CN117529628A

CN117529628A - Control device for incinerator equipment

Info

Publication number: CN117529628A
Application number: CN202280043995.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 坂本武藏; 洼田隆博; 西宫立享; 濑户口稔彦; 今田润司; 滑泽幸司; 林庆一; 江草知通
Original assignee: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental and Chemical Engineering Co Ltd
Current assignee: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental and Chemical Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-10
Filing date: 2022-07-06
Publication date: 2024-02-06
Also published as: WO2023037742A1; TW202311668A; JP7064643B1; JP2023040645A; KR20240010034A; TWI819707B

Abstract

A control device for stabilizing combustion in an incinerator facility is provided. The control device for the incinerator apparatus is provided with a furnace main body for conveying an object to be incinerated while combusting the object to be incinerated, and a combustion air supply unit for supplying combustion air to the furnace.

Description

Control device for incinerator equipment

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a control device of an incinerator apparatus. The present disclosure claims priority based on japanese patent application No. 2021-147752, 9/10 of 2021, and the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Background

In general, a hopper is attached to a garbage incinerator, and garbage charged into the hopper by a crane is sequentially supplied to the incinerator by a feeder disposed at a lower portion of the hopper. Patent document 1 discloses a control device that calculates the specific gravity of refuse from the volume and weight of the refuse charged into a hopper of a refuse incinerator, calculates the weight of the refuse to be supplied into the incinerator by multiplying the specific gravity of the refuse by the supply volume of the refuse, calculates the heat input amount from the weight of the refuse, and controls the supply of the refuse into the incinerator so that the heat input amount per unit time becomes constant.

Prior art literature

Patent literature

Patent document 1: japanese patent No. 6779779

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

In patent document 1, a range of time (for example, 1 to 2 hours) from the time of feeding the garbage into the hopper to the time of feeding the garbage into the incinerator is set, and the feeding weight of the garbage into the incinerator is calculated by multiplying the average value of the specific gravity of the garbage fed into the hopper in the range of time set earlier than the time point of feeding the garbage into the incinerator by the feeding volume of the garbage. In order to stabilize the combustion state in the furnace, it is preferable to estimate the supply amount of the refuse and the control amount in place of this more accurately, and to execute control in advance in accordance with the estimated supply amount and the like.

The present disclosure provides a control device for incinerator equipment capable of solving the above-described problems.

Means for solving the problems

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a control device is a control device for an incinerator apparatus including a furnace for transporting an object to be incinerated while combusting the object to be incinerated, and a combustion air supply unit for supplying combustion air to the furnace, the control device for the incinerator apparatus including: a combustion air control unit that controls the combustion air before the objects to be burned are put into the furnace, based on the amount of heat generated or the amount of supplied objects to be burned supplied to the furnace; and a calculating unit that detects a change in the height of the objects to be incinerated in a hopper by three-dimensional measurement, calculates the volume of the objects to be incinerated to be charged into the hopper based on the change in the height of the objects to be incinerated, calculates a density based on the weight of the objects to be incinerated to be charged into the hopper and the volume, compares the heat generation amount estimated based on the density of the objects to be incinerated to be charged to the furnace in a certain period of time in the past with the actually calculated heat generation amount, estimates a retention time from the objects to be incinerated to be charged into the hopper until the objects to be incinerated are charged into the furnace, calculates a supply amount or a heat generation amount of the objects to be incinerated to be supplied into the furnace after the retention time, based on a distribution of the objects to be incinerated in the hopper, and a ratio of objects to be incinerated to be charged into the furnace, and the air for combustion control based on the combustion air supply amount or the heat generation amount when the predetermined time from the objects to be incinerated has been charged into the hopper has elapsed from the time to be stored in the hopper.

Effects of the invention

According to the control device for the incinerator facility, the combustion state in the incinerator of the garbage incineration facility can be stabilized.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a view showing an example of the garbage incineration facility according to the embodiments.

Fig. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the second embodiment.

Fig. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the third embodiment.

Fig. 5 is a first diagram illustrating a process of estimating the amount of heat generation of the garbage according to the fourth embodiment.

Fig. 6 is a second diagram for explaining the process of estimating the amount of heat generation of the garbage according to the fourth embodiment.

Fig. 7 is a third diagram illustrating a process of estimating the amount of heat generation of the garbage according to the fourth embodiment.

Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of the control device according to each embodiment.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, a garbage incineration facility according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same reference numerals are given to structures having the same or similar functions. In addition, a repetitive description of these structures may be omitted. The term "XX or YY" is not limited to either XX or YY, and may include both XX and YY. This is also the case where the number of selected elements is three or more. "XX" and "YY" are arbitrary elements (e.g., arbitrary information).

(System architecture)

The garbage incineration apparatus 100 includes: the garbage charging hopper 1, a chute 2 for guiding the garbage charged into the hopper 1 to the lower part, a feeder 10 for feeding the garbage supplied through the chute 2 into the combustion chamber 6, a grate 3 for receiving the garbage supplied from the feeder 10 and drying and burning the garbage while transferring the garbage, the combustion chamber 6 for burning the garbage, an ash outlet 7 for discharging ash, a blower 4 for supplying air, a plurality of windboxes 5A to 5E for guiding the air supplied by the blower 4 to each part of the grate 3, a pipeline 14 for directly supplying the air supplied by the blower 4 to the combustion chamber 6 (secondary combustion chamber 6B), a boiler 9, a crane 17 for transporting the garbage, a sensor 15 for detecting the surface of the garbage from above the hopper 1, and an image sensor 16 for capturing the situation in the combustion chamber 6.

The crane 17 grips and conveys the garbage from a garbage pit (not shown), and drops the garbage into the hopper 1. The crane 17 is provided with a weight 17a. The weight meter 17a measures the weight of the garbage carried by the crane 17. The weight meter 17a is connected to the control device 20, and the weight measured by the weight meter 17a, that is, the weight of the garbage charged into the hopper 1 is transmitted to the control device 20. A sensor 15 is provided above the hopper 1 so as to be able to detect the entire surface of the refuse put into and accumulated in the hopper 1. The sensor 15 is provided to detect the volume of the garbage charged into the hopper 1 and the height of the garbage accumulated in the hopper 1 and the chute 2. The sensor 15 is, for example, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) device. LiDAR is a technology that irradiates a target object with laser light or the like while scanning the target object, and measures the distance, direction, and the like from the target object based on the brightness of the reflected light. By irradiating the entire surface of the accumulated refuse with laser light while scanning the entire surface of the refuse by using LiDAR, the distance of the distance measuring sensor 15 can be measured for the entire surface of the refuse. This allows the height of the garbage deposited on the hopper 1 and chute 2 to be detected. The volume of the refuse to be thrown into the hopper 1 can be calculated from the difference in the height of the refuse before and after the refuse is thrown into the hopper 1 from the crane 17. The sensor 15 is connected to the control device 20, and a measurement value measured by the sensor 15 is transmitted to the control device 20.

The feeder 10 is a feeder for pushing out the refuse supplied through the chute 2 to supply the refuse to the grate 3. The feeder 10 repeats the operation of pushing the refuse out to the combustion chamber 6 side and the operation of returning the refuse to the original position. The control device 20 controls the pushing operation and the returning operation of the feeder 10 to adjust the amount of the garbage supplied to the combustion chamber 6. The fire grate 3 is arranged at the bottoms of the chute 2 and the combustion chamber 6 and is used for conveying garbage. The fire grate 3 includes: a drying zone 3A for evaporating and drying the moisture of the garbage supplied from the supplier 10, a combustion zone 3B located downstream of the drying zone 3A for burning the dried garbage, and a post-combustion zone 3C located downstream of the combustion zone 3B for burning an unburned portion of the unburned carbon component or the like passing therethrough until ash is formed. The operation speed of the fire grate 3 is controlled by the control device 20.

The blower 4 is disposed below the fire grate 3, and supplies air to each portion of the fire grate 3 via the bellows 5A to 5E. The branch pipes connecting the piping 8 and the windboxes 5A to 5E are connected to the piping 8 for guiding the air fed from the blower 4 to the windboxes 5A to 5E, and the air doors 8A to 8E are provided to the branch pipes, respectively, so that the flow rate of the combustion air supplied to the windboxes 5A to 5E can be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the air doors 8A to 8E. The control device 20 controls the air blowing amount (rotation speed) of the blower 4 and the opening degrees of the dampers 8A to 8E. The dampers 8A to 8E are sometimes collectively referred to as primary combustion air dampers.

