CN1199405A - 氯乙烯、烯丙基、缩水甘油醚和乙烯酯的共聚物及其生产方法 - Google Patents

氯乙烯、烯丙基、缩水甘油醚和乙烯酯的共聚物及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN1199405A
CN1199405A CN96197499A CN96197499A CN1199405A CN 1199405 A CN1199405 A CN 1199405A CN 96197499 A CN96197499 A CN 96197499A CN 96197499 A CN96197499 A CN 96197499A CN 1199405 A CN1199405 A CN 1199405A
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vinyl
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H·S·帕克
D·A·斯特里克勒尔
A·A·帕克尔
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Pilkington North America Inc
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Libbey Owens Ford Co
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Abstract

本发明提供将氯乙烯与烯丙基· 缩水甘油醚和乙烯酯共聚的改进的方法。如此形成的共聚物包含70—99%(重量)氯乙烯、0.05—15%(重量)烯丙基·缩水甘油醚和0.05—15%(重量)乙烯酯(最好是乙酸乙烯酯)。可以将本发明的共聚物进行混料,以提供表现出热稳定性较高、雾度低和与固体表面(诸如玻璃和金属)粘性好的薄膜。如此获得的混合树脂可能特别有利地用来形成层压安全窗用玻璃(诸如车辆风挡和建筑物窗用玻璃)的中间层。

Description

氯乙烯、烯丙基·缩水甘油醚和乙烯酯的 共聚物及其生产方法
                      发明领域
本发明涉及氯乙烯与烯丙基·缩水甘油醚和乙烯酯的共聚物。更具体地讲,本发明涉及将氯乙烯与烯丙基·缩水甘油醚和乙烯酯(最好是乙酸乙烯酯)聚合的悬浮聚合法,以生产形成薄膜的热稳定性好、雾度低、粘性好的树脂。
                    相关技术概述
众所周知氯乙烯可以均聚,也可以与多种单体共聚。多年来,那些聚合物已经广泛地用于多种应用中。多年来已经进行了许多努力,以改进这些聚合物的物理性质,具体目标通常是将共聚单体加入氯乙烯中,以增加加工条件下聚合物的热塑性流动,改进聚合物的溶解度特性,同时保留氯乙烯均聚物的韧性和一般的良好物理性质。一般来说,氯乙烯的共聚已经成为降低将树脂制成所需最终制品的所需加工条件严格性的另一方法。
氯乙烯与乙酸乙烯酯共聚单体的共聚物是迄今氯乙烯共聚物中最重要的工业产物。乙酸乙烯酯的含量通常为大约3-20%,分子量的范围可以由非常低至中等高的分子量。结合乙酸乙烯酯的水平越高,胶体在聚合期间不稳定的倾向就越大。可以根据树脂所需的性质,通过溶液聚合、乳液聚合或悬浮聚合制备这些共聚物。美国专利2,075,575中公开了这一溶液聚合的细节,而在美国专利3,172,877中描述了悬浮聚合的细节。这些氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物树脂在工业上已经主要用于地砖的制备。
大家也知道,氯乙烯与乙烯或丙烯的共聚物提供一种有效方法,降低与低水平共聚单体的共聚物的玻璃化转变温度,提高非刚性应用的柔性。这些烯烃起降解性链转移剂的作用,由此倾向于延迟氯乙烯的聚合速率。除非使用高活性的引发剂,否则聚合变得非常迟缓。在美国专利3,501,440中指出了氯乙烯与乙烯的聚合。在美国专利3,468,859中描述了氯乙烯与乙烯的聚合。
大家也已知将乙烯酯与氯乙烯共聚,开发出一种适用作以溶剂溶液应用的表面涂层的材料,或改进聚氯乙烯的可加工性。可以在美国专利3,168,594中发现制造这类共聚物的悬浮聚合和乳液聚合技术。
