CN117546737A - American ginseng planting method - Google Patents
American ginseng planting method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117546737A CN117546737A CN202311496976.8A CN202311496976A CN117546737A CN 117546737 A CN117546737 A CN 117546737A CN 202311496976 A CN202311496976 A CN 202311496976A CN 117546737 A CN117546737 A CN 117546737A
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- Prior art keywords
- planting method
- parts
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- root
- seeds
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of American ginseng. The planting method comprises seed treatment before sowing, wherein the seed treatment comprises the following steps: immersing the seeds in an activating solution composed of citric acid, brassinolide, glucose and water for 10-20h to obtain the immersed seeds. The planting method can improve the ginsenoside content in the fibrous roots, and obtain the American ginseng with higher quality and vigorous fibrous root growth; is favorable for the growth of fibrous roots, and the fertilizer can further reduce insect pests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of American ginseng.
Background
American ginseng aliases American ginseng, etc. The plant is prepared from Panax of Araliaceae (Panax quinquefolium L.) by taking root as medicine and perennial root. American ginseng is a valuable and tonic medicine with special treatment value, has cold property and bitter taste, enters heart, lung and kidney, and has the functions of reducing fever, clearing away heat, removing deficiency heat, nourishing yin, promoting fluid production and reducing blood pressure. Clinically, the Chinese medicinal composition can improve or eliminate symptoms of body fluid and blood deficiency, such as emaciation, conjunctival congestion, tinnitus, dry mouth, dry throat, polydipsia, less qi, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, yin deficiency and fever, yin impairment due to heat, lung deficiency and chronic cough, hemoptysis and the like. The medicine is very popular in treatment due to the slow effect.
American ginseng is suitable for mountain land broadleaf forest lands with the altitude of about 1000 meters, and the environment with annual rainfall of about 1000 millimeters, annual average temperature of about 13 ℃, no frost period of 150-200 days, mild climate and abundant rainfall. The method is advantaged in that strong light and high temperature are avoided, the optimum temperature in the growing period is 18-24 ℃, the relative humidity of air is about 80%, the requirement on soil is strict, the method is suitable for forest sandy soil with loose soil, thicker soil layer, fertility and rich humus, the PH is 5.5-6.5, and continuous cropping is avoided.
Saponin content Rb of American ginseng rootlets 1 、Rg 1 Re, three components and total saponin content are higher than those of ginseng root. Due to the medication habit and the knowledge of people, american ginseng rootlets are not well utilized. Wherein, according to ginsenoside Rg 1 Re and Rb 1 The content order of the ginseng rootlets is larger than that of the ginseng roots.
The Chinese patent application CN103039228A discloses a method for planting ginseng under a forest, which comprises the following steps: 1. selecting and preparing land; 2. selecting seedlings; 3. planting seedlings; 4. performing field management; 5. pest control; 6. harvesting; 7. and (5) storing. The invention can reasonably utilize the resources under the forest, bring obvious economic and ecological benefits, but the ginseng planting under the forest is easy to damage the forest, and the use of pesticides can damage the ecological balance of the forest and the risk of water and soil loss.
The Chinese patent application CN109863969A discloses a method for planting American ginseng, which comprises the following steps of: 1. selecting under fruit trees or under high-stalk crops; 2. the planting time is selected to be 3-6 months; 3. sowing and seedling raising: firstly leveling the land, and then uniformly mixing seeds and dry scattered soil according to the proportion of 1-3:1000, sowing seeds; the density is 500-1000 grains per square meter; after sowing, sprinkling a layer of thin soil to cover seeds, and finally sprinkling water for once; 4. seedling stage management, namely, thick seedlings can be picked, and 1/5-1/2 of seedlings can be picked according to conditions when the seedlings are picked; 5. harvesting: harvesting in time when frost is reached, wherein harvesting comprises harvesting seeds and harvesting ginseng plants, and placing the ginseng plants in a cellar for winter. For the perennial American ginseng, the harvested annual American ginseng can be planted when the annual American ginseng naturally sprouts. However, the ginseng rootlets prepared by the method have less occupation and low content of active ingredients.
