TW202311668A - Control device for incinerator equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a control device for stabilizing combustion in incinerator equipment. The control device for incinerator equipment has a furnace body that conveys incinerated materials while burning them, and a combustion air supply unit that supplies air for combustion to said furnace. The control device is comprising: a combustion air control unit configured to control the combustion air based on the amount of incinerated materials or the amount of heat generated.

Description

Control device for incinerator equipment

The present invention relates to a control device for incinerator equipment.

Generally, a hopper is attached to the garbage incineration equipment, and the garbage thrown into the hopper by a crane is supplied to the incinerator in sequence through the feeding device arranged at the lower part of the hopper. Patent Document 1 discloses a control device that calculates the specific gravity of the garbage based on the volume and weight of the garbage put into the hopper of the garbage incinerator, and multiplies the supply volume of the garbage by the specific gravity of the garbage, thereby calculating the amount of garbage supplied to the incinerator. The supply weight and the heat input amount are calculated from the supply weight of the garbage, and the supply of garbage to the incinerator is controlled so that the heat input amount per unit time becomes constant. [Prior Art Literature] [Patent Document]

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent No. 6779779

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

In Patent Document 1, the time range (for example, 1 to 2 hours) required from feeding into the hopper to being supplied to the incinerator is set, and the average value of the specific gravity of the garbage thrown into the hopper in the past within the set time range is multiplied by The supply volume of the upper garbage is used to calculate the supply weight of the garbage in the incinerator. In order to stabilize the combustion state in the furnace, it is preferable to more accurately estimate the supply amount of garbage or a control amount replacing it, and to execute control corresponding to the estimated supply amount and the like in advance.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a control device for incinerator equipment that can solve the above-mentioned problems. [Technical means to solve the problem]

The control device of the present invention is a control device for an incinerator facility, which includes: a furnace for conveying incinerated materials while burning them; a combustion air supply unit for supplying combustion air to the furnace; and a combustion air control unit. and the calculation unit, the combustion air control unit is configured to control the combustion air before the incineration material is put into the furnace according to the supply amount or calorific value of the incineration material supplied to the furnace, and the calculation unit, The height change of the aforementioned incinerated objects in the hopper is detected by three-dimensional measurement, and the volume of the aforementioned incinerated objects put into the aforementioned hopper is calculated according to the height change of the aforementioned incinerated objects, from the weight and The volumetric density is calculated by comparing the correlation between the calorific value estimated from the density of the incinerated material supplied to the furnace in the past and the actual measured calorific value, and it is estimated that the incinerated material is put into the hopper The residence time until it is supplied to the aforementioned furnace is calculated from the compaction of the aforementioned incinerated materials, the distribution of the aforementioned incinerated materials in the aforementioned hopper, and the ratio of the aforementioned incinerated materials supplied to the aforementioned furnace. The amount of supply or calorific value of the incinerated matter in the furnace, the combustion air control unit, before the residence time estimated by the calculation unit after the incinerated matter is put into the hopper by a predetermined time , the combustion air is controlled according to the supply amount or calorific value of the incinerated material. [Effect of Invention]

According to the control device of the above-mentioned incinerator facility, the combustion state in the furnace of the refuse incinerator facility can be stabilized.

Hereinafter, a waste incineration facility according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same symbols are assigned to components having the same or similar functions. In addition, overlapping descriptions of such configurations may be omitted. "XX or YY" is not limited to any one of XX and YY, but also includes both XX and YY. Regarding this point, the same applies to the case where there are three or more optional elements. "XX" and "YY" are arbitrary elements (for example, arbitrary information).