The combustion chamber 6 is formed by a primary combustion chamber 6A and a secondary combustion chamber 6B above the grate 3, and the boiler 9 is disposed downstream of the combustion chamber 6. The primary combustion chamber 6A is provided above the fire grate 3, and the secondary combustion chamber 6B is provided above the primary combustion chamber 6A. The primary combustion chamber 6A burns the refuse, and the pyrolysis gas generated in the primary combustion chamber 6A is mixed with the secondary combustion air and sent to the secondary combustion chamber 6B, where the unburned components in the pyrolysis gas are burned. A duct 14 connecting the blower 4 and the secondary combustion chamber 6B is connected to the secondary combustion chamber 6B of the combustion chamber 6, and air can be supplied to the secondary combustion chamber 6B by opening and closing a damper 14A provided in the duct 14. The control device 20 controls the opening degree of the damper 14A. The damper 14A is sometimes referred to as a post-combustion air damper. An image sensor 16 is provided at a position where the refuse supplied to the combustion chamber 6 can be captured. The image sensor 16 is connected to the control device 20, and an image captured by the image sensor 16 is transmitted to the control device 20. The image sensor 16 is, for example, an infrared camera. In the example of fig. 1, the image sensor 16 is provided at a position where the supply of the refuse is captured from the front side in the horizontal direction, but may be provided at a position where the refuse is captured from above and supplied to the combustion chamber 6, for example. The combustion chamber 6 is provided with a temperature sensor 18 for measuring the temperature in the combustion chamber 6. The temperature sensor 18 is connected to the control device 20, and the temperature in the furnace measured by the temperature sensor 18 is transmitted to the control device 20. The combustion chamber 6 is provided with an oxygen concentration sensor 19 that measures the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber 6. The oxygen concentration sensor 19 is connected to the control device 20, and the oxygen concentration in the furnace measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 19 is sent to the control device 20.

The boiler 9 generates steam by heat exchange between the exhaust gas fed from the combustion chamber 6 and water circulating in the boiler 9. The steam is supplied to a turbine for power generation, not shown, through a pipe 13. The line 13 is provided with a vapor flow sensor 11 that detects the flow rate of vapor. The vapor flow rate sensor 11 is connected to the control device 20, and the main vapor flow rate measured by the vapor flow rate sensor 11 is transmitted to the control device 20. The control device 20 controls, for example, the operation of the feeder 10 and the opening degrees of the primary combustion air damper and the secondary combustion air damper so that the main steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate sensor 11 becomes a predetermined target value. A flue 12 is connected to an exhaust outlet of the boiler 9, and exhaust gas after heat recovery by the boiler 9 passes through the flue 12 and passes through an exhaust gas treatment device not shown, and is discharged to the outside.

The control device 20 includes a data acquisition unit 21, a garbage height calculation unit 22, an image estimation unit 23, a supply amount estimation unit 24, a determination unit 25, a control unit 26, and a storage unit 27.

The data acquisition unit 21 acquires various data such as measurement values measured by the sensors 11, 14a, 15, 16, 17a, 18, and 19, and instruction values of the user. For example, the data acquisition unit 21 acquires a measurement value of the main vapor flow rate measured by the vapor flow rate sensor 11.

The garbage height calculating unit 22 calculates the height of the garbage accumulated on each position on the surfaces of the garbage stored in the hopper 1 and the chute 2, based on the distance from the surface of the garbage detected by the sensor 15. The height of the refuse is a height based on a predetermined position of the chute 2.

The image estimating unit 23 analyzes the image captured by the image sensor 16 to estimate the amount of supply (volume, weight) and the amount of heat generation (LHV: lower Heating Value) of the refuse supplied from the supplier 10 into the furnace. For example, the image estimating unit 23 compares images captured before and after the operation of pushing out the refuse by the feeder 10, extracts an image region in which the pushed-out refuse is captured, and estimates the volume of the refuse to be fed into the furnace based on the shape and area of the extracted image region and the pushing-out amount of the feeder 10. Alternatively, the image estimating unit 23 estimates the volume of the refuse based on an estimation model constructed by learning the relationship between the image region in which the pushed refuse is captured and the supply amount of the refuse, and the extracted image region. The image estimating unit 23 multiplies the estimated volume by the density calculated by a calculation method described later to calculate the weight of the refuse supplied into the furnace. The image estimating unit 23 estimates the amount of heat generation (LHV) from the weight of the refuse supplied into the furnace based on a predetermined conversion formula. In general, in a garbage incineration facility, the density and the calorific value of garbage are sampled, the relationship between the density and the calorific value is analyzed, and a conversion formula for calculating the calorific value from the density of garbage corresponding to the type of garbage or the like handled by the incineration facility is derived. The image estimating unit 23 estimates the amount of heat generation from the weight of the garbage obtained by the image analysis using the conversion expression. The control using the image estimating unit 23 will be described in the third embodiment.

The supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates a volume change of the refuse in the hopper 1 based on the change in the height of the refuse calculated by the refuse height calculating unit 22. The supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the amount of the refuse supplied into the furnace per unit time based on the volume change of the refuse in the hopper 1. The supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the density and the moisture content of the refuse supplied into the furnace, for example, the amount of heat generated by the refuse supplied into the furnace after the residence time, based on the distribution of the refuse in the hopper 1 and the chute 2 and the residence time Δt of the refuse in the hopper 1. The supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the supply amount and/or the heat generation amount of the refuse to be supplied at this time or at the next time and after the operation of the feeder 10, before the refuse is actually supplied into the furnace. In this way, control of the primary combustion air supplied into the combustion chamber 6 and the like can be performed before the refuse is supplied into the combustion chamber 6. The details of the process of estimating the amount of supplied and the amount of generated heat of the garbage by the supply amount estimating unit 24 will be described in the fourth embodiment.

The determination unit 25 determines whether or not to execute advanced control for stabilizing the combustion state in the furnace, based on the supply amount and/or the heat generation amount of the refuse estimated by the supply amount estimation unit 24. The determination unit 25 determines whether or not the combustion state in the furnace is stable as a result of the preceding control.

The control unit 26 controls the operation of the feeder 10, the opening degree of the primary combustion air damper (damper 8A to 8E) and the secondary combustion air damper (damper 14A), and the like. The control unit 26 performs advanced control of the primary combustion air damper and the feeder 10 based on the judgment of the judgment unit 25. In the advance control, particularly, the primary combustion air is controlled in advance to an appropriate supply amount to such an extent that the primary combustion air is not excessively advanced, and thus combustion can be stabilized.

The storage unit 27 stores the measurement value acquired by the data acquisition unit 21, information necessary for control, a conversion formula for calculating the amount of heat generation from the density of garbage, for example.

< first embodiment >, first embodiment

The process (supply control of primary combustion air) according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 2.

(action)

The control device 20 executes the following processing (advanced control) at predetermined time intervals.

The data acquisition unit 21 acquires and outputs the measurement value of the sensor 15 to the garbage height calculation unit 22. The refuse height calculating unit 22 calculates the height of the refuse accumulated in the hopper 1 at this time point based on the information of the distance from the sensor 15 to the refuse surface of the hopper 1, which is the measurement value of the sensor 15. The garbage height calculating unit 22 outputs the height of garbage at predetermined intervals to the supply amount estimating unit 24. The supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the supply amount and/or the heat generation amount of the garbage (step S1). For example, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the supply amount of the refuse to be supplied to the combustion chamber 6 per unit time based on the change in the height of the refuse per unit time (the decrease in height). The supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the density of the refuse from the volume and weight of the refuse measured when the refuse is charged into the hopper 1, and calculates the amount of heat generated when the refuse is supplied after the residence time Δt calculated by a predetermined method. At this time, the supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the density of the refuse to be supplied into the furnace in consideration of the distribution of the refuse to be supplied into the hopper 1 at different timings in the hopper 1 and the chute 2, the proportion of the refuse to be supplied into the furnace at the same time at different timings, the weight compression (compaction) of the refuse to be supplied after the refuse to be supplied at a certain timing moves to the lower portion of the chute 2, and the like (details are described in the fourth embodiment). The supply amount estimation unit 24 outputs the estimated supply amount and heat generation amount of the garbage to the determination unit 25.

