CN117942383A - 治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药组合物、制剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药组合物、制剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药组合物、制剂及其制备方法,中药组合物由下列重量份配比的原料药制成:桂枝15~20份、赤芍15~20份、生姜10~20份、大黄15~20份、土鳖虫10~20份、三棱15~20份、莪术15~20份、青皮10~20份。经临床试验证实,本发明的中药外用制剂对治疗急性血栓性外痔患者疗效显著,可使症状迅速得到改善,治愈,无毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域,尤其涉及治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药组合物、制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
血栓性外痔是痔病急症中最常见的一种。常因睡眠不足、便秘、腹泻、久坐、咳嗽、用力过猛或持续强烈运动,腹内压力升高,导致肛缘静脉血液回流障碍,诱发静脉内血液凝结形成血栓。临床表现为肛缘皮下突发暗紫色包块,逐渐增大,起病急,多数患者因肛周突发包块疼痛剧烈就医。
传统医学认为饮食所伤、久坐、情志内伤、房劳过度均可导致肛门部血行受阻、气血凝滞、运行不畅、经络交错、积于肛周而引发为本病。脉络瘀阻证往往在络气郁滞的基础上发展而来,《素问。调经论》云“病在脉,调之血;病在血,调之络”,《素问。三部九候论》记载“孙络病者治其孙络血”。通经活络、平衡阴阳在急性血栓性外痔的治疗中起到了决定性的作用。
目前针对急性血栓性外痔的治疗仍以手术干预为主,但手术疼痛感强、愈合时间长是部分患者不能接受的主要原因。保守治疗以饮食调理、缓泻剂和含纯化微粒化黄酮成份的静脉活性药物为主。很难达到快速止痛消栓预防复发的作用。因此,寻找安全有效快捷的治疗方法显得尤为迫切。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种及治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药组合物、制剂及其制备方法,具有对外化瘀通络、清热止痛;对内调和营卫、健脾益气的功效,用于急性血栓性外痔的治疗,经临床试验证实,本发明的中药外用制剂对治疗急性血栓性外痔患者疗效显著,可使症状迅速得到改善,治愈,无毒副作用。
本发明选用桂枝、生姜、赤芍、大黄、土鳖虫、三棱、莪术和青皮。上述八味原料药物组合,从而有效起到治疗急性血栓性外痔的作用。水肿明显时加儿茶、芒硝利水消肿;疼痛明显时加炙甘草、延胡索缓急止痛;脾胃虚寒者加花椒、炒白术温中健脾;血栓坚硬者加威灵仙、皂角刺破坚化瘀。
药物药材功效简介如下:
桂枝:味辛、温,入足厥阴肝经、足太阳膀胱经,主解肌发表,入肝家而行血分,走经络而达营郁,善解风邪,最调木气,升清阳脱陷,降浊阴冲逆,舒筋脉之急挛,利关节之壅阻,入肝胆而散遏抑,极止痛楚,通经络而开痹涩。
赤芍:酸、苦、微寒,入足厥阴经血分。行血中之滞。除血痹,破坚积,止痛。通顺血脉,缓中,散恶血,逐贼血,去水气,利胜膀大小肠,消痈肿。
生姜:味辛、微温,入肺、心、脾、胃四经。禀天初春之木气,入足少阳胆经、足厥阴肝经。宣达营卫,行经之要品,发表之良药,入肺胃而驱浊,走肝脾而行滞,荡胸中之瘀满,排胃里之壅遏,善通鼻塞,最止腹痛,调和脏腑,宣达营卫。
大黄:味苦、寒,入脾、胃、大肠、心、肝五经。主下瘀血,血闭,破癥瘕积聚,推陈致新,除痰实,肠间结热,心腹胀满,女子寒血闭胀,小腹痛,诸老血留结。泻热行瘀,决壅开塞,下阳明治燥结,除太阴之湿蒸,通经脉而破癥瘕,消痈疽而排脓血。
土鳖虫:味咸,微寒,有毒,入心、肝、脾三经。主留血壅瘀,心腹寒热洗洗,祛坚积癥瘕,下血闭。利经络,善化瘀血,最补损伤。用于闭经、产后瘀阻、癥瘕、瘀滞疼痛等症。
三棱:味苦,性平,入足厥阴肝经。为血中气药,主行气行血,多年癥癖如石,能消为水。能磨积聚癥瘕,善破老血,通经利气,止经产心腹诸痛,消跌扑损伤诸瘀,软疮疡痈肿坚硬。散一切血积气结,癥癖坚硬作痛。
