CN117898133A - European Li Shisheng excellent single plant rapid propagation method - Google Patents
European Li Shisheng excellent single plant rapid propagation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117898133A CN117898133A CN202410119561.7A CN202410119561A CN117898133A CN 117898133 A CN117898133 A CN 117898133A CN 202410119561 A CN202410119561 A CN 202410119561A CN 117898133 A CN117898133 A CN 117898133A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 244000141353 Prunus domestica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005820 Prochloraz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prochloraz Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000011435 Prunus domestica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003811 finger Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003813 thumb Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quick breeding method of excellent European Li Shisheng single plants, which comprises the following steps: 1. pruning prune seedlings of prune which generate flowers in 1 year in the period of Europe Li Xiumian, reserving 1 robust flower-forming branches for each plant, and reserving 5-6 sections of flower buds for the reserved branches for short pruning; 2. selecting a good single plant; 3. fertilizer and water management; 4. the 2-year-old good single plant dormancy stage is not pruned; 5.2, after the single plant flower buds with good growth are enlarged, selecting and reserving 1-2 branches with flower buds at the most basal part of the plant, and reserving 5-6 sections of flower buds at the basal part of the branches for short shearing; growing the rest branches and thinning flower buds; 6. collecting excellent single plant cuttings; 7. cutting the cutting slips, namely pruning 2-year old branches with new tips and the cut new tips, wherein each section is 1 cutting slip; 8. all cutting slips obtained by cutting are subjected to cutting, wherein the cutting slips comprise cutting slips treatment, cutting bed preparation, cutting, moisture preservation culture, transplanting and fertilizer water management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a quick breeding method for a single excellent European Li Shisheng plant.
Background
The seedlings formed by germination of the prune seeds are called prune seedlings, the prune seedlings can form flower buds in the same year of germination under the condition of good management, and excellent single plants can be initially selected from the seedlings by flowering and fruiting in the second year. However, the underground stems of the prune seedlings are not formed at this time, the underground stems cannot be relied on to form basal branches, the growth vigor of the branches 2 years after the seedling results is weak, the generated branches are few and weak, the continuous results of the strong fruit branches are difficult to form, and the branches are often thinned in daily management. The most effective method for the European plum propagation is the green branch cutting propagation at present, namely, the current year of young shoots are used as cutting shoots for cutting, and the collection of young shoots influences the current year of young shoot growth and flower bud formation, so that the next year of results are influenced, the successive year observation of fruit quality is also influenced, and the breeding time of European Li Xin varieties is prolonged.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a quick breeding method for a single plant with excellent European Li Shisheng, which can achieve both European plum breeding and successive year results, thereby shortening the breeding period.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A European Li Shisheng excellent single plant rapid propagation method comprises the following steps:
step one, pruning 1-year-old seedlings
Pruning prune seedlings of prune which generate flowers in 1 year in the period of Europe Li Xiumian, reserving 1 robust flower-forming branches for each plant, and reserving 5-6 sections of flower buds for the reserved branches for short pruning;
step two, selecting a good single plant
Selecting excellent single plants according to fruit characters and breeding targets in the mature period of fruits, and carrying out listing marking on the single plants;
Step three, fertilizer and water management;
Fourthly, the single plant with excellent life in 2 years is not trimmed in dormancy stage;
step five, managing germination period of single plant with excellent growth in 2 years
After the flower buds are expanded, selecting and reserving 1-2 branches with flower buds on the most basal part of the plant, and reserving 5-6 sections of flower buds on the basal part of the branches for short shearing; growing the rest branches and thinning flower buds;
step six, collecting excellent single plant cutting slips
After 5 months 1, 1 branch pruning is reserved from the positions above the reserved two short pruning, and the whole crown above the pruning is taken down for collecting cutting slips; the rest plants continue to grow and thinning fruits, 5-6 fruits are reserved, and the quality of the fruits is observed after the plants are ripe;
step seven, cutting the cutting slips
A1, cutting off young shoots of 2-year-old branches with the length exceeding 10cm on a crown, cutting into branch sections with the length of 8-10 cm, ensuring that each branch section is provided with at least 2 young shoots, reserving 2 young shoots at the forefront end, reserving 2 leaf short shears on each young shoot, cutting off the rest young shoots, and enabling each section to be 1 cutting head;
A2, pruning 2-year-old branches with tips with lengths of 5-10 cm on the crown, reserving 1-2 tips at the first end, reserving 2 leaf short shears on each tip, and reserving 1 cutting pin on each segment;
a3, cutting the young shoots with the thickness of more than 2mm cut by the operation into branch sections with the thickness of 8-10 cm, reserving 2 leaves at the top ends of the branch sections, and cutting out the rest leaves, wherein each section is 1 cutting head;
and step eight, cutting all cutting slips obtained by cutting.