Next, the determination unit 25 determines whether or not the amount of heat generated by the garbage supplied per unit time and/or the amount of heat generated by the garbage supplied after the retention time Δt increases by a predetermined amount or more (step S2). For example, the determination unit 25 compares the last estimated supply amount with the current estimated supply amount, determines whether or not the supply amount has increased by a predetermined amount or more, and compares the last estimated heating value with the current estimated heating value, and determines whether or not the supply amount has increased by a predetermined amount or more. For example, when the amount of supplied garbage and the amount of generated heat are increased by a predetermined amount or more, or when at least one of the amount of supplied garbage and the amount of generated heat is increased by a predetermined amount or more (step S2; yes), if the current control is continued, the control unit 26 determines that the combustion state is an excessive combustion state and instructs the control unit 26 to execute the preceding control for suppressing the combustion state. The control unit 26 performs control of reducing the supply amount of the primary combustion air in advance (step S3). For example, the control unit 26 reduces the opening degree of the dampers 8A to 8E, and reduces the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 6. At this time, the control unit 26 may decrease the opening of the damper 8A only to decrease the amount of air supplied to the drying area 3A, or may decrease the opening of the dampers 8A to 8C to decrease the amount of air supplied to the drying area 3A and the combustion area 3B. The control unit 26 may reduce the rotation speed of the blower 4 in addition to or instead of reducing the opening degree of the damper 8A or the like.

The amount of decrease in the opening of the dampers 8A to 8E and the amount of decrease in the rotation speed of the blower 4 may be determined based on the supply amount and the amount of heat generation of the garbage estimated in step S1, for example, based on a function that defines the relationship between these control amounts and the supply amount and/or amount of heat generation. The control unit 26 may perform control to reduce the opening degree of the damper 8A or the like and the rotation speed of the blower 4 only for a predetermined fixed time, or may continue to perform control of the damper 8A or the like until the amount of supply and/or the amount of heat generation of the garbage per unit time becomes fixed.

When the opening degree of the start damper 8A or the like is reduced and the rotation speed of the blower 4 is reduced, (1) the supply amount (volume, weight) of the refuse based on the volume change calculated from the height change of the refuse measured at the time of the LiDAR is estimated in step S1, for example, the advance control may be started immediately after the determination in step S2 (since the latest volume reduction is regarded as the supply amount just charged into the furnace, the advance control is started immediately at this timing in accordance with the supply amount of the refuse actually charged into the furnace, and the advance control is performed as compared with the conventional feedback control. (2) In the case where the estimated amount of heat generation in step S1 is the amount of heat generation, as described later in the fourth embodiment, the amount of heat generation corresponding to the amount of waste to be supplied into the furnace after the retention time Δt from the time of charging into the hopper 1 can be estimated. In other words, the timing of feeding the refuse into the furnace (after the retention time Δt) is known at the time of feeding the refuse into the hopper 1. Accordingly, since the amount of heat generated by the refuse to be supplied into the furnace later is known at a point of time slightly before the supply of the refuse into the furnace, it is possible to perform the determination of step S2 earlier than the supply timing by a predetermined time, for example, and start the advance control based on the determination result. The refuse to be supplied into the furnace later herein is refuse existing in pattern 1 of fig. 6 and 7 described later. If the advance control of step S3 is started at a predetermined time earlier than the supply timing, the advance control is started before the actual garbage is charged into the furnace. Alternatively, the determination in step S2 may be performed in accordance with the timing of supply of the refuse estimated based on the retention time Δt (for example, simultaneously with supply to immediately after supply), and then the advance control may be started immediately thereafter. In this case, as in the case of the supply amount of the refuse described in (1), the advance control is started immediately before the refuse is charged into the furnace to immediately after the refuse is charged into the furnace. (the supply amount of the refuse is not limited to the embodiment described in (1) in which the determination in step S2 is performed based on the actual result value of the supply amount of the refuse according to the change in the height of the refuse, and the determination in step S2 may be performed based on the estimated value in advance, and then the advance control may be started, that is, similarly to the case of the amount of heat generation, the volume and the weight of the refuse estimated to be present at the position to be supplied into the furnace when the refuse is pushed out by the pusher 10 later (that is, the supply amount of the refuse to be supplied into the furnace later) may be controlled in advance before the actual supply of the refuse into the furnace, for example, it is estimated that the refuse charged into the hopper 1 reaches the position of the pattern 1 illustrated in fig. 6 and 7 after the retention time Δt, and the volume and the weight of the refuse occupied by the pattern 1 may be calculated, and the refuse estimated to be supplied into the furnace later when the calculated supply amount of the refuse is slightly earlier than the refuse is supplied into the furnace, and the determination in step S2 may be performed when the supply timing is earlier than the supply timing. Further, if it can be estimated that the refuse is charged into the furnace after the residence time Δt has elapsed since the refuse was charged into the hopper 1, it is not necessarily required to wait until the advance control is performed immediately before the refuse is charged into the furnace, and the advance control can be started earlier. The timing at which the advance control is started may be arbitrarily adjusted according to the type of equipment or garbage. In general, for example, the supply amount of the primary combustion air is often feedback-controlled so that the main steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate sensor 11 is constant, but compared with such conventional control, the supply amount of the primary combustion air corresponding to the supply amount and the heat generation amount of the garbage can be controlled in advance, and therefore the state (atmosphere) of the air in the combustion chamber 6 can be adjusted in advance to the state corresponding to the supply amount and the heat generation amount of the garbage, and as a result, the combustion state can be stabilized. The same applies to step S7 (when the supply amount of the primary combustion air is increased) described later.

The control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 to feed the refuse into the furnace (step S4). For example, the control unit 26 calculates the amount of thrust of the feeder 10 so that the main vapor flow rate measured by the vapor flow rate sensor 11 becomes a predetermined target value, and moves the feeder 10 by the calculated amount of thrust, thereby feeding the refuse into the furnace. The sequence of steps S3 and S4 shown in fig. 2 is for convenience, and the control unit 26 performs control for reducing the supply amount of primary combustion air and control for supplying refuse into the furnace in parallel. Next, the determination unit 25 obtains the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 by the data obtaining unit 21. The determination unit 25 determines whether or not the furnace gas temperature continues for a predetermined time period or longer within a predetermined range (step S5). When the furnace gas temperature is within the predetermined range for a predetermined time or longer (step S5; yes), the control unit 26 ends the advance control of the first embodiment (advance supply of the primary combustion air). When the temperature of the furnace gas does not stay within the predetermined range for a predetermined period of time or longer (step S5; no), the control unit 26 repeats the process from step S3.

In the case where the amount of garbage supplied per unit time is not increased by a predetermined amount or more in the determination in step S2 (step S2; no), the determination unit 25 determines whether or not the amount of heat generated by garbage supplied per unit time and/or the amount of heat generated by garbage supplied after the retention time Δt has decreased by a predetermined amount or more (step S6). When the supply amount and the heat generation amount of the garbage are reduced by a predetermined amount or more or when one of the supply amount and the heat generation amount is reduced by a predetermined amount or more (step S6; yes), the control unit 26 determines that the combustion state is degraded or lowered and instructs the control unit 26 to execute the preceding control in order to promote the combustion in the furnace if the current control is continued. The control unit 26 performs control to increase the supply amount of the primary combustion air (step S7). For example, the control unit 26 increases the opening degree of the dampers 8A to 8E, and increases the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 6. At this time, the control unit 26 may increase the opening degree of the damper 8A only to increase the amount of air supplied to the drying area 3A, or may increase the opening degree of the dampers 8A to 8C to increase the amount of air supplied to the drying area 3A and the combustion area 3B. The control unit 26 may increase the rotation speed of the blower 4 in addition to or instead of increasing the opening degree of the damper 8A or the like.

