CN1185987C - 实行结肠/直肠外科手术的装置 - Google Patents

实行结肠/直肠外科手术的装置 Download PDF

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CN1185987C
CN1185987C CNB951975641A CN95197564A CN1185987C CN 1185987 C CN1185987 C CN 1185987C CN B951975641 A CNB951975641 A CN B951975641A CN 95197564 A CN95197564 A CN 95197564A CN 1185987 C CN1185987 C CN 1185987C
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小詹姆斯F·麦克古金
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Abstract

用于切除组织(210),最好是器官腔组织(208)的外科手术方法和装置(12),使器官的剩余部分用卡钉或其它紧固装置接合起来,此外科手术最好在器官腔进行。可以通过一自然存在的人体孔或一个外科手术切口把该装置插入,随后采用内窥镜或发射性成像引导装置把它推进到将要进行外科手术的区域。在内窥镜或诊断成像装置的引导下,该装置的位置使得将被切除的组织(208,210)被拉进该装置的一个内部腔室中。随后,在用卡钉把在该装置中的有病状的组织固定住之后,该装置切割有病状的组织。用外科手术卡钉把在健康的组织的边界形成的断口接合起来。

Description

实行结肠/直肠外科手术的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及外科手术装置和方法,具体地说,涉及用来最好是在器官腔内切除器官腔组织或其它组织的有病状或其它不想要的部分以及接合剩余的健康的器官腔组织或其它组织的外科手术装置和方法。
背景技术
美国授权专利US5197649A公开了一种外科手术肘钉(或钩环)装置,尤其是公开一种用于有效地封闭环形接合的外科手术肘钉装置。但是这种装置没有提出或者建议在外科手术中如何将不想要器官腔组织附近的器官腔组织固定在一起以防止在器官腔中产生孔的技术方案。
发明内容
本发明一方面提供一种用来在器官腔内除去不想要的器官腔组织并将剩余的器官腔组织围绕所述除去部位固定的装置,其包括:一具有在其中形成组织接收腔的外壳,所述组织接收腔保持切除部分的器官腔组织在其中,其用于从人体中的切除;用来把邻近不想要的器官腔组织的器官腔组织的若干部分从所述器官腔之内固定在一起的装置,其中用于固定的所述装置包括一卡钉固定机构;一组织抓紧器,其用于把不想要部分的器官腔组织拉进所述卡钉固定机构的卡钉固定区域内带有所述组织的邻近部分的所述组织接收腔之中,所述卡钉固定区域位于所述组织接收腔的径向外侧;和用来把所述不想要的器官腔组织从所述组织的已固定的邻近部分切除的装置,以便在所述器官腔组织内不会由于除去不想要的器官腔组织而产生敞开的孔。
本发明的另一方面提供一种如上述一方面所述的装置,用于固定的所述装置包括一卡钉固定机构,所述装置还包括一组织抓紧器,用于把不想要的器官腔组织拉进所述卡钉固定机构的卡钉固定区域之中,以使所述组织的邻近部分被设置在所述卡钉固定区域之内。
在其一方面,本发明提供了用来在器官腔内切除器官腔组织的有病状的一部分的装置,其方式为用紧固装置把剩余的器官腔组织接合起来。在这一方面,该装置包括用来夹住机能正常的器官腔组织,这种夹住最好是在所感兴趣的有病状的组织的各侧面上的在轴向上分离开的位置进行,并通过带有拖曳的机械压力或通过抽吸,即带有拖曳的负压把被夹住的组织拉进离开器官腔组织未被扰动的部分的一个切割区域中。因为被夹住的机能正常的组织包围着感兴趣的有病状或其它不想要的组织,所以把感兴趣的有病状或其它不想要的组织拉进切割区域中,最好横过该切割区域。
该装置还最好包括用来从周围的健康的器官腔组织把有病状的器官腔组织除去的装置,并且,还包括把组织固定在一起的装置,从而关于器官腔壁中的孔并横过该孔把健康的器官腔组织固定住,否则由于从健康的器官腔组织除去有病状的或不想要的器官腔组织而可能造成此孔,其方式使得把该孔封闭起来。把组织固定和切除的装置最好在切割有病状或其它不想要的组织之前把健康的组织固定在一起,其方式使有病状的组织随后接触到健康的组织的机会减到最小,并使留下任何孔以至通过该组织壁泄露材料的可能性减到最小,有病状的或其它不想要的组织就是由此部分壁除去的。
最好,在本发明的装置的一个实施例中,该装置的切割装置部分包括一个纵向上细长的刀片,它最好沿着一根纵向轴线关于该装置的其余部分并关于装置插入其中的器官腔平移。在本发明的用卡钉固定和切割的方面,本发明不限于单一长度的固定和切割操作。用卡钉固定和切割操作可以只沿着固定和切割路径的一个有限的部分,从而如果外科手术的目的是除去一块息肉,或也许是阑尾,在这样的情况下,被除去的组织相对较小和/或在顶头的取向下遇到,进行手术的外科医生或其他值班的健康专业人员可以调节和控制进行组织固定和切割的路径的长度。
一个封壳的最好在器官腔内的操作使一个传统的内窥镜通过操作封壳变得容易,其方式使得可以认为该内窥镜为″蛇形″或″伸缩″进出该封壳,最好基本上与该封壳和一个管状连接件共轴线地运动,该封壳通过此连接件与一个操作控制模件连通。该内窥镜容许操作者看得见地在器官腔中向上引导该操作封壳,该内窥镜最好通过远离操作控制模件的一个孔由封壳的端部伸出,对操作者提供极好的观察。
一旦操作者利用该内窥镜和从而提供的观察把该封壳在器官腔中向上引导到所要求的位置,就可以把内窥镜拉进到封壳中,使得操作者可以观察对组织的夹住,用卡钉固定和切割操作,这些操作是由该操作封壳由封壳的里面进行的。在有病状的或其它不想要的组织由周围的健康组织切割并分离开之后,可以把该封壳打开,从而使得操作者可以用内窥镜观察伤口和用卡钉对它的接合,并且还可以如需要的那样对任何流血的部分进行灼烧。即使没有流血,仍可以打开操作封壳,使得可以用内窥镜观察伤口部位,为的是操作者可以确认没有孔或其它可能通过健康的器官腔壁组织发生泄漏的部位。另外,可以把内窥镜在轴向上向前推出封壳,在器官腔中由该封壳进一步向上,以便由封壳的外面观察伤口和它的用卡钉封闭的部位。
在另一方面,本发明提供了用来在器官腔内除去不想要的器官腔组织的圆柱形壁段,并在圆柱形除去的壁附近由任何一侧在圆周上把剩余的器官腔壁组织固定的装置。在这一方面,该装置最好包括用来把邻近不想要的器官腔组织的器官腔组织的圆周边缘固定在一起的装置,这部分组织将被作为一段圆柱形的器官腔组织除去,以防止在器官腔中产生一个缺口,否则由于除去作为一个圆柱形的段的不想要的器官腔组织而可能造成这样的缺口。在这一方面,本发明最好还包括用来在器官腔组织被固定在一起的圆周边缘的径向上的里面从器官腔切割作为一个圆柱形的段的不想要的器官腔组织的装置。最好,在本发明的这一方面,对组织进行固定和切割的装置围绕着圆周的组织边缘的整个360度同时把组织固定。在本发明的这一方面,对组织进行固定和切割的装置最好围绕着圆周的组织边缘的整个360度同时对组织进行切割。关于本发明的这一方面还有,对组织进行固定和切割的装置最好是顺序地进行固定,然后对组织进行切割的装置。在另一方面,本发明的装置的这一实施例包括用来用卡钉把组织固定在一起的装置,作为对组织进行固定的装置的至少一部分。
在另一方面,本发明提供了用来在器官腔内进行管状切除的装置,其中该装置包括一个连续的环形唇部。在唇部中最好有缝合装置,用来穿过环绕着唇部的组织,并从而把组织紧固在一起。
在又一方面,本发明提供了用来在器官腔内在整个厚度上切除组织的方法,这是靠用人工的紧固件使组织接合。
本发明的方法之一的一种优选的实施方法包括通过自然存在的人体孔或一个外科手术切口把一个组织切割装置插入到人体的器官腔。方法的第二步骤是在器官腔把该装置向前推进到有病状的组织或想要切除的组织的区域,在这里将进行外科手术把有病状的组织除去或结扎成一个器官腔。此方法的另一步骤是缝合确定该器官腔的一个壁的周围的组织,把其中的一个孔关闭起来,否则由于除去不想要的组织而可能造成这样的孔,这部分组织被推或被拉或被操纵进入被切割的位置。此方法的又一个步骤是由确定器官腔的一个壁的周围的组织切掉被推或被拉或被操纵的有病状的组织,该装置就在此器官腔中。
一个最佳的步骤在于,另外地推或拉或操纵将被切除的组织进入该装置的一个内部腔室中。