(System Components) FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a waste incineration facility in each embodiment. The garbage incineration equipment 100 is equipped with: a hopper 1 for feeding garbage, a chute 2 for guiding the garbage thrown into the hopper 1 to the lower part, a feeder 10 for supplying the garbage supplied through the chute 2 into the combustion chamber 6, and a receiving device The grate 3 that dries and burns the garbage supplied by the feeder 10 while transferring the garbage, the combustion chamber 6 that burns the garbage, the ash outlet 7 that discharges the ash, the air blower 4 that supplies air, and the air that will be supplied by the air blower 4 A plurality of air boxes 5A~5E for guiding air to each part of the grate 3, a pipeline 14 for directly supplying air supplied by the blower 4 to the combustion chamber 6 (secondary combustion chamber 6B), a boiler 9, and a crane for transporting garbage 17. A sensor 15 for detecting the surface of the garbage from above the hopper 1, and an image sensor 16 for photographing the state of the combustion chamber 6.

The crane 17 grabs and transports garbage from a garbage pit (not shown) and throws it into the hopper 1 . A weight scale 17a is installed on the crane 17 . The weight gauge 17a measures the weight of the garbage carried by the crane 17 . The weight scale 17 a is connected to the control device 20 , and the weight measured by the weight scale 17 a , that is, the weight of the garbage thrown into the hopper 1 is sent to the control device 20 . Above the hopper 1, a sensor 15 is installed so as to be able to detect the entire surface of the garbage thrown into the hopper 1 and accumulated therein. The sensor 15 is provided for detecting the volume of the garbage thrown into the hopper 1 and the height of the garbage accumulated in the hopper 1 and the chute 2 . The sensor 15 is, for example, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) device. LiDAR technology is to scan and irradiate the object with laser light, etc., and measure the distance and direction from the object according to the brightness of the reflected light. By using LiDAR, laser light is irradiated while scanning the entire surface of the accumulated garbage, thereby measuring the distance from the sensor 15 on the entire surface of the garbage. Thereby, the height of the garbage accumulated in the hopper 1 and the chute 2 can be detected. According to the height difference of the garbage before and after the garbage is dropped into the hopper 1 from the crane 17, the volume of the garbage dropped into the hopper 1 can be calculated. The sensor 15 is connected to the control device 20 , and the measured value measured by the sensor 15 is sent to the control device 20 .

The feeder 10 is a feeding device that pushes out the rubbish supplied by the chute 2, thereby supplying the rubbish to the fire grate 3. The feeder 10 performs repeatedly: the action of pushing out the rubbish toward the combustion chamber 6 side, and the action of returning to the original position. The control device 20 adjusts the amount of garbage supplied to the combustion chamber 6 by controlling the push-out action and the return action of the feeder 10 . Fire grate 3 is arranged on the bottom of chute 2 and combustion chamber 6 and is used for carrying rubbish. The grate 3 is equipped with: a drying zone 3A that evaporates and dries the moisture of the garbage supplied by the feeder 10; a combustion zone 3B that is located downstream of the drying zone 3A and burns the dried garbage; and is located downstream of the combustion zone 3B and Combustion zone 3C after burning unburned components such as fixed carbon components passing through without being burned until turning into ashes. The motion speed of the fire grate 3 is controlled by the control of the control device 20 .

The air blower 4 is installed under the grate 3, and supplies air to each part of the grate 3 through the bellows 5A to 5E. On the pipeline 8 that guides the air sent by the blower 4 to the bellows 5A~5E, branch pipes for connecting the pipeline 8 and the bellows 5A~5E are connected, and baffles 8A~5E are respectively arranged on the branch pipes. 8E, by adjusting the opening of the baffles 8A~8E, the flow rate of the combustion air supplied to the bellows 5A~5E can be adjusted. The control device 20 controls the air blowing volume (rotational speed) of the blower 4 and the opening degrees of the baffles 8A to 8E. The baffles 8A to 8E may be collectively referred to as primary combustion air baffles.

