc)4指四乙酸铅。
PTSA指对甲苯磺酸。
MTBE指甲基叔-丁基醚。
NaOEt指乙醇钠。
EtOAc指乙酸乙酯。
MgSO4指硫酸镁。
GC指气相色谱。
本发明提供一种制备3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯的安全、方便并能适应效益成本和规模生产的方法。该方法使用容易获得且成本效益好的原料。该方法的方便之处在于合成途径中对非对映异构体既不需要层析,也不需要化学的或酶的分离。它的成本效益则为其终产品的高产率和高水平的旋光纯度所证实。
下列非限制性实施例描述和说明了完成本发明过程所采用的方法,以及本发明的其它方面,并进一步详述了所获得的结果。这些解释和实际方法对于本发明的各个方面来说都是恰当的。这些实施例旨在说明本发明,并不限制其范围或实质。本领域专业人员将很容易理解,在这些实施例中描述的条件和过程的改变可以用来实施本发明的方法。
实施例1
αS-[[3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-亚丙炔基]氨基]苯乙醇
于室温下,将1.05当量的3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-苯炔醛(9.66g,76.5mmol)以保持温度低于30℃的速率加入到L-苯基甘氨醇的甲苯(10.00g,72.9mmol/55ml)淤浆中。于室温下搅拌该混合物1小时。减压下与甲苯共沸除去水至28.2g(1.5×期望产率)的终重量。于室温及搅拌下,加入75ml庚烷并将该混合物冷却至-10℃8小时。抽滤固体,接着用庚烷冲洗滤饼,空气干燥后产生固体亚胺αS-[[3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-亚丙炔基]氨基]苯乙醇(80%:15.00g),为4∶1比例的反:顺异构体(在THF中通过NMR测定)。
mp78-80℃;1HNMR(THF-d8)反-异构体,δ0.20(s,9H),3.61(t,1H,J=6.3Hz),3.95(t,1H,J=6.3Hz),4.18(t,1H,J=6.3Hz),7.17(tt,1H,J=7.3,1.4Hz),7.25(复杂t,2H,J=7.3Hz),7.35(复杂d,2H,J=7.3Hz),7.57(s,1H)。顺-异构体,δ0.22(s,9H,3.76-3.63(复杂带,3H),5.01(m,1H),7.16(tt,1H,7.3,1.4Hz),7.23(复杂t,2H,J=7.3Hz),7.33(复杂d,2H,J=7.3Hz),7.56(d,1H);13C NMR(THF-d8)反-异构体,δ-0.3,67.9,79.3,96.5,103.5,127.9,128.2,129.0,141.9,145.4。顺-异构体,δ-0.4,68.6,73.2,98.2,103.6,127.7,128.6,128.9,142.4,143.3;IR(MIR)ν(cm-1)1610,2370,2340,3390,3610 cm-1。C14H19NOSi的分析计算值:
C,68.52;H,7.80;N,5.71.
实测值:C,68.59;H,7.52;N,5.71.
实施例2
BrZnCH2CO2t-Bu
步骤A
将180g锌金属(-30-100目,180.0g,2.77mol)装入一安装有冷凝器、温度探头和机械搅拌器的4升套层烧瓶中并将1.25LTHF加入该容器中。搅拌下通过注射器将1,2-二溴乙烷(4.74ml,0.055mol)加入该容器中。加热锌在THF中的悬浮液至回流(65℃)并维持于此温度1小时。将该混合物冷却至50℃,然后用1.5小时加入溴代乙酸叔-丁酯(488g,369ml,2.5mol)。用50ml注射器和注射泵(加入速率设置在4.1ml/min)控制试剂加入速率。加入期间维持温度于50℃±5℃。加入完毕后,于50℃搅拌该反应混合物1小时。使该反应混合物冷却至25℃,关闭搅拌器使沉淀物沉淀(于31℃从THF溶液中沉淀产物)。在部分真空(20mm Hg)下,通过用计量管(粗糙多孔玻璃过滤器)倾析到一个2L园底烧瓶中以除去THF母液。这样可以从容器中除去65%的THF,加入800ml NMP并于25℃继续搅拌5分钟。通过过滤将该反应混合物移到另一个容器中以除去剩余的锌。或者,过滤该固体试剂并在氮气中用压滤漏斗干燥。用THF洗涤滤饼,得到白色固体。干燥该固体1-2小时。一般的回收率为85-90%。该固体可于-20℃储存(至少6个月)。
步骤B研磨方法
用注射器从该反应混合物中移出1.0ml等分量的Reformatsky-NMP/THF溶液并在氮气环境中加入到盛有预先称量量的苯甲醛(250-300mg)的25ml园底烧瓶(安装有磁力搅拌棒)中。于室温下搅拌该反应混合物30分钟。向该烧瓶中加入5.0ml 29%氯化铵水溶液和5.0ml甲基叔-丁基醚(MTBE)。于室温下搅拌该反应混合物5分钟。停止搅拌,用5分钟分离各层。移出1.0ml等分量的有机层并在体积计量烧瓶中用MTBE稀释至25ml。通过气相色谱(GC)分析该溶液以确定剩余的苯甲醛的量。将0.04M、0.01M和0.002M浓度的苯甲醛在MTBE中的标准溶液与样品一起共同注射。样品的浓度由标准溶液的线性图及样品的GC峰面积确定。Reformatsky溶液的浓度采用下列计算确定:
剩余苯甲醛量=样品浓度(g/L)×50×5/2
滴定度(摩尔/L)=苯甲醛预称量-剩余量/106
产率=摩尔/升×溶液总体积/理论100%产率。
滴定度的分析测定值为1.57摩尔,实施例2的摩尔产率为94%。
实施例3
3S-[(2-羟基-1S-苯基乙基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯
将实施例2的产物在NMP/THF(2.6/1,1.5L,1.57M,2.4mol)中的溶液装入一个4L烧瓶中(带夹层,4颈并装有机械搅拌器,特氟隆包裹的温度探头及加料漏斗)。使溶液冷却至-10℃并加入实施例1的亚胺(220.0g,0.96mol)的NMP(0.250L)溶液,其后30分钟维持温度于-3℃。经气相色谱(GC)测定总转化率(低于1%的原料)后,于-10-13℃用15分钟加入29%氯化铵水溶液(1.0L)和2N盐酸(0.5L)的混合液。将该混合液温热至25℃并加入MTBE(1.0L)。搅拌该混合物30分钟,分离各层。用MTBE(0.5L)提取水层。合并有机层并依次用29%的氯化铵(0.5L)、水(0.5L)和盐水(0.5L)溶液洗涤,减压真空浓缩得到含有目的化合物(经GC定量确定,84%(重量),91%产率)3R-[(2-羟基-1S-苯基乙基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯的橙色油状物(366g),(经手性HPLC测定,获得非对映过量(de)80%的混合物)。
通过制备性手性HPLC分离两种异构体以备分析用:
3R-[(2-羟基-1S-苯基乙基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-
1H二甲基乙酯的数据:NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm)0.16(s,9H);1.45(s,9H),2.52(dd(AB),1H,J=5.6,15.3Hz),2.56(dd,(AB),1H,J=5.6,15.3Hz),3.55(dd,1H,J=7.7,5.6Hz),3.59(dd,1H,J=8.5,10.7Hz),3.74(dd,1H,J=4.5,10.8Hz),4.15(dd,1H,J=4.5,8.4Hz),7.27 to 7.34(m,5H);13CNMR(CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.05,28.08,42.22,44.86,67.21,67.47,80.95,88.61,105.00,127.74,128.52,139.69,170.06;DSC:79.68℃(内71.68 J/g),237.33℃(外169.0 J/g);[α]D 25=+179.3°(c=0.36,CHCl3);IR(MIR)ν(cm-1)2167,1735;UV(甲醇)λmax(nm)=204(吸收度=0.37);C20H31NO3Si的微量分析计算值:
C,66.44;H,8.64;N,3.87.
实测值: C,66.34;H,8.88;N,3.89.
3S-[(2-羟基-1S-苯基乙基)氨基]-5-(三甲基乙基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基硅烷基酯的数据: 1H NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm)0.09(s,9H);1.46(s,9H),2.49(dd(AB),1H,J=8.6,15.6Hz),2.59(dd,(AB),1H,J=5.1,15.6Hz),3.59(dd,1H,J=6.5,11.1Hz),3.77(dd,1H,J=4.5,11.1Hz),3.89(dd,1H,J=5.1,8.7Hz),3.97(dd,1H,J=5.1,8.7Hz),7.24 to 7.36(m,5H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ(ppm):-0.11,28.07,42.26,46.15,62.10,65.48,81.16,88.28,105.99,127.33;DSC:252.27℃(外342.3 J/g);[α]D 25=-5.6°(c=1.024,CHCl3);IR(纯品)ν(cm-1)2167,1735;UV(甲醇)λmax(nm)=205(吸收度=0.33);C20H31NO3Si的微量分析计算值:
C,66.44;H,8.64;N,3.87.
实测值: C,66.22;H,8.82;N,3.85.
实施例4
将NaIO4(77.0g,0.36mol)装入烧瓶(500ml)中,加入水(0.330L)并于25℃搅拌该混合物30分钟。通氮气下将实施例3的3S-[(2-羟基-1S-苯基乙基)氨基]-5-(三甲基乙基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯(116.3g,86%(重量),0.277mol)的乙醇溶液(0.520L)装入1L烧瓶(4颈、夹层、并装有机械搅拌器和特氟隆包裹的温度探头),接着加入甲基胺溶液(40%(重量),24ml,0.278mol)。于25℃搅拌5分钟后,分次加入NaIO4在水中的淤浆同时维持温度低于35℃(32+2℃)。加入完毕后,转化完成,将该混合物冷却至3℃并保持该温度3小时。在加压滤器(超粗滤,600ml)上过滤该混合物,氮气真空(Karl-Fisher分析表明剩下5.6%的水)下,干燥滤饼3.5小时。将含有目的化合物和碘酸盐混合物的滤饼装入烧瓶(500ml)中并加入甲苯(130ml)。于30℃搅拌30分钟后过滤该混合物。用甲苯(2×50ml)洗涤该滤饼两次。合并3部分并部分浓缩至161g重量,其中含有53.3%(重量)的目的化合物(由GC定量法测定),产率92%,手性纯度99.9%(由手性HPLC测定)。通过浓缩该溶液分离样品以进行全面鉴定:1HNMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm)0.20(s,9H);1.45(s,9H),2.66(dd(AB),1H,J=7.0,15.0Hz),2.80(dd,(AB),J=7.7,15.0Hz),4.83(dt,1H,J=1.7,7.6Hz),7.38 to7.44(m,3H),7.74 to 7.77(m,2H),8.56(d,1H,J=1.5Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.02,28.09,43.20,56.46,80.75,92.53,103.15,128.47,128.54,130.90;135.90,161.78,169.55;DSC:72.22℃(内.112.4 J/g);[α]D 25=-35.5°(c=1.16,CHCl3);IR(MIR)ν(cm-1)2174,1728,1641;UV(甲醇)λmax(nm)=205(吸收度=1.004),248(吸收度=0.655);C19H27NO2Si的微量分析计算值:
C,69.26;H,8.26;N,4.25.
实测值:C,69.10;H,8.43;N,4.33.