另一个可选用的步骤为保存被切割的组织,这部分组织被推或被拉或被操纵进入装置的内部腔室,处于与器官腔壁隔离开或分离开的一个位置。又一个步骤为沿着该器官腔并由人体的孔中拉出该装置,同时保存被切割的组织,这部分组织曾被推或被拉或被操纵进入装置的内部腔室,处于与器官腔壁隔离开或分离开的一个位置。
在又一方面,本发明提供了用来在器官腔在圆周上切除器官腔组织的方法,该方法包括把一个对组织进行缝合和切割的装置通过人体自然存在的孔插入到人体的器官腔。此方法的第二步骤是使装置在该器官腔向前推进到要被在圆周上除去的不想要的器官腔组织的部位。第三步骤是把将在圆周上被切除的不想要的器官腔组织拉进与装置有关的一个环形切割区域中。第四步骤是用卡钉把将要切除的圆柱形组织的环形边缘附近的周围的器官腔组织固定,把否则由于除去作为组织的一个圆柱形的段的不想要的器官腔组织而可能造成的孔关闭起来。第五步骤是由周围的器官腔组织上切掉不想要的圆柱形器官腔组织。
在方法中一个可供选用的步骤是把被切掉的不想要的圆柱形的器官腔组织保留在装置中,同时把该装置通过自然存在的孔由器官腔抽出,保持被切掉的不想要的圆柱形器官腔组织与健康的器官腔壁组织分开。
在实施本发明的这一方法时,用卡钉固定组织最好围绕着组织圆形边缘的整个360度同时进行。类似地,组织的切割步骤最好围绕着圆周的组织边缘的整个360度同时进行。
本发明的方法和装置的实施例的一个重要方面是在从该器官腔的周围组织壁切割有病状或不想要的组织之前缝合围绕着有病状组织的那些组织,这部分周围的组织确定了器官腔的一个壁,本发明的装置就在此器官腔中。
本发明的方法和装置的一个重要的可供选用的方面是把被切掉和被除去的组织保留在装置的内部,离开器官腔壁。这是重要的,其重要之点在于这使有严重疾病的组织或其它不想要的组织与仍作为人体一部分的健康的组织接触的机会减到最小,也防止了器官腔的内容物可能泄漏到周围身体的空间中。
本发明的方法和装置的另一重要的方面是当由器官腔壁除去恶性组织,有病状的组织或另外的不想要的组织时,通过它的整个厚度的整个壁结构可以被切掉和被除去,而没有任何一层组织是除外的,或被留下。还有,本发明的方法和装置使得完全除去壁组织变得容易,减小了在完成切除之后留下任何有病状的组织的机会,并有效地使这样的机会减到最小。
这些方法和装置也可以用于对于健康的正常的组织的手术,比如为了绝育切除输卵管。
本发明也可以用于进行阑尾切除术。在这样的情况下,操作者可以与本发明的装置一起使用一个气球和一种传统的内窥镜把阑尾拉到肠内部中,并进入本发明的装置的一个操作封壳部分中,而完全不用使阑尾倒转。只希望阑尾被部分地倒转;然而,完全的倒转也是可以接受的。一旦把阑尾足够地拉进操作封壳中,在阑尾的根部进行缝合和组织切割,使阑尾被保存在操作封壳中。当检测到阑尾结石时,这一步骤是特别希望的和特别必要的。
尽管主要针对肠胃系统的外科手术,这些方法和装置也可以用于其它器官系统,包括生殖-泌尿系统的外科手术。这些装置也可以被用于,并且这些方法可以被改变后用于通过小的皮肤切口,从而进行活组织检查,和采用内窥镜,放射性的或其它类型的成像装置在一个身体腔室,比如胸腔或腹腔中从远距离切除组织。还有,采用本发明的装置和方法可以进行血管内的外科手术。
附图说明
图1被分成图1A和1B,此图是体现本发明内容的用来当在器官腔(比如结肠)内部时从器官腔(比如结肠)的壁上除去恶性组织或其它不想要的组织的装置的一第一和优选实施例的等角投影图;
图1A以等角投影方式示出了体现本发明的内容的这种装置的一个操作控制模件部分,并示出了带有也体现本发明内容的柔性管状装置的缆索的一部分;
图1B以等角投影方式示出了体现本发明内容的在纵向上细长的操作封壳装置,并示出了带有柔性管状装置的在图1A中未示出的那部分缆索;
图2为图1中所示的装置的侧视图,该装置带有处于在图1所示的装置内部的位置的一个常规内窥镜,示出了一内窥镜与体现本发明内容的装置的一优选实施例结合使用的方式,为的是在器官腔内部从一个器官腔壁上除去恶性组织,其它有病状的组织或另外的不想要的组织;
图3为带有体现本发明内容的柔性管状装置的缆索的一部分的放大了的剖面图,是如图2中的标有″图3″的方框所示的那样取的;
图4为沿图2中的线和箭头4-4所截取的带有柔性管状装置的缆索的剖面图;
图5为沿图4中的线和箭头5-5所截取的带有柔性管状装置的缆索的剖面图;
图6为两个锥形圆盘的侧视图,示出了分离开的圆盘,这些圆盘在图1A,1B,2,3,4和5中所示的带有柔性管状装置的缆索内;
图7为沿图2中的线和箭头7-7所截取的体现本发明内容的操作控制模件装置的断开的部分剖面图,示出了旋钮和缆索的运动,这种运动为的是实现操作封壳装置的相对于该操作封壳的纵向轴线的横向运动;
图8和9为操作封壳装置的顶视图,示出了操作封壳关于操作封壳的纵向轴线的左右运动;
图10为沿图2中的线和箭头7-7所截取的操作控制模件装置的剖面图,示出了旋钮和缆索的运动,这种运动为的是实现操作封壳装置的相对于该封壳的纵向轴线的竖直运动;
图11和12为操作封壳装置的侧视图,示出了操作封壳关于操作封壳的纵向轴线的竖直运动;
图13为沿图2中的线和箭头7-7所截取的操作控制模件装置的剖面图,示出了旋钮和缆索的运动,这种运动为的是实现操作封壳的打开和关闭;
图14为沿图9中的线和箭头14-14所截取的体现本发明内容的操作控制模件装置的竖直剖面图,所示出的操作封壳处于它的关闭状态;
图15为体现本发明内容的操作封壳装置的部分剖面侧视图,所示出的操作封壳处于打开状态;
图16为在图10和13中由左向右看的体现本发明内容的操作控制模件装置的断开的部分剖面图;
图17为类似于图16的图,但是示出了处于不同状态的操作控制模件的某些部分;
图18为体现本发明内容的操作封壳装置的部分断开等角投影图,所示出的封壳处于打开状态,示出把组织用卡钉固定和切割组织的装置的部件;
图19为示于图18的体现本发明内容的操作封壳装置的一下壳体的一唇部的等角投影图,进一步示出了把组织用卡钉固定和切割组织的装置的部件;
图20为体现本发明内容的一个缝合支承件的侧视图;
图21为示于图20的缝合支承件的顶视图;
图22为示于图20和21的缝合支承件的由图20的左向右看的前视图;
图23为示于图20,21和22的缝合支承件的等角投影图;
图24为示于图19的操作封壳装置的下唇部的内部的部分断开的侧视图;
图25为沿图24中的线和箭头25-25所截取的示于图18,19和24的操作封壳装置的下唇部的剖面图;
图26为沿图24中的线和箭头26-26所截取的示于图18,19和24的操作封壳的下唇部的剖面图;
图27为由如图16和17的同一侧面所截取的体现本发明内容的操作控制装置的部分断开的侧视图;
图28为体现本发明内容的操作封壳装置的侧视图,所示出的封壳处于打开状态,示出的可远距离操作的组织夹钳在操作封壳中;
图29为体现本发明内容的操作控制模件装置的部分断开的等角投影图,示出了采用操作控制模件的控制旋钮对操作封壳的某些部分的控制;
图30为示于图1B,2,8,9,11,12,14,15,18和28的操作封壳装置的部分断开的等角投影图,示出了用来实现操作封壳的各种运动和功能的组织夹钳和控制缆索;
图31为示于图1B,2,8,9,11,12,14,15,18,28和30的操作封壳的部分断开的等角投影图,示出了对恶性组织,有病状的组织或其它不想要的组织进行夹取,把那部分组织带到操作封壳的内部,并示意性地示出把组织用卡钉固定和对组织进行切割,把操作封壳中的组织与周围的健康组织分开;
图32为体现本发明内容的装置的第二实施例的剖面示意性侧视图,该装置用来在器官腔(比如结肠)把恶性组织或其它不想要的组织由一个器官腔(比如结肠)的壁上除去,这是靠除去器官腔的壁的圆柱形的一段,此段包括这样的恶性组织或其它不想要的组织。
在图中和下面的文字部分中,在图中所采用的标号完全对应于在文中所描述的带标号的结构。
具体实施方式
一般性地参见图并具体地参见图1A和1B,用来在一个器官内部从器官(比如结肠)壁除去恶性组织,其它有病状的组织或另外的不想要的组织的装置被总体地标记为10,它包括一个在纵向上细长的总体地被标记为12的操作封壳和一个总体地被标记为14的操作控制模件和一根携带着柔性管状件的总体地被标记为16的缆索,此缆索把操作封壳12与操作控制模件14连接起来。操作封壳12最好包括一个外壳18,在它的纵向上的一个端部有一个最好为曲线的端部20,这一端部也是装置10的在纵向上的端部。
图2示出了用来从一个器官腔壁除去恶性组织,其它有病状的组织或另外的不想要的组织的装置的一个优选实施例,它被总体地标记为10,并在图1A和1B中示出了工作方式,它最好与一个内窥镜结合起来使用,该内窥镜被总体地标记为216,并在一个柔性管状传输装置220的端部有一个顶端218。传输装置220配装在一个通道中,并穿过这一通道,此通道在装置10的在纵向上细长的可操作封壳12和携带着柔性管状件的缆索16的长度上沿轴向延伸。