将丙烯酸酯或丙烯腈加入氯乙烯聚合物中,改变其性质和适当的最终使用的应用。与长链丙烯酸酯的共聚物提供低玻璃化转变温度,提高粘性和挠性。与丙烯腈的共聚物产生适于形成纤维和薄膜的树脂。已经按照美国专利2,603,620中描述的方法,通过乳液进行大多数氯乙烯与丙烯腈的共聚。由于单体活性比的巨大差异,难以合成化学同质的氯乙烯与丙烯腈的共聚物。美国专利3,230,206提出了控制这一共聚物化学异质性的技术。
已经将官能团加入聚氯乙烯树脂中,通常制造保护性好的涂料。那些官能团改进树脂的耐磨性并赋予树脂挠性。美国专利2,147,154公开了一个方法,通过氯乙烯与丙烯酸在乳液中聚合结合羧基官能团。如美国专利2,852,499中所述,已经通过氯乙烯与乙酸乙烯酯聚合,随后皂化该共聚物,将羟基官能团带入该聚合物中。如美国专利3,036,039中所述,氯乙烯也已经与烯丙醇和延胡索酸二丁酯共聚。在缺乏任何溶剂的情况下,于120℃将烯丙醇、氯乙烯和延胡索酸二丁酯的混合物聚合。
在美国专利3,632,542中公开了一个方法,将氯乙烯与乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯共聚。产生的共聚物含有5-25%乙烯、10-35%氯乙烯和40-85%乙烯酯。这些共聚物计划通过含水碱形成抗水解性好的薄膜。
在美国专利4,382,996和4,389,508中Mori等提出一个层压安全玻璃中间层薄膜的制备方法。该薄膜用热塑性树脂制备,后者由80-98.5%(重量)氯乙烯、1-10%(重量)甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和0.5-10%(重量)乙烯构成。中间层表明具有优越的抗渗透性、良好的粘合可处理性和高粘合强度。
在美国专利5,091,487中,Hori等讨论了形成由颗粒(每个颗粒的颗粒直径最大为5μm)组成的氯乙烯树脂的乳液聚合方法。树脂颗粒由包含氯乙烯和含环氧基的单体的共聚物形成,其中颗粒外部的环氧基含量高于颗粒内部的环氧基含量。尽管提到各种聚合方法,但所有说明性实施例都为氯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的乳液聚合。然后将此形成的氯乙烯树脂包含在增塑糊中,可以将其置于两个玻璃片材之间,允许通过加热形成层压安全玻璃进行胶凝。然而,用Hori等的方法获得的树脂不适用于压延过程或挤塑过程,需要相对高的温度以获得适当的粘性,并似乎产生雾度高的安全玻璃。
因此,尽管至今取得了所有的进展,但仍要开发出热稳定性高,雾度低、粘合性好并需要的加工温度低的氯乙烯聚合物。
                      发明概要
本发明涉及氯乙烯与烯丙基·缩水甘油醚和乙烯酯共聚的方法。具体地说,如此形成的共聚物由70-99%(重量)氯乙烯、0.05-15%(重量)烯丙基·缩水甘油醚和0.05-15(重量)乙烯酯(最好为乙酸乙烯酯)组成。可以可选地包含至多20%(重量)、但最好不超过10%(重量)的其它共聚单体。这类最好可以包含的可共聚单体的实例为乙烯基醚。最好是烷基乙烯基醚,诸如十八烷基·乙烯基醚。
本发明的共聚物可以进行混料,以提供表现出热稳定性较高、雾度低和与固体表面(诸如玻璃和金属)粘性好的薄膜。尤其是如此获得的混合树脂最好可以用来形成层压安全窗用玻璃(诸如车辆风挡和建筑物窗用玻璃)的中间层。
                优选实施方案的描述
本发明涉及可选地在一种或多种其它可共聚单体存在下氯乙烯与烯丙基·缩水甘油醚和乙烯酯的共聚。人们相信包含乙烯酯导致粘性的提高。人们也相信烯丙基·缩水甘油醚的存在赋予聚合物较高的热稳定性,并且提供的较高粘性也超过单独包含乙烯酯提供的粘性。此外烯丙基·缩水甘油醚与乙烯酯的组合物提供的雾度也意外地低。本发明聚合物的目的在于进行混料,以制造热稳定性高、雾度低和粘性好的薄膜。我们注意到表现出热稳定性好的聚合物也表现出好的光稳定性。