实施例5
1,1-二甲基乙基3S-氨基-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸酯的4-甲基苯磺酸盐
制备实施例4的产物(123.3g,0.374mol)在无水THF(350ml)中的溶液。氮气下将对-甲苯磺酸一水合物(71.2g,0.374mol)加入一个4L夹层反应容器中。该容器连接一个带有10cm特氟隆搅拌叶片的顶部搅拌器。放置热电偶温度计。使反应器夹层冷却至0℃。以250rpm搅拌下,用5分钟通过加料漏斗加入实施例4产物的溶液。反应温度升至10℃。用THF(300ml)漂洗加料漏斗。搅拌15分钟后,该混合物变得均匀。增加搅拌速率至350rpm。用5分钟加入Skellysolve C庚烷(1360ml)。结晶出产物,使搅拌速率增至540rpm。在真空及下列反应条件下,从反应釜中蒸馏出溶剂。将油泵连接到真空调节器上,使之用来调节真空至45mmHg。使夹层温度设置在20℃,用安装有2L接收瓶的干冰/异丙醇冷凝器收集蒸馏液。收集的蒸馏液为900ml。将反应釜置于氮气下,加入另外的庚烷(900ml)。使该淤浆冷却至2℃。通过粗多孔玻璃过滤器真空抽滤收集固体。搅拌下加入庚烷(500ml)和THF(50ml)冲洗反应容器。使反应混合物冷却至10℃并加入滤器中。用庚烷(3×300ml)洗涤滤饼,采用真空和氮气流结合的方式干燥4.5小时以产生目的化合物(145.9g,94%):mp.142℃;1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.32(br,s,3H),7.79(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.15(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.40(dd,J=8.0,6.0Hz,1H),2.89(dd,J=17.0,8.0Hz,1H),2.76(dd,J=17.0,5.0Hz,1H),2.36(s,3H),1.41(s,9H),0.10(s,9H);13C NMR(CDCl3,125MHz)δ168.60,141.55,140.22,128.81(2C),126.11(2C),98.51,92.71,82.02,40.56,38.56,27.95(3C),21.31,-0.53(3C);C19H31NO5SSi的微量分析计算值:
C,55.17;H,7.55;N,3.39.
实测值:C,55.27;H,7.27;N,3.34.
实施例6
将实施例5的产物(500.0g,1.21mol)和对甲苯磺酸一水合物(69.5g,0.365mol)的乙醇(930ml)溶液加热至回流并维持4小时。通过GC确定反应完成。真空浓缩反应混合物。搅拌下加入MTBE(1200ml)至浓缩液中以提供完全溶解。将20%(重量)的碳酸氢钾水溶液(1387g)加入MTBE溶液中。搅拌该双相混合物15分钟。用MTBE(700ml)反萃取水层。用20%(重量)的碳酸氢钾水溶液(306g)第二次提取合并的有机层。真空浓缩有机层。真空减压下与乙醇(900ml)共沸除去水。获得87%产率的所需甲硅烷基保护的游离胺(1.06mol)。向该浓缩液中加入乙醇2B(600ml),接着加入21%(重量)的乙醇钠(在乙醇中,用5%甲苯变性)(39.6ml,0.106mol,0.1当量乙醇钠)。使该反应溶液冷却至室温并搅拌1.5小时。通过GC测定脱甲硅基的完成。在一个分离容器中加入乙醇2B(720ml),接着加入乙酰氯(81.6ml,1.15mol,1.1当量)。该加入用20分钟完成,不使温度升至45℃以上。然后使该溶液冷却至20-25℃。将生成的氯化氢/乙酸乙酯/乙醇溶液加入脱甲硅基反应混合物中。搅拌下用30分钟使反应混合物冷却至25℃,然后于25℃再搅拌30分钟。减压浓缩该反应混合物。使浓缩液冷却至室温,加入甲苯(920ml)。搅拌该混合物20分钟,然后真空浓缩。将甲苯(920ml)加入浓缩液中并搅拌20分钟。过滤收集固体,干燥后得到184.94g粗品目的化合物(86.1%产率)。
将一份粗品目的化合物(80.9g)从乙腈/MTBE中重结晶。向80.0g粗品目的化合物中加入400ml乙腈。加热该混合物至回流并将生成的热的、不透明黄色溶液通过20g已用160ml热的乙腈洗过的硅藻土过滤。真空浓缩滤液,除去195ml溶剂。使浓缩的溶液冷却至45℃。向该溶液中加入195ml MTBE。将生成的不透明的混合物加热至回流,冷却至50℃并搅拌15分钟。使该混合物冷却至40℃并维持15分钟。然后再使该混合物冷却至22℃并过滤。用2×80ml MTBE洗涤生成的固体。经滤器干燥固体10分钟,然后在高真空下干燥2小时,提供72.18g目的化合物。1H NMR(D6-DMSO)δ(ppm)1.21(t,3H,J=7Hz),2.84(dd,1H,J=9,16Hz),3.03(dd,1H,J=5,16Hz),3.70(d,1H,J=2Hz),4.13(q,2H,J=7Hz),4.31(m,1H),8.82(s,3H);13C NMR(D6-DMSO)δ(ppm):13.95,37.5B,38.40,60.71,77.99,78.63,168.42;DSC:125-131℃(内107.2J/g);[α]D 25=-6.7;IR(MIR)ν(cm-1)3252,2128,1726;C7H12NO2Cl的微量分析计算值:
C,47.33;H,6.81;N,7.89,Cl,19.96.