内窥镜216还包括一个控制段,其总体地被标记为222,此段的构形大致为锥形的,如图2中所示。控制段222包括一个观察件224,一个输入光源226,一个运动控制盘228,一个运动控制旋钮230,一个进入口232和一个按钮控制234。
内窥镜216的柔性管状传输装置220的顶端218包括由通过柔性管状传输装置220伸展的光学纤维装置提供的一束光,并接受发自输入光源226的光。外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员靠旋转运动控制盘228和运动控制旋钮230和靠在轴线上向前推内窥镜216特别是它的柔性管状传输装置220可以操纵柔性管状传输装置220的顶端218。运动控制盘228有曲线边缘的由该边缘除去的切掉部分,以便于用手指容易抓住盘228。
外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员可以靠把顶端218通过直肠插入到结肠中并随后把顶端218引导到结肠来检查结肠,这是靠当柔性管状传输装置220进一步进入到结肠中时通过观察件224观察实现的。光学纤维装置把观察件224与顶端218连接起来,从而当内窥镜216的柔性管状传输装置220沿着由结肠所确定的曲折通道向前推进时,为外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员提供前面的图像。可供选择的还有,内窥镜可以有连到一电视摄像机的观察光学纤维装置,以代替观察件224,或附加到观察件224上,从而使得外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员可以在高分辨率电视屏幕上观察到结肠的内部(就像由顶端218看到的那样)。
在内窥镜216的顶端218还可选择性地装有小的加热器,如所希望的那样进行灼烧。另外,外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员可以利用进入口232插入一根导液管或其它的柔性探头,使它们穿过柔性管状传输装置220的整个长度,并由顶端218伸出,进行所要求的外科或病理处理。
进一步参见图4和5,在图4中以横向或轴向的剖面示出了内窥镜216的柔性管状传输装置220。内窥镜216在柔性管状传输装置220内有四个轴向的通道,这些通道伸展穿过柔性管状传输装置220;这些通道被标以带有下标1到4的数字236,把四个通道的每一个区分开来。典型地,一个通道236在顶端218带有一根多股光学纤维提供的一束光,一第二通道236携带着一根多股光纤,用来把在顶端218看到的图像传输到观察件224和/或一个适当的电视显示装置上,一第三通道236携带着由运动控制圆盘228或运动控制旋钮230驱动的控制缆索或其它的控制机构,而一第四通道236是空的,使得外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员可以使用可通过进入口232插进此第四通道的各种装置。在图中未示出在通道2 36中的光学纤维装置,控制机构和光传输装置,为的是避免图的混乱。
柔性管状传输装置220最好是柔性的海绵状材料或其它材料,而对于通道236的存在而言此装置是实心的,并被柔性的橡胶,乙烯树脂或其它柔性平滑材料的鞘套环绕着,从而可以把柔性管状传输装置220通过直肠插进结肠中,而不会损害直肠组织。
柔性管状传输装置220当在装置10中时最好但不必须与携带柔性管状件16的缆索共轴线并同圆心,如在图4和5中所一般性地示出的那样。
仍参见图2,并另外参见图8,9,11,12,14,15,18,28和30,操作封壳12的外壳18包括一个上壳部22和下壳部24,用铰链或其它适当的枢轴装置把它们连接起来,在图1中看不见这些铰链,但在图15中示意性地示出了它们,并整体地标记为44。
上和下壳部22,24在纵向上对准,并可以关于铰链44或其它枢轴装置彼此相对运动,从而上和下壳部22,24可以运动,进而靠上和下壳部22,24关于铰链44相对转动把壳体18打开。
上和下壳部22,24有各自的唇部26,28,当外壳18被关闭并且上和下壳部22,24彼此靠近时,它们最好彼此间隔开,如图14中所示。
参见图1,具体地参见图1A,并也参见图7,10,13,16,17,27和29,操作控制模件14包括一个基座30,一个把手32,一个通过一把手32支承在基座30的上方的壳体34,一个扳机36和多个控制旋钮,下面将更详细地描述这些旋钮,它们使操作封壳12的远距离的操作控制变容易。这些控制旋钮包括一个外壳打开/关闭控制旋钮38,一个操作封壳的左/右控制旋钮40和一个操作封壳的上/下控制旋钮42,所有这些旋钮在图1A中示出。控制旋钮38,40和42被装在各自的轴上,这些轴的大部分被隐藏起来,因此在图1A中未用标号表示,这些轴是用来使各自的旋转轮旋转,以驱动在壳体34中的与该轮相缠绕的缆索。各个控制旋钮38,40和42也在图7,10,13,16,17,27和29中示出了一个或多个。
用来当在一个器官腔(比如结肠)中从一个器官腔壁(比如结肠壁)除去恶性组织,其它病状的组织或另外的不想要的组织的装置10被设计成使得可以把操作封壳12通过直肠插入到结肠中,而操作控制模件14仍保留在病人身体的外面,但被带有柔性管状件16的缆索远距离地连到操作封壳12上。
如图16和17中最清楚地示出的那样,操作控制模件14还包括一个螺旋线圈弹簧钢制件54,它把可作枢轴转动的扳机36偏置,使它不在一第一缆索48上拉的方向上运动,该第一缆索被连接到旋转轮52上并在它旋转时关于旋转轮52是缠绕着的。第一缆索48通过带有柔性管状件16的缆索伸进操作封壳12中,以与一个斜面刀组件50相连接,该组件实现将组织固定卡钉向前推进和把组织切掉。希望斜面刀组件50是整体的,即,该组件由一个塑料-金属组件制成,或由一单件的金属件构成。斜面刀组件50在图17和18中示出,缆索48沿着下壳部24的唇部28所确定的一个路径拉该组件。
具体地参见图16和17,扳机36通过一个形成一个螺旋形片状弹簧的螺旋线圈弹簧钢制件54连接到旋转轮52上。当启动把组织固定卡钉向前推进和把组织切掉的装置,具体地说,启动斜面刀组件50时,操作者在扳机36上拉,使扳机36关于一个枢轴支承点37作枢轴转动,由图16中所示的位置移到图17中所示的位置。当操作人员在扳机36上拉时,螺旋线圈弹簧钢制件54伸展开,并且把螺旋线圈弹簧钢制件54的一部分由一放置的位置拉出,该钢制件在此位置缠绕在旋转轮52的一圆柱形肩部58上,从而使旋转轮52由图17中箭头A所示的方向上旋转。这一动作把第一缆索48在图17中指示箭头A1所示的方向上拉动。
在这一方向上拉动第一缆索48使得连接到操作封壳12中的斜面刀组件50上的缆索48,如图24中所示,的另一端沿着下壳部24的唇部28并在该唇部中拉动斜面刀组件50。如果操作人员把扳机36拉过扳机36的最大行进的角度范围,由图16所示的位置完全拉到由图17中所示的位置,斜面刀组件50就将由图18所示的位置沿着唇部28的整个曲线部分随后沿着其直线部分移动到图19所示的位置。
斜面刀组件50的前边缘,在图中该前边缘为300,与下唇部28的一个直立的部分相接触限制了斜面刀组件50的行进,如图19中所示。因此,一旦操作人员把扳机36拉过它的最大行进的角度范围,该操作人员将通过感觉感受到由于斜面刀组件的前边缘与图19中所示的直立支承件300的接触而不能进一步拉扳机36。
操作人员并不必须总是使扳机36移过它的整个弯曲和直线范围运行,从而沿着唇部28拉着斜面刀组件经过整个行进范围。控制扳机36的外科医生或其他值班的健康专业人员可以选择只沿着图17和18中所示的唇部28的弯曲部分推进斜面刀组件。例如,本发明可以被用来除去当以图18中箭头B所示的方向运动时操作封壳以头对着的方式遇到的组织。另外,如果想要除去大块的组织,在这种情况下被拉进操作封壳12中的组织覆盖住整个唇部28,外科医生或其他值班的健康专业人员把扳机36拉过它的整个角度运动范围,从而沿着唇部28的整个长度用卡钉固定住并切割组织。
如图16,17,18和30所示,第一缆索48最好为包括封装在一个外鞘套中的一个内多股线的那种类型,其中内多股线最好是实心的。不管该内多股线是实心的或是编织在一起的,该内多股线为一种高拉伸强度材料,并可以关于该外鞘套在轴向上运动。第一缆索48的内多股线在图中被标记为48I,而第一缆索48的外鞘套则被标记为48O。在所有的图中没有对内多股线48I和外鞘套48O分开编号,为的是避免图过分地混乱。