通过悬浮聚合、乳液聚合或溶液聚合,可以生产本发明的聚合物。然而,当聚合物要用于需要雾度低、粘性好和加工温度低的应用时,迄今推荐悬浮聚合。用于乳液聚合中的高表面活性剂水平干扰粘性。此外,由乳液聚合产生的粒度相对小的聚合物妨碍通过压延或挤塑进行加工,将进一步的加工限于增塑糊融合(包括安全玻璃层压制品的形成),增塑糊融合需要的热定型加工温度高于多种应用需要的温度。由于所得聚合物的分子量限于低于所需的水平,因此溶液聚合不适合于许多应用。也有溶液聚合有关的环境和成本考虑。单体
通过聚合至少三种单体生产本发明的共聚物。此外,可以将其它共聚单体加入该聚合物中。氯乙烯的水平保持大约70-99%(重量)。烯丙基·缩水甘油醚的适宜含量至少为0.05%(重量)。如果烯丙基·缩水甘油醚的量超过15%,那么共聚物的分子量可能太低,使得聚合物的拉伸强度和冲击强度不足用于许多应用的共聚物。为了减小单独用过量烯丙基·缩水甘油醚可能产生的胶凝,并因此赋予聚合物足够的可加工性和与固体表面(诸如金属和玻璃)粘性,共聚物应该具有至少0.05%(重量)的乙烯酯。适宜的乙烯酯包括乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯等,最好是乙酸乙烯酯。
在聚合期间或在混料阶段加入适当种类的硅烷化合物,也可以显著提高该共聚物的粘性。如果包含高于15%(重量)的乙烯酯,那么不利地影响聚合期间胶体的稳定性,聚合物的干燥变得异常困难,并且所得聚合物的多孔性太低,不能在混料期间满意地吸收添加剂。
其它可共聚的共聚单体包括单体酯,诸如丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙酯等;单体醚,诸如异丁基·乙烯基醚、三羟甲基丙烷单烯丙基醚、烯丙醚、十八醚等;烯烃,诸如乙烯、丙烯等;单体烃类,诸如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯等;丙烯腈;单体胺,诸如2-乙烯基吡啶、烯丙基二甲胺等;单体硅烷,诸如乙烯基三乙酸基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰基丙基三甲氧基硅烷等;单体酮,诸如甲基·乙烯基酮、α-乙酸基苯乙烯等等。溶剂
在悬浮聚合中,溶剂通常为去离子水。可以加入少量烃类或极性溶剂(诸如己烷或甲醇),以助于引发剂的均匀分散。去离子水的用量最好等于或高于100份/100份单体(phm)。引发剂
按照本发明方法,使用可与烃类溶剂混溶的引发剂。那些引发剂的实例包括过氧化二酰基,诸如过氧化月桂酰基、过氧化苯甲酰基等;过二碳酸酯,诸如过二碳酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、过二碳酸二仲丁酯等;过氧酯,诸如过新癸酸叔丁酯、过新戊酸叔丁酯等;过氧化物,诸如过氧化乙酰基(acethyl)环己基磺酰基、过氧化3,4,5-三甲基己酰基等;氮杂化合物,诸如氮杂双2,4-二甲基戊腈、氮杂双(4-甲氧基-2,4-二甲基戊腈)等等。作为选择,也可以使用可与水混溶的引发剂。
引发剂可以单个使用或以两种或多种的组合物使用,以保持在整个聚合过程中自由基的稳定水平。一般来说,引发剂或引发剂混合物的用量范围大约为0.01-0.5phm。在快速聚合或分子量极低的聚合物的情况下,如果可以适当处理聚合的热,那么引发剂的用量可以高于0.5phm。乳化剂
本发明对乳化剂的选择不施加任何限制。可使用市售的任何分散剂。适宜乳化剂的实例包括水溶性纤维素酯,诸如羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素等;水溶性聚合物,诸如部分皂化的聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸、明胶等;非离子表面活性剂,诸如山梨醇单月桂酸酯、聚环氧乙烷山梨醇硬脂酸酯等等。这些乳化剂通常以两种或多种的组合物使用,以增加通过搅拌形成的悬浮液滴的稳定性,并同时平衡树脂的性质。乳化剂的推荐浓度为大约0.03-0.5phm。阻聚剂
当大约50-90%的氯乙烯转化为聚氯乙烯时,终止聚合。通常加入抑制聚合的阻聚剂或稳定剂终止聚合。一个稳定剂的实例是含硫有机锡稳定剂,特别是二正丁基锡、S,S’-双-(巯基乙酸异辛酯)以及有机亚磷酸酯和它们的盐。其它阻聚剂实例包括α-甲基苯乙烯、氢醌、双酚-A;硫醇;丙酮缩氨基硫脲;和胺。阻聚剂的用量最好为大约0.005-2phm。其它添加剂
