CN1199334A - 持效性直肠给药用组合物 - Google Patents
持效性直肠给药用组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1199334A CN1199334A CN96197501A CN96197501A CN1199334A CN 1199334 A CN1199334 A CN 1199334A CN 96197501 A CN96197501 A CN 96197501A CN 96197501 A CN96197501 A CN 96197501A CN 1199334 A CN1199334 A CN 1199334A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- gram
- suppository
- rectally
- hydrochloride
- vasoconstrictor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Abstract
本发明提供了可望在患部组织中达到高水平药物浓度、维持持久效力的适合于痔疮等的治疗的直肠给药用组合物。混合有丙烯酸聚合物、血管收缩剂和直肠组织治疗剂的持效性直肠给药用组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及直肠给药用组合物,更详细地说就是涉及配合有丙烯酸聚合物、血管收缩剂和直肠组织治疗剂的,能在直肠组织达到较高治疗药物浓度和持续作用的,适合于痔疮等的局部治疗的直肠给药用组合物。
背景技术
已知在直肠肛门部位给药的普通的栓剂等直肠给药用制剂,由于基质在体温下熔融变成液态,经过一段时间后制剂从给药部位扩散,向直肠上部移动。当治疗目的为痔疮等的局部治疗时,制剂向直肠上部的扩散使患部附近存在的药量减少。于是有报告涉及以抑制制剂的直肠内扩散、使患部附近制剂滞留为目的的直肠给药用制剂。
例如,根据特开昭54-26325号中配合聚丙烯酸金属盐,特开平6-40889号中混合聚丙烯酸和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的混合物,特开昭63-280016号和特开平1-143825号中混合羧乙烯聚合物这些都是公开的能够将制剂滞留在直肠内患部附近的直肠给药用制剂。
发明的公开
本发明人等经过对直肠给药用组合物进行种种探讨,结果发现配合丙烯酸聚合物、血管收缩剂和直肠组织治疗剂形成的组合物所得的制剂是不仅能使药物在直肠内患部附近滞留,还可抑制治疗药物从直肠组织扩散,使药物在组织中保持高浓度,从而获得持续药效的直肠给药用制剂,从而完成了本发明。
即本发明为配合丙烯酸聚合物、血管收缩剂和直肠组织治疗剂的持效性直肠给药用组合物。
本发明中,丙烯酸聚合物为聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸盐、部分交联的聚丙烯酸或其盐。其平均分子量为10万~1000万,羧基的含量优选50~70%,更优选58~63%。粒度优选500微米以下,更优选250微米以下。作为部分交联的聚丙烯酸,例如有羧乙烯聚合物、カ-ボマ-和聚碳酸酯复合物(ボリカ-ボフイル),优选羧乙烯聚合物。聚丙烯酸盐有钠盐、钾盐等碱金属盐,钙盐等碱土金属盐,铝盐等3价的金属盐和铵盐等,其中优选聚丙烯酸钾盐、聚丙烯酸钠盐、聚丙烯酸钙盐、聚丙烯酸铵盐等。