The amount of increase in the opening degree of the damper 8A or the like and the amount of increase in the rotational speed of the blower 4 may be determined based on the supply amount and the amount of heat generation of the refuse estimated in step S1, based on a function or the like that defines the relationship between these control amounts and the supply amount and/or amount of heat generation. The control unit 26 may perform control to increase the opening degree of the damper 8A or the like and the rotation speed of the blower 4 only for a predetermined fixed time, or may continue to perform control of the damper 8A or the like until the amount of supply and/or the amount of heat generation of the garbage per unit time becomes fixed. As described in step S3, the opening degree of the damper 8A or the like is increased, and the start of the increase in the rotation speed of the blower 4 is advanced from the actual supply of the garbage, or is started at a timing immediately before to immediately after the supply of the garbage. The control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 to supply the refuse into the furnace (step S8). For example, the control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 based on the main vapor flow rate measured by the vapor flow rate sensor 11. The sequence of steps S7 and S8 shown in fig. 2 is for convenience, and the control unit 26 performs control for increasing the supply amount of primary combustion air and control for supplying refuse into the furnace in parallel. Next, the determination unit 25 obtains the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 by the data obtaining unit 21. The determination unit 25 determines whether or not the temperature of the furnace gas is within a predetermined range for a predetermined time or longer (step S9). When the furnace gas temperature is within the predetermined range for a predetermined time or longer (step S9; yes), the control unit 26 ends the advance control of the first embodiment (advance supply of the primary combustion air). When the temperature of the furnace gas is not within the predetermined range for a predetermined period of time or longer (step S9; no), the control unit 26 repeats the process from step S7.

In step S6, when the amount of supplied garbage per unit time and/or the amount of generated heat of garbage supplied after the retention time DeltaT have not decreased by a predetermined amount or more (step S6; NO), that is, when the amount of supplied garbage per unit time has changed within a predetermined range, the flow returns to step S1. If the determination in step S6 is no, the control unit 26 controls the opening degree of the damper 8A and the like and the feeder 10 so that the main vapor flow rate measured by the vapor flow rate sensor 11 becomes a target value, for example. The control of the feeder 10 is the same as the control of steps S4 and S8.

In the flowchart of fig. 2, in steps S2 and S6, the supply amount of the primary combustion air is controlled only when the supply amount and the heat generation amount of the garbage are equal to or larger than a predetermined amount, but instead of making such a determination, the relation between the supply amount and/or the heat generation amount of the garbage and the supply amount of the primary combustion air may be expressed by a predetermined function, and the damper 8A and the blower 4 may be controlled based on the function and the supply amount and/or the heat generation amount estimated in step S1.

According to the first embodiment, the supply amount of the primary combustion air is adjusted based on the supply amount and the heat generation amount of the refuse estimated in advance before the refuse is supplied to the combustion chamber 6. This can create an atmosphere that stabilizes the combustion state of the combustion chamber 6, and can suppress the generation of CO and NOx.

< second embodiment >

Next, a process (control of the primary combustion air and the garbage supply amount) according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 3. In the second embodiment, the amount of the supplied refuse to the combustion chamber 6 is controlled in advance based on the estimated values of the amount of the supplied refuse and the amount of the generated heat, in addition to the primary combustion air.

(action)

Fig. 3 is a first flowchart showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the second embodiment. The same processing as in the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and will be briefly described.

First, the supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the supply amount and/or the heat generation amount of the refuse based on the height of the refuse or the like measured by the LiDAR (step S1). The supply amount estimation unit 24 outputs the estimated supply amount and the estimated heat generation amount of the garbage to the determination unit 25.

Next, the determination unit 25 determines whether or not the amount of heat generated by the garbage supplied per unit time and/or the amount of heat generated by the garbage supplied after the retention time Δt increases by a predetermined amount or more (step S2). When the amount of supplied garbage and/or the amount of generated heat increases by a predetermined amount or more (step S2; yes), the control unit 26 performs control to decrease the amount of supplied primary combustion air in advance (step S3). The control unit 26 reduces the opening degree of the dampers 8A to 8E or reduces the rotation speed of the blower 4, thereby reducing the amount of primary combustion air supplied.

In parallel with this, the control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 to feed the refuse into the furnace, but reduces the amount of refuse fed into the furnace in order to suppress excessive combustion (step S41). For example, the control unit 26 reduces the pushing amount (stroke) of the feeder 10, and reduces the amount of the garbage supplied to the combustion chamber 6. Alternatively, the control unit 26 may reduce the amount of the supplied refuse by reducing the moving speed of the feeder 10, reducing the amount of the supplied refuse to the combustion chamber 6, or reducing both the amount of the pushed-out refuse and the moving speed. The control unit 26 may reduce (temporarily stop) the supply amount of the garbage by stopping the feeder 10. For example, the control unit 26 may push out the feeder 10 for a normal half, supply about half of the garbage, and stop the feeder 10 at that position for a predetermined time. For example, the control unit 26 may control the feeder 10 based on a function or the like that defines a relationship between the estimated amount and the movement speed of the feeder 10 and the amount and/or amount of heat generated by the garbage, and the amount and amount of heat generated by the garbage estimated in step S1.

The control unit 26 may perform the stroke reduction, the movement speed reduction, and the like of the feeder 10 only for a predetermined fixed time, or may continuously perform the control of the feeder 10 until the amount of supply and/or the amount of heat generation per unit time become fixed.

The timing of reducing the amount of the supplied refuse is performed at a timing closer to the timing of supplying the refuse (the refuse determined to be yes in step S2) as the target or at the timing of supplying the refuse (after the retention time Δt) than the timing of starting the control in step S3. For example, in step S1, the supply amount (volume, weight) of the refuse may be estimated based on the volume change calculated from the height change of the refuse measured at the time of LiDAR, and when the estimated value is considered to be the supply amount of the refuse to be supplied to the furnace this time, the advance control may be started immediately after the determination in step S2.

When the estimated amount of heat generation in step S1 is the amount of heat generation, as described in the fourth embodiment, the amount of heat generation corresponding to the amount of waste to be supplied into the furnace after the residence time Δt has elapsed from the time of charging into the hopper 1 can be estimated, and the amount of heat generation of waste to be supplied into the furnace immediately before and after the supply of the waste into the furnace can be known. Therefore, the determination of step S2 may be performed in advance based on the amount of heat generated by the refuse to be supplied into the furnace later, and the advance control of step S3 may be performed based on the determination result, and the control of reducing the amount of supply of refuse may be started after the start timing of the control of step S3 and at a predetermined time earlier than (or simultaneously with) the timing of the supply of refuse into the furnace. In general, the supply amount of the primary combustion air and the supply amount of the refuse are often feedback-controlled so that the main steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate sensor 11 becomes constant, but the supply amounts of the primary combustion air and the refuse can be controlled in advance compared with such control, and therefore the combustion state in the combustion chamber 6 can be stabilized. The same applies to steps S7 and S81 described later.

Next, the determination unit 25 obtains the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 by the data obtaining unit 21. The determination unit 25 determines whether or not the furnace gas temperature continues for a predetermined time period or longer within a predetermined range (step S5). When the furnace gas temperature is within the predetermined range for a predetermined time or longer (step S5; yes), the control unit 26 ends the advanced control of the primary combustion air and the garbage supply amount according to the second embodiment. When the temperature of the furnace gas is not within the predetermined range for a predetermined period of time or longer (step S5; no), the control unit 26 repeats the process from step S3.

When the amount of the supplied garbage per unit time or the like is not increased by a predetermined amount or more (step S2; no), the determination unit 25 determines whether or not the amount of the supplied garbage per unit time and/or the amount of heat generated by the garbage supplied after the retention time Δt is reduced by a predetermined amount or more (step S6). When the amount of supplied garbage and/or the amount of generated heat is reduced by a predetermined amount or more (step S6; yes), the control unit 26 performs control to increase the amount of supplied primary combustion air in advance (step S7). The control unit 26 increases the opening degree of the dampers 8A to 8E or increases the rotation speed of the blower 4, thereby increasing the supply amount of the primary combustion air.

In parallel with step S7, the control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 to feed the refuse into the furnace, but increases the amount of refuse fed into the furnace in order to promote combustion (step S81). For example, the control unit 26 increases the amount of pushing out (stroke) of the feeder 10, increases the moving speed of the feeder 10, or increases both the amount of pushing out and the moving speed, thereby increasing the amount of garbage supplied. For example, the control unit 26 may control the feeder 10 based on a function or the like that defines a relationship between the estimated amount and movement speed of the feeder 10 and the amount and/or amount of heat generated by the garbage, and the amount and amount of heat generated by the garbage estimated in step S1. The control unit 26 may execute the control of the feeder 10 only for a predetermined fixed time, or may execute the control of the feeder 10 until the amount of supply and/or the amount of heat generation per unit time become fixed.

As described in step S41, the control of steps S7 and S81 may be started in advance with respect to the timing of increasing the supply amount of garbage.