参见图3,4,5和6,带有柔性管状件16的缆索包括一个最好为圆柱形的外鞘套60,而第一缆索48通过它把扳机36与斜面刀组件50相连接,一个中空的最好为圆柱形的内鞘套62,它最好但不必须与外鞘套60同圆心,以及多个在外鞘套60与内鞘套62之间的最好是被截断的或截头圆锥形的圆盘。每一单个的圆锥形的圆盘在图中被整体地标记为64。在图3,4,5和6中最清楚地示出了圆盘64。每一单个的圆锥形的圆盘64最好包括一个中空的中心圆锥部分66和在圆锥形部分66的基底上的一个环形凸缘68。每个固盘64有一个轴向上的内孔74,它最好在圆锥形部分66的中心。内鞘套62在圆盘64的轴向上的内孔74的里面。
每个圆盘64最好还有一个在中心的圆锥形部分66上形成的中凸的圆锥形外表面70。每个圆盘64也最好包括一个在中心的圆锥形部分66的内部上形成的最好是中凹的圆锥形表面72和一个在中心的圆锥形部分66的外部上形成的最好是中凸的圆锥形表面70。中凹的圆锥形内表面72的形状被做成与一在轴向上紧相邻的圆盘64的中凸的圆锥形外表面70滑动,并基本上互补地与表面70面对面地接触。这种设置使在轴向上相邻的圆盘64之间的接触容易移动,容易滑动,容易扭转,在图5和6中最清楚地示出了这种设置。
由环形凸缘68伸展的圆盘64的部分的大致为圆锥形的几何形状用来使相邻的圆盘通常保持在共轴线和对准的位置,但尽管如此,仍容许在柔性件16的外圆柱形鞘套60里面的圆盘64柱可以扭转和转弯,以便当操作封壳12在轴向上于器官腔中沿轴向行进时,可以与由身体器官腔所确定的可能是非常曲折的路径一致。中凹的圆锥形内表面72与紧相邻的圆盘的中凸的圆锥形外表面70基本上互补地面对面地接触的这种设置提供了足够的刚度,使柔性件16不会突然弯曲。为了柔性件16可以保持缆索不弯曲,比如第一缆索48,在控制模件14的操作人员通过这一缆索控制操作封壳12,这一点是重要的。如果这些缆索弯曲并形成扭结,可能会失去对操作封壳12的控制。失去对操作封壳12的控制可能是灾难性的,要求在完成感兴趣的外科手术之前就把装置10由病人身体中抽出。
当带有柔性管状件16的缆索弯向一端时,相邻的圆盘64的凸缘68之间的干扰妨止管状件16的进一步的弯曲,从而使由带有柔性管状件16的缆索所携带的并穿过该缆索的控制缆索的任何扭转的可能性减到最小。
圆盘64的这种设置防止了带有柔性管状件16的缆索的自折叠,也防止了柔性管状件16的叠缩。圆盘64容许柔性管状件16传递轴向上的驱动作用力,这种作用力是需要外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员施加的,以便沿着结肠在轴向上移动操作封壳12和带有柔性管状件16的缆索。圆盘64使得这样的在轴向,即使是结肠的轴线上的驱动作用力的传递变容易,因此,操作封壳12和带有柔性管状件16的缆索所按照的的路径是弯曲的。当带有柔性管状件的缆索沿着结肠的轴线向前推进操作封壳12时,轴线的取向是随着柔性管状件16的弯曲的位置或各位置而连续改变的。圆锥形圆盘64在管状件16中的这种设置提供了当柔性管状件16改变位置和取向同时沿着结肠轴线向前推进时,必不可少的在轴向上传递必要的驱动作用力的能力。
参见图1A,7,8和9,操作封壳12的左和右控制通过封壳的左/右控制旋钮40的旋转来实现。封壳的左/右控制旋钮40可转动地装设在轴112上,此轴进而可转动地装设在操作控制模件14的壳体34上,一个旋转轮114固定地连接在其上,如图7中所示。一根缆索116缠绕在旋转轮114上,该缆索称为″第二″缆索,以便区分缆索116与″第一″缆索48;第二缆索116的各端由操作控制模件14通过带有柔性管状件16的缆索伸展到操作封壳12。左/右控制旋钮40在各自方向上的旋转造成操作封壳12相对于它的纵向轴线向右和向左运动,如图8和9中所分别示出的那样。在图8和9中,带斜线的标记表示了参考的纵向轴线,操作封壳12相对于它的向右和向左的运动分别在图8和9中以箭头R和L表示。
参见图15,操作封壳12有一个由上壳部22和下壳部24确定的可打开部分和一个整体记作118的过渡部分。过渡部分118是不能打开的;过渡部分118用来把装置10的截面尺寸由操作封壳12的在上和下壳部22,24区域的截面尺寸降低到由带有柔性管状件16的缆索的截面所确定的一个较小的截面。
过渡部分118包括一个隔板120和一个外表面部或外壳部122,此外壳部为大致中空的,如图15中所示。
隔板120最好提供一个牢固的支承和安装部位,用于当使上壳部22相对于下壳部24旋转从而打开操作封壳12时用来移动封壳12的上壳部22的机构。另外,隔板120对于可移去的下唇部28提供了支承。还有,隔板120接受第二缆索116I的各端部,具体地说第二缆索116的内多股线116的各端部。第二缆索116的这些各自的端部最好在隔板120的横向上的极端位置在隔板120的竖直方向上的中点的位置被连接到隔板120上。第二缆索116最好通过在过渡部分118的在轴向上与隔板120相对的那一端上的凸缘124中的各自的适当狭缝进入过渡部分118。在图30中示出了凸缘124。
第二缆索116的各外多股线116O最好在凸缘124的在直径上相对的侧面上在它的水平轴线上形成的各自狭缝中。第二缆索116的外多股线116O的这些各自的端部在图30中示出。内多股线116I与隔板120的连接在图中未画出,为的是避免图的混乱。
穿过带有柔性管状件16的缆索的第二缆索116的各自端部在圆盘64的环形凸缘68中的被标记为126,126′的在直径上相对的各自狭缝中,如图4中所示。第二缆索116由控制模件14的壳体34通过一个图7中所示的凸缘128进入带有柔性管状件16的缆索,此凸缘与在带有柔性管状件16的缆索的相对的端部上并在图17和24中示出的凸缘124大致对应。
一般性地参见图10,11和12,操作封壳12的上/下控制通常由封壳的上/下控制旋钮42的旋转来实现,它们形成操作控制模件14的一部分。封壳的上/下控制旋钮42可转动地装设在一轴130上,此轴可转动地装设在操作控制模件14的壳体34上,用来相对于该壳体转动。一个旋转轮132固定地连接到轴130上,一第三缆索134缠绕在该旋转轮上。类似于第一和第二缆索48,116,希望第三缆索134有一个被标记为带有下标″I″的实心内多股线和被标记为带有下标″O″的一个外鞘套。
第三缆索134的各部分通过带有柔性管状件16的缆索伸展,并进入过渡部分118,在那里,第三缆索134的各端部,具体地说,内多股线134I的各端部被固定地连接到隔板120上。第三缆索134的这些端部在操作封壳12的竖直轴线的顶端和底端固定地连接到隔板120上。这些连接没有在图中示出,以避免图的混乱。
类似于第二缆索116和第一缆索48,第三缆索134靠通过凸缘128中的各自孔进入带有柔性管状件16的缆索,并当第三缆索134伸展带有柔性管状件16的缆索的整个长度时,处在圆盘64的凸缘68的狭缝136,136′中。在图29中示出了第三缆索134穿过凸缘128中的孔的这种设置。在图4中示出了第三缆索134在圆盘64的凸缘68中的狭缝136,136′中的设置。在图30中示出了第三缆索134在凸缘124中的各自狭缝中的设置,在那里,第三缆索134进入过渡部分118。
当由于旋转轮132的旋转使缆索134在各自的方向上在隔板120上拉动时,封壳的上/下控制旋钮42在由图10中各未标明数字的箭头所表示的方向上的旋转造成操作封壳12相对于纵向参考轴线的上和下运动,如图10和11中分别由箭头U和D所示出的那样。
在图10中未用数字标出封壳的左/右控制旋钮40和与它有关的旋转轮轴和缆索,为的是避免图的混乱。类似地,在图7中未示出操作封壳的上/下控制旋钮42,轴130和旋转轮132以及相关的第三缆索134,为的是避免图的混乱。
参见图13,操作封壳12的打开和关闭最好通过由操作者对封壳的打开/关闭控制旋钮38的旋转来实现。封壳的打开/关闭控制旋钮38装设在一轴138上,该轴可旋转地连接装在壳体34的内部,并伸展进壳体34的内部。在它的与壳体34中的封壳的打开/关闭控制旋钮38相对着的那一端,把一斜齿轮140固定地安装在轴138上。
旋转轮142与旋转轮114和132共轴线地安装,但是可以独立地自由旋转。旋转轮142有在它的一侧上形成的一个斜齿轮表面144。斜齿轮表面144的齿与斜齿轮140的齿啮合。因此,封壳的打开/关闭控制旋钮38的旋转和所造成的斜齿轮140的旋转用来驱动轮142关于它的旋转轴线旋转。一第四缆索146缠绕在旋转轮142上,使得当旋转轮142旋转时,由它伸展的第四缆索146的两部分中的一部分向前伸出旋转轮142,而第四缆索146的其余部分由于被缠绕在旋转轮142上而缩进。
第四缆索146由操作控制模件14伸展通过带有柔性管状件16的缆索,并伸进过渡部分118中。