丙烯酸聚合物的配比量相应于直肠给药用组合物总量的0.1~20重量%。丙烯酸聚合物中最优选的为羧乙烯聚合物,其配比量为直肠给药用组合物总量的0.2~15重量%,更优选1~10重量%。
丙烯酸聚合物的配比量如果少则直肠内的滞留变差,配比量如果多则有粘性变高、制剂制造及其充填变困难的倾向。
血管收缩剂表示具有血管收缩作用的药物,例如有盐酸四氢唑啉、盐酸萘甲唑啉、盐酸苯福林、盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸羟甲唑啉等。血管收缩剂的配比量相应于直肠给药用组合物总量的0.005~2.0重量%。血管收缩剂中优选盐酸四氢唑啉、盐酸萘甲唑啉和盐酸羟甲唑啉,其配比量为直肠给药用组合物总量的0.005~0.1重量%。这些血管收缩剂中,最优选的为盐酸四氢唑啉。
直肠组织治疗剂例如为治疗痔疮或直肠癌的药物,例如有氢化可的松、醋酸氢化可的松、强的松龙、醋酸强的松龙、地塞米松、醋酸地塞米松、缬草酸二氟米松或丁酸丙酸氢化可的松等甾体类药物,吲哚美辛、酮洛芬、双氯芬酸钠、氯化溶菌酶或甘草次酸等消炎药,苯佐卡因、利多卡因、盐酸利多卡因、地布卡因、盐酸地布卡因、普鲁卡因、盐酸普鲁卡因、盐酸美普卡因或甲哌卡因等局麻药,5-氟尿嘧啶、呋喃氟尿嘧啶等抗肿瘤药,氧化锌,鞣酸、鞣酸白蛋白或硫酸钾铝等收敛剂,苯海拉明、盐酸苯海拉明或扑尔敏等抗组胺药,尿囊素、氯羟尿囊酸铝等伤口愈合促进剂,盐酸洗必泰、西曲溴铵、克菌定或苯扎氯铵等杀菌剂,磺胺异二甲嘧啶、磺胺异二甲嘧啶钠、甲磺灭脓或磺胺嘧啶等磺胺类药物,鱼肝油、麦角骨化醇(维生素D2)、核黄素、盐酸吡哆醇(维生素B6)、或醋酸生育酚等维生素类,d-冰片、dl-冰片、l-薄荷醇、dl-薄荷醇、薄荷油或按叶油等清凉剂。
直肠给药用组合物制成直肠给药用制剂使用,例如作成栓剂或注入式软膏剂使用。
制成栓剂时,基质用一般的栓剂基质。例如可以用亲油性基质或亲水性基质,此外两者混用也可以。作为亲油性基质,例如有可可豆脂、羊毛脂或硬脂肪等。作为硬脂肪,例如有维特布脂(休鲁斯公司制造)、沙波塞(加德夫公司制造)、异可可豆脂(花王公司制造)、法玛脂(日本油脂公司制造)等。作为亲水性基质,例如有聚乙二醇。
注入式软膏剂可用油性软膏剂、乳膏剂和凝胶剂中任一种形式。这时的基质用一般的基质。例如油性基质、水溶性基质或其混合物合并用于油性软膏剂、乳膏剂和凝胶剂的形式。作为油性基质用的基质例如有油脂、脂肪酸、高级醇、脂肪酸甘油三酯等。作为油脂,例如有橄榄油、大豆油、西蒙得木油、菜油、花生油、蓖麻油、薄荷油、椰子油、棕榈油、茶油、麻油、玉米油、硬化油、木蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、羊毛脂油、蜂蜡、鲨烷、鲨烯、牛油、猪油、卵黄油、鲸蜡、液体石蜡、石蜡、凡士林等。作为脂肪酸,例如有油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸等。作为高级醇,例如有鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇等。作为脂肪酸甘油三酯,例如有パナセ-ト(日本油脂公司制造)。作为水溶性基质用的基质例如有甘油、丙二醇等。