可以将其它添加剂加入上述组分中,以按照本发明进行聚合。这类其它添加剂的实例包括积垢抑制剂,诸如硝酸、草酸等;消泡剂,诸如二甲基硅氧烷、环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷嵌段聚合物等;链转移剂,诸如三氯乙烯、巯基乙醇等;螯合剂,诸如二亚乙基三胺五乙酸、亚乙基二胺四乙酸等等。可以加入的其它添加剂包括三烷氧基有机官能硅烷家族,后者在随后的混料中以及在树脂成品的最终使用中可以起消泡剂和粘合促进剂或偶联剂的作用。这些硅烷偶联剂可以为乙烯基官能型,因此可以进行化学共聚;或它们可以是可以在聚合或聚合后期间在干燥前引入浆料的其它类型。正如本领域技术人员已知的,可以加入任何适量的这些添加剂。悬浮聚合
按照本发明的悬浮聚合可以分批或半分批进行。通常最好是半分批,以便当活性比差异相当大时,得到均匀的共聚物组合物。由于分批聚合简单并且操作成本低,因此主要利用分批聚合。在分批聚合中,在开始聚合前,将所有组分装入干净的反应器中。该反应器可以用不锈钢制造或衬上玻璃。加入所有组分后,将该反应器加热至范围为40-80℃的预定温度,同时进行适当的搅拌。转化和多孔性的考虑决定总聚合时间的容许限度,通常为3-15小时。当反应器液面上空间的压力下降至预定水平,同时达到目标转化度时,用一种适宜的阻聚剂终止聚合。此后,将过单体液滴相变为分散固体颗粒形成的浆料转移至汽提塔,在此通过使浆料经过真空蒸发,从树脂颗粒汽提残留的单体。然后将蒸汽汽提的浆料通过离心后,送至干燥器。树脂的表征
这些树脂通过七种测定进行表征:聚合程度、体积密度、增塑剂的吸收、平均粒度、鱼眼、雾度和热稳定性。
按照日本工业标准(“JIS”)K-6721-1977测定聚合程度。
体积密度为每单位体积PVC(包括PVC中固有的空隙)的重量。单位为g/cc。这些试验方法提供塑料材料在其包装和制造处理方面的有用性能指标。体积密度测定蓬松性。在ASTM D1895-89(1990)中很好地描述了测定体积密度的步骤。
按照ASTM D3367(75)-1990测定增塑剂的吸收(增塑剂的摄取)。该试验方法包括采用控制的离心力测定PVC增塑剂的吸收。试样的增塑剂吸收按百分比报道。
平均粒度的测定按照ASTM D1921-89中的步骤进行。试验方法包括通常供应的粉状颗粒或粒料形式塑料材料粒度的测定。
采用ASTM D3592-92中的步骤测定PVC均聚物树脂和类似树脂中的鱼眼。薄膜或片材中鱼眼的存在降低产品的质量。对100cm2片材中清楚的、未染色的斑点进行计数,作为鱼眼数。在热辊上碾磨与增塑剂、稳定剂和着色剂混合的试样树脂。在固定条件下形成具有恒定厚度的片材。
按照ASTM D1003中描述的步骤测定雾度或光的广角漫散射。通过辊炼和热压的顺序制备试样。试样于190℃辊炼5分钟。热压的操作条件是使试样在180℃保持5分钟以进行预热,在100kg/cm2下于180℃保持5分钟,然后于25℃冷却3分钟。该试样的大小为80mm×45mm×3.2mm。用Suga Test Instrument Co.制造的采用照明C光源的SM-6型雾度计进行测定。雾度以百分比报道。
用来测定每个试样热稳定性的方法如下。用日本Nishimura制造的双辊炼塑机制备试样。辊表面温度保持在145℃。然后使试样经过辊压5分钟30秒。试样的厚度为0.7mm。试样的混料配方是每100份树脂100份(“phr”)氯乙烯聚合物树脂,40phr间苯二甲酸二辛酯(“DOP”)、2phr液态锡稳定剂(可得自Ciba-Geigy的稳定剂BC 747)和0.3phr硬脂酸作为润滑剂。然后将由双辊炼塑机出来的试样片材切成450mm×30mm×0.7mm的试样条。将试样条置于瑞士Werner Mathis生产的LTF-ST-152293型Mathis Thermotester中。Thermotester烘箱保持185℃,而试样条的移动速率大约为19mm/5分钟。试样条脱色为黑色所花费的时间以分钟报道。
由生产的片材制备大小为70mm×70mm×0.7mm的试样,以测试粘性。将试样插入两个70mm×70mm×0.7mm的玻璃片材之间,然后放入烘箱中10分钟。烘箱的温度保持在200℃。通过从玻璃板分离试样所需的努力,将等级分为差或好。产品的应用