Further, in the third step, fertilizer and water management specifically comprises: spraying 0.5% urea for 3 times after picking fruits, and spraying once every 3 weeks; applying commercial bio-organic fertilizer before defoliation, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 15 tons/hectare.
Further, cutting in the step eight comprises cutting processing, cutting bed preparation, cutting, moisture preservation culture, transplanting and fertilizer and water management;
The specific operation of the slotting machine preparation is as follows: preparing a beauty plant bag with the diameter of 9-11 cm, firstly filling a compound matrix with the depth of 5-6 cm, then filling pure coarse river sand with the depth of 3cm on the compound matrix to enable the total height of the double-layer matrix to reach 8-9 cm, then putting the double-layer matrix into a plastic greenhouse with an automatic spraying device, and adding 50mL of 500 times of the imidamide solution into each bag.
Further, the compound matrix comprises field soil, turf and bio-organic fertilizer, the ratio of the field soil to the turf to the bio-organic fertilizer is 4:2:0.5, and the pure crude river sand is prepared by sieving the river sand with a 10-mesh sieve, and sieving the sieved sand particles with a 20-mesh sieve.
Further, the cutting processing comprises the following steps:
S1, cutting head disinfection
Soaking all the cuttings in 500 times of the prochloraz solution for 30s, fishing out, and airing at the position of the back yin;
S2, rooting treatment
The biological lower end of the 2-year-old branch cutting and the 3cm of the biological lower end of the new-shoot cutting are respectively dipped for 15s and 10s in 1000 times of ABT No.1 rooting powder solution.
Further, the specific steps of cutting are as follows: pinching the base of the cutting pin to a position close to 3cm to insert the cutting pin into the coarse river sand matrix, wherein the cutting pin cannot be inserted into the compound matrix.
Further, the specific steps of the moisturizing culture are as follows: spraying at regular time in the first 3 weeks after cutting, wherein spraying is carried out for 1 time every 2 hours from 8 points to 20 points every day, and 10 minutes every time; spraying for 1 time every 3 hours from 20 points to 8 points on the next day for 10 minutes each time; covering 10 to 16 points in sunny days by using 6-needle sunshade net, and removing the sunshade net in the rest time; spraying for 1 time every 3 hours from 8 points to 20 points every day for 10 minutes instead of spraying for 4-5 weeks; spraying for 10 min every 4 hr from 20 to 8 days; covering 10 to 17 points on a sunny day by using a 6-needle sunshade net, and removing the sunshade net in the rest time.
Further, the transplanting specific steps are as follows: after 5 weeks of cuttage, transplanting the seedling with bags into a field together, watering thoroughly, keeping soil moist, covering 10-17 points on a sunny day by using 6-needle sunshade net, removing the sunshade net in the rest time, and performing conventional management after 2 weeks.