此外,根据需要还可混合表面活性剂或添加剂。作为表面活性剂,可以用阴离子性、阳离子性、非离子性或两性中的任一种。例如有脂肪酸缩水山梨醇酯、脂肪酸甘油酯、デカグリン、聚山梨醇酯、聚氧乙烯硬化蓖麻油、聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、烷基硫酸盐、烷基铵盐、N-酰基氨基酸盐或卵磷脂。作为烷基硫酸盐,例如有十二烷基硫酸钠。作为烷基铵盐,例如有氯化硬脂酰三甲基铵。作为添加剂,例如有防腐剂、无机氧化物、凝胶化剂、抗氧化剂、pH调节剂等。作为防腐剂,例如有聚氧安息香酸烷基酯、山梨酸、葡萄糖酸洗必泰。作为无机氧化物,例如有轻质硅酐、氧化钛。作为凝胶化剂,例如有糊精脂肪酸酯。作为抗氧化剂,例如有二丁基羟基甲苯。作为pH调节剂,例如有枸椽酸、酒石酸。
将可熔的基质加热熔融后,混合丙烯酸聚合物、血管收缩剂和直肠组织治疗剂,此外如有必要则加入其它混合剂使之在基质中分散并溶解,一边搅拌一边冷却,这样可以制造出本发明的直肠给药用组合物。工业实用性
本发明的直肠给药用组合物混合有丙烯酸聚合物、血管收缩剂和直肠组织治疗剂,可望使治疗药物在直肠组织中持续高浓度地作用于痔疮等的局部,能够制成对疾病有良好治疗、改善效果的直肠给药用制剂。
实施本发明的最佳形态
以下给出实施例和实验例并对本发明进行详细说明。实施例1(处方)盐酸四氢唑啉 1克利多卡因 60克醋酸氢化可的松 5克尿囊素 20克醋酸生育酚 60克轻质硅酐 20克羧乙烯聚合物聚合物 75克维特布脂W35 1409克(制造方法)
往加热熔融(50℃~70℃)的栓剂基质(维特布脂W35)中一边搅拌一边顺次加入其它成分使之分散,冷却到约40℃,充填在栓剂模上,再冷却成型,得到栓剂。实施例2(处方)盐酸苯福林 5克地布卡因 10克醋酸氢化可的松 5克氧化锌 100克轻质硅酐 30克羧乙烯聚合物 150克维特布脂H15 1450克(制造方法)以实施例1相同方法得到栓剂。实施例3(处方)盐酸萘甲唑啉 1克利多卡因 60克醋酸强的松龙 1克尿囊素 20克醋酸生育酚 60克羧乙烯聚合物 80克维特布脂H15 1528克(制造方法)以实施例1相同方法得到栓剂。实施例4(处方)盐酸羟甲唑啉 1克利多卡因 50克醋酸氢化可的松 5克盐酸苯海拉明 5克氧化锌 100克聚碳酸酯复合物钙 100克法玛脂B115 1539克(制造方法)以实施例1相同方法得到栓剂。实施例5(处方)盐酸羟甲唑啉 1克盐酸利多卡因 60克尿囊素 20克马来那敏 4克聚碳酸酯复合物 75克轻质硅酐 20克法玛脂B115 1520克(制造方法)以实施例1相同方法得到栓剂。实施例6(处方)盐酸四氢萘唑啉 1克5-氟尿嘧啶 100克羧乙烯聚合物 75克硅酐 24克法玛脂B115 1200克(制造方法)以实施例1相同方法得到栓剂。实施例7(处方)盐酸四氢唑啉 0.05克利多卡因 3克醋酸氢化可的松 0.5克尿囊素 1克羧乙烯聚合物 3克液体石蜡 82.45克糊精脂肪酸酯 10克(制造方法)
将加热熔融(70℃~90℃)的软膏基质(液体石蜡和糊精脂肪酸酯)冷却到约60℃,搅拌混合入其它成分,得到注入式软膏剂。实施例8(处方)盐酸萘甲唑啉 0.05克利多卡因 3克醋酸强的松龙 0.1克尿囊素 1克羧乙烯聚合物 3克白凡士林 92.85克(制造方法)
往加热熔融(70℃~90℃)的软膏基质(凡士林)中加入其它成分,搅拌混合后冷却到约40℃,得到注入式软膏剂。比较例1
从实施例1的处方中除去盐酸四氢唑啉,并增加相同量的栓剂基质(维特布脂W35),以实施例1相同方法制造得到栓剂。比较例2
从实施例1的处方中除去羧乙烯聚合物,并增加相同量的栓剂基质(维特布脂W35),以实施例1相同方法制造得到栓剂。比较例3