Chinese patent application CN101164407A discloses a drip irrigation method for planting American ginseng, which utilizes two layers of plastic films, namely one layer for blocking down gravity water, root system and up capillary water, and the other layer for removing excessive rainwater, and adopts a slope drip irrigation method for planting American ginseng. The adopted technical measures are as follows: 1. seedling beds are made in plots suitable for cultivating American ginseng, one side of each bed is high, the other side is low, and the bed surface is an inclined surface. Spreading a plastic film on the inclined plane, adding planting nutrient soil on the film, and then planting the ginseng seeds and the ginseng seedlings. 2. And a drip irrigation pipe is arranged along the bed at the high slope side of the bed, water is uniformly dripped on the bed, and the whole seedbed is infiltrated. 3. A rectangular inclined support frame is arranged above the American ginseng seedbed, and the rainwater is removed by a film. The technique is used for planting American ginseng, waterlogging can not occur in rainy days, spreading of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, large-area dead seedling phenomenon can not occur, the water content of soil is controlled manually, but the method is not suitable for large-scale planting of American ginseng, meanwhile, the content of active ingredients is not clear, and the proportion of ginseng rootlets is low.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a planting method suitable for large-scale improvement of the yield and quality of American ginseng fibrous roots.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a planting method of American ginseng. The fibrous roots are obtained by controlling seed treatment and fertilization, the fibrous roots of the American ginseng planted by the invention account for more than 50 percent, and the fibrous roots have high content of active ingredients.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a method for planting American ginseng, comprising land selection, soil preparation, seed treatment, sowing, greenhouse building, field management and harvesting, wherein the seed treatment comprises the following steps: immersing the seeds in the activating solution for 10-20h to obtain immersed seeds; the activating solution consists of citric acid, brassinolide, glucose and water.
Preferably, the activating solution consists of 0.002% -0.004% of citric acid, 0.005% -0.02% of brassinolide, 0.03% -0.06% of glucose and the balance of water in percentage by mass.
Preferably, the seed treatment further comprises seed dressing the soaked seeds with carbendazim wettable powder, then adding river sand and water into the seeds, and adjusting the water to 8-12%.
Before seed soaking, the collected American ginseng fruit needs to be rubbed off the pericarp and pulp on the same day, washed with clean water, rinsed to remove the pericarp and pulp and shrunken grains, fished out and controlled in water.
Preferably, the planting method further comprises the step of applying a microbial fertilizer before sowing, wherein the microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: a mixture of peanut shells and ginkgo leaves, pig manure, maltitol, urea, a mixture of potassium chloride and calcium chloride, bacillus subtilis and water.
Further preferably, the microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of a mixture of peanut shells and ginkgo leaves, 25-350 parts of pig manure, 15-20 parts of maltitol, 15-20 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of a mixture of potassium chloride and calcium chloride, 0.05-0.1 part of bacillus subtilis and 15-20 parts of water.
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the peanut shell to the ginkgo leaf is 5-10:1, and the mass ratio of the potassium chloride to the calcium chloride is 1-2:1.
After the microbial fertilizer is applied to the soil, fungus and crop symbiotic co-glowing effect, nutrient coordination effect, biological nitrogen fixation effect and the like can occur among the fungus, crops and soil ecological environment, so that healthy growth and stable yield increase effect of crops are ensured, and the main action mechanisms comprise: 1. soil fertility is improved, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved; 2. improving the soil aggregate structure, loosening and activating the soil; 3. promoting the growth of crops and enhancing the stress resistance of the crops; 4. reducing crop soil-borne diseases; 5. decomposing residual harmful substances in the soil.
Preferably, the planting method further comprises sowing: sowing in late autumn and early winter or sowing in spring for 2 and 3 months, wherein the plant-row spacing is 5cm multiplied by 10cm, and 1-2 seeds, preferably 2 seeds, are sown in each hole; 2-4cm of soil is covered after sowing; then covered with 10-15cm thick wheat straw.
Preferably, the planting method further comprises a step of building a shed: the arch-shaped light-transmitting shed is adopted before emergence in the middle ten days of 4 months each year, and the arch-shaped light-transmitting shed arch top is 110cm to 120cm away from the bed surface; the transmittance of the 1-2 year-old ginseng seedlings is 18% -20%, and the transmittance of the 3-4 year-old ginseng seedlings is 25% -30%.
Preferably, the planting method further comprises field management: and (3) weeding, topdressing, flower beating, pruning and shaping are carried out on the field regularly, and the water content of the soil is kept at 40% -50%.