参见图13和14,一根有螺纹的轴148最好可旋转地装设在被固定地连接到隔板120上的一个支座块体150上。一个驱动轮152被固定地安装在有螺纹的可旋转的轴148的一端上,并可以与该轴一起旋转。第四缆索146最好缠绕在驱动轮152上,如图13和14中所示。
由于轮142的旋转,这种旋转是由于封壳的打开/关闭控制旋钮38的转动带来的,第四缆索146的一部分的向前运动和第四缆索146的其余部分的伴随的缩进使有螺纹的可旋转的轴148旋转。
一个螺母154以螺纹与轴148相接合,并由于轴148的旋转而可以自由地沿着它运动。一个臂156固定地连接到螺母154上。臂156由螺母154大致水平地伸展,朝向操作封壳12的唇部26,28所在的那一侧;这就是操作封壳12由于上壳部22相对于下壳部24的旋转而打开的那一侧。
一根销柱158最好大致在纵向上平行于操作封壳12和带有柔性管状件16的缆索的轴线伸展,由臂156朝向操作封壳12的弯曲的轴向和纵向的端部。销柱158有一个轴部和一个头部,在图中这两部分都没有用数字标出。销柱158的头部被安装在连接到上壳部22并形成它的一部分的一个提升臂160上。销柱158穿过隔板120中的一个狭缝或其它开口,提供臂156与提升臂160之间的连接。
当驱动轮152使有螺纹的轴148在一个给定的方向旋转时,因为轴148在轴向上是不能移动的,这使得螺母154在轴148上上下移动,上还是下取决于轴148的旋转方向。当螺母154在轴148上向上时,当装置的位置为图中所示的位置时,轴148的这种旋转引起上壳部22相对于下壳部24向上旋转,从而打开操作封壳12,如图18所大致示出的那样。由于第四缆索146的其余部分的向前进有螺纹的轴148在相反方向上的旋转使螺母154沿着有螺纹的可转动的轴148向下移动,使得上壳部22朝着下壳部24旋转,从而按照封壳的打开/关闭控制旋钮38的旋转关闭操作封壳12。
尽管示出的操作封壳的打开/关闭机构采用了一个螺母沿着一根有螺纹的轴的移动来实现打开和关闭,但是设置一个或多个小的电动机或液压马达实现打开和关闭的功能也在本发明的范围之内。当采用这样的马达时,可以采用在任何其它适当的驱动机构或装置上的齿轮或活塞打开和关闭操作封壳。
一般性地参见图18,19,24和26,斜面刀组件50被制作成带有一个刀部76,它有一个倾斜的切割组织的前边缘78。斜面刀组件50还包括一个水平的基座部分80和一个倾斜的把卡钉向前推进的斜面部分82。第一缆索48可移动地固定到斜面刀组件50上,最好在刀部76的倾斜的切割组织的前边缘78的紧贴着的下面的一个位置装到水平基座部分80的底表面上,如图18和24到26中所示。最好用一个弹簧夹子302把第一缆索48保持在其位置上,并把第一缆索48可移去地装设到斜面刀组件50上,该夹子它被固定到斜面刀组件50的下表面上,如在图25和26中最清楚地示出的那样。弹簧夹子302使第一缆索48的一端与它保持接合;缆索48的第一端最好装有一个在图24中示出的旋钮304,这一旋钮与弹簧夹子302相互作用,从而当第一缆索48在图24中以向右的方向前进时,弹簧夹子302与旋钮304之间的相互作用迫使斜面刀组件50在图24中向右。这种用弹簧夹子302把第一缆索48固定在其位置的设置容许一旦完成缝合或用卡钉固定功能之后并使用了卡钉把组织紧固在一起和卡钉不再在封壳12的下唇部28内时再次使用缆索48和封壳12的上部。
最好,用塑料,金属或某些适用的刚性材料制作操作封壳12的下壳部24,从而下壳部24有一个中空的内部。最可取的是,操作封壳12的下壳部24是塑料的,就像唇部28那样。这一中空的内部在图18和19中可以通过剖开看到,并可以在图25和26的剖面图中看到,这一中空的内部确定了当斜面刀组件50向前进并实现它的把卡钉向前推进(为了把组织固定住)和切割组织的功能时斜面刀组件50所行进的弯曲并随后直的路径。
最可取的是,下壳部24的唇部28被构造成可以容易地搭扣在其位置,并容易地由下壳部24的其余部分移去,而唇部28最好被构造成如图19中所示的那样。在唇部28的各自端部上可以设有适当的搭扣进和搭扣开的夹紧装置和几何构形;一种这样的搭扣进和搭扣开的结构在图19中被标以84。唇部28的搭扣进和搭扣开的结构是优选的,为的是一旦卡钉被放置到组织中并完成了给定的外科手术之后,可以由下壳部24上除去用过的唇部28,并可以用装有适用的卡钉的一个新的下壳部28替换,为的是可以多次再使用操作封壳12,以便把与进行这样的外科手术有关的成本降到最低。
关于操作封壳12的材料,只要材料可以被适当地消毒,为的是再次使用操作封壳12,可以采用任何适用的塑料,金属或其它适用的刚性或半刚性的一种或几种材料。
唇部28有一个在纵向上沿着它的下面的里面部分伸展的狭缝。由于唇部28在图19中的定位,此狭缝在图19中看不见,但是在图26的剖面图中可以清楚地示出此狭缝。在图26中以标号186整体地标记此狭缝,此狭缝由下唇部28的内壁96的下端188和下唇部28的水平底表面190确定出。
斜面刀组件50的水平基座部分80的内横向端支承着对于斜面刀组件50的刀部76的一个向上直立的刀支承件192,此横向端在横向上通过该狭缝伸展,并由该狭缝向外伸展,向里伸进封壳的里面。这种结构在图25和26中示出。另外,刀支承件192,刀部76和特别是它的刀切割前边缘78在唇部28的上端的上方伸展;在图19和25中该上端用86标记。上端86由一个最好是平面的表面88确定出,在图23中最清楚地示出,此表面可以是水平的,或可以由唇部28的外面部分向其里面部分稍微向里倾斜。不论是哪种情况,刀部76的倾斜的刀切割前边缘78都在该上端86所确定的唇部28的上内边缘的上方伸展。因此,当斜面刀组件50横过由下唇部28的中空的内部确定的弯曲随后直的路径时,任何横过平面的上表面88伸展越过边缘86,并进入封壳12的里面的组织都被刀76的倾斜的组织切割前边缘78切开。尽管被示出的优选实施例中的装置在封壳12的上和下唇部26,28之间有开口,它大致位于封壳12的水平中点,但这并不是要求的。封壳12的上和下壳部22,24分开以便提供两个面对着的唇部的位置不必须是在封壳12的水平方向上的中点,组织的缝合功能和切割功能都在这里实现,并且,实际上,甚至关于封壳12的纵向轴线不必须在封壳的一个对称位置。
在图18和19中示出并在图25和26中以截面示出的斜面刀组件50的优选构形对组件提供了稳定性。具体地说,希望斜面刀组件50的工作表面至少大致是平面的;这些表面的例子为向前缝合斜面的外侧表面90;斜面刀组件50的底表面,即,斜面刀组件50的水平部分80的朝下的表面,此表面在图19,25或26中未标以数字;刀支承部分192的外表面,以及斜面刀组件50的刀部76的外侧表面92(相对于作为整体的操作封壳12在外侧)。外侧表面92以互补的面对着的方式与下唇部28的内壁部96的朝里的表面94(相对于所考虑的作为整体的操作封壳12为朝里)相接触,如图19中所示。
可以把斜面刀组件50制作成朝外的表面90有两个分开的部分,一个朝前的部分90F和一个朝后的部分90R,其中表面90F和90R可以关于在它们之间的一根在图19中以98示出的竖直边界彼此相对有一个小的角度。如果在图19中以L1示出的斜面刀组件50的纵向长度相对于下唇部28的弯曲端的曲率半径并因此相对于当斜面刀组件50实现其把组织固定卡钉向前推进和组织切割的功能时斜面刀组件50沿着它行进的路径的所造成的弯曲部分的半径较大,这样的几何形状可能是所希望的;该路径最好由下唇部28的中空的内部确定出。
在本发明的装置的优选实施例中,斜面刀组件50最好用单片的柔性材料,最好是塑料制成,该材料的柔性要足够地大,使得该斜面刀组件可以容易地绕着当斜面刀组件实现其把组织固定卡钉向前推进和切割组织的功能时斜面刀组件沿着它行进的路径的弯曲部分滑动。当然,刀部最好是金属的,以便提供极锋利的边缘,从而组织的切割形成一个鲜明的很好确定了的切口。
在表面90F和90R与下唇部28的外壁102的朝里的表面100之间的滑动的基本上互补地面对着的接触,如图26中所示,其提供了当斜面刀组件在下唇部28中行进时进一步的稳定性。
在图18到26中最清楚地示出了本发明的组织固定卡钉装置方面。具体地参见图20,单个的卡钉104最好由极细的实心不锈钢线,钛或其它适当的永久的或不会分解的组织固定卡钉/缝合材料制成。每个卡钉104初始最好由三个直的部分构成,具体地说,为由一个标记为264的卡钉基座连接起来的两个被标记为262和262′的卡钉指状部。卡钉指状部262,262′原始最好彼此平行,并最好有相同的长度。卡钉指状部262,262′最好以对于卡钉基座264基本上为直角的方式由卡钉基座264伸展。每个卡钉104最好被装设在一个卡钉支承件的一相应卡钉支承块中。