Next, the determination unit 25 obtains the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 by the data obtaining unit 21. The determination unit 25 determines whether or not the furnace gas temperature continues for a predetermined time period or longer within a predetermined range (step S9). When the furnace gas temperature is within the predetermined range for a predetermined time or longer (step S9; yes), the control unit 26 ends the advance control of the second embodiment (advance supply of the primary combustion air). When the temperature of the furnace gas is not within the predetermined range for a predetermined period of time or longer (step S9; no), the control unit 26 repeats the process from step S7.

In step S6, when the amount of supplied garbage per unit time and/or the amount of generated heat of garbage supplied after the retention time DeltaT have not decreased by a predetermined amount or more (step S6; NO), that is, when the amount of supplied garbage per unit time has changed within a predetermined range, the flow returns to step S1. If the determination in step S6 is no, the control unit 26 controls the opening degree of the damper 8A and the like and the feeder 10 based on the vapor flow rate measured by the vapor flow rate sensor 11.

In the flowchart of fig. 2, in steps S2 and S6, the supply amount of the primary combustion air is controlled only when the supply amount and the heat generation amount of the garbage are equal to or larger than a predetermined amount, but instead of making such a determination, the relation between the supply amount and/or the heat generation amount of the garbage and the supply amount of the primary combustion air may be expressed by a predetermined function, and the damper 8A and the blower 4 may be controlled based on the function and the supply amount and/or the heat generation amount estimated in step S1. Similarly, the relation between the amount of supply and/or the amount of heat generated by the garbage and the stroke and the movement speed of the feeder 10 may be expressed by a predetermined function, and the operation of the feeder 10 may be controlled based on the function and the amount of supply and/or the amount of heat estimated in step S1.

According to the second embodiment, immediately after the supply amount of the refuse is estimated or with a delay of a certain time from the estimation of the amount of heat generation to the actual supply of the refuse, the supply amount of the refuse is adjusted in advance in conjunction with the primary combustion air according to the estimated supply amount and the amount of heat generation, whereby the combustion state of the combustion chamber 6 can be stabilized, and the generation of CO and NOx can be suppressed.

< third embodiment >

Next, a process according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 4. In the third embodiment, advanced control of primary combustion air or the like is adjusted according to the supply amount of refuse actually supplied into the furnace. The third embodiment can be combined with either one of the first and second embodiments, and an operation example in the case of combination with the first embodiment is shown in fig. 4.

(action)

Fig. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the second embodiment. The same processing as in the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and will be briefly described.

In parallel with this, the control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 to supply the refuse into the furnace (step S4). Next, the image estimating unit 23 analyzes the image captured by the image sensor 16, and estimates the amount of the refuse supplied to the combustion chamber 6 (step S42). The image estimating unit 23 outputs an estimated value of the amount of supplied garbage to the control unit 26. The control unit 26 adjusts the supply amount of the primary combustion air and/or the secondary combustion air based on the estimated value of the supply amount of the refuse (step S43). For example, when the estimated value of the garbage supply amount is larger than the supply amount estimated in step S1, the opening degree of the damper 8A or the like is further reduced or the rotation speed of the blower 4 is reduced so that the supply amount of the primary combustion air is reduced. The control unit 26 performs the following control: by decreasing the opening degree of the damper 14A, the supply amount of the secondary combustion air is decreased in addition to the primary combustion air, and the oxygen concentration in the secondary combustion chamber 6B is decreased. Conversely, if the estimated value of the garbage supply amount is smaller than the supply amount estimated in step S1, the degree of decrease in the opening degree of the damper 8A or the like and the rotation speed of the blower 4 may be adjusted to be relaxed. Next, the determination unit 25 determines whether or not the furnace gas temperature and/or the oxygen concentration continues for a predetermined time period or longer within a predetermined range (step S51). The determination unit 25 obtains the temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 and the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 19 by the data acquisition unit 21, and determines whether the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 and/or the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber 6 are within a predetermined range. When the temperature of the furnace gas and/or the oxygen concentration is within the predetermined range for a predetermined period of time or longer (step S51; yes), the control unit 26 ends the advanced control of the primary combustion air according to the third embodiment. When the furnace gas temperature and/or the oxygen concentration does not remain within the predetermined range for a predetermined period of time or longer (step S51; no), the control unit 26 repeats the processing from step S3.

In parallel with this, the control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 to supply the refuse into the furnace (step S8). Next, the image estimating unit 23 analyzes the image captured by the image sensor 16, and estimates the amount of the refuse supplied to the combustion chamber 6 (step S82). The image estimating unit 23 outputs an estimated value of the amount of supplied garbage to the control unit 26. The control unit 26 adjusts the supply amount of the primary combustion air and/or the secondary combustion air based on the estimated value of the supply amount of the refuse (step S83). For example, when the estimated value of the garbage supply amount is smaller than the supply amount estimated in step S1, the opening degree of the damper 8A or the like is further increased or the rotation speed of the blower 4 is increased so that the supply amount of the primary combustion air is increased. The control unit 26 performs the following control: by increasing the opening degree of the damper 14A, the supply amount of the secondary combustion air is increased in addition to the primary combustion air, and the oxygen concentration in the secondary combustion chamber 6B is increased. For example, the control unit 26 controls the opening degree of the damper 14A according to the estimated amount of the garbage supplied from the image, based on a function or the like that defines the relationship between the estimated amount of the garbage supplied and the opening degree of the damper 14A. Conversely, if the estimated value of the garbage supply amount is larger than the supply amount estimated in step S1, the opening degree of the damper 8A or the like and the degree of increase in the rotation speed of the blower 4 may be adjusted to be relaxed. Next, the determination unit 25 determines whether or not the furnace gas temperature and/or the oxygen concentration continues for a predetermined time period or longer within a predetermined range (step S91). The determination unit 25 obtains the temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 and the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 19 by the data obtaining unit 21, and determines that the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 and/or the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber 6 are within a predetermined range for a predetermined period of time or longer. When the temperature of the furnace gas and/or the oxygen concentration is within the predetermined range for a predetermined period of time or longer (step S91; yes), the control unit 26 ends the advanced control of the primary combustion air according to the third embodiment. When the furnace gas temperature and/or the oxygen concentration does not remain within the predetermined range for a predetermined period of time or longer (step S91; no), the control unit 26 repeats the processing from step S7.

According to the third embodiment, the supply amount and the heat generation amount of the garbage are estimated from the image information after the garbage is charged into the furnace, and the secondary air is controlled, whereby the combustion can be further stabilized. The estimation of the amount of supplied waste and the amount of generated heat in step S1 is estimated based on the measured value of the distance from the waste surface of the hopper 1, but may deviate from the amount of supplied waste and the amount of generated heat supplied into the furnace in practice. In contrast, according to the processing of steps S42, 43, 82, and 83 of the present embodiment, the deviation of the estimated value in step S1 can be compensated by controlling the supply amounts of the primary combustion air and the secondary combustion air based on the image of the actual garbage to be supplied.

According to the present embodiment, unlike the method of detecting a volume change from the height of the surface of the refuse in the hopper 1 or detecting the amount of the refuse supplied into the furnace from the operation of the feeder 10, the amount of the refuse actually charged into the furnace is estimated from the image, so that the instantaneous amount of the refuse supplied can be estimated, and the amount of the refuse supplied with high accuracy with little time variation can be detected.

Fig. 4 shows the operation in the case of combination with the first embodiment, but in the case of combination with the second embodiment, the processing of steps S4 and S8 is replaced with the processing of steps S41 and S81 in fig. 3, respectively. In step S43, the stroke and the moving speed of the feeder 10 are adjusted in addition to the adjustment of the primary combustion air and the secondary combustion air. For example, when the estimated value of the supply amount of garbage is larger than the supply amount estimated in step S1, the control unit 26 further shortens the stroke of the feeder 10 or slows down the moving speed. Similarly, in step S83, the stroke and the moving speed of the feeder 10 are adjusted in addition to the adjustment of the primary combustion air and the secondary combustion air. For example, when the estimated value of the supply amount of the garbage is smaller than the supply amount estimated in step S1, the control unit 26 further extends the stroke of the feeder 10 or increases the moving speed. In the case of performing control of these feeders 10, the control unit 26 performs control of the feeder 10 according to the amount of the supplied refuse estimated from the image, based on a function or the like defining the relationship between the estimated value of the amount of the supplied refuse and the stroke or the moving speed of the feeder 10.