Further preferably, the planting method further comprises topdressing: the additional fertilizer is applied for 1-3 times per year, shallow trenches with the length of 3-5cm are opened between plants, and 1-2kg of pig manure, 0.05-0.1kg of quality improver and 0.1-0.3kg of compound fertilizer are applied per square meter.
Further preferably, the raw materials of the quality improver comprise platycodon root fibrous root, kudzuvine root and isatis root.
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the platycodon root fibrous root, the kudzuvine root and the isatis root is 1:2-3:2-3.
The preparation method of the quality improver comprises the following steps: cleaning radix Platycodi fibrous root, radix Puerariae and radix Isatidis, oven drying, pulverizing, and grinding to 140-200 mesh to obtain the quality improving agent.
The invention also relates to the American ginseng planted by the planting method and application of the planting method in improving the quality of the American ginseng.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The seed treatment mode can further improve the emergence rate of American ginseng, and brassinosteroids are growth-promoting plant hormones and can effectively promote seed germination;
(2) In the microbial fertilizer, peanut shells and ginkgo leaves are used as carbon sources, wherein the peanut shells contain approximately 60% of crude fibers, the ginkgo leaves contain a large amount of extracts such as ginkgo flavone and ginkgolide, and the extracts are matched and fermented, so that the soil permeability and the soil water retention and fertility can be improved, fibrous roots can grow easily, and insect pests can be further reduced;
(3) Regular management after emergence of seedlings can improve the content of ginsenoside in fibrous roots by applying specific fertilizer, and obtain high-quality American ginseng with vigorous fibrous roots; the radix puerariae is rich in puerarin, has various biological activities such as antioxidation and anti-inflammatory, the radix isatidis contains various amino acids, and the radix puerariae and the radix isatidis can be added into the fertilizer at the same time to produce a synergistic effect.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are further clearly described, and the described embodiments are only a part of the present invention, which are used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention, so that other embodiments obtained by other persons skilled in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Bacillus subtilis, available from Shandong Xinjiang chemical Co.
Example 1
The planting method of American ginseng comprises the following steps:
(1) Optionally, preparing land: selecting a fertile farmland, avoiding windward and no strong light direct irradiation, turning over before sowing, then applying microbial fertilizer according to 30kg per mu, shallow tillage and leveling;
the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps: 15 parts of peanut shell and ginkgo leaf mixture, 30 parts of pig manure, 19 parts of maltitol, 18 parts of urea, 7 parts of potassium chloride and calcium chloride mixture with the mass ratio of 1:1 and 20 parts of water in a mass ratio of 8:1 are uniformly mixed to form a mixture; to the mixture was added 0.08 part of Bacillus subtilis (commercially available) having a growth promoting function, the viable count of which was 3X 10 9 CFU/g, fermenting at 30deg.C for 7 days to obtain microbial fertilizer.
(2) Seed treatment: picking up American ginseng fruit, removing pericarp and pulp, washing with clear water, removing pericarp and pulp and shrunken grains, taking out, controlling water, immersing seeds in activating solution (the activating solution is composed of 0.003% citric acid, 0.01% brassinolide, 0.05% glucose and the balance water) for 15h; mixing seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder with seed amount of 0.15%, mixing the seeds with bactericide into river sand and water (the mass ratio of the seeds to the river sand is 1:3), adjusting water to 10%, and placing in a basin box and the like in a shade place;
(3) Sowing: sowing in late autumn and early winter, wherein the sowing mode is adopted, the plant row spacing is 5cm multiplied by 10cm, 2 seeds are sown in each hole, and soil is covered for 3cm after sowing; then covering wheat straw with the thickness of 12 cm;
(4) And (5) building a shed: the shed is erected before emergence in the middle ten days of 4 months each year, an arch-shaped light-transmitting shed is adopted, and the arch top of the arch-shaped light-transmitting shed is 110cm away from the bed surface; the transmittance of the 1-2 years of ginseng seedlings is 18% -20%, and the transmittance of the 3-4 years of ginseng seedlings is 25% -30%;
(5) And (3) field management: weeding, topdressing, flower beating, pruning and shaping are carried out on the field regularly, and the water content of the soil is kept at 45%;
wherein, the additional fertilizer is applied 2 times per year, shallow trenches of 4cm are opened between plants, 1.5kg of pig manure, 0.08kg of quality improver and compound fertilizer (N-P) are applied per square meter 2 O 5 -K 2 O, 15-15-15) 0.2kg. The preparation method of the quality improver comprises the following steps: cleaning radix Platycodi fibrous root, radix Puerariae and radix Isatidis at a mass ratio of 1:3:2, respectively, oven drying, pulverizing, and grinding to 150 mesh;
(6) Harvesting: american ginseng grows for four years and is collected when stems and leaves turn yellow in the middle ten days of 10 months.