将(S)-苯基甘氨醇(11.74g,0.086mol)加入到盛有500ml 3N RB的安装有机械搅拌器的烧瓶中,接着加入甲苯(110ml)。将该烧瓶置于真空/或用氮气吹洗。加入3,5-二氯苯甲醛(15.0g,0.086mol)。于22℃15分钟后,加入硫酸镁(15g)(放热反应)。于22℃搅拌该混合物1小时,通过粗糙多孔玻璃过滤器过滤。用甲苯(20ml)洗涤滤饼。合并溶液并减压浓缩提供27.00g含有亚胺1a的淡黄色油状物。不需进一步提纯,该粗品可直接用于偶合反应。1HNMR(CDCl3,TMS)亚胺和噁唑啉4/1的混合物。(ppm):(亚胺)3.88 to 3.99(m,2H),4.50(dd,1H,J=4.7,8.1Hz)7.67(d,2H),8.28(s,1H):噁唑啉:5.55和5.70(s,0.5+0.5H),3.72to3.83(m,0.5+0.5H),4.30 to 4.35(m,0.5+0.5H),4.40to 4.48(m,0.5H),4.54 to 4.60(m,0.5H),混合质子:7.15 to 7.47(m(芳族的+CDCl3));13CNMR(CDCl3,TMS)(ppm):亚胺:67.55,76.38,135.13,138.70,140.05,159.72.Oxazoline:60.60,62.80,72.12,72.34,91.05,91.68,135.03,135.41,142.62.混合信号:(芳族)124.86,124.956,125.33,126.53,126.65,126.75,127.38,127.74,127.77,128.11,128.26,128.32,128.72,128.84,128.93,129.06,130.64.
实施例8
将来自实施例2的Reformatsky试剂溶液(189mmol,165ml,1.15M)装入一个1L底部带阀的夹层三颈反应器中(安装有机械搅拌器和加料漏斗)。使该溶液冷却至-10℃。在氮气下制备来自实施例7的亚胺(25.39g,85.8mmol)的NMP(60ml)溶液并加入加料漏斗中。然后用5分钟加入该亚胺溶液同时维持温度于-5℃(夹层为-10℃)。通过GC和TLC(庚烷/乙酸乙酯30%洗脱)监测反应。5分钟后反应基本完成(痕量原料)。再搅拌该混合物1小时,加入2N盐酸/饱和氯化铵溶液(1/2,135ml)的混合液。加入MTBE(200ml)并于23℃搅拌该混合液1小时。停止搅拌,分离各层。用MTBE(100ml)提取水层。合并两份有机层并依次用饱和氯化铵溶液(140ml)、水(140ml)和盐水(140ml)洗涤。该溶液经硫酸镁干燥(30g),过滤和浓缩得到35.2g含有所需产物2a的橙色油状物,为单一非对映异构体(通过1H NMR)。
在分离反应(28.6mmol规模)中,粗产物(11.36g)经层析(二氧化硅,200g,用庚烷/乙酸乙酯30%洗脱)纯化得到所需化合物2a的淡黄色油状物(10.07g,85%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm)1.40(s,9H),2.56(dd(AB),1H,J=5.6,15.4Hz),2.56(dd(AB),1H,J=8.1,15.6 Hz),2.60(s(宽峰),1H),3.62(dd(AB),1H,J=6.8,10.7Hz),3.72(dd,1H,J=4.2,6.8Hz),3.80(dd(AB),1H,J=4.2,6.8Hz),4.11(dd,1H,J=5.8,7.9Hz),7.09to7.29(m,8H,(芳族));13CNMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm):28.00,42.98,57.28,62.24,65.99,81.42,125.69,127.21,127.35,127.60,128.48,134.83,140.78,146.44,170.58;DSC:241.46℃(内180.1J/g);[α]D 25=+6.9°(c=1.025,CHCl3);IR(MIR)(cm-1)1726,1587,1567.C21H25Cl2NO3的微量分析计算值:
C,61.47;H,6.14;N,3.41,Cl,17.27.
实测值:C,59.95;H,6.51;N,3.11,Cl,16.00.
将得自实施例8的粗品酯的乙醇(140ml)溶液加入500ml园底3N烧瓶中。加入甲基胺溶液(8.9ml,0.1mol)。于25℃分次加入NaIO4(0.112mol,25.92g)在水(72ml)中的淤浆同时维持温度30℃(±2℃)。用TLC监测反应。然后于室温下搅拌该反应混合物15小时。加入高碘酸钠(6g,0.026mol)固体。4小时后加入高碘酸钠(6g,0.026mol)固体并使该混合物于30℃加热0.5小时。冷却至25℃后,减压(水吸气器)浓缩该反应混合物。加入MTBE,通过粗糙多孔玻璃过滤器过滤该混合物。分离各层,用水(100ml)洗涤有机层,经硫酸镁(25g)干燥,过滤和减压浓缩得到含有产物3a的橙色油状物30.2g。
用THF(65ml)稀释含有3a的粗品混合物并加入一个安装有机械搅拌器和加料漏斗的500ml园底3N烧瓶中。然后用2分钟加入对-甲苯磺酸一水合物(13.6g,71.6mmol)的THF(20ml)溶液,接着通过加料漏斗加入THF(5ml)的洗液。5分钟后,加入庚烷(65ml)并产生重质沉淀。再加入庚烷(65ml)。0.5小时后,通过粗糙多孔玻璃压力过滤器过滤该淤浆,用庚烷/THF 20%(100ml)和庚烷/THF 33%(150ml)洗涤。然后在真空/氮气下干燥滤饼2小时。收集乳白色固体4a提供25.1g(63%得自实施例7的总收率)的所需化合物。 1HNMR(CDCl3,TMS)(ppm)1.26(s,9H),3.37(s,3H),2.84(dd,(AB),J=9.5,16.3Hz),2.98(dd,(AB),J=5.2,16.2Hz),4.53(m,1H),7.14(d,2H,J=7.9Hz),7.19(t,1H,J=1.8Hz),7.32(d,2H,J=8.1Hz),7.56(d,2H,J=8.1Hz),8.43(s(宽峰),3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm):21.37,27.80,39.47,51.36,81.85,125.77,126.43,129.01,129.06,135.17,139.14,140.59,140.69,168.06.DSC:120.30℃(80.71J/Kg),242.63(吸热的,100.3J/g)[α]D 25=+37.4(c=0.147,CHCl3);IR(MIR)(cm-1)1726,1587,1567.C20H25Cl2NO2S的微量分析实测值:
C,51.65;H,5.64;N,3.01,Cl,15.13;S:7.00.