一般性地参见图20到23,一个卡钉支承件被整体地标记为166,它包括两个卡钉支承块体,它们被分别标记为168,168′,一个大致为梯形构形的实心连接件170把它们整体地连接在一起。最好,每个卡钉支承件166为整体结构,使得各自卡钉支承块体168,168′和连接件170为一个最好注塑或压塑的塑料的整体件。
由图20到23可以清楚地看到,每个卡钉支承件166的卡钉支承块体168,168′最好为长方形的实心构形,并在纵向上彼此偏置,如图中所示。每个卡钉支承块体168,168′最好有一个在卡钉支承块体的纵向长度上伸展的纵向的凹槽172,其处在向上朝着的卡钉支承块体168,168′的最好为平面的表面内。纵向凹槽172的尺寸和关于卡钉基座164的形状被做成可以以一种可脱开的方式把卡钉基座164保持住。一旦实现用卡钉把组织固定并把操作封壳从身体上移走之后,容易地把卡钉104由纵向凹槽172中拉出,并保留在被卡钉固定的组织中,卡钉穿过这部分组织,从而把用卡钉固定的组织固定在一起。
卡钉支承块体168的构形最好为大致长方形的实心件,连接件170最好有一个倾斜的下表面,把它整个地标记为174。
最好把多个卡钉支承件166装设在下壳部24的下唇部28中;在图24中示出了一组示例性的卡钉支承件166。一个卡钉支承件166的每个卡钉支承块体168,168′与在唇部28的平面的上表面88中形成的各自最好为长方形的孔108基本上在竖直方向上对准,如图23中所示。孔108最好被设置成平行的两排,沿着斜面刀组件50行进的弯曲随后直的路径伸展,这一路径由下唇部28来确定。在里面那排孔被标记为带有下标″I″,而在外面那排孔108被标记为带有下标″O ″。孔108I和108O的间隔,特别是孔108I和108O在纵向上的偏置与一单个的卡钉支承件166的各自卡钉支承块体168,168′的纵向偏置相对应,在图23所提供的等角投影图中最清楚地示出了这样的偏置。
采用了类似的标记方法来标记与内和外排孔108相联系的内和外排卡钉支承块体168。在外排并与孔108O对准的外卡钉支承块体被标记为168O。在内排并与孔108I相联系的卡钉支承块体被标记为168I。这种设置在图23中示出。
特别地参见图24,示出了下壳部24的唇部28的一个剖面,外壁102基本上被破开,以便示出卡钉支承件166的设置和斜面刀组件50把卡钉支承件166向上推出实现用卡钉把组织固定的方式。
在图24中,下唇部28的内壁96有一个表面106,关于下唇部28的内部,该表面朝向里面,但是关于作为整体的操作封壳12是朝向外面。
表面106有一系列在其中形成的竖直伸展的通道,这些通道适用来滑动地容纳一卡钉支承件166的一卡钉支承块体168。在图24中只示出了其中一个这样的通道,它被标记为176,为的是使图清楚。对于每个卡钉支承件166最好有一个通道176。
每个通道176由筋部310形成,这些筋部之一在图23中示出,在横向上由表面106在垂直于图24的纸的平面的方向上向外伸出,并沿着图24中表面106的整个竖直高度伸展。在图24中以虚线示出并以180标记这些筋部的两个相邻的在竖直方向上伸展的在纵向上面对着的各表面;筋部310的表面180在图23中以一条线出现。
在每个筋部的远离表面106的那一端为一块壁板,它平行于表面106。在图24中示出了两块这样的壁板,并被整体地标记为178;一块壁板178在图23中示出,并被破开,以便示出壁板178与一缝合件支承块体168′之间的关系,特别是示出它的在纵向上相对着面对的表面181。在图24中以180标记两根虚线,它们表示筋部310的在纵向上面对着的在横向上伸展的表面,这些表面在图24中被壁板178挡住。筋部310的在纵向上面对着的表面180在纵向上离开紧邻近的筋部310的距离刚好稍微比一缝合件支承块体168的纵向长度大一点,在图23中由尺寸箭头L表示。因此,一缝合支承件166的里面的缝合件支承块体168可以在两个相邻的筋部310所确定的一个凹槽中在竖直方向上滑动地移动。
壁板178覆盖在筋部310的在纵向上面对着的表面180上。筋部310在横向上关于表面96向外伸展一个稍大于缝合件支承块体168在横向上的厚度的距离,此厚度在图23中由尺寸T表示。因为壁板178覆盖在在纵向上面对着的表面180上,并且因为筋部比缝合件支承块体168的厚度稍长,所以壁板178用来把缝合件支承块体以在竖直方向上可滑动的配置的方式保持在由表面106,筋部310和壁板178所确定的凹槽中。
在内排孔108I与外排孔108O之间的唇部28的上表面的一部分形成了一个对于缝合支承件166的阻挡件,在图23中以182整体地表示它。这一最好为塑料的窄条在纵向上伸展,并且当在相邻的筋部310所确定的凹槽中把缝合支承件166向上推时与相连接的件170的上表面184相冲突。因此,当斜面刀组件50在竖直方向上推缝合支承件166时,缝合件104可以穿过孔108,并且,缝合件支承块体168I,168O的上部可以类似地穿过相应的孔108I和108O。然而,缝合支承件166与材料窄条182之间的冲突限制了缝合支承件166的向上的行进。
被示出的缝合件为卡钉104。尽管如104所表示的卡钉是优选的,但是任何适用的缝合装置可以被用来代替在图中以104示出的卡钉。
仍参见图24,示出了形成各自卡钉支承件166的部分的多个外卡钉支承块体168O。为了使图清楚,只对一个卡钉支承件166以虚线示出了一个内卡钉支承块体168I。以虚线示出的该卡钉支承块体168I被表示在筋部310所确定的凹槽中的位置,该筋部的在纵向上面对着的表面被用虚线以180示出。
在与斜面刀组件50接触之前,在图24中以通常靠左的位置示出,一单个的卡钉支承件166位于如在图24中的最右侧的卡钉支承块体168O所示出的位置。在这样的位置,卡钉指状部262,262′是直的,并以与卡钉支承块体168O的上表面基本上为直角的角度伸展。
当把第一缆索48在图24中向右抽出时,第一缆索48把斜面刀组件50拉到图24中的右边。当斜面刀组件50行进到图24中的右边时,倾斜的斜面82直接位于唇部28的平面的上表面88中把孔108I与孔108O分开的区域182的下方,如在图18,19和23中所示。使卡钉支承件166的位置为各自的卡钉支承块体168I,168O与有关的孔108I,108O联系对齐,并因此使一个卡钉支承件的每个相连接的件170与倾斜的斜面82对准。连接件170的倾斜的下表面174最好以相应于斜面82的角度倾斜。因此,当第一缆索48使斜面刀组件50在图24中向右移动时,倾斜的斜面82与连接件170的倾斜的下表面174相接触,并竖直向上推动卡钉支承件166,连接件170是此支承件的一部分。在图24中示出了由于斜面刀组件50的水平方向的行进而使卡钉支承件166这种逐渐的竖直向上的移动。
当斜面刀组件50在图24中向右的行进把卡钉支承件166竖直向上推时,与它有关的卡钉指状部262,262′通过孔108,而携带卡钉104的卡钉支承块体168就与此孔相关联,这些卡钉指状部由下唇部28的上表面88露出来。当斜面刀组件50在图24中进一步向右时,斜表面82继续把卡钉支承件166竖直向上推。卡钉指状部262,260′碰到砧座表面260,这些砧座表面是在上壳部22的上唇部26中形成的,并在图24中示出。当卡钉指状部262,260′被向上推顶到砧座表面260时,卡钉指状部262,260′变弯,并在砧座表面260的狭缝形构形所确定的一个平面中弯过来。在图24的最左侧与卡钉支承块体168O有关的卡钉指状部262,262′示出了卡钉指状部262,262′在被斜面刀组件50确定的一个平面中的弯曲。在图26中示出了在上唇部26中的砧座表面260的狭缝形构形。
当组织在唇部26,28之间出现,并且,一个卡钉的卡钉指状部262,260′被驱动通过这部分组织顶到砧座表面260上时,在图24中示出的在通过位于唇部26,28之间的组织后使卡钉指状部262,260′变弯来把那部分组织固定在一起。由于与各自的孔108O和108I相联系的外和内卡钉支承块体168O,168I的存在,两排平行的卡钉或缝合件把组织固定在一起。在图31中以虚线示出了所造成的组织的固定。
进一步关于砧座表面260,如图26中以剖面所示出的那样,砧座表面260是彼此偏置了的,在上唇部26中砧座表面260的弯曲的面朝下的部分使卡钉指状部262,260′在向后的方向朝着卡钉指状部262,260′由卡钉基座264伸展离开的方向弯曲,其方式使得卡钉可以被认为在它们自身上向后弯曲,从而使位于操作封壳的两个唇部之间的组织层极好地固定在一起。
参见图2,27和29到31,本发明的装置方面的优选实施例还包括用来夹取组织,具体地说器官腔壁组织并把那部分器官腔壁组织拉进操作封壳12中使得那部分组织可以被切除和缝合,从而从该器官腔壁把有病状或其它不想要的组织除去的装置。在图2中把组织夹钳整体地标记为194。尽管示出了两个这样的组织夹钳,并且,两个组织夹钳是优选的,但是应该理解到,也可以只设置一个组织夹钳,或设置三个或更多的组织夹钳,这取决于被制作成的装置的尺寸和采用该装置进行处理的具体状况。