Example 2
The planting method of American ginseng comprises the following steps:
(1) Optionally, preparing land: selecting a fertile farmland, avoiding windward and no strong light direct irradiation, turning over before sowing, then applying microbial fertilizer according to 30kg per mu, shallow tillage and leveling;
the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps: peanut with mass ratio of 5:112 parts of a mixture of the shell and the ginkgo leaf, 35 parts of pig manure, 18 parts of maltitol, 15 parts of urea, 6 parts of a mixture of potassium chloride and calcium chloride with the mass ratio of 1:2 and 18 parts of water are uniformly mixed to form a mixture; to the mixture was added 0.07 part of Bacillus subtilis (commercially available) having a growth promoting function, the number of viable bacteria was 3X 10 9 CFU/g, fermenting at 30deg.C for 7 days to obtain microbial fertilizer.
(2) Seed treatment: picking up American ginseng fruit, removing pericarp and pulp, washing with clear water, removing pericarp and pulp and shrunken grains, taking out, controlling water, immersing seeds in activating solution (the activating solution is composed of 0.003% citric acid, 0.01% brassinolide, 0.05% glucose and the balance water) for 20h; mixing seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder with seed amount of 0.15%, mixing the seeds with bactericide into river sand and water (the mass ratio of the seeds to the river sand is 1:3), adjusting water to 10%, and placing in a basin box and the like in a shade place;
(3) Sowing: sowing in late autumn and early winter, wherein the sowing mode is adopted, the plant row spacing is 5cm multiplied by 10cm, 2 seeds are sown in each hole, and soil is covered for 3cm after sowing; then covering wheat straw with the thickness of 12 cm;
(4) And (5) building a shed: the shed is erected before emergence in the middle ten days of 4 months each year, an arch-shaped light-transmitting shed is adopted, and the arch top of the arch-shaped light-transmitting shed is 110cm away from the bed surface; the transmittance of the 1-2 years of ginseng seedlings is 18% -20%, and the transmittance of the 3-4 years of ginseng seedlings is 25% -30%;
(5) And (3) field management: weeding, topdressing, flower beating, pruning and shaping are carried out on the field regularly, and the water content of the soil is kept at 45%;
wherein, the additional fertilizer is applied 2 times per year, shallow trenches of 4cm are opened between plants, 2kg of pig manure, 0.01kg of quality improver and compound fertilizer (N-P) are applied per square meter 2 O 5 -K 2 O, 15-15-15) 0.1kg. The preparation method of the quality improver comprises the following steps: cleaning radix Platycodi fibrous root, radix Puerariae and radix Isatidis at a mass ratio of 1:3:2, oven drying, pulverizing, and grinding to 140 mesh.
(6) Harvesting: american ginseng grows for four years and is collected when stems and leaves turn yellow in the middle ten days of 10 months.
Example 3
The planting method of American ginseng comprises the following steps:
(1) Optionally, preparing land: selecting a fertile farmland, avoiding windward and no strong light direct irradiation, turning over before sowing, then applying microbial fertilizer according to 30kg per mu, shallow tillage and leveling;
the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps: 18 parts of peanut shell and ginkgo leaf mixture, 25 parts of pig manure, 20 parts of maltitol, 20 parts of urea, 7 parts of potassium chloride and calcium chloride mixture with the mass ratio of 2:1 and 20 parts of water in a mass ratio of 10:1 are uniformly mixed to form a mixture; to the mixture was added 0.08 part of Bacillus subtilis (commercially available) having a growth promoting function, the viable count of which was 3X 10 9 CFU/g, fermenting at 30deg.C for 7 days to obtain microbial fertilizer.
