CN1199164A - 导电纤维传感器系统 - Google Patents

导电纤维传感器系统 Download PDF

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CN1199164A
CN1199164A CN98100161A CN98100161A CN1199164A CN 1199164 A CN1199164 A CN 1199164A CN 98100161 A CN98100161 A CN 98100161A CN 98100161 A CN98100161 A CN 98100161A CN 1199164 A CN1199164 A CN 1199164A
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conductive fiber
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CN1138971C (zh
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史蒂文·查尔斯·吉尔伯特
杰伊·E·博伊斯
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Schlegel Systems Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/205—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using distributed sensing elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/002—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/002—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon
    • B60N2/0021—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon characterised by the type of sensor or measurement
    • B60N2/003—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon characterised by the type of sensor or measurement characterised by the sensor mounting location in or on the seat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/015—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting the presence or position of passengers, passenger seats or child seats, and the related safety parameters therefor, e.g. speed or timing of airbag inflation in relation to occupant position or seat belt use
    • B60R21/01512—Passenger detection systems
    • B60R21/01516—Passenger detection systems using force or pressure sensing means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01G—WEIGHING
    • G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
    • G01G19/40—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups with provisions for indicating, recording, or computing price or other quantities dependent on the weight
    • G01G19/413—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups with provisions for indicating, recording, or computing price or other quantities dependent on the weight using electromechanical or electronic computing means
    • G01G19/414—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups with provisions for indicating, recording, or computing price or other quantities dependent on the weight using electromechanical or electronic computing means using electronic computing means only
    • G01G19/4142—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups with provisions for indicating, recording, or computing price or other quantities dependent on the weight using electromechanical or electronic computing means using electronic computing means only for controlling activation of safety devices, e.g. airbag systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/14—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators
    • G01L1/142—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators using capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2210/00—Sensor types, e.g. for passenger detection systems or for controlling seats
    • B60N2210/10—Field detection presence sensors
    • B60N2210/12—Capacitive; Electric field
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01G—WEIGHING
    • G01G7/00—Weighing apparatus wherein the balancing is effected by magnetic, electromagnetic, or electrostatic action, or by means not provided for in the preceding groups
    • G01G7/06—Weighing apparatus wherein the balancing is effected by magnetic, electromagnetic, or electrostatic action, or by means not provided for in the preceding groups by electrostatic action

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于机动车的传感器,包括一设置在两个导电片之间最好是泡沫材料层的可压缩材料层。在一个优选实施例中,测量导电片之间的电容以确定是否有以及什么物体放置在传感器上,而在另一种应用中,贯穿可压缩层形成多个孔,以允许导电片通过孔相互接触。描述了具有相对低的电阻率以产生一短路电路的实施例,以及一个具有较高电阻率的实施例,其中变化和电阻幅度可用于确定物体的特征。