计算值:C,51.95;H,5.45;N,3.03,Cl,15.33,S:7.02.
根据实施例7所述制备亚胺的一般方法,由S-苯基甘氨醇(27.449,0.2mol)、苯甲醛(21.75g,0.205mol)的甲苯(200ml)溶液和硫酸镁(8.0g)制备1b化合物。使该粗品混合物在庚烷(100ml)中制成淤浆并经过滤提供为白色固体(40.07g,88.9%)的1b化合物。
根据实施例8所述Reformatsky偶合的一般方法,由得自实施例2的Reformatsky试剂(1.38M于NMP/THF(3/2),0.22mol,160ml)和亚胺1c(22.53g,0.1mol)在NMP(20ml)中的溶液制备2b化合物,提供含有2b化合物的黄色油状物(33.24g,97.3%),为单一的非对映异构体(如通过1H HMP和GC测定)。该粗产物可不经提纯而直接用于下一步骤。
粗产物的样品经层析(二氧化硅,300g,用庚烷/乙酸乙酯40%洗脱)纯化得到为淡黄色油状物的所需化合物。 1HNMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm)1.40(s,9H),2.60(dd,1H(AB),J=5.8,15.3Hz),2.67(dd,1H(AB),J=8.515 4Hz),3.58(dd,1H,J=6.2,10.9Hz),3.71(dd,1H,J=6.3,4.4),3.84(dd,1H,J=4.3,10.9Hz),4.19(dd,1H(AB),J=5.8,8.3Hz),7.18to7.29(m,10H);13C NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm):28.01,43.54,57.39,61.21,80.90,126.92,127.17,127.34,127.37,128.44,128.47,141.61,142.60,171.25;DSC:226.60℃(内113.1J/g);[α]D 25=+19.5℃(c=1.2,CHCl3);IR(MIR)(cm-1)1720.C21H27NO3的微量分析计算值:
C,73.87;H,7.97;N,4.10.
实测值:C,73.87;H,7.94;N,3.97.
实施例13
根据实施例9所述氧化裂解的一般方法,由高碘酸钠(19.57g,0.091mol)和甲基胺(40%(重量)在水中,5.56ml,0.77m0l),及在乙醇(105ml)中的氨基醇(27.379,0.075mol,粗品)、水(65ml)制备亚胺3b(17小时)。经后处理和浓缩后,获得含有所述苯基亚胺3b的粗混合物(19.8g)。
根据实施例10所述制备PTSA盐的一般方法,用PTSA.H2O(10.72g,0.057mol)的THF(15ml)溶液在THF(50ml)中水解实施例13的苯基亚胺3b。加入庚烷(100ml),将该混合物加热至35℃30分钟,随后缓慢冷却至0℃。过滤并用30%THF/庚烷(100ml)洗涤得到为乳白色固体的所述盐4b(19.28g,49%得自实施例12的总产率)。
1H NMR(DMSO D6,TMS)δ(ppm)1.26(s,9H),2.29(s,3H),2.81(ad,1H,J=9.2,15.6Hz)2.99(dd,1H,J=5.8,15.8Hz),4.55(m,1H),7.11(d,2H,7.8Hz),7.38to7.49(m,8H),8.31(s(宽峰),3H);13C NMR(DMSO D6,TMS)δ(ppm):20.77,27.45,51.20,80.84,125.48,127.69,128.18,128.58,128.88,136.41,138.06,145.00,168.05.DSC:107.62℃(内177.9J/Kg),161.73(内,2.77J/g),174.49(内9.54J/g),236.51(内354.2J/g)[α]D 25=-2.5°(c=0.91,CHCl3);IR(MIR)(cm-1)1725.C20H27NO5S的微量分析计算值:
C,61.05;H,6.92;N,3.56;S,8.15.
实测值:C,60.13;H,7.03;N,3.53;S,8.46.MS-CDI/NH3/CH4 M+2223,M+1222,166,149,106。
实施例15
根据实施例7所述制备亚胺的一般方法,由S-苯基甘氨醇(27.44g,0.2mol)、3-吡啶苯甲醛(21.96g,0.205mol)的甲苯(120ml)溶液及硫酸镁(8g)制备化合物1c。将该粗品亚胺在庚烷(100ml)中制成淤浆,搅拌2小时并过滤提供为白色粉末的42.25g(93.3%产率)的1c亚胺。
根据实施例8所述Reformatsky偶合的一般方法,由得自实施例2的Reformatsky试剂(1.36M于NMP/THF(3/2),0.164mol,121ml)和来自实施例15亚胺1c(17.0g,0.075mol)在NMP(20ml)中的溶液制备2c化合物。调节提取得到17g粗品混合物。再次进行提取,将氯化铵饱和溶液(50ml)加入水层中,接着用MTBE提取。重复该操作,合并MTBE层并按常用方法洗涤得到另外10.35g粗品混合物。合并粗品混合物提供含有2c化合物的橙色油状物27.85g(25.69g,100%),为单一的非对映异构体(通过1H NMR和GC测定)。该粗产物可不经提纯而直接用于下一步骤。
粗产物的样品经层析(二氧化硅,50g,用庚烷/乙酸乙酯60%洗脱)纯化并从MTBE/庚烷(4/1)中重结晶得到为白色固体的所需化合物。 1H NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm)1.38(s,9H),2.60(dd(AB),1H,J=5.7,15.6Hz),2.71(dd(AB),1H,J=8.1,15.5Hz),3.60(dd(AB),1H,J=6.8,10.5Hz),3.72 to 3.80(m,2H),4.20(dd,1H,J=5.8,8.1Hz),7.13to7.23(m,6H,(芳族)),7.62(dt,1H,J=1.8,8.0Hz),8.46(dd,1H,J=1.6,5.0Hz),8.54(d,1H,J=1.9Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm):26.72,27.75,27.84,42.46,55.59,62.83,66.10,81.07,123.58,127.16,127.25,128.17,136.11,139.40,140.66,147.60,148.32,170.19;DSC:85.75℃(内133.4J/g);[α]D 25=+17.3°(c=1.035,CHCl3);IR(MIR)(cm-1)1718.UV max(nm)=205(吸收度=0.48),261(吸收度=0.096),268(吸收度=0.073)C20H26N2O3的微量分析计算值:
C,70.15;H,7.65;N,8.18.