按照本发明方法生产的聚合物可以用来制造热稳定性较高、雾度低和粘性好的薄膜。本发明聚合物的聚合度至少为大约400,最好至少为530。聚合度低于大约400会导致成品中诸如抗冲击性等机械性质的损失。对于诸如形成层压安全玻璃的中间层的某些应用,本发明聚合物的聚合度最好至少为900。
本发明聚合物的平均粒度也至少为大约10μm,最好至少为大约30μm。如果平均粒度小于大约10μm,那么用此形成的薄膜一般表现出雾度高,颗粒的孔隙率不利地低,导致混料困难。另一方面,如果平均粒度高于大约250μm,那么孔隙率可能再次如此低,以致于混料困难。
如上所注释的,使用这些聚合物尤其有利于层压安全窗用玻璃的中间层的形成,层压安全窗用玻璃由将两个玻璃板或玻璃片材粘合在一起的中间层构成,使得玻璃的破裂产生破碎玻璃片最小程度的散布。这一中间层必须具有多种性质,包括:冲击能吸收高,以减小冲击性伤害;剪切强度和撕裂强度足以防止破碎玻璃引起的中间层破裂;与玻璃的粘性,足以阻止接触时划破并防止破碎玻璃散布;可接受的热稳定性和耐候性;以及用常规设备(诸如预压和温度低至140℃的高压釜)加工层压板后良好的光学质量。中间层必须在使用这些层压窗用玻璃的很宽温度范围内具有和保持这些性质。
当然,本发明的聚合物也可以用于高性能挠性树脂的许多其它应用中。
                      实施例1
以下实施例为了说明本发明,不构成本发明要点的任何限制。制备了6个不同试样,其中两个是对照,用来与四个用本发明方法制造的聚合物进行比较。
聚合如下进行:
1.彻底清理反应器的内表面。该反应器的体积为1m3。该反应器备有1个Pfaudler搅拌器、2个冷却挡板和一个冷凝器。
2.该反应器的内表面涂有一种积垢抑制剂。
3.将去离子水装入该反应器中,开动搅拌器。
4.将乳化剂和所有其它添加剂装入该反应物中。
5.加入引发剂。
6.保持混合30分钟,同时将真空降至30mm Hg。
7.然后加入单体。装入该反应器的氯乙烯总量为280kg。由此调整其它组分的量。
8.聚合温度保持在53℃。
9.当液面上空间压力达到90磅/英寸2时,加入0.04phr双酚-A终止聚合。
10.然后将浆料从该反应器转移至汽提塔。
表1显示了各种树脂组合物和每种树脂的所得特征。列于表1中的所有量都以重量%计,除非另外陈述。选择对照A,查看具有环氧基的丙烯酸单体是否能够提供所需的性质。试验结果表明,尽管聚合物与玻璃表面的粘合性好,但具有甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和乙酸乙烯酯的聚合物表现出鱼眼水平高、雾度高和热稳定性差。选择对照B,查看单独的乙酸乙烯酯是否提供高性能薄膜所需的性质。聚合乙酸乙烯酯的聚合物也表现出雾度高和热稳定性差。此外,与玻璃表面的粘性差。因此,对照A和对照B对于需要上述性质的应用(诸如安全玻璃中间层)是不可接受的。
P1-P4的试验数据说明,聚合物中同时存在烯丙基·缩水甘油醚和乙酸乙烯酯提供薄膜所需的物理性质。实际上,与对照树脂相比,那些聚合物的雾度低,热稳定性出色。那些树脂也表现出与玻璃的粘性好。此外可以看出,可选的存在其它可共聚单体可能相当有利。例如,3份三羟甲基丙烷单烯丙基醚显著提高热稳定性,而0.4份十八烷基·乙烯基醚将鱼眼降至0.70-99%(重量)氯乙烯和0.05-15%(重量)烯丙基·缩水甘油醚和0.05-15%(重量)乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物作为热塑性树脂表现相当好,可以将它们进行混料,制备热稳定性出色、雾度低和粘性好的薄膜。其它可共聚单体的正确选择有利地增进树脂的性质。一种适宜硅烷的存在会提高与玻璃表面的粘合强度。那些相同的共聚物也可以用作铁酸盐粉末与适当配料的粘合剂;用作用于磁型应用的其它类型金属或金属氧化物粉末的粘合剂;以及甚至用作铝容器或片材的涂料。
                                    表1
   对照A    对照B     P1   P2   P3   P4
氯乙烯     100     100     100   100   100   100