莪术:味苦,辛,性温,入足厥阴肝经。破滞攻坚,化结行瘀。消癖块,破血癥,化府脏痼冷,散跌扑停瘀,通经开闭,止痛散结。破气中之血,凡气血凝结作痛者俱效。主治气滞血瘀所致的经闭腹痛及癥瘕积聚等症。
青皮:味苦酸,性温,入肝、脾二经。主破滞气,削坚积。引诸药至厥阴之分,下饮食入太阴之仓,消温疟热甚结母,止左胁郁怒作痛。辛能散,温能行,积者破而结者解矣。主治肝气郁滞所致的胁肋胀痛、乳房胀痛及疝气疼痛等症,对气滞血瘀所致的癥瘕积聚,以及久疟癖块等症,可与三棱、莪术同用,皆取木品破气散结之功。
儿茶:味苦、涩,性凉。入手太阴肺经。可消痈肿止痛,清热化痰癖。能收湿敛疮,生肌止血。
芒硝:味辛、苦,性大寒。入手太阳寒水小肠经,入手少阳相火三焦经。能泻火而退燔蒸,利水而通淋沥,荡涤三焦肠胃之实热,消除胸膈壅淤之痰癖。
炙甘草:味甘,平,性缓,主温中,入足太阴脾、足阳明胃二经,炙用健脾胃而和中,味甘缓急,益精养气,泻火和中,和络血,缓肝急,祛邪热,坚筋骨,长肌肉疗疮毒。
延胡索:味苦、辛,性微温,入手足太阴、足厥阴经血分。调经破血,化块消癥,专行滞血。应用于气血凝滞所致的心腹及肢体疼痛等证,既能活血,又能行气,具有良好的止疼效果。
花椒:味辛,温,大热。入足阳明胃、足厥阴肝、足少阴肾、足太阴脾经。开腠理,通关节,行血脉,除肿痛。暖中宫而温命门,驱寒湿而止疼痛。
白术:味苦、甘,性温,禀天阳明之燥气,入足阳明胃经,禀地中正之土味,入足太阴脾经。用于脾气虚弱,运化失常,水湿停留所致各种病症。
威灵仙:味苦,性温,入足太阴脾、足厥阴肝经,去腹中冷滞,祛肠风,除癥积,化癖行痰,性善走通经络,能消备水,可用于噎膈、痞积。
皂角刺:味辛、温,性锐。入肝、胃经。去风杀虫,主痈疽,能引诸药至痈疽溃处。其未溃者能发散,其已溃者能排脓,药直达脓处成功。
急性血栓性外痔的发生主要为因饮食劳倦所伤致使脾胃气虚,土虚木郁,而致肛周厥阴肝经循行之处气血凝滞,脉络瘀阻而致,多属气滞血瘀证。本发明为治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药复合制剂,以桂枝、赤芍、生姜为君药,健脾益气、调和营卫;用大黄、土鳖虫为臣药,决壅开塞、推陈致新;三棱、莪术为佐药,破滞攻坚,化结行瘀;青皮为使药,引诸药至厥阴之分,破滞气、削坚积。本方配伍精当,诸药合用攻补兼施、标本兼顾,扶正不留邪,祛邪不伤正。主要用于治疗因脾胃虚弱、营卫不和所致局部气滞血瘀而形成的各类肛肠疾病,尤其是用于治疗急性血栓性外痔,疗效显著。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案为:
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药组合物,由原料药制成,所述原料药按重量份包括:桂枝15~20份、赤芍15~20份、生姜10~20份、大黄15~20份、土鳖虫10~20份、三棱15~20份、莪术15~20份、青皮10~20份。
可选地,在上述治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药组合物中,原料药还包括10~30份功能性成分,功能性成分选自儿茶、芒硝炙甘草、延胡索、花椒、炒白术、威灵仙、皂角刺中的一种或两种。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药提取物,中药提取物由上述中药组合物经常规中药提取方法制备得到。
可选地,在上述中药提取物在制备治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药外用制剂中的用途。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供了一种治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药外用制剂,制剂由上述中药组合物和药剂学上可接受的辅料制成。
可选地,在上述治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药外用制剂中,中药外用制剂为坐浴剂、喷雾剂、擦剂、膏剂、粉剂、涂膜制剂或凝胶剂。