Description

导电纤维传感器系统
本发明涉及使用导电纤维的传感器系统，特别是可作为一开关或重量传感器工作的导电纤维传感器系统。
重量传感器有许多种应用，可用来减弱或削弱在某一特定情况发生时自动工作的启动系统。这样一种情况是从车辆内部展开一安全气囊。已经大量报道了展开气囊的力可对恰好是被认为受该气囊保护的人造成伤害。展开力对儿童和低于某一体重的其它矮小的人特别有害。与气囊组合使用，可记录、解释和向与车辆座位中当前占用者的体重相关的气囊释放机构传送信号的传感器将非常有利。在一种先进的气囊释放系统中，可以膨胀速度和程度调节到座位占用者体重的安全比例内，以减少因高速展开而造成的可能的伤害程度。
简言之，并根据本发明的优选实施例，埋置在车辆座位中用于确定占用该座位的人或物体特征的传感器包括一层具有从可压缩材料层的第一表面向第二表面贯穿延伸的多个孔的可压缩材料，第一表面上的第一层导电纤维，第二表面上的第二层导电纤维，和一个连接到第一和第二层导电纤维，用于测量其间的电阻以确定占用该座位的人或物体特征的传感器。
根据本发明的另一个方面，导电纤维层可在一个方向伸展。
根据本发明的再一个方面，导电纤维层可在两个方向伸展。
根据本发明的再一个方面，按Ω/□测量的一层导电纤维的电阻率比另一层导电纤维的高，传感器连接在较高电阻率的导电纤维层上的间隔点之间，用于测量间隔点之间的电阻。
在所附权利要求中详细说明了本发明的新颖方面，通过结合附图参考对本发明优选实施例的下列详细描述可更便于理解本发明本身，以及本发明的其它目的和优点，其中：
图1是根据本发明目前优选实施例的座位传感器的顶视平面图；
图2是沿图1中2-2线的截面图；
图3是未压缩状态下本发明的传感器垫的截面图；
图4是压缩状态下本发明的传感器垫的截面图；
图5是根据本发明的座位传感器系统的示意图，包括多个具有不同特性的传感器垫；
图6是随着泡沫材料层被压缩取决于电容变化的本发明实施例的示意图；
图7是图6的传感器垫被施加重量的示意图；
图7a是沿图7中7a-7a线的截面图；和
图8是在一纤维层上局部化的短路垫的实施例示意图。
根据本发明，该系统可作为一个开关或作为一个重量传感器，或二者都可以。传感器的工作范围和/或功能取决于材料的切割、粘合、或互连方式，并取决于周围支撑结构的相对稳定性。
如图1和2所示，虽然可适合采用任何适宜的层状结构，该传感器的基本优选结构为五层叠合。在这种优选的五层系统中，基本结构包括下列部分：一个第一层导电纤维10；一层粘合剂12；一层可压缩泡沫材料14；一层粘合剂16；和一个第二层导电纤维18。
优选的纤维可以是完全导电或仅在一侧上导电，并在一个方向伸展和弯曲，在两个方向(X和Y)伸展和弯曲，或在任何一个方向都不能伸展和弯曲。导电性必须与其它材料的特性匹配，以便在所希望的重量范围产生启动或感测。如果纤维仅在一侧上导电，该侧则必须贴着泡沫材料。
优选的粘合剂必须足够强以便在传感器或开关的整个使用寿命期间将纤维粘合到泡沫材料。必须在切割任何孔之前将粘合剂涂覆到泡沫材料，以便在泡沫材料中有孔的地方，如图2和3所示，纤维上没有粘合剂。
优选的泡沫材料厚度、压缩永久变形和机械构造优先确定传感器的功能。泡沫材料必须经受住对座位的使用时自然伴随的重复的压缩和弯曲循环。
优选开关结构取决于在功能范围内泡沫材料中开口的大小和间隔。例如，使用厚度约为0.25英寸、具有约0.40英寸直径的孔或中心约相隔0.1英寸的细孔、重为2磅泡沫材料的酯基泡沫材料可提供每平方英尺约50磅的启动效果。取消一些孔，改变孔的直径，改变间隔或改变泡沫材料特性将产生以每平方英尺按磅测量的重量分布为单位的新启动点。也可通过改变支撑结构的韧性影响和控制启动点。
根据本发明，如图4所示，在一个优选实施例中，开关操作取决于导电纤维的挠性和泡沫材料的可压缩性。在工作过程中，泡沫材料14肯定略有压缩，纤维10、18必定向泡沫材料中的孔中伸展。在某一时刻，上和下纤维将接触，形成一导电通路。开关依赖于支撑结构(顶部和底部)的挠性，以便将纤维向泡沫材料中的孔中推动足够远，以使两片纤维之间接触。例如，如果开关放置在一坚固的平台上面，由于下方的纤维表面将不会通过泡沫材料中的孔上升与另一纤维表面接触，所以开关不工作。
如图6、7、和7a所示，在一个优选实施例中，本发明传感器的结构取决于纤维/泡沫材料叠层的电容效应。随着压力使两个导电层10、18更加靠近在一起，纤维之间的距离将改变并可测量组件的电容。可测量电容值以提供重量值。该组件需要一个没有孔的不间断泡沫材料表面，以使两个纤维表面不能相互接触。
图5示出本发明的一个实施例，其中在车辆座位上设置多个传感器，用于确定占用座位的包裹或人的特征。以本申请中描述的任何方式构成传感器30、32、和34的每一个，并相对于座位定位，以便由坐在座位上的人或放置在座位上的物体启动。例如，传感器30可以配置在座位上，传感器32设置在座位中部，以使其由坐在座位上的人启动，而不是被其横梁跨在传感器32上的汽车座位启动，传感器34可定位在座位靠背上。这样，通过记录施加到三个传感器的负荷产生或不产生信号，可确定占用座位的人或物体的特征。
图8示出本发明的另一个实施例。在该实施例中，底部纤维层18的特点在于可测量的电阻率，例如每平方单位1-10欧姆，上部纤维层10可选择为导电层，以便肯定能将压力施加到某一区域，以便在下部的纤维区域18上隔开的位置之间形成短路电路。这将允许不需要输入和输出阵列即可确定传感器上负荷的位置。例如，预期占用座位的人将靠近传感器的中部产生压力，而具有侧梁的汽车座位将在边缘作用更多压力而在中部较少。中央垫40覆盖一3×3方形阵列，即使形成覆盖全部9个开口的短路电路，仅出现相对较小的电阻变化。然而，覆盖相对较小数量的开口，但距离较长的长导电垫42和44将产生较大的电阻变化，这样可便于用已知的装置检测。