< fourth embodiment >, a third embodiment

Next, the processing according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 5 to 7. In the fourth embodiment, the processing of step S1 in the first to third embodiments will be described.

(estimation method 1)

The left view 50 of fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the hopper 1 and chute 2. Each of the illustrated layers I1 to I5 is a layer of refuse formed by charging refuse once into the hopper 1. For example, the garbage is formed into a layer 15 by the garbage which is currently put into the hopper 1 five times before, a layer I4 by the garbage which is put into four times before, a layer I3 by the garbage which is put into three times before, a layer I2 by the garbage which is put into two times before, and a layer I1 by the garbage which is put into just before. In the estimating method 1, the supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the average residence time Δt until the refuse in the newly charged layer I1 is supplied into the furnace, and estimates the amount of heat generation (LHV) generated from the refuse charged after the average residence time Δt, according to the procedure described below.

(step 1) the refuse height calculating section 22 detects the distance from the sensor 15 to the refuse surface at each position of the entire refuse surface in the hopper 1 at a time. When the garbage of the layer I5 is charged, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the volume of the charged garbage based on the amount of increase in the height of the garbage before and after the garbage is charged. The supply amount estimating unit 24 obtains the weight of the refuse measured by the weight 17a at the time of transporting the refuse in the layer I5, and divides the calculated volume of the refuse by the weight, thereby calculating the density of the refuse in the layer I5. Similarly, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the density of the garbage in each of the layers I4 to I1 when the garbage is put into the layers. The supply amount estimating unit 24 records the densities of the garbage in the respective layers I1 to I4 in the storage unit 27. The calculated relationship between the density of the garbage and the layer is shown in fig. 51. In fig. 51, the vertical axis represents density, and the horizontal axis represents positions (layers) in the hopper 1 and chute 2. The broken line graph 51a shows, in order from the left, the density of the layer I5, the density of the layer I4, the density of the layer I3, the density of the layer I2, and the density of the layer I1.

(step 2) the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the amount of heat generation using the density of each layer and a conversion formula for calculating the amount of heat generation from the garbage density derived in advance. It is generally known that there is a negative correlation between garbage density and calorific value. Fig. 52 shows the amount of heat generation corresponding to the garbage density of each layer. In fig. 52, the vertical axis represents the heating value (LHV), and the horizontal axis represents time. Fig. 52 shows, for example, transition of the amount of heat generated according to the density of the refuse supplied into the furnace at each time point when the refuse is supplied into the furnace in a predetermined supply amount per unit time from the state of fig. 50. The broken line graph 52a shows the heat generation amount of the layer 15, the heat generation amount of the layer 14, the heat generation amount of the layer 13, the heat generation amount of the layer I2, and the heat generation amount of the layer I1 in this order from the left.

(step 3) next, the amount of heat generated when the garbage of each layer shown in fig. 50 is actually put into the incinerator is calculated. For example, after starting from a state where the refuse in the layer I5 is located at the position of the layer I1 (the refuse in the layers I4 to I1 in fig. 50 is not put into the hopper), the main vapor flow rate during the refuse combustion in each of the layers 11 to I5 (the layers I1 to I5 in fig. 50) is measured by the vapor flow rate sensor 11 while the refuse is put into the sequence I4 to I1, and the heating value (LHV) at each time is calculated by dividing the measured main vapor flow rate by the cumulative value of the refuse weight put into the hopper 1 by the crane 17 for 1 hour. The method for calculating the amount of heat generation is known, and the amount of heat generation when garbage in each of the layers I1 to I5 is burned can be calculated by any known method. The heat generation amounts at the time of combustion of the respective layers I1 to I5 are shown in fig. 53. In fig. 53, the vertical axis represents the heating value (LHV), and the horizontal axis represents time. The graph 53a shows the transition of the heating value (LHV process value) calculated based on the actual result value of the main vapor flow rate. The user registers data indicating the transition of the heat generation amount calculated based on the measurement value in the storage unit 27. Alternatively, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the amount of heat generation illustrated in fig. 53, and registers the amount of heat generation in the storage unit 27.

(step 4) next, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the correlation between the map 52a of the generated heat amount based on the density of each layer and the map 53a of the generated heat amount calculated based on the main vapor flow rate while moving the map 52a calculated in step 2 in the time axis direction. The supply amount estimating unit 24 searches the movement amount Δt of the graph 52a in the case where the correlation is maximum. Let Δt be the average residence time Δt when the correlation is maximum. The residence time varies depending on the amount of waste to be treated, and therefore, it is necessary to consider a change in the quality of waste, an operation schedule, and the like. For example, the average retention time Δt is calculated every time the garbage quality and the operation schedule change.

(step 5) after calculating the average residence time Δt, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the density each time refuse is charged into the hopper 1, and calculates the amount of heat generation by a conversion formula. Then, the supply amount estimation unit 24 records the calculation result (estimation value) in the storage unit 27 together with the time. Thus, when the feeder control is currently performed to supply the refuse, the estimated heat generation amount at the time of the current average retention time Δt is the estimated value of the heat generation amount of the refuse supplied this time. The supply amount estimating unit 24 reads the estimated value of the heat generation amount recorded in the storage unit 27 at the early average retention time Δt, and estimates the heat generation amount (step S1 in fig. 2 to 4). The estimated value of the amount of the supplied refuse into the furnace is calculated based on the volume change of the refuse based on the height change of the refuse caused by the current supply of the refuse (for example, the unit height×the cross-sectional area of the hopper 1 or chute 2 is integrated with the height change amount of the refuse in the height direction, the cross-sectional areas of the hopper 1 and chute 2 are known.) (step S1 in fig. 2 to 4). This is an estimated value of the supply amount of the garbage supplied this time.

Alternatively, the supply amount estimating unit 24 may record the calculation result of the volume change based on the height change in the hopper 1 per unit time in the storage unit 27 together with the time, and the volume change with respect to the current average retention time Δt may be an estimated value of the supply amount of the garbage to be supplied this time.

(estimation method 2)

In the estimation method 1, it is considered that all the garbage charged into the furnace is garbage charged into the hopper 1 at the same timing, and the density of the garbage is considered to be constant. However, in practice, the garbage charged at different timings is mixed and fed into the furnace based on the distribution of the garbage in the chute 2. In the estimating method 2, the density of the refuse to be charged into the furnace is calculated in consideration of the distribution and compaction of the refuse (the density of the result of compression of the refuse to be charged later), and the amount of heat generation of the refuse is estimated from the calculated density of the refuse and the conversion formula.

Fig. 6 shows a calculation method considering the distribution and compaction density of the garbage. First, as shown in the left drawing 60, garbage charged at different timings is distributed and accumulated as layers I1 to I5 in the hopper 1 and chute 2 by analysis in advance. The garbage in each layer is garbage which is put into the hopper 1 from the crane 17 at a certain time. I6, I7 show the case of refuse that has been fed into the furnace. By other analysis, the following cases were analyzed from the state of being distributed and accumulated as in layers I1 to I5: when the feeder 10 is operated to supply the refuse into the furnace, first, the refuse stored in the range surrounded by the pattern 1 is supplied into the furnace next, the refuse stored in the range surrounded by the pattern 2 is supplied into the furnace next, the pattern 3 is supplied into the furnace further next, and the refuse in the range of the pattern 4 is supplied into the furnace by the fourth-time feeder control. Patterns 1 to 4 are examples of supply patterns in the case where a certain amount of pushing out of the feeder 10 is assumed. In the case of analysis as described above, the garbage of the layers I3 to I5 is the object of supply in the pattern 1 which is the next supply scheduled range. By other analysis, a load moving average coefficient (garbage input ratio) related to the proportion of garbage in the layers I3 to I5 at the time of supplying garbage in the pattern 1 was calculated in advance (fig. 62). As an example, fig. 62 shows a graph of the load moving average coefficients of the layers I1 to I7 at each time point when the volumes of the garbage of the layers I1 to I7 are the same (the maximum value of the load moving average coefficients is all 0.1). In fig. 62, the vertical axis represents the load moving average coefficient, and the horizontal axis represents time (time for feeding the refuse into the furnace by the feeder 10). In the graph of fig. 62, each peak corresponds to garbage in each layer, and in the example of fig. 62, each peak sequentially corresponds to layers I7 to I1 from the leftmost peak. The height of each peak is positively correlated with the size of the volume of the garbage charged, and when the volume of the garbage charged into the hopper 1 is different for each time, the peak value of the peak is different for each time. The overlapping of the peaks is related to the ratio of the garbage charged into the furnace at that time, and if the charging time of pattern 1 shown in fig. 60 is known based on a certain time, for example, the ratio of the garbage charged into layers I3 to I5 (load moving average coefficient) can be grasped from the value of the vertical axis of the horizontal axis of fig. 62 corresponding to the time. If the load moving average coefficients of I3 to I5 at the time of supplying the garbage in the range surrounded by the pattern 1 are examined based on fig. 62, the values of the first row of the table 61 can be obtained. Similarly, the load moving average coefficients of the layers I1 to I7 in the patterns 2 to 4 are shown in the rows 2 to 4 of the table 61.