去离子水     150     150     150   150   150   150
引发剂     0.35     0.35     0.35   0.35   0.35   0.35
乳化剂     0.144     0.144     0.144   0.144   0.144   0.144
甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯     3     -     -   -   -   -
烯丙基·缩水甘油醚     -     -     3   1   3   3
乙酸乙烯酯     1     3     0.5   1   1   1
十八基·乙烯醚三羟甲基丙烷     -     -     -   0.4   -   0.4
单烯丙基醚     -     -     -   -   3   -
聚合度     800     1150     550   730   530   610
体积密度(g/cc)     0.46     0.54     0.58   0.56   0.59   0.48
PTU(%)     10     12     10   12   11   21
平均颗粒大小(μm)     200     175     150   152   250   85
鱼眼     250     55     40   0   75   0
雾度(%)     12     10     1   1.7   2   1
热稳定性(分钟)     45     40     90   75   100   90
引发剂:    过二碳酸二(2-乙基己基)酯乳化剂:    水解度为72.5%的聚乙烯醇0.072;
        水解度为40%的聚乙烯醇鱼眼:      凝胶数/100cm2PTU:       增塑剂的摄取(增塑剂吸收)
                      实施例2
为了测试用于层压安全玻璃应用的树脂,将试样与一定量的增塑剂和稳定剂的组合物干混,然后在300°F的辊温下碾磨7分钟。然后,用45分钟300°F和240磅/英寸2的高压釜,将碾磨的薄膜层压在两个0.088”平坦玻璃片材之间。然后于100℃以时间的函数,测试该层压板的雾度、黄度指数、球端粘性(pummel adhesion)和热稳定性。这些结果示于表2中。
如这些实施例所示,本发明的共聚物可以用来制造同时表现出雾度低、热稳定性好和与玻璃的粘性好的安全玻璃层压板的中间层,而不需要增塑糊类型或聚氯乙烯均聚物树脂所需的不想要的高加工温度。
                                    表2
    成分     A(phr)     B(phr)     C(phr)
P4     --     95     --
P1树脂     92     --     95
CAPA 6501     8     5     5
己二酸正辛基癸基酯(NODA)     36     17     17
己二酸二己酯    (DHA)     4     17     17
Drapex 6.82     5     5     5
Meister CZ50623     3     --     --
UBZ 79104     --     3     3
Tinuvin 3285     0.2     0.2     0.2
CPL-466     0.1     0.1     0.1
Irganox 10107     0.5     0.5     0.5
Y96698     0.75     1     0.1
雾度     0.6     0.6     0.6
球端粘性     10     4     3
100℃下500小时后的ΔYIc     4     4     3
1.得自Solvay Interox的聚己内酯树脂。
2.得自Witco Corp.of Oakland,NJ的环氧化豆油。
3.得自瑞士Meister的钙锌稳定剂。
4.得自Baerlocher USA of Dover,OH的钡/锌稳定剂包装。