Further, the specific steps of fertilizer and water management are as follows: spraying urea with the concentration of 0.5% once after transplanting for 2 weeks, spraying urea once every 3 weeks until the end of 8 months, forming plants with the height of not less than 30cm and good flower bud differentiation in the current year, and flowering and fruiting in the next year.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention can lead the plants to still be fruiting in the 2 nd year and can send out more new shoots;
(2) 2 years of branches and shoots are fully utilized during cutting collection, the number of cutting slips is increased, and the propagation coefficient is improved;
(3) The substrate adopts a double-layer substrate, the upper-layer substrate is coarse river sand, the water permeability and the air permeability are good, and the cutting slip is not easy to rot when inserted into the double-layer substrate; the lower substrate is rich and comprehensive in nutrition, permeable and breathable, and new roots generated by cutting shoots can immediately enter the substrate to absorb nutrition, so that the defect of nutrition of the cutting shoots is timely supplemented, and the cutting shoots grow better;
(4) The invention shortens the seed selection time by at least 1 year.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.
Example 1:
A European Li Shisheng excellent single plant rapid propagation method comprises the following steps:
step one, pruning 1-year-old seedlings
Pruning prune seedlings of prune which generate flowers in 1 year in the period of Europe Li Xiumian, reserving 1 robust flower-forming branches for each plant, and reserving 5-6 sections of flower buds for the reserved branches for short pruning;
step two, selecting a good single plant
Selecting excellent single plants according to fruit characters and breeding targets in the mature period of fruits, and carrying out listing marking on the single plants;
Step three, fertilizer and water management;
spraying 0.5% urea for 3 times after picking fruits, and spraying once every 3 weeks; applying commercial bio-organic fertilizer before defoliation, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 15 tons/hectare;
Fourthly, the single plant with excellent life in 2 years is not trimmed in dormancy stage;
step five, managing germination period of single plant with excellent growth in 2 years
After the flower buds are expanded, selecting and reserving 1-2 branches with flower buds (called 2-year-old branches after sprouting and tip drawing), wherein 5-6 sections of flower buds are reserved at the base of each branch; growing the rest branches and thinning flower buds;
step six, collecting excellent single plant cutting slips
After 5 months 1 (Henan Luoyang area), 1 branch pruning is reserved from the two reserved short pruning, the whole crown is taken down and used for collecting cutting slips, the rest plants continue to grow and thinning, 5-6 fruits are reserved, and the quality of the fruits is observed after maturation;
step seven, cutting the cutting slips
A1, cutting off young shoots of 2-year-old branches with the length exceeding 10cm on a crown, cutting into branch sections with the length of 8-10 cm, ensuring that each branch section is provided with at least 2 young shoots, reserving 2 young shoots at the forefront end, reserving 2 leaf short shears on each young shoot, cutting off the rest young shoots, and enabling each section to be 1 cutting head;
A2, pruning 2-year-old branches with tips with lengths of 5-10 cm on the crown, reserving 1-2 tips at the first end, reserving 2 leaf short shears on each tip, and reserving 1 cutting pin on each segment;
a3, cutting the young shoots with the thickness of more than 2mm cut by the operation into branch sections with the thickness of 8-10 cm, reserving 2 leaves at the top ends of the branch sections, cutting out the rest leaves, wherein each section is a cutting slip;
and step eight, cutting all cutting slips obtained by cutting.
Cutting comprises cutting processing, cutting bed preparation, cutting, moisture-preserving culture, transplanting and fertilizer and water management;
The cutting processing comprises the following steps:
S1, cutting head disinfection
Soaking all the cuttings in 500 times of the prochloraz solution for 30s, fishing out, and airing at the position of the back yin;
S2, rooting treatment
The biological lower end of the 2-year-old branch cutting and the 3cm of the biological lower end of the new-shoot cutting are respectively dipped for 15s and 10s in 1000 times of ABT No.1 rooting powder solution.
The specific operation of the slotting machine preparation is as follows: preparing a beauty planting bag with the diameter of 10cm, firstly filling a compound matrix with the depth of 5-6 cm, wherein the compound matrix comprises field soil, turf and bio-organic fertilizer in a ratio of 4:2:0.5, and then filling pure coarse river sand with the depth of 3cm (the river sand firstly passes through a 10-mesh sieve, the sieved sand grains pass through a 20-mesh sieve and the sand reserved in a sieve basket is reserved for later use), so that the total height of the double-layer matrix reaches 8-9 cm, then putting the double-layer matrix into a plastic greenhouse with an automatic spraying device, and adding 50mL of 500-time miaow amide solution into each bag.