Further, the densities g1 to g7 of the garbage, which are compacted in consideration of the layers I1 to I7, are calculated by other analyses. For example, density g1 is the density of the trash taking into account compacted layer 11, density g2 is the density of the trash taking into account compacted layer I2, density g7 is the density of the trash taking into account compacted layer 17. When a distribution pattern of refuse supplied into the furnace (for example, pattern 1) and a load moving average coefficient of each layer in the pattern are given (table 61), the refuse density of the pattern is obtained by dividing the sum of values obtained by multiplying the refuse densities gX (x=1 to 7) of the layers by the load moving average coefficient by the sum of the load moving average coefficients of the pattern. For example, in the case of pattern 1, the garbage density G when garbage in the range of pattern 1 is supplied into the furnace can be calculated by the following formula (1).

G＝(g1×0+g2×0+g3×0.01+g4×0.1+g5×0.04+g6×0+g7×0)÷(0.01+0.1+0.04)···(1)

Next, refer to fig. 7. The left view 70 shows the garbage layers I1 to I5 in the hopper 1 and chute 2. In fig. 71, the vertical axis represents density and the horizontal axis represents time. The broken line graph 71a shows, in order from the left, the density of the layer I5, the density of the layer I4, the density of the layer I3, the density of the layer I2, and the density of the layer I1. These are referred to as densities a. Density a is the density of the uppermost layer of refuse at the time. For example, the density of the uppermost layer of refuse in the following cycle is shown: when the layer I5 is charged at a certain time, the height is lowered at a certain time in accordance with the supply of the refuse into the furnace, and when the height reaches a certain height, the refuse corresponding to the layer I4 is charged into the hopper 1.

The vertical axis of fig. 72 represents residence time, and the horizontal axis represents time. The graph 72a shows the residence time of the refuse at each position (height) in fig. 71 until the refuse is fed into the furnace. The residence time can be calculated by dividing the volume of refuse present from the position (height) of the refuse to the inlet of the furnace in the corresponding time of fig. 71 by the average volume change rate of 1 day.

Next, the density B after the residence time calculated for each position of each layer is calculated. Fig. 73 shows the transition of the density B. The vertical axis of fig. 73 represents density, and the horizontal axis represents time. The density B is the density of the refuse immediately before being fed into the furnace. For example, if the garbage supplied into the furnace is in the range of pattern 1, the density can be calculated by the above formula (1). If the position of "X1" minutes of layer I4 in fig. 72 is included in pattern 1, it can be seen that pattern 1 is charged into the furnace after "X1" minutes. In this way, the density B after "X1" minutes can be calculated by the above formula (1) using the load moving average coefficient of pattern 1 of table 61 illustrated in fig. 6. Similarly, the density B in the other pattern 2 and the like can be calculated. In this way, when garbage is put into a certain layer (in the case of pattern 1, at the time point when garbage is put into the relevant layers I5 to I3), the density B after a certain residence time can be calculated in advance. The supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates a residence time until the supply into the furnace and a density B of the refuse when the refuse is supplied into the furnace, based on a certain time, with respect to the refuse charged into the hopper 1, and obtains a graph 73a of fig. 73. Next, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the amount of heat generation based on the calculated density B and the conversion equation at each time. The calculated heat generation amount is shown in a graph 74a of fig. 74. In this way, according to the estimation method 2, the residence time of the garbage, the density B in which the distribution of the garbage, the compaction, and the amount of heat generation corresponding to the density B are considered can be estimated in advance.

Next, the procedure of the estimation method 2 will be described. The supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the amount of heat generated by the garbage in the following steps. The distributions (I1 to I5) of the refuse in the hopper 1 and chute 2 and the information (patterns 1 to 4) indicating the pattern of the range of the refuse supplied into the furnace illustrated in fig. 60 and the like are analyzed in advance and recorded in the storage unit 27.

(step 1) the refuse height calculating unit 22 detects distances from the sensors 15 at the respective positions on the entire refuse surface in the hopper 1 to the refuse surface by LiDAR at the time to calculate the height of the refuse. The supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the volume and density of the garbage.

(step 2) the supply amount estimation unit 24 divides the total volume of the remaining garbage in the hopper by the average rate of change of the volume (m ³ Per unit time) to calculate an estimated value of the residence time.

(step 3) based on the calculated residence time and fig. 62, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the density of the refuse to be charged into the furnace after the residence time by using the compaction and load moving average density of the refuse in the hopper 1. For example, the supply amount estimating unit 24 selects the supply patterns 1 to 4 of the trash. The retention time corresponding to the selected pattern is applied to the horizontal axis of fig. 62, whereby the load moving average coefficient is determined, and the garbage density corresponding to the pattern is estimated. For example, if pattern 1 is used, the supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the garbage density of pattern 1 by expression (1). The supply amount estimating unit 24 may analyze the relation between the garbage compacting amounts g1 to g7 and the time and the ratio of the garbage to be charged (fig. 62) at each distribution position required for the calculation, or may calculate in step 3 by using the information analyzed separately.

(step 4) the supply amount estimating unit 24 selects a pattern of the refuse to be supplied to the furnace. For example, the supply amount estimating unit 24 selects the pattern 1 as the pattern of the refuse to be supplied to the furnace next. The supply amount estimating unit 24 selects the garbage density of the pattern 1 estimated in step 3.

(step 5) the supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the amount of heat generation from the garbage density and the conversion equation of the selected pattern. The supply amount estimating unit 24 may estimate the flow rate of fuel (refuse) supplied into the furnace, that is, the flow rate of the injected fuel (kJ/h).

In the estimation method 2, the remaining time is calculated by dividing the remaining amount (volume) of the garbage by the average volume change rate of 1 day, but the movement of the garbage may be estimated from the volume change at the time, the garbage at the position of interest (for example, the garbage at the lowermost end of the layer I4) may be detected to be moved to the position immediately before the garbage is put into the container (for example, the position included in the range of the pattern 1), and the amount of heat generation and the amount of supply of the garbage to be put into the container next time may be estimated at the timing when the garbage of interest reaches the position immediately before the garbage is put into the container. In this method, the timing to start the advance control is immediately before the supply to the combustion chamber 6, but the estimation accuracy can be improved.

According to the present embodiment, by using actual data of the volume change of the refuse and the past volume change based on the measured value of the LiDAR, the amount of heat generation of the refuse can be estimated from the density of the supplied refuse (or the water content of the refuse) in the furnace calculated in consideration of the distribution of the refuse and the residence time in the hopper, thereby enabling estimation with higher accuracy.

The computer 900 includes a CPU901, a main storage 902, a secondary storage 903, an input/output interface 904, and a communication interface 905.

The control device 20 is mounted on the computer 900. The functions described above are stored in the auxiliary storage device 903 in the form of a program. The CPU901 reads a program from the auxiliary storage device 903 and expands the program in the main storage device 902, and executes the above-described processing according to the program. The CPU901 secures a storage area in the main storage 902 according to a program. The CPU901 secures a storage area for storing data in processing in the auxiliary storage device 903 according to a program.

The program for realizing all or a part of the functions of the control device 20 may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the processing by each functional unit may be performed by causing a computer system to read and execute the program recorded on the recording medium. The term "computer system" as used herein includes hardware such as an OS and peripheral devices. In the case of using the WWW system, the "computer system" also includes a homepage providing environment (or display environment). The term "computer-readable recording medium" refers to a removable medium such as CD, DVD, USB or a storage device such as a hard disk incorporated in a computer system. In the case where the program is distributed to the computer 900 via a communication line, the computer 900 that has received the distribution may expand the program in the main storage 902 and execute the above-described processing. The program may be a program for realizing a part of the functions described above, or may be a program capable of realizing the functions described above by combining with a program already recorded in a computer system.