根据本发明的又另一方面,提供了一种制备包含上述治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药组合物的外用药物的方法,包括以下步骤:称取上述原料药,洗净,按重量份配比混合;加原料药总重量的8~10倍的水,浸泡0.5至2小时,煎煮两次,每次0.5~2小时;合并两次煎煮液,过滤;以及采用常规制备工艺,制成外用药物。
上述中药组合物在制备治疗急性血栓性外痔的药物中的用途。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明组合物配伍精当,具有对内调和营卫、健脾益气,对外化瘀通络、清热止痛之效,经临床试验证实,针对急性血栓性外痔患者的治疗非常有效,可使症状迅速得到改善,多数可获治愈,适用于各种原因引起的急性血栓性外痔。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1是三个血栓外痔患者案例(案1~案3)在治疗前和使用本发明实施例的药剂治疗后的效果图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合具体实施例对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。
本发明实施例所用药材均购自中国药材公司,符合中华人民共和国药典标准。
实施例1:坐浴剂的制备
称取桂枝20g、赤芍20g、生姜20g、大黄20g、土鳖虫15g、三棱15g、莪术15g、青皮15g;浸泡2小时,煎煮两次,每次加入10倍的水,煎煮1小时;合并2次煎煮液,过滤即可制成坐浴剂。
实施例1-1:坐浴剂的制备
称取桂枝20g、赤芍20g、生姜10g、大黄15g、土鳖虫20g、三棱20g、莪术20g、青皮20g;浸泡1小时,煎煮两次,每次加入9倍的水,煎煮1.5小时;合并2次煎煮液,过滤即可制成坐浴剂。
实施例2:喷雾剂的制备
称取桂枝20g、赤芍20g、生姜20g、大黄20g、土鳖虫15g、三棱15g、莪术15g、青皮15g;浸泡30分钟,煎煮两次,每次加入8倍的水,煎煮0.5小时;合并2次煎煮液,过滤,并浓缩成流浸膏;将流浸膏溶解或分散在合适的药用溶剂,加入成膜剂药用辅料,等按照常规喷雾剂的制备方法制成喷雾剂。喷雾形式给药使用上更加方便,不需要涂抹,只需轻轻一按,即可均匀给药。
实施例3:擦剂的制备
称取桂枝20g、赤芍20g、生姜20g、大黄20g、土鳖虫15g、三棱15g、莪术15g、青皮15g;浸泡1.5小时,煎煮两次,每次加入9倍的水,煎煮1小时;合并2次煎煮液,过滤,浓缩;按照常规擦剂的制备方法,将有效成分中加入油醇等药学上可接受的辅料,制成擦剂。
实施例4:膏剂的制备
称取桂枝20g、赤芍20g、生姜20g、大黄20g、土鳖虫15g、三棱15g、莪术15g、青皮15g;然后浸泡40分钟,煎煮两次,每次加入8倍的水,煎煮1小时;合并2次煎煮液,过滤,并浓缩成流浸膏;将流浸膏制成细腻糊状,再递加其他药用辅料研匀(取少许涂于手上无砂砾感),按照常规膏剂的制备方法制成膏剂。
实施例5:涂膜制剂的制备
称取桂枝20g、赤芍20g、生姜20g、大黄20g、土鳖虫15g、三棱15g、莪术15g、青皮15g;然后浸泡2小时,煎煮两次,每次加入10倍的水,煎煮2小时;合并2次煎煮液,过滤,并浓缩成流浸膏;将流浸膏溶解或分散在含成膜材料的药用溶剂中,再添加其他药用辅料,按照常规涂膜制剂的制备方法制成涂膜制剂。
实施例6:粉剂的制备
称取桂枝20g、赤芍20g、生姜20g、大黄20g、土鳖虫15g、三棱15g、莪术15g、青皮15g;浸泡1小时,煎煮两次,每次加入10倍的水,煎煮2小时;合并2次煎煮液,过滤,并浓缩成流浸膏;按照常规粉剂的制备方法,将浓缩的流浸膏干燥、粉碎成100~200目的药粉,制成粉剂。粉剂便于储存。使用时将其溶于合适的温度(如40℃)的水中,即可作为外用药以用于治疗。
实施例7:凝胶剂的制备
称取桂枝20g、赤芍20g、生姜10g、大黄15g、土鳖虫15g、三棱20g、莪术20g、青皮20g;浸泡2小时,煎煮两次,每次加入10倍的水,煎煮2小时;合并2次煎煮液,按常规凝胶剂制备方法将煎煮液与凝胶剂按照一定比例混合,加热至凝胶剂完全溶解,搅拌均匀,制得凝胶剂。
实施例8:用于急性血栓外痔并水肿明显的坐浴剂