每个组织夹钳194最好包括一个把手件,整体地标记为196,该把手件包括两个最好整体制成的指环198和一个姆指环200。每个组织夹钳194还最好包括一根缆索202,它与在此文件中描述的其它缆索类似,缆索202包括里面部分和外面部分,它们分别用下标″I″和″O″表示;另外,每根缆索202还包括一个中间部分,以下标″M″表示它。
姆指环200是可以在轴向上相对于把手件196移动的,具体地说,相对于指环198在图2中以双向箭头TR表示的方向上移动。指环198被固定到缆索202的中间部分202M上。姆指环200被固定地连接到缆索202的里面部分202I上。
在缆索202的与指环198和姆指环200相对着的那一端,有两个装了弹簧的颚口夹型件204,它们被连接到缆索202的里面部分202I上。颚口夹型件204有两个互相面对的最好为金属的颚,每个有颚口型齿,由在颚的互相面对的部分上的交错形成。每个颚在图中被标记为206。
当颚口夹型件204被伸展出缆索202M的中间部分202时,颚口夹型件204的颚206的弹簧加载使得颚206是打开的。颚口夹型件204的这样的伸出是由相对于指环198向前推动姆指环200从而相对于中间部分202M向前推缆索202的里面部分202I实现的。缆索202的中间部分202M最好由有极好记忆特性的材料制成,使得外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员可以实现缆索202,特别是中间部分202M的所要求的弯曲,当把中间部分202M由缆索202的外面部分202O向前推或拉进该外面部分202O中时,这样的弯曲的中间部分202M将保持其弯曲。可以在把操作封壳12插入到所感兴趣的器官腔中之前人工地把所要求的弯曲引入到中间部分202M中,或者,可以在进行手术的过程中靠向前推缆索202的中间和里面部分直到颚口夹型件204接触到操作封壳12的刚性的内表面为止。一旦实现了这样的接触,缆索202的中间和里面部分202M,202I的继续向前推进将使缆索202的这些部分弯曲。由于中间部分202M的记忆特性,这一弯曲将保持在缆索22的中间和里面部分202M,202I中。
当外科医生或其他值班的专业人员把操作封壳12放在器官腔中所要求的位置并打开该操作封壳12,从而对将除去的不想要的组织提供入口时,必须夹住该器官腔壁并把它拉进操作封壳12足够远,以至在进行组织缝合和切除操作之前,使所有的有病状或其它不想要的组织在操作封壳12中。这种拉组织的动作最好利用组织夹钳194实现。具体地说,外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员最好首先朝着指环198向前推姆指环200。这就使在里面部分202I的端部的颚口夹型件204伸展出缆索202的中间部分202M,由于它的弹簧加载的作用而使颚口夹型件204的颚206打开。随后,外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员移动颚口夹型件,颚206是打开的,进入到所要求的位置夹住该器官腔壁组织的位置。这是靠把指环198与姆指环200一起向前推,从而缆索202的里面部分202I和中间部分202M以及颚口夹型件204所有一起相对于指环198向前推来实现,而不相对于指环198移动姆指环200。
一旦颚口夹型件204的打开的颚206处于所要求的位置,外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员向前推指环198,使它离开姆指环200,而保持姆指环200处在一个固定的位置。指环198的这种移动在图2中可能是向左的运动,这种运动使得缆索202的中间部分202M关于弹簧加载的颚口夹型件204的颚206的连接起来的端部关闭起来,从而使颚206朝向彼此关闭起来,并在锯齿状的颚206之间夹住组织。
一旦组织被夹住,外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员在图2中向右移动指环198和姆指环200,而不相对于姆指环200移动指环198。这有效地缩短了缆索202在操作封壳12内的长度,从而把被夹住的组织拉到封壳12中。在图31中示意性地示出了这种情况。
一旦指环98和姆指环200在图2中向右移动得足够远,而在它们之间没有任何相对移动,使得把组织拉进到操作封壳12中达到所要求的程度,外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员抓住扳机36并相对于把手32移动扳机36。这样沿着它的路径把斜面刀组件50向前推,达到操作者移动扳机36的程度。
斜面刀组件50沿着该路径的向前推进使卡钉支承件166和卡钉支承块体168在竖直方向上向前进,驱动卡钉指状部262,262′穿过靠在下唇部28的平面的上表面88上的组织。由于斜面刀组件50的构形,从而斜面82实现卡钉支承件166的竖直方向的运动,同时斜面82沿着组织在刀部76的前面,所以,在用刀部76进行切割之前,卡钉指状部262,262′的作用把组织用卡钉固定住。
具体地参见图31,器官腔壁组织被整体地标记为208。该器官腔壁表面在组织用卡钉固定和进行组织切割之前是一个连续的内部表面,被标记为210,而该器官腔壁的外表面在图31中被标记为212。该器官腔壁组织的内表面210的一部分被夹住,并被拉进到操作封壳12中,这部分被标记为210′。
在图31中示出了在用卡钉固定组织和切割组织的过程中该器官腔壁的构形。具体地注意到,采用本发明的装置和实现本发明的方法时,可以把器官腔壁整个地拉进操作封壳,使器官腔壁组织208折叠到其自身上,如图中所示,使得当把器官腔壁组织已经拉进到封壳中时,在操作封壳12中的组织的被暴露的上部和在封壳中的组织的被暴露的下部(或朝下的部分)都被从该器官腔壁208的内表面210拉出。在图31中以214标记出表示被折叠在其自身上的器官腔壁组织的那条线。
本发明的装置和方法所提供的一个主要优点在于,在感兴趣的位置的器官腔壁的所有组织在组织缝合和组织切割操作之前都被拉进到操作封壳12中。结果,一旦组织缝合和组织切割操作完成之后,该器官腔壁的整段被除去,并留在操作封壳内。在从器官腔壁除去恶性的组织的情况下,这进一步地确保组织的切除术成功地由该器官腔壁除去所有的恶性部分,与仅只除去壁的内表面的技术相反。
由图31还可以清楚地看出,在进行组织切割之前进行了用卡钉把组织固定。这是很清楚的,两排卡钉是在刀部76的倾斜的切割组织的前边缘78之前,它们把折叠在其自身上的那部分器官腔壁用卡钉固定在一起。
本发明所提供的另一个优点是,用卡钉固定的操作把健康的组织以面对着的配置沿着离开组织切割线的一根定位线固定在一起。这使得受损伤的部位愈合得较快。还有,用卡钉对组织进行固定是在进行组织切割的部位以外进行(有病状的或其它不想要的组织被保留在组织切割的里面),这使健康的组织被切除了的不想要的并可能是恶性的组织,这部分组织被留在操作封壳12内,污染的可能性减到最小。
当装置10被用来在结肠或甚至在小肠中进行手术时,典型地把内窥镜216的顶端218和柔性的管状传输装置220由控制模件14和出口操作封壳12通过操作封壳12的上壳部22中的一个孔238馈送穿过装置10。在图1B,8,9,18和30中示出了孔238。
一旦内窥镜216以螺纹通过装置10以后,如果进行在结肠中的手术,就把内窥镜2的顶端218和柔性的管状传输装置220通过直肠引进结肠。随后,外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员靠人工把柔性的管状传输装置220向前推进到直肠中和利用运动控制圆盘228和运动控制旋钮230控制顶部218的左/右和上/下运动,在结肠中向上引导内窥镜216的顶部218。一旦外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员把顶部218放置在所感兴趣的组织处于视场中,并且,顶部218足够地靠近可以被抓住的并被带进操作封壳12的内部的那部分组织,外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员就沿着柔性的管状传输装置220向前推进操作封壳12和柔性管状件16,通过直肠进入病人的结肠中。
外科医生利用控制模件14的方向控制旋钮40和42在结肠中向上并沿着柔性的管状传输装置220引导操作封壳12。外科医生继续向前推进操作封壳12和柔性管状件16,直到操作封壳12达到顶端218为止,想要切除掉的恶性组织,有病状的组织或另外的不想要的组织就在该顶端处。