实测值:C,70.24;H,7.79;N,8.02.
根据实施例9所述氧化裂解的一般方法,由高碘酸钠(19.57g,0.091mol)、甲基胺(40%(重量)在水中,5.56ml,0.77mol),及在乙醇(105ml)中的2c氨基醇(27.37g,0.075mol,粗品)、水(65ml)制备亚胺3c(17小时)。经后处理和浓缩后,获得含有所述苯基亚胺3c的粗产物(19.89)。
根据实施例10所述形成PTSA盐的一般方法,用PTSA:H2O(10.72g,0.057mol)的THF(15ml)溶液在THF(50ml)中水解苯基亚胺3c。加入庚烷(100ml),将该混合物加热至35℃30分钟,随后缓慢冷却至0℃。过滤并用30%THF/庚烷(100ml)洗涤得到为乳白色固体的所述盐4c(19.28g,65%得自实施例16的总产率)。
1H NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm)1.24(s,9H),2.35(s,3H),2.90(dd,1H,(AB),J=8.87,16.6Hz),3.09(dd,1H(AB),J=5.8,16.6Hz),4.71(dd,1H,J=6.0,8.9Hz),7.09(d,2H,J=7.9 Hz),7.19(dd,1H,J=4.9,7.9Hz),7.57(d,2H,J=8.1Hz),7.99(da,1H,1.7,8.1Hz),8.46(ad,1H,J=1.4,5.0Hz),8.70(d,1H,1.9Hz);13C NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm):21.30,27.72,38.99,49.86,81.95,124.16,125.84,128.95,132.52,137.18,140.46,141.22,148.28,148.57,168.34.DSC:113.62℃(内68.41 J/Kg),159.9(内,162.88 J/g)[α]D 25=-1.5(c=0.998,CHCl3);IR(MIR)(cm-1)2116,1721,1540.C19H26N2O5S的微量分析实测值:
C,57.85;H,6.64;N,7.10;S,8.13.
计算值:C,57.15;H,6.46;N,6.44;S,8.38.MS-CD/NH3/CH4 M+2224,M+1223,195,167,150,107。
根据实施例7所述制备亚胺的一般方法,由L-苯基甘氨醇(10.00g.0.073mol)、三甲基乙醛(6.59g,0.076mol)的甲苯(50ml)溶液及硫酸镁(作为干燥剂,2.7g)制备1e化合物,提供为澄清油状的亚胺1e(14.41g),其可用于以下实施例而不需进一步纯化。
用15分钟将亚胺1e的DMSO(30ml)溶液加入到来自实施例2的Reformatsky试剂(57.50g,0.173mol)的DMSO(80ml)溶液中同时冷却至8℃。加入后,使该混合物保持于22℃并搅拌22小时。然后加入作为固体的来自实施例2的Reformatsky试剂(23.00g,0.069mol)。于22℃再搅拌该混合物8小时(经GC测定89%转化)。然后加入氯化铵饱和水溶液(100ml)并用MTBE(2×100ml)提取该混合物。合并有机层,用饱和氯化铵溶液(100ml)、水(100ml)、盐水(100ml)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥。过滤和浓缩得到含有化合物2e的黄色油状物(17.57g)的粗品混合物,其可不经纯化而用于下列实施例中。将产物的样品经层析(二氧化硅,300g,用庚烷/乙酸乙酯40%洗脱)纯化得到为淡黄色油状的所需化合物。 1H NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm)0.83(s,9H),1.46(s,9H),2.24(dd(AB),1H,J=5.4,15.4Hz),2.51(dd(AB),1H,5.3,15.5Hz),2.67(t,1H,J=5.4Hz),3.53(dd(AB),1H,J=9.0,10.8Hz),3.67(dd,1H,J=4.3,10.8Hz),3.85(dd,J=4.27,8.8Hz),7.23to7.34(m,5H);13C NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm):26.68,28.06,35.04,37.87,60.80,62.73,67.33,80.48,127.42,127.75.128.35.C19H31NO3的微量分析计算值:
C,70.99;H,9.72;N,4.36.
实测值:C,69.91;H,9.98;N,4.15.