The cutting method comprises the following specific steps: the cutting insert is inserted into the coarse river sand matrix by pinching the cutting insert base part by the thumb and the index finger at the position of approximately 3cm, the fingertip touches the sand surface, the insertion depth is ensured to be approximately 3cm, the cutting insert can not be inserted into the compound matrix, the cutting insert base part can be ensured not to be ill or rot, and the new root can be immediately grown into the compound matrix to absorb nutrition.
The specific steps of the moisturizing culture are as follows: spraying at regular time in the first 3 weeks after cutting, wherein spraying is carried out for 1 time every 2 hours from 8 points to 20 points every day, and 10 minutes every time; spraying for 1 time every 3 hours from 20 points to 8 points on the next day for 10 minutes each time; covering 10 to 16 points in sunny days by using 6-needle sunshade net, and removing the sunshade net in the rest time. Spraying for 1 time every 3 hours from 8 points to 20 points every day for 10 minutes instead of spraying for 4-5 weeks; spraying for 10 min every 4 hr from 20 to 8 days; covering 10 to 17 points on a sunny day by using a 6-needle sunshade net, and removing the sunshade net in the rest time. Rooting is started about 3 weeks, the survival rate of 2-year-old cutting shoots reaches 78% after 5 weeks, and the survival rate of new shoot cutting shoots reaches 94%.
The transplanting method comprises the following specific steps: after 5 weeks of cuttage, transplanting the seedling with bags into a field together, watering thoroughly, keeping soil moist, covering 10-17 points on a sunny day by using 6-needle sunshade net, removing the sunshade net in the rest time, and performing conventional management after 2 weeks.
The fertilizer and water management comprises the following specific steps: spraying urea with the concentration of 0.5% once after transplanting for 2 weeks, spraying urea once every 3 weeks until the end of 8 months, forming plants with the height of not less than 30cm and good flower bud differentiation in the current year, and flowering and fruiting in the next year.
While the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the foregoing embodiments, which are described in the foregoing description merely illustrate the principles of the invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A European Li Shisheng excellent single plant rapid propagation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, pruning 1-year-old seedlings
Pruning prune seedlings of prune which generate flowers in 1 year in the period of Europe Li Xiumian, reserving 1 robust flower-forming branches for each plant, and reserving 5-6 sections of flower buds for the reserved branches for short pruning;
step two, selecting a good single plant
Selecting excellent single plants according to fruit characters and breeding targets in the mature period of fruits, and carrying out listing marking on the single plants;
Step three, fertilizer and water management;
Fourthly, the single plant with excellent life in 2 years is not trimmed in dormancy stage;
step five, managing germination period of single plant with excellent growth in 2 years
After the flower buds are expanded, selecting and reserving 1-2 branches with flower buds on the most basal part of the plant, and reserving 5-6 sections of flower buds on the basal part of the branches for short shearing; growing the rest branches and thinning flower buds;
step six, collecting excellent single plant cutting slips
After 5 months 1, 1 branch pruning is reserved from the positions above the reserved two short pruning, and the whole crown above the pruning is taken down for collecting cutting slips; the rest plants continue to grow and thinning fruits, 5-6 fruits are reserved, and the quality of the fruits is observed after the plants are ripe;
step seven, cutting the cutting slips
A1, cutting off young shoots of 2-year-old branches with the length exceeding 10cm on a crown, cutting into branch sections with the length of 8-10 cm, ensuring that each branch section is provided with at least 2 young shoots, reserving 2 young shoots at the forefront end, reserving 2 leaf short shears on each young shoot, cutting off the rest young shoots, and enabling each section to be 1 cutting head;
A2, pruning 2-year-old branches with tips with lengths of 5-10 cm on the crown, reserving 1-2 tips at the first end, reserving 2 leaf short shears on each tip, and reserving 1 cutting pin on each segment;
a3, cutting the young shoots with the thickness of more than 2mm cut by the operation into branch sections with the thickness of 8-10 cm, reserving 2 leaves at the top ends of the branch sections, and cutting out the rest leaves, wherein each section is 1 cutting head;
and step eight, cutting all cutting slips obtained by cutting.