一旦操作封壳12处于这一位置,外科医生就把柔性管状传输装置稍微由装置10拉出,从而把顶部218由装置10拉出到图31中所大致示出的位置,在这种情况下,顶端218在操作封壳12内。当顶端218在此位置时,外科医生或其他值班的健康护理专业人员继续利用组织夹钳194夹住结肠壁组织,把结肠壁组织(包括恶性组织,其它有病状的组织或另外的不想要的组织)拉进到操作封壳12的内部,达到在图31中所示的位置,在这种情况下,恶性组织,其它有病状的组织或另外的不想要的组织最好完全在操作封壳12的内部,并且,器官腔壁208的外表面212被折叠在其自身上。一旦外科医生利用组织夹钳194使组织进入这种状态,他就启动斜面刀组件50,进行用卡钉固定组织和切割组织的操作,如图31中所示。
一旦用卡钉固定和切割完成之后,可以把操作封壳12关闭起来,从而把恶性组织,其它有病状的组织或另外的不想要的组织保留在不与在操作封壳12的外面的剩余的设想为健康的器官腔壁组织接触的一个位置。
如果需要,外科医生可以随后把内窥镜216的顶端218和柔性的管状传输装置220相对于装置10向前推进,使顶端218再次由孔238伸出。外科医生随后可以稍微把装置10拉出,特别是把操作封壳12和柔性管状件16稍微拉出,从而把操作封壳12由受损伤的部位的紧邻近的部位移离开。这使得医生可以靠操纵由孔238伸出的顶端218利用内窥镜216观察受损伤的部位。如果内窥镜216装有灼烧加热器,并且,如果用卡钉固定的伤口必须进行灼烧以防止过量的流血,可以用内窥镜216实现这一操作,特别是利用由孔238伸出的顶端218。
一旦完成了外科手术,并且外科医生对结果满意之后,就由结肠把柔性管状件16和操作封壳12拉出。可以在与操作封壳12和柔性管状件16一起的整体运动中同时把内窥镜216的柔性的管状传输装置220拉出,或者,如果需要进一步察看伤口部位时,可以在进行了这样的进一步察看之后由结肠中移开内窥镜216的柔性的管状传输装置220。
尽管上面的描述讨论了利用内窥镜216进行伤口的灼烧,在操作封壳12中设置单独的灼烧装置作为一个附件或一种辅助装置也在本发明的范围以内。类似地,提供多个口,比如孔238用来观察在此进行外科手术的器官腔的内部也在本发明的范围以内。
另外,尽管上面的描述集中在利用一种内窥镜,比如在图中一般性地示出的内窥镜216,但是与一个结肠镜或一个外窥镜一起使用装置10或使用导液管引导方式的装置10也在本发明的范围以内。
可以把操作封壳12构造成多种与在图中所示出的不同的形状。特别是,可以把操作封壳12构造成橄榄球的半球形,在这里,该球被沿着一个竖直的平面分成一半。在这样的情况下,孔238可以设在该球的顶点处。在这样的情况下,该操作封壳可以在该半个球的赤道处打开,或在赤道的上方或下方的位置打开。
关于操作封壳12还有,上和下壳部22,24之间的打开不需要被构形成沿着操作封壳12的水平上的中点。
已经示出的组织夹钳194包括指环198和姆指环200。组织夹钳194可以同样好地设有用来控制或启动该组织夹钳的扳机型的装置。
关于组织夹钳194还有,尽管已经示出的这些装置带有颚口型的颚,但是用吸盘,必要的真空通过内窥镜供给,可以同样好地实现把组织夹住的功能。
参见图32,示意性地示出了体现本发明的内容的操作封壳的另一实施例,其中操作封壳被整体地标记为12′在图32中,示出操作封壳被分成两部分12′1和12′2。在图32中示意性地示出的该装置被构形成在器官腔内部除去不想要的器官腔组织的一个圆柱形的壁段,并关于圆柱形的除去物的部位从任何一个侧面在圆周上把余下的器官腔壁组织固定。
关于图32还有,一个传统的内窥镜的一个柔性管状传输装置部分被整体地标记为220′,并示意性地示出包括一个顶端部分218′。
操作封壳12′被构形成为大致圆柱形的,并如图所示,分成两部分。操作封壳12′的每部分包括组织夹钳,在图32中只有它们的颚被示意性地示出,为206′。
各自的圆柱形部分12′1和12′2有与它们有关的各自的环形唇部27,27′。唇部27,27′是环形的或是圆形的,并被做成彼此离开距离很近,其方式类似于上面描述的装置的优选实施例中的上和下唇部26,28。唇部27,27′之一装有对组织用卡钉进行固定或缝合和进行组织切割的装置,它有如在图18到24中所示出的相同的一般类型,同时,唇部27,27′的另一个装有在图24和26中所大致示出的那种类型的砧座表面装置。组织切割装置最好在径向上在唇部27或27′中的组织用卡钉固定或缝合装置的里面。
在图32中还示出了一段器官腔壁208′,它的构形为大致圆柱形的。如图32中所示,器官腔壁组织208′的一个环形部分209被拉进一个位置,在此位置,器官腔壁组织208的圆柱形截面209被构形成有比器官腔壁组织部分208′小的直径。这样,圆柱形器官腔壁部分209有比操作封壳12′的直径足够地小的一个直径,使得圆柱形器官腔壁部分209完全在由操作封壳12′的内部所确定的圆柱形包围以内。利用组织夹钳206′把器官腔壁208拉到这一位置。
一旦器官腔壁208′和它的圆柱形段209处于图32中所示的位置,操作封壳12′的两部分12′1和12′2被带到一起,把唇部27,27′放置在彼此紧靠的位置。在这一位置,启动对组织用卡钉进行固定或缝合和进行切割的装置,从而把标记为350的那部分器官腔壁缝合在一起,这些部分被截留在唇部27,27′之间。把该用卡钉固定或缝合装置构形成同时驱动所有的位于围绕着圆形唇部27或27′的卡钉或缝合件,使得器官腔壁组织的部分350围绕着由唇部27,27′所确定的整个圆周同时被卡钉固定或被缝合在一起。
一旦进行了把组织缝合或用卡钉固定和对组织进行切割的操作之后,器官腔壁组织208的圆柱形段209被留在操作封壳12′的里面,而把操作封壳12′由该器官腔中移出。在把圆柱形的段由它移开之后,器官腔壁组织留下,把圆柱形的器官腔壁208′的部分缝合在一起的或用卡钉固定在一起的一个环形的360度的线,圆柱形的器官腔壁段209就是由这部分被除去的。
利用缆索,一个操作控制模件和一个柔性缆索携带件,就像在图1到31中所示出的那样实现操作封壳部分12′1和12′2的运行。关于内窥镜220′可以在操作封壳段12′1和12′2之间设置一个在径向上按透视法大大缩小了的柔性缆索携带件16,在操作封壳的两段之间携带缆索,为的是把操作封壳的圆柱形段在彼此上关闭起来,使唇部27,27′彼此紧邻着,处于实现组织固定和切割功能的位置。

Claims (1)

1.一种用来在器官腔内除去不想要的器官腔组织并将剩余的器官腔组织围绕所述除去部位固定的装置,其包括:
一具有在其中形成组织接收腔的外壳,所述组织接收腔保持切除部分的器官腔组织在其中,其用于从人体中的切除;
用来把邻近不想要的器官腔组织的器官腔组织的若干部分从所述器官腔之内固定在一起的装置,其中用于固定的所述装置包括一卡钉固定机构;
一组织抓紧器,其用于把不想要部分的器官腔组织拉进所述卡钉固定机构的卡钉固定区域内带有所述组织的邻近部分的所述组织接收腔之中,所述卡钉固定区域位于所述组织接收腔的径向外侧;和
用来把所述不想要的器官腔组织从所述组织的已固定的邻近部分切除的装置,以便在所述器官腔组织内不会由于除去不想要的器官腔组织而产生敞开的孔。
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CA2206275C (en) 2006-06-13
DE69533454D1 (de) 2004-10-07
US6264086B1 (en) 2001-07-24
WO1996018344A3 (en) 1997-10-23
KR19980700026A (zh) 1998-03-30
AU716048B2 (en) 2000-02-17
EP0918486B1 (en) 2004-09-01
JP2013051977A (ja) 2013-03-21
JPH11506943A (ja) 1999-06-22
CA2206275A1 (en) 1996-06-20
US5868760A (en) 1999-02-09
AU4509796A (en) 1996-07-03
EP0918486A2 (en) 1999-06-02
CN1175193A (zh) 1998-03-04
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WO1996018344A2 (en) 1996-06-20
EP0918486A4 (en) 1997-09-10

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