用甲醇(520ml)稀释含有来自实施例20的3e化合物的粗产物,冷却至0℃并加入四乙酸铅(23.40g,0.0536mol)。于0℃搅拌生成的橙色溶液1小时。加入15%的氢氧化钠水溶液(100ml)并使该混合物保持在22℃,减压浓缩除去甲醇。加入MTBE,过滤该混合物并分离各层。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤和浓缩提供14.30g含3e的黄色油状物。
将含有得自实施例21的3e的粗品油状物溶于MTBE(38ml)中,加入对甲苯磺酸(8.24g,0.043g)。15分钟后,加入庚烷(150ml),过滤所形成的淤浆得到13.86g含有所述盐(带有部分杂质)的白色固体。通过在MTBE/庚烷中再制成淤浆纯化该化合物,接着在氮气/真空(压力滤器)下过滤得到11.83g产物4e(得自实施例19的总产率为43.4%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm)1.01(s,9H),1.41(s,1H),2.35(s,3H),2.55(dd,1H,J=4.0,17.7Hz),2.66(dd,1H,J=9.0,17.6Hz),3.28(m,1H),7.15(d,2H),7.75(d,2H),7.80(s(宽峰),3H);13C NMR(DMSO D6,TMS)δ(ppm):21.28,26.00,27.92,33.22,33.83,57.38,82.12,126.08,128.70,139.92,141.98,170.96 DSC:117.11℃(内65.14 J/Kg),147.84℃(内93.35J/g);[α]D 25=-24.7°(c=0.777,CHCl3);IR(MIR)(cm-1)1718.C18H31NO5S的微量分析计算值:
C,57.88;H,8.37;N,3.75;S,8.58.
实测值:C,57.64;H,8.46;N,3.58;S,8.80.
根据实施例22所述制备亚胺的一般方法,由L-苯基甘氨醇(10.00g.0.073mol)、异丁醛(6.59g,0.076mol)的甲苯(50ml)溶液及硫酸镁(作为干燥剂,2.9g)制备1f化合物,提供为黄色油状的1f亚胺15.40g,其可用于以下实施例而不需进一步纯化。
用15分钟将实施例23产生的亚胺1f的DMSO(30ml)溶液加入到来自实施例2的Reformatsky试剂(57.50g,0.173mol)的DMSO(80ml)溶液中同时冷却至8℃。使该混合物保持于22℃并搅拌16小时。然后再加入作为固体的来自实施例2的另外的Reformatsky试剂(2.50g,0.008mol)并于22℃再搅拌该混合物4小时(经GC测定92%转化率)。然后加入饱和的氯化铵水溶液(100ml)。用MTBE(2×100ml)提取该混合物。合并有机层,用饱和氯化铵溶液(100ml)、水(100ml)、盐水(100ml)洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥。过滤和浓缩得到含有化合物2f的黄色油状物(20.1g,得自实施例23的总产率为85.65%),其可不经纯化而使用。产物的样品经层析(二氧化硅,300g,用庚烷/乙酸乙酯40%洗脱)纯化得到为淡黄色油状的所需化合物2f。
1H NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ(ppm)0.68(d,3H,
J=6.5Hz),0.83(2H,J=6.6Hz),1.19(m,1H),1.32(m,
1H),1.46(s,9H),1.61(s,1H),2.26(dd(AB),1H,J=
5.70,14.62Hz),2.38(dd(AB),1H,J=5.71,14.57Hz),
2.92(m,1H),3.51(dd(AB),1H,J=10.75,8.54Hz),3.69
(dd(AB),1H,J=4.32,10.72Hz),3.84(dd,1H,J=8.49,
4.44Hz),7.23 to 7.35(m,5H);13C NMR(CDCl3,TMS)δ
(ppm):22.26,22.94,24.68,28.13,40.41,44.95,50.47,
61.77,67.00,80.55,127.29,127.49,128.50,141.51.
171.96.DSC:171.62℃(内、36.3J/g),224.06℃(234.5
J/g),281.65℃(内234.5 J/g);[α]D 25=+49°(c=1.005,
CHCl3);IR(MIR)(cm-1)3428,3331,1721.C19H31NO3的微量分析计算值:
C,70.99;H,9.72;N,4.36.
实测值: C,69.29;H,9.75;N,4.08.
在氮气下,将新蒸馏的2-糠醛(26.73g;0.278mol)溶于在500ml 3颈烧瓶(在磁力搅拌下)中的甲苯(100ml)中。放置热电偶温度计。加入L-苯基甘氨醇(38.16g,0.278mol)。冰冷却下搅拌该混合物30分钟。加入硫酸镁(33.5g,0.278mol)。再搅拌30分钟后,过滤除去硫酸镁。通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂。搅拌下加入庚烷(100ml)。真空干燥生成的黄色固体(54.72g;91.4%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.17(s,1H),7.54(d,J=1.75Hz),7.43-7.25(m,5H),6.78(dd,J=3.4,0.7Hz,1H),6.48(dd,J=3.4,1.8Hz,1H),4.43(dd,J=8.6,4.5Hz,1H),4.03(dd,J=11.3,8.6Hz,1H),3.90(dd,J=11.3,4.4Hz,1H).13C NMR(CDCl3)δ151.52,151.16,144.99,140.42,128.61,127.51,127.32,114.91,111.75,77.19,67.50ppm.IRν3257,2956,2920,2885,2858,1649,1486,1473,1448,1415,1393,1367,1280,1152,1077,1054,1023,931,883,746,701 cm-1.[α]599=-99.7 °(c1.008,CHCl3).C13H13NO2的微量分析计算值:
C,72.54;H,6.09;N,6.51.
实测值:C,72.57;H,6.34;N,6.51.
在氮气中,将来自实施例2的(溴化锌)乙酸叔-丁酯的N-甲基吡咯烷酮(43ml的1.36M溶液;58.07mmol)溶液加入一个250ml 3颈烧瓶中。该容器中安装有顶部机械搅拌器和带有自动温度控制的冷却浴。使该溶液冷却至-5℃。通过加料漏斗加入来自实施例25的亚胺(5.00g,23.23mmol)的NMP(40ml)溶液。搅拌3.5小时后,通过加入2N盐酸(30ml)和饱和的氯化铵水溶液(60ml)使该混合物骤冷。用MTBE(2×100ml)提取该混合物。用氯化铵溶液(50ml)、水(50ml)和氯化钠溶液(50ml)洗涤合并的提取物。干燥(硫酸钠)该溶液,真空除去溶剂。粗产物(黄色油,7.3g)经硅胶层析纯化,用庚烷/MTBE(2∶1)洗脱得到所需产物(5.43;70.5%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):7.29-7.19(m,6H),6.21(dd,J=3.2,1.8Hz,1H),6.07(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),4.25(dd,J=7.7,6.2Hz,1H),3.79-3.75(m,2H),3.55(dd,J=12.0,7.9Hz,1H),2.71-2.65(m,2H),1.44(s,9H).13C NMR(CDCl3)δ(ppm):170.96,155.28,141.62,141.44,128.43,127.39,127.08,109.94,106.29,81.01,66.09,61.69,51.41,40.74,28.03.IRν3427,2974,2929,2870,1720,1452,1365,1147cm-1.[α]589=7.6°(c 0.983,CHCl3).