As described above, although several embodiments of the present disclosure have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other modes, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are similarly included in the invention described in the claims and their equivalents.

< additionally remembered >

The control device 20 described in each embodiment is grasped as follows, for example.

(1) The control device 20 of the incinerator apparatus (refuse incineration apparatus) according to the first aspect is the control device 20 of the incinerator apparatus 1 having a furnace (combustion chamber 6, grate 3) for transporting an object to be incinerated (refuse) while combusting the object to be incinerated, and a combustion air supply unit for supplying combustion air (damper 8A to 8F, blower 4, damper 14A) to the furnace, wherein the control device 20 of the incinerator apparatus 1 is provided with a combustion air control unit (control unit 26), and the combustion air control unit (control unit 26) performs control of the combustion air before the object to be incinerated is charged into the furnace based on the supply amount or heat generation amount of the object to be incinerated supplied to the furnace.

This makes it possible to set the atmosphere in the furnace (in the combustion chamber 6) to the amount of supplied and the amount of heat generated by the garbage before the garbage is supplied, and to stabilize combustion in the furnace.

(2) The control device 20 of the second aspect further includes, in addition to the control device 20 of (1): a feeder that feeds the burned objects to the furnace; and a feeder control unit (control unit 26) that controls the operation of the feeder based on the supply amount or the heat generation amount.

Thus, the amount of the supplied refuse can be adjusted according to the amount of the supplied refuse and the amount of heat generated when the refuse is supplied, and combustion in the furnace can be stabilized.

(3) The control device 20 according to the third aspect further includes, in addition to the control devices 20 according to (1) to (2): an imaging unit (image sensor 16) that images a state in which the incineration subject is put into the furnace; and an estimating unit (image estimating unit 23) that estimates a supply amount or a heat generation amount of the burned object to be charged into the furnace based on the image information obtained by the imaging means, wherein the combustion air control unit controls the combustion air (primary combustion air, secondary combustion air) based on the supply amount or the heat generation amount of the burned object after charging estimated by the estimating unit.

By controlling the combustion air in accordance with the amount of the refuse actually supplied into the furnace, the combustion in the furnace can be stabilized with high accuracy.

(4) The control device 20 according to the fourth aspect further includes a calculating unit (supply amount estimating unit) for detecting a change in the height of the objects to be incinerated in the hopper (in the hopper 1 and the chute 2) by three-dimensional measurement, and calculating the supply amount or the heat generation amount immediately before the objects to be incinerated are supplied into the furnace based on the compacting (g 1 to g 7) of the objects to be incinerated, the distributions (I1 to I7) of the objects to be incinerated in the hopper, and the ratio (input ratio) of the objects to be incinerated to be supplied into the furnace.

This makes it possible to estimate the amount of supplied garbage and the amount of heat generated before supplying garbage.

(5) In the control device 20 of the fifth aspect, in addition to the control device 20 of (4), the calculating unit detects a distance from the entire surface of the object to be incinerated by LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), calculates a volume of the object to be incinerated to be charged into the hopper based on a change in the distance, calculates a density based on a weight of the object to be incinerated to be charged into the hopper and the volume, compares the heat generation amount estimated based on the density of the object to be incinerated to be supplied to the furnace for a predetermined period of time in the past with a correlation of the heat generation amount actually measured, estimates a retention time from the object to be incinerated to be charged into the hopper until the object to be incinerated is supplied to the furnace, and estimates the heat generation amount after the retention time.

This can estimate the amount of heat generated by the refuse supplied to the furnace after the residence time, and can start the control of the primary combustion air before the refuse is supplied to the furnace.

Industrial applicability

Reference numerals illustrate:

100 … garbage incineration equipment; 1 … hopper; 2 … chute; 3 … grate; drying area; 3B … combustion zone; post combustion zone; 4 … blower; 5A-5 E. bellows; 6 … combustion chamber; 7 … ash outlet; 8A to 8E, 14A. 9 … boiler; 10 … feeder; 11 … vapor flow sensor; 12 … flue; 13. 14 … line; 15 … sensor (LiDAR); 16 … image sensor; 17 … crane; weight; 18 … temperature sensor; 19 … oxygen concentration sensor; 20 … control means; 21 … data acquisition unit; 22 … garbage height calculating section; 23 … image estimating unit; 24 … supply amount estimating unit; 25 … judgment part; 26 … control part; 27 … storage; 900 … computer; 901 … CPU;902 … primary storage; 903 … auxiliary storage device; 904 … input-output interface; 905 … communication interface.

Claims

1. A control device for an incinerator apparatus having a furnace for transporting an object to be incinerated while burning the object to be incinerated, and a combustion air supply unit for supplying combustion air to the furnace,

The control device for the incinerator equipment comprises:

a combustion air control unit that controls the combustion air before the objects to be burned are put into the furnace, based on the amount of heat generated or the amount of supplied objects to be burned supplied to the furnace; and

a calculating unit that detects a change in the height of the objects to be incinerated in a hopper by three-dimensional measurement, calculates the volume of the objects to be incinerated to be introduced into the hopper based on the change in the height of the objects to be incinerated, calculates a density based on the weight of the objects to be incinerated to be introduced into the hopper and the volume, compares the heat generation amount estimated based on the density of the objects to be incinerated to be supplied to the furnace in a predetermined period in the past with the actually calculated correlation of the heat generation amount, estimates a retention time from the objects to be incinerated to be introduced into the hopper until the objects to be incinerated are supplied to the furnace, and calculates a supply amount or a heat generation amount of the objects to be incinerated to be supplied to the furnace after the retention time based on a pressure of the objects to be incinerated, a distribution of the objects to be incinerated in the hopper, and a ratio of objects to be incinerated to be supplied to the furnace,

The combustion air control unit controls the combustion air based on the amount of supplied or generated heat of the object to be burned when a predetermined time elapses from the time when the object to be burned is thrown into the hopper.

2. The control device of an incinerator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein,

the control device of the incinerator equipment further comprises:

a feeder that feeds the burned objects to the furnace; and

a feeder control unit that controls the operation of the feeder based on the supply amount or the heat generation amount,

the feeder control unit controls the feeder based on the amount of the material to be incinerated or the amount of heat generated when a predetermined time elapses from the time when the material to be incinerated is thrown into the hopper.

3. The control device of an incinerator apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,

the control device of the incinerator equipment further comprises:

an imaging unit that images a state in which the incineration subject is put into the furnace; and

an image estimating unit that estimates a supply amount or a heat generation amount of the incineration subject to be charged into the furnace based on the image information obtained by the imaging unit,

The combustion air control unit controls the combustion air based on the supplied amount or the generated heat of the burned object after the input estimated by the image estimating unit.

4. A control device for an incinerator apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, wherein,

the combustion air control unit performs control to reduce the combustion air when the amount of the material to be burned and/or the amount of heat generated to be supplied into the furnace after the residence time increases by a predetermined amount or more,

the combustion air control unit controls the combustion air to be increased when the amount of the material to be burned and/or the amount of heat generated to be supplied into the furnace after the residence time is reduced by a predetermined amount or more.

5. The control device of an incinerator apparatus according to claim 2 or claim 3 when dependent on claim 2, wherein,

the feeder control unit performs control to reduce the pushing amount and/or the moving speed of the feeder when the amount and/or the amount of heat generated by the object to be burned fed into the furnace after the retention time is increased by a predetermined amount or more,

the feeder control unit performs control to increase the pushing amount and/or the moving speed of the feeder when the amount of the material to be incinerated and/or the amount of heat generated to be supplied into the furnace after the retention time is reduced by a predetermined amount or more.

6. The control device of an incinerator apparatus according to claim 2 or claim 3 when dependent on claim 2, wherein,

the feeder control unit performs control to reduce the amount of thrust and/or the movement speed of the feeder after the control of the combustion air and when a predetermined time elapses before the estimated residence time, when the amount of feed and/or the amount of heat generated by the object to be burned fed into the furnace increases by a predetermined amount or more after the residence time,

the feeder control unit performs control to increase the amount of thrust and/or the movement speed of the feeder after the control of the combustion air and when a predetermined time elapses before the estimated residence time, when the amount of feed and/or the amount of heat generated by the objects to be burned to be fed into the furnace after the residence time is reduced by a predetermined amount or more.