Claims (13)

1.一种埋置在车辆座位中用于确定占用该座位的人或物体特征的传感器，包括：
一层具有从可压缩材料层的第一表面向第二表面贯穿延伸的多个孔的可压缩材料；
在第一表面上的第一层导电纤维；
在第二表面上的第二层导电纤维；
一个连接到第一和第二层导电纤维，用于测量其间的电阻以确定占用该座位的人或物体特征的传感器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传感器，其中导电纤维层可在一个方向伸展。
3.根据权利要求1所述的传感器，其中导电纤维层可在两个方向伸展。
4.根据权利要求1所述的传感器，其中第一层导电纤维具有按Ω/□测量的很低的电阻率。
5.根据权利要求1所述的传感器，其中第一层导电纤维具有按Ω/□测量的相对高的电阻率。
6.根据权利要求1所述的传感器，其中第一层导电材料包括连续的导电层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的传感器，其中第一层导电材料包括具有导电区和非导电区的局部导电层。
8.一种埋置在车辆座位中用于确定占用该座位的人或物体特征的传感器，包括：
一层具有从可压缩材料层的第一表面向第二表面贯穿延伸的多个孔的可压缩材料；
在具有接近零的第一电阻率的第一表面上的第一层导电纤维；
在具有高于第一层的电阻率的第二表面上的第二层导电纤维；
一个连接第二层导电纤维上的间隔点，用于测量这些点之间的电阻并产生与测量的电阻对应的信号，以指示占用该座位的人或物体特征的传感器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的传感器，其中第一层导电纤维包括多个由低导电区分开的间隔的导电片。
10.根据权利要求9所述的传感器，其中第该多个导电片覆盖可压缩材料层中的至少两个孔。
11.一种埋置在车辆座位中用于确定占用该座位的人或物体特征的传感器，包括：
一层具有可压缩材料层的第一表面和第二表面的可压缩绝缘材料；
在第一表面上的第一层导电纤维；
在第二表面上的第二层导电纤维；
一个连接到第一和第二层导电纤维，用于测量其间的电容以确定占用该座位的人或物体特征的传感器。
12.根据权利要求11所述的传感器，其中导电纤维层可在一个方向伸展。
13.根据权利要求11所述的传感器，其中导电纤维层可在两个方向伸展。
CNB981001610A 1997-01-23 1998-01-22 导电纤维传感器系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1138971C (zh)

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US08/763356 1997-01-23
US08/763,356 US5878620A (en) 1997-01-23 1997-01-23 Conductive fabric sensor for vehicle seats

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CN1138971C CN1138971C (zh) 2004-02-18

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AU (1) AU732622B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR9800294A (zh)
CA (1) CA2225945C (zh)
DE (1) DE69812448T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2195273T3 (zh)
HK (1) HK1015326A1 (zh)
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CN105806517A (zh) * 2016-05-04 2016-07-27 深圳诺康医疗设备股份有限公司 压力传感器
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