在氮气中,将得自实施例26的氨基醇(4.88g;14.72mmol)溶于在100ml的3-颈烧瓶(在磁力搅拌下)中的乙醇(30ml)中。通过注射器加入甲基胺(1.30ml的40%水溶液;15.1mmol)。于30℃分批加入高碘酸钠(3.55g;16.6mmol)的水(24ml)溶液。使用冰冷却保持该反应温度低于30℃。于25℃搅拌该反应混合物2小时,然后冷却至0℃。通过用MTBE(100ml)洗涤的玻璃多孔漏斗过滤该混合物。用水(50ml)和氯化钠溶液(50ml)洗涤该滤液。合并的水相用MTBE(50ml)提取。用氯化钠溶液(30ml)洗涤该提取物。干燥(硫酸钠)合并的有机相,真空除去溶剂得到橙色粗制油(4.10g)。将其溶于THF(10ml)中并于0℃搅拌下加入到对甲苯磺酸(2.35g,12.33mmol)中。加入庚烷(25ml)使某些物质呈油状物从溶液中析出。加入更多的庚烷(25ml)并继续搅拌直至该物质固化。破碎该物质,过滤收集,用庚烷/THF(3∶1,20ml)洗涤得到淡黄色固体(4.39g;78%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.23(br,s,3H),7.67(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.23-7.22(m,1H),7.12(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.40(d,J=3.4Hz,1H),6.22(dd,J=3.3,1.8Hz,1H),4.72(br,m,1H),2.96(m,2H),2.35(s,3H),1.32(s,9H).13C NMR(CDCl3)δ(ppm):168.80,148.60,142.89,141.45,140.24,128.80,126.03,110.60,109.47,81.74,45.67,36.77,27.83,21.31.C18H25NO6S.1/2H2O的微量分析计算值:
C,55.09;H,6.42;N,3.57.
实测值:C,55.08;H,6.69;N,3.83.
Claims (19)
1.制备下式手性β-氨基酸的方法:该方法包括用L-苯基甘氨醇处理3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-丙炔醛产生αS-[[3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-亚丙炔基]氨基]苯乙醇;使αS-[[3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-亚丙炔基]氨基]苯乙醇与BrZnCH2CO2t-Bu反应生成3S-[(2-羟基-1S-苯基乙基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯;使3S-[(2-羟基-1S-苯基乙基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯与高碘酸钠反应形成3S-[(苯基亚甲基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯;水解3S-[(苯基亚甲基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯产生3S-氨基-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯;然后对3S-氨基-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯进行酯基转移作用和脱甲硅基作用产生3S-氨基-4-戊炔酸乙酯。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中用L-苯基甘氨醇在甲苯中处理3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-丙炔醛。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中使αS-[[3-(三甲基硅烷基)-2-亚丙炔基]氨基]苯乙醇与BrZnCH2CO2t-Bu在THF/NMP中反应。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中使3S-[(2-羟基-1-S-苯基乙基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基酯在甲基胺存在下,在乙醇/水中与高碘酸钠反应。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中在对甲苯磺酸存在下,在MTBE、THF或甲苯中水解3S-[(苯基亚甲基)氨基]-5-(三甲基硅烷基)-4-戊炔酸1,1-二甲基乙酯。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中R为苯基。
8.权利要求6的方法,其中R为3,5-二氯苯基。
9.权利要求6的方法,其中R为3-吡啶基。
10.权利要求6的方法,其中R为2-呋喃基。
11.权利要求6的方法,其中R为叔-基。
12.权利要求6的方法,其中R为异丙基。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中R为苯基。
15.权利要求13的方法,其中R为3,5-二氯苯基。
16.权利要求13的方法,其中R为3-吡啶基。
17.权利要求13的方法,其中R为2-呋喃基。
18.权利要求13的方法,其中R为叔-丁基。
19.权利要求13的方法,其中R为异丙基。
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US8716226B2 (en) | 2012-07-18 | 2014-05-06 | Saint Louis University | 3,5 phenyl-substituted beta amino acid derivatives as integrin antagonists |
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CN103429567A (zh) * | 2010-12-23 | 2013-12-04 | 迪弗奇姆公司 | 制备手性氨基酸的方法 |
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ZA976138B (en) | 1998-07-10 |
CA2258712C (en) | 2008-01-08 |
AU3586097A (en) | 1998-02-09 |
HK1019874A1 (en) | 2000-03-03 |
CA2258712A1 (en) | 1998-01-22 |
DE69709742T2 (de) | 2002-08-08 |
WO1998002410A1 (en) | 1998-01-22 |
DK0912495T3 (da) | 2002-05-21 |
CN1119321C (zh) | 2003-08-27 |
ATE209179T1 (de) | 2001-12-15 |
JP2000514809A (ja) | 2000-11-07 |
PT912495E (pt) | 2002-04-29 |
EP0912495A1 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
DE69709742D1 (de) | 2002-02-21 |
EP0912495B1 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
ES2167758T3 (es) | 2002-05-16 |
TW404936B (en) | 2000-09-11 |
US5840961A (en) | 1998-11-24 |
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