称取桂枝15g、生姜10g、赤芍15g、大黄15g、土鳖虫10g、三棱15g、莪术15g、青皮10g、儿茶10g;浸泡1小时,煎煮两次,每次加入9倍的水,煎煮1小时;合并2次煎煮液,过滤后将芒硝10g加入药液,制成坐浴剂使用,可加强利水消肿作用。
实施例9:用于急性血栓外痔并疼痛剧烈的坐浴剂
称取桂枝15g、生姜10g、赤芍15g、大黄15g、土鳖虫10g、三棱15g、莪术15g、青皮10g、炙甘草10g、延胡索15g;浸泡1小时,煎煮两次,每次加入9倍的水,煎煮1小时;合并2次煎煮液,过滤制成坐浴剂使用,可加强缓急止痛效果。
实施例10:用于急性血栓外痔并素体脾胃虚寒者的坐浴剂
称取桂枝15g、生姜10g、赤芍15g、大黄15g、土鳖虫10g、三棱15g、莪术15g、青皮10g、花椒15g、炒白术15g;浸泡1小时,煎煮两次,每次加入9倍的水,煎煮1小时;合并2次煎煮液,过滤制成坐浴剂使用,可加强温中健脾,缩短恢复时间,防止复发。
实施例11:用于急性血栓外痔血栓痔核坚硬者的坐浴剂
称取桂枝15g、生姜10g、赤芍15g、大黄15g、土鳖虫10g、三棱15g、莪术15g、青皮10g、威灵仙15g、皂角刺15g;浸泡1小时,煎煮两次,每次加入9倍的水,煎煮1小时;合并2次煎煮液,过滤制成坐浴剂使用,可加强破坚化瘀效果。
本发明治疗急性血栓性外痔的临床实验及结果分析
1.资料与方法
1.1研究对象
研究对象选自于2021年1月至2022年12月,就诊于某医院中医科中医肛肠门诊的60例,病程在5天内的急性发作期血栓外痔首诊患者。所有患者以就诊顺序按随机数字表法分为2组:观察组30例,男21例,女9例;年龄20-65岁,平均(35.10±12.35)岁,平均病程3.27±1.11天。对照组30例,男18例,女12例;年龄18-82岁,平均(37.37±16.63)岁,平均病程3.03±0.93天。两组性别、年龄、病程无统计学差异。
1.2急性血栓性外痔诊断标准
根据2003年中华医学会外科学分会肛肠外科学组制订的标准《中医肛肠病证诊断疗效标准》中的血栓性外痔诊断标准:肛缘皮下突然出现一个圆形的红紫色肿块,伴有明显的疼痛,局部皮肤水肿,肿块初起尚软,渐变硬,皮下可触及硬结,可活动。
1.3筛选标准
纳入标准:①符合《中医肛肠病证诊断疗效标准》中的血栓性外痔诊断标准。②意识清楚、交流正常,所有患者均签署知情同意书并自愿参加本研究。③未参与其他相关治疗或研究。
排除标准:①合并其他肛肠疾病者,如肛瘘、肛周脓肿、肛裂、混合痔嵌顿等,妊娠妇女。②合并严重的心脑血管疾病、肝肾等严重的原发性疾病者,精神疾病患者。③入组前1年内有肛肠手术或外伤病史。
1.4方法
①对照组采用康复新液50ml,倒入1000ml温水,水温控制在37-42℃之间,熏洗10-15分钟,早晚各一次。
②观察组以通络和营为法给予实施例1的坐浴剂,取药液200ml,加入1000ml温水,水温控制在37-42℃之间,熏洗10-15分钟,早晚各一次。两组均治疗7天。治疗同时嘱咐患者注意休息、勿久坐久蹲、忌刺激性饮食、保持排便通畅。
1.5疗效标准
在治疗第7天记录疗效评价。评价标准参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则(试行)》和《中华人民共和国中医药行业标准·中医肛肠科病证诊断疗效标准》进行评价。治愈:疼痛消失,肛缘皮下紫蓝色肿块消失;有效:疼痛减轻,肛缘皮下紫蓝色肿块减小;无效:患者疼痛及肛缘皮下紫蓝色肿块无明显变化或疼痛无变化肛缘皮下紫蓝色肿块略缩小。总有效率=[(治愈例数+有效例数)/总例数]×100%。
1.6统计学处理
统计学方法采用SPSS16.0统计软件进行统计学分析。计量数据用表示,组间比较行t检验;计数资料用χ2检验。以P≤0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.结果
2.1疗效结果
经过1个疗程的治疗后,观察组总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组患者有效24例,无效6例,总有效率为80%;观察组患者临床治愈1例,有效28例,无效1例,总有效率为96.67%。观察组总有效率(96.67%)明显高于对照组总有效率(80%),且差异均具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。见表1。