5.得自Ciba-Geigy Corp.的苯并三唑紫外光稳定剂。
6.得自日本Asabi Denka Kogyo K.K.的高氯酸盐稳定剂。
7.得自Ciba-Geigy Corp.的受阻酚抗氧剂。
8.得自OSi,Inc.的苯基氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
按照专利条例的规定,已经在认为代表本发明优选实施方案的实施例中描述了本发明。然而应该注意到,本发明可以不按具体说明和描述的方法实施,而不违背本发明的精神或范围。

Claims (23)

1.生产氯乙烯共聚物树脂的方法,包括在一个过程中将单体混合物悬浮聚合;其中水为连续相,而单体混合物为不连续相,所述单体混合物包含至少大约70%(重量)氯乙烯、大约0.05-15%(重量)烯丙基·缩水甘油醚和大约0.05-15%(重量)乙烯酯。
2.按照权利要求1定义的方法,其中所述乙烯酯为乙酸乙烯酯。
3.按照权利要求1定义的方法,其中所述单体混合物还包含烯丙基醚或烯丙基醚的混合物,其量不超过所述总单体混合物的大约20%(重量)。
4.按照权利要求3定义的方法,其中所述烯丙基醚为三羟甲基丙烷单烯丙基醚。
5.按照权利要求1定义的方法,其中所述单体混合物还包含乙烯基醚,其量不超过所述总单体混合物的大约20%(重量)。
6.按照权利要求5定义的方法,其中所述乙烯基醚为烷基·乙烯基醚。
7.按照权利要求6定义的方法,其中所述乙烯基醚为十八烷基·乙烯基醚。
8.按照权利要求1定义的方法,其中水量等于或大于100重量份单体混合物。
9.由通过单体混合物的悬浮聚合制备的粒状氯乙烯共聚物,所述单体混合物包含:
(a)氯乙烯或氯乙烯和一种或多种可与其共聚的其它乙烯基单体的混合物;
(b)烯丙基·缩水甘油醚;
(c)乙烯酯;
其中所述聚合物颗粒的平均粒度为大约10-250μm。
10.按照权利要求9定义的氯乙烯共聚物,其中所述聚合物颗粒的平均粒度为大约30-250μm。
11.按照权利要求10定义的氯乙烯共聚物,其中所述聚合物颗粒的平均粒度至少为大约85μm。
12.按照权利要求9定义的氯乙烯共聚物,它通过单体混合物悬浮聚合制备,单体混合物包含至少大约70%(重量)氯乙烯、大约0.05-15%(重量)烯丙基·缩水甘油醚和大约0.05-15%(重量)乙烯酯。
13.按照权利要求9定义的氯乙烯共聚物,其中所述共聚物的聚合度至少为大约400。
14.按照权利要求13定义的氯乙烯共聚物,其中所述共聚物的聚合度至少为大约530。
15.按照权利要求14定义的氯乙烯共聚物,其中所述共聚物的聚合度至少为大约900。
16.层压窗用玻璃组合体,包括第一玻璃片材、第二玻璃片材和粘合在中间的中间层,所述中间层由包含氯乙烯共聚物的薄膜形成,氯乙烯共聚物通过将包含氯乙烯、烯丙基·缩水甘油醚和乙烯酯的单体混合物悬浮聚合而形成。
17.按照权利要求16定义的层压窗用玻璃组合体,其中通过单体混合物进行悬浮聚合制备所述氯乙烯共聚物,单体混合物包含至少大约70%(重量)氯乙烯、大约0.05-15%(重量)烯丙基·缩水甘油醚和大约0.05-15%(重量)乙烯酯。
18.按照权利要求17定义的层压窗用玻璃组合体,其中所述乙烯酯为乙酸乙烯酯。
19.按照权利要求16定义的层压窗用玻璃组合体,其中所述单体混合物还包含一种烯丙基醚或烯丙基醚的混合物,其量不超过所述总单体混合物的大约20%(重量)。
20.按照权利要求19定义的层压窗用玻璃组合体,其中烯丙基醚为三羟甲基丙烷单烯丙基醚。
21.按照权利要求16定义的层压窗用玻璃组合体,其中所述共聚物的聚合度至少为大约530。
22.按照权利要求21定义的层压窗用玻璃组合体,其中所述共聚物的聚合度至少为大约900。
23.按照权利要求16定义的层压窗用玻璃组合体,其中所述中间层当作为公称厚度为大约30密尔的薄膜形成并层压在一对玻璃片材(每个片材的公称厚度为大约88密尔)之间时,其球端粘性值为至少3,而雾度值小于1%。
CN96197499A 1995-08-11 1996-08-05 氯乙烯、烯丙基、缩水甘油醚和乙烯酯的共聚物及其生产方法 Pending CN1199405A (zh)

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