从实施例1的处方中除去盐酸四氢唑啉和羧乙烯聚合物,并增加相同量的栓剂基质,以实施例1相同方法制造得到栓剂。试验例1:直肠组织中药物的定量(检品)检品用实施例1的栓剂。对照检品用比较例1~3的栓剂。(实验方法)实验方法参照《新药与临床》第42卷、第8期、第1618页至第1626页的直肠滞留性实验。每组5只任意分组的雄性日本白色家兔(体重2.5~3.0千克)经过48小时禁食后,分别给与检品和对照检品,直接用医用粘合剂aronalpha(アロンアルフア)封闭肛门部位,防止栓剂漏出。经过一定时间后摘取直肠,用生理盐水充分洗净后,采取从肛门部位起10厘米区域的直肠组织,在蒸馏水20毫升中将所采取的组织匀浆,取匀浆2毫升用二氯甲烷10毫升提取药物;取提取液8毫升蒸发干燥后,加入甲醇1毫升充分溶解残留物作为样品溶液,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)定量出1克直肠内患部组织的利多卡因量和醋酸氢化可的松量。直肠的摘取分别在给药后30分钟、1小时、3小时和6小时(结果)进行。得到检品与对照检品相比直肠组织中的药量更多的结果。直肠组织中的利多卡因定量结果如图1所示,醋酸氢化可的松定量结果如图2所示。试验例2:浮肿抑制实验(检品)检品用实施例1中的栓剂。对照检品用比较例1和比较例3的栓剂。(实验方法)实验方法依照《基础与临床》27(6)、第2053页至第2062页(1993),每组12只任意分组的雄性Wistar大鼠(体重150~170克)经过24小时禁食后,用浸有0.16毫升致炎剂(6%巴豆油的醚溶液∶蒸馏水∶吡啶∶乙醚=10∶1∶4∶5)的棉棒插入大鼠肛门10秒钟使之发炎,然后立即分别给与检品或对照检品(任何一只每100克体重用直径3毫米、长度10毫米)。检剂给药后用夹子将肛门封闭,防止栓剂漏出。经过6小时后摘取直肠,采取从肛门部位起5~20毫米区域的直肠内患部组织,测定其湿重并算出直肠肛门系数(RAC),作为浮肿程度的指标。此外,从所得RAC算出浮肿抑制率。RAC和浮肿抑制率按下述算式计算。浮肿抑制率(%)=(1-(栓剂给药组的RAC-无处置给药组的RAC)/(致炎对照物质给与组的RAC-无处置对照组的RAC)×100(结果)结果显示,检品和对照检品相比,检品比对照检品有2倍以上的浮肿抑制率,其结果也如表1所示。
表1
给药组 | 直肠肛门系数(RAC) | 浮肿抑制率(%) |
无处置 | 0.82±0.01 | - |
致炎对照物质 | 1.78±0.06 | - |
实施例1 | 1.14±0.05 | 66.7 |
比较例1 | 1.46±0.04 | 33.3 |
比较例3 | 1.66±0.08 | 12.5 |
附图的简单说明
图1显示从肛门部位10厘米区域的直肠组织1克中的利多卡因定量结果。
图2显示从肛门部位10厘米区域的直肠组织1克中的醋酸氢化可的松定量结果。
Claims (4)
1.持效性直肠给药用组合物,混合有丙烯酸聚合物、血管收缩剂和直肠组织治疗剂。
2.根据权利要求1的直肠给药用组合物,其中丙烯酸聚合物为羧乙烯聚合物。
3.根据权利要求1的直肠给药用组合物,其中血管收缩剂为盐酸四氢唑啉、盐酸萘甲唑啉或盐酸羟甲唑啉中的1种或2种以上物质。
4.持效性栓剂,混合有丙烯酸聚合物、血管收缩剂和直肠组织治疗剂。
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CA2231176C (en) | 2008-04-01 |
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