2. The method for rapid propagation of excellent European Li Shisheng single plants according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fertilizer and water management in the third step is specifically as follows: spraying 0.5% urea for 3 times after picking fruits, and spraying once every 3 weeks; applying commercial bio-organic fertilizer before defoliation, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 15 tons/hectare.
3. The method for rapid propagation of excellent European Li Shisheng single plants according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: cutting the cutting slips in the eighth step comprises cutting slips treatment, cutting bed preparation, cutting, moisture preservation culture, transplanting and fertilizer and water management;
The specific operation of the slotting machine preparation is as follows: preparing a beauty plant bag with the diameter of 9-11 cm, firstly filling a compound matrix with the depth of 5-6 cm, then filling pure coarse river sand with the depth of 3cm on the compound matrix to enable the total height of the double-layer matrix to reach 8-9 cm, then putting the double-layer matrix into a plastic greenhouse with an automatic spraying device, and adding 50mL of 500 times of the imidamide solution into each bag.
4. The method for rapid propagation of excellent European Li Shisheng single plants according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the compound matrix comprises field soil, turf and bio-organic fertilizer, the proportion of which is 4:2:0.5, and the pure crude river sand is prepared by sieving the river sand with a 10-mesh sieve, and sieving the sieved sand grains with a 20-mesh sieve.
5. The method for rapid propagation of excellent European Li Shisheng single plants according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the cutting processing comprises the following steps:
S1, cutting head disinfection
Soaking all the cuttings in 500 times of the prochloraz solution for 30s, fishing out, and airing at the position of the back yin;
S2, rooting treatment
The biological lower end of the 2-year-old branch cutting and the 3cm of the biological lower end of the new-shoot cutting are respectively dipped for 15s and 10s in 1000 times of ABT No.1 rooting powder solution.
6. The method for rapid propagation of excellent European Li Shisheng single plants according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the cutting method comprises the following specific steps: pinching the base of the cutting pin to a position close to 3cm to insert the cutting pin into the coarse river sand matrix, wherein the cutting pin cannot be inserted into the compound matrix.
7. The method for rapid propagation of excellent European Li Shisheng single plants according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the specific steps of the moisturizing culture are as follows: spraying at regular time in the first 3 weeks after cutting, wherein spraying is carried out for 1 time every 2 hours from 8 points to 20 points every day, and 10 minutes every time; spraying for 1 time every 3 hours from 20 points to 8 points on the next day for 10 minutes each time; covering 10 to 16 points in sunny days by using 6-needle sunshade net, and removing the sunshade net in the rest time; spraying for 1 time every 3 hours from 8 points to 20 points every day for 10 minutes instead of spraying for 4-5 weeks; spraying for 10 min every 4 hr from 20 to 8 days; covering 10 to 17 points on a sunny day by using a 6-needle sunshade net, and removing the sunshade net in the rest time.
8. The method for rapid propagation of excellent European Li Shisheng single plants according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the transplanting method comprises the following specific steps: after 5 weeks of cuttage, transplanting the seedling with bags into a field together, watering thoroughly, keeping soil moist, covering 10-17 points on a sunny day by using 6-needle sunshade net, removing the sunshade net in the rest time, and performing conventional management after 2 weeks.
9. The method for rapid propagation of excellent European Li Shisheng single plants according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the fertilizer and water management comprises the following specific steps: spraying urea with the concentration of 0.5% once after transplanting for 2 weeks, spraying urea once every 3 weeks until the end of 8 months, forming plants with the height of not less than 30cm and good flower bud differentiation in the current year, and flowering and fruiting in the next year.
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| CN202410119561.7A CN117898133A (en) | 2024-01-29 | 2024-01-29 | European Li Shisheng excellent single plant rapid propagation method |
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