(2) Seed treatment: picking up American ginseng fruit, removing pericarp and pulp, washing with clear water, removing pericarp and pulp and shrunken grains, taking out, controlling water, immersing seeds in activating solution (the activating solution is composed of 0.003% citric acid, 0.01% brassinolide, 0.05% glucose and the balance water) for 15h; mixing seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder with seed amount of 0.15%, mixing the seeds with bactericide into river sand and water (the mass ratio of the seeds to the river sand is 1:3), adjusting water to 10%, and placing in a basin box and the like in a shade place;
(3) Sowing: sowing in late autumn and early winter, wherein the sowing mode is adopted, the plant row spacing is 5cm multiplied by 10cm, 2 seeds are sown in each hole, and soil is covered for 3cm after sowing; then covering wheat straw with the thickness of 12 cm;
(4) And (5) building a shed: the shed is erected before emergence in the middle ten days of 4 months each year, an arch-shaped light-transmitting shed is adopted, and the arch top of the arch-shaped light-transmitting shed is 110cm away from the bed surface; the transmittance of the 1-2 years of ginseng seedlings is 18% -20%, and the transmittance of the 3-4 years of ginseng seedlings is 25% -30%;
(5) And (3) field management: weeding, topdressing, flower beating, pruning and shaping are carried out on the field regularly, and the water content of the soil is kept at 45%;
wherein, the additional fertilizer is applied 2 times per year, shallow trenches of 4cm are opened between plants, 1kg of pig manure, 0.1kg of quality improver and compound fertilizer (N-P) are applied per square meter 2 O 5 -K 2 O, 15-15-15) 0.15kg. The preparation method of the quality improver comprises the following steps: cleaning radix Platycodi fibrous root, radix Puerariae and radix Isatidis at mass ratio of 1:2:3, oven drying, and pulverizing respectivelyCrushing and grinding to 200 meshes to obtain the finished product.
(6) Harvesting: american ginseng grows for four years and is collected when stems and leaves turn yellow in the middle ten days of 10 months.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the microbial fertilizer in step (1) is replaced with a compound fertilizer (N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O，15-15-15)。
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the microbial fertilizer in the step (1) is formed by uniformly mixing 15 parts of peanut shell, 30 parts of pig manure, 19 parts of maltitol, 18 parts of urea, 7 parts of a mixture of potassium chloride and calcium chloride in a mass ratio of 1:1 and 20 parts of water; 0.08 part of bacillus subtilis with growth promoting function is added into the mixture, and the number of viable bacteria is 3 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/g, fermenting at 30deg.C for 7 days to obtain microbial fertilizer.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the microbial fertilizer in the step (1) is formed by uniformly mixing 15 parts of ginkgo leaf, 30 parts of pig manure, 19 parts of maltitol, 18 parts of urea, 7 parts of a mixture of potassium chloride and calcium chloride in a mass ratio of 1:1 and 20 parts of water; 0.08 part of bacillus subtilis with growth promoting function is added into the mixture, and the number of viable bacteria is 3 multiplied by 10 9 CFU/g, fermenting at 30deg.C for 7 days to obtain microbial fertilizer.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the activation solution in step (2) consists of 0.003% citric acid, 0.01% ethephon, 0.05% glucose and the balance water.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that the activation solution in step (2) consists of 0.013% brassinolide, 0.05% glucose and the balance water.
Comparative example 6
The difference from example 1 is that the additional fertilizer in step (6) comprises: applying 2 times per year, spacing shallow ditch of 4cm between plants, applying 2-2.5kg pig manure per square meter, and applying compound fertilizer (N-P) 2 O 5 -K 2 O，15-15-15)0.05kg。
Comparative example 7
The difference from example 1 is that the quality improver in the step (6) is prepared from platycodon root and kudzuvine root in a mass ratio of 1:5 by respectively cleaning, drying, crushing and grinding to 150 meshes.
Comparative example 8
The difference from example 1 is that the quality improver in the step (6) is prepared from platycodon root fibrous root and isatis root in a mass ratio of 1:5 by respectively cleaning, drying, crushing and grinding to 150 meshes.