表1
注:与对照组比较,*P<0.05。
注:*表示与对照组比较有显著的统计学差异,p<0.05
为了进一步说明治疗效果,图1示出了三个血栓外痔患者(案1~案3)在治疗前和使用本发明实施例的药剂治疗后的效果图。如图1所示,案1男性患者治疗前症状为肛门部包块伴剧烈疼痛,肛缘截石位1-3点可见暗紫色包块,触痛明显,环状皮赘外脱;在使用实施例9的坐浴剂治疗7天后复诊,用药3天后疼痛症状明显缓解,包块逐渐减小。案2男性患者治疗前症状为肛门部包块伴疼痛,肛缘截石位6-12点可见暗紫色包块伴水肿明显;在使用实施例8的坐浴剂治疗7天后复诊,用药1天后疼痛开始减轻,包块逐渐减小,专科检查可见肛缘10点位小包块。案3男性患者治疗前症状为肛门部包块伴疼痛,肛缘截石位9点可见暗紫色包块,患者既往畏寒,受凉后易腹泻,排便多不成形,舌淡苔白脉细弱;在使用实施例10的坐浴剂治疗7天后复诊,用药4天后疼痛逐渐减轻减轻,包块有所减小,排便每日1次,基本成形。
结果表明,本发明的中药外用制剂对治疗急性血栓性外痔患者疗效显著。
以上实施例,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制,本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改或改进,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改、变化或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的精神和范围,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (8)
1.一种治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药组合物,其特征在于,由原料药制成,所述原料药按重量份包括:桂枝15~20份、赤芍15~20份、生姜10~20份、大黄15~20份、土鳖虫10~20份、三棱15~20份、莪术15~20份、青皮10~20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药组合物,其特征在于所述原料药还包括10~30份功能性成分,所述功能性成分选自儿茶、芒硝炙甘草、延胡索、花椒、炒白术、威灵仙、皂角刺中的一种或两种。
3.一种治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药提取物,其特征在于,所述中药提取物由权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物经常规中药提取方法制备得到。
4.权利要求3所述的中药提取物在制备治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药外用制剂中的用途。
5.一种治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药外用制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂由权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物和药剂学上可接受的辅料制成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药外用制剂,其特征在于,所述中药外用制剂为坐浴剂、喷雾剂、擦剂、膏剂、粉剂、涂膜制剂或凝胶剂。
7.一种制备包含权利要求1或2所述的治疗急性血栓性外痔的中药组合物的外用药物的方法,包括以下步骤:
称取权利要求1或2所述的原料药,洗净,按重量份配比混合;
加原料药总重量的8~10倍的水,浸泡0.5至2小时,煎煮两次,每次0.5~2小时;
合并两次煎煮液,过滤;以及
采用常规制备工艺,制成外用药物。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物在制备治疗急性血栓性外痔的药物中的用途。
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