The combustion chamber 6 is above the fire grate 3 and is composed of a primary combustion chamber 6A and a secondary combustion chamber 6B. Boiler 9 is arranged downstream of combustion chamber 6 . The primary combustion chamber 6A is provided above the grate 3, and the secondary combustion chamber 6B is provided above the primary combustion chamber 6A. In the primary combustion chamber 6A, the garbage is burned, and the pyrolysis gas generated in the primary combustion chamber 6A is mixed with the secondary combustion air and sent to the secondary combustion chamber 6B, where the unburned components in the pyrolysis gas are released. combustion. The secondary combustion chamber 6B of the combustion chamber 6 is connected with the pipeline 14 used to connect the air blower 4 and the secondary combustion chamber 6B. supply air. The control device 20 controls the opening degree of the shutter 14A. The baffle 14A may be described as an air baffle for secondary combustion. In addition, an image sensor 16 is provided at a position where the garbage supplied to the combustion chamber 6 can be photographed. The image sensor 16 is connected to the control device 20 , and the images captured by the image sensor 16 are sent to the control device 20 . The image sensor 16 is, for example, an infrared camera. In the example of FIG. 1 , the image sensor 16 is installed at a position where the garbage is supplied from the front in the horizontal direction, but it may be installed at a position where the garbage is supplied to the combustion chamber 6 from above, for example. Also, a temperature sensor 18 for measuring the temperature in the combustion chamber 6 is provided in the combustion chamber 6 . The temperature sensor 18 is connected to the control device 20 , and the temperature in the furnace measured by the temperature sensor 18 is sent to the control device 20 . Furthermore, an oxygen concentration sensor 19 for measuring the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber 6 is provided in the combustion chamber 6 . The oxygen concentration sensor 19 is connected to the control device 20 , and the oxygen concentration in the furnace measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 19 is sent to the control device 20 .

The boiler 9 generates steam by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas sent from the combustion chamber 6 and the water circulating in the boiler 9 . The steam is supplied to an unillustrated turbine for power generation through a line 13 . A steam flow sensor 11 for detecting the flow of steam is provided in the pipeline 13 . The steam flow sensor 11 is connected to the control device 20 , and the main steam flow measured by the steam flow sensor 11 is sent to the control device 20 . The control device 20 controls, for example, the operation of the feeder 10, the opening of the primary combustion air damper and the secondary combustion air damper so that the main steam flow measured by the steam flow sensor 11 becomes a predetermined target value. . The exhaust gas outlet of the boiler 9 is connected to the flue 12, and the exhaust gas recovered by the boiler 9 passes through the flue 12, passes through the exhaust gas treatment equipment not shown, and is discharged toward the outside.

The control device 20 includes a data acquisition unit 21 , a garbage height calculation unit 22 , an image estimation unit 23 , a supply amount estimation unit 24 , a determination unit 25 , a control unit 26 , and a memory unit 27 . The data acquisition unit 21 acquires various data such as measurement values measured by the sensors 11 , 14 a , 15 , 16 , 17 a , 18 , and 19 and user instruction values. For example, the data obtaining unit 21 obtains the measured value of the main steam flow measured by the steam flow sensor 11 .

The garbage height calculation unit 22 calculates the height of the garbage at each position on the surface of the garbage accumulated in the hopper 1 and the chute 2 according to the distance from the surface of the garbage detected by the sensor 15 . The height of the rubbish is the height when taking the predetermined position of the chute 2 as a benchmark.

The image estimation unit 23 analyzes the image captured by the image sensor 16 to estimate the supply amount (volume, weight) and calorific value (LHV: Lower Heating Value) of the garbage supplied from the feeder 10 to the furnace. For example, the image estimation unit 23 compares the images taken before and after the action of pushing out the garbage by the feeder 10, captures the image area where the pushed out garbage is captured, and based on the captured image area The shape, area, and push-out amount of the feeder 10 are used to estimate the volume of the garbage supplied to the furnace. Alternatively, the image estimation unit 23 estimates the volume of the garbage according to the estimation model and the captured image area. This estimation model is constructed by learning the relationship between the area of the image where the ejected garbage is captured and the amount of garbage supplied. The image estimation unit 23 multiplies the estimated volume by the density calculated by the calculation method described later, thereby calculating the weight of the garbage supplied to the furnace. In addition, the image estimation part 23 estimates calorific value (LHV) from the weight of the refuse supplied to a furnace based on a predetermined conversion formula. Usually, in a garbage incineration facility, the density and calorific value of the garbage are sampled, and the relationship between the two is analyzed to derive a conversion formula based on the type of garbage processed in the incineration facility. Density calculates calorific value. The image estimation part 23 estimates the calorific value from the weight of the garbage obtained by image analysis using this conversion formula. The control using the image estimation unit 23 will be described in the third embodiment.

The supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the volume change of the garbage in the hopper 1 based on the change in the height of the garbage calculated by the garbage height calculating unit 22 . Supply amount estimation unit 24 . The amount of garbage supplied in the furnace per unit time is estimated from the volume change of the garbage in the hopper 1 . Furthermore, the supply quantity estimation unit 24 estimates the density and moisture content of the garbage supplied to the furnace according to the distribution of the garbage in the hopper 1 and the chute 2, and the residence time ΔT of the garbage in the hopper 1, for example, it is estimated that the garbage is supplied to the furnace after The future of the residence time is the calorific value supplied to the garbage in the furnace. The supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the supply amount and/or calorific value of the garbage supplied when the hopper 10 is operated this time or next time before actually supplying the garbage into the furnace. Thereby, before the waste is supplied to the combustion chamber 6, control of the primary combustion air supplied to the combustion chamber 6, etc. can be performed ahead of time. The details of the estimation process of the supply amount and calorific value of garbage by the supply amount estimating unit 24 will be described in the fourth embodiment.

The judging unit 25 judges whether or not to perform advance control for stabilizing the combustion state in the furnace based on the supply amount and/or calorific value of the garbage estimated by the supply amount estimating unit 24 . Furthermore, the judging unit 25 judges whether or not the combustion state in the furnace has become a stable state as a result of the advance control.

The control unit 26 controls the operation of the feeder 10 , the opening degrees of the primary combustion air dampers (dampers 8A to 8E ) and the secondary combustion air dampers (damper 14A), and the like. The control unit 26 performs advance control of the primary combustion air damper and the feeder 10 based on the determination of the determination unit 25 . In the advance control, especially the air for primary combustion, it is desirable to control the supply amount in advance to an appropriate amount without excessive advance, so that the combustion can be stabilized.

The memory unit 27 stores: the measured values obtained by the data acquisition unit 21, information required for control, such as a conversion formula for calculating calorific value from the density of garbage, and the like.

＜First Embodiment＞ Referring to FIG. 2 , the processing (control of the supply of primary combustion air) in the first embodiment will be described. (action) Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing an example of the operation of the control device of the first embodiment. The control device 20 executes the following processing (advance control) at predetermined time intervals.

The data acquisition unit 21 acquires the measurement value of the sensor 15 and outputs it to the garbage height calculation unit 22 . The garbage height calculation unit 22 calculates the height of the garbage stored in the hopper 1 at that point in time based on the measurement value of the sensor 15 , that is, information on the distance from the sensor 15 to the surface of the garbage in the hopper 1 . The garbage height calculation unit 22 outputs the garbage height at predetermined time intervals to the supply amount estimation unit 24 . The supply amount estimating part 24 estimates the supply amount and/or calorific value of garbage (step S1). For example, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the supply amount of the garbage supplied to the combustion chamber 6 per unit time from the change in the height of the garbage per unit time (decrease in height). Furthermore, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the density of the garbage from the volume and weight of the garbage measured when putting the garbage into the hopper 1, and calculates the heat generated when the garbage is supplied after the retention time ΔT calculated by a predetermined method. quantity. At this time, the supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the density of the garbage supplied after the residence time ΔT, that is, considering the distribution of the garbage thrown into the hopper 1 at different time points in the hopper 1 and the chute 2, and the garbage thrown into the hopper 1 at different time points at the same time. The density of the garbage supplied to the furnace is estimated by the ratio when it is supplied to the furnace, the garbage thrown into the lower part of the chute 2 at a certain point of time is compressed (compacted) by the weight of the garbage thrown in later (details in Four implementation forms are described). The supply amount estimation unit 24 outputs the estimated supply amount and calorific value of the garbage to the determination unit 25 .

Next, the judging unit 25 judges whether the amount of garbage supplied per unit time and/or the calorific value of garbage supplied after the residence time ΔT has increased by a certain