Effect testing
Test example 1 active ingredient detection
In order to verify the influence of the planting method on the content of the active ingredients of the American ginseng, in the same farmland, the American ginseng planting field is divided into a plurality of cells, and each cell is 30m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Each cell was planted in accordance with the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-8, respectively, using a random block arrangement, and each planting method was repeated 3 times. And keeping the consistency of sowing, shed building, field management and harvesting. Harvesting after planting for 4 years, recording growth condition of radix Panacis Quinquefolii plant, and determining ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb by high performance liquid chromatography in one part of Chinese pharmacopoeia of 2020 edition 1 Ginsenoside Rg 1 And the total saponins content of ginseng, the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 detection results of the content of partial active ingredients in American ginseng fibrous root
| Ginsenoside Rg 1 | Ginsenoside Re | Ginsenoside Rb 1 | Total saponins of Ginseng radix | |
| Example 1 | 0.15 | 1.85 | 5.26 | 9.79 |
| Example 2 | 0.16 | 1.84 | 5.24 | 9.81 |
| Example 3 | 0.17 | 1.79 | 5.31 | 9.83 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.12 | 1.52 | 3.03 | 6.67 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.09 | 1.51 | 3.95 | 7.89 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.10 | 1.49 | 3.17 | 6.80 |
| Comparative example 4 | 0.11 | 1.55 | 3.96 | 8.02 |
| Comparative example 5 | 0.11 | 1.47 | 4.11 | 8.11 |
| Comparative example 6 | 0.09 | 1.42 | 4.09 | 7.96 |
| Comparative example 7 | 0.08 | 1.39 | 3.92 | 7.75 |
| Comparative example 8 | 0.09 | 1.37 | 3.97 | 7.74 |
Test example 2 growth detection
Recording the emergence condition at the initial stage of planting, and calculating the emergence rate; after harvesting, the American ginseng is arranged and cleaned, the main root and the fibrous root are separated, and are respectively weighed, and the total weight of the American ginseng root is M 1 The weight of fibrous root is M 2 Wherein fibrous root ratio=m 2 /M 1 And taking an average value. The emergence rate and the fibrous root ratio are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 American ginseng seedling emergence and fibrous root ratio results
| Emergence rate of seedlings | Fibrous root ratio | |
| Example 1 | 100％ | 16.8％ |
| Example 2 | 100％ | 16.7％ |
| Example 3 | 100％ | 16.5％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 91％ | 13.2％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 92％ | 13.4％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 87％ | 11.5％ |
| Comparative example 4 | 88％ | 14.0％ |
| Comparative example 5 | 92％ | 11.7％ |
| Comparative example 6 | 99％ | 10.7％ |
| Comparative example 7 | 99％ | 10.1％ |
| Comparative example 8 | 99％ | 11.6％ |
The foregoing detailed description is directed to one of the possible embodiments of the present invention, which is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but is to be accorded the full scope of all such equivalents and modifications so as not to depart from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of planting American ginseng, the method comprising seed treatment prior to sowing, the seed treatment comprising: immersing the seeds in an activating solution composed of citric acid, brassinolide, glucose and water for 10-20h to obtain the immersed seeds.
2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the activating solution consists of 0.002% -0.004% of citric acid, 0.005% -0.02% of brassinolide, 0.03% -0.06% of glucose and the balance of water by mass percent.
3. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the seed treatment further comprises dressing the soaked seeds with carbendazim wettable powder, and then adding river sand and water to the seeds to adjust the water to 8-12%.
4. The planting method according to claim 1, further comprising applying a microbial fertilizer prior to sowing, wherein the microbial fertilizer comprises: a mixture of peanut shells and ginkgo leaves, pig manure, maltitol, urea, a mixture of potassium chloride and calcium chloride, bacillus subtilis and water.
5. The planting method according to claim 4, wherein the microbial fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of a mixture of peanut shells and ginkgo leaves, 25-35 parts of pig manure, 15-20 parts of maltitol, 15-20 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of a mixture of potassium chloride and calcium chloride, 0.05-0.1 part of bacillus subtilis and 15-20 parts of water.
6. The planting method according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of peanut shell to ginkgo leaf is 5-10:1, and the mass ratio of potassium chloride to calcium chloride is 1-2:1.
7. The planting method according to claim 1, further comprising additional fertilizer comprising applying 1-2kg of pig manure, 0.05-0.1kg of quality improver and 0.1-0.3kg of compound fertilizer per square meter.
8. The planting method according to claim 7, wherein the raw materials of the quality improving agent include platycodon root, pueraria root and isatis root.
9. The planting method according to claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of the platycodon root fibrous root, the kudzuvine root and the isatis root is 1:2-3:2-3.
10. Use of American ginseng obtained by the planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the preparation of a medicament for nourishing yin and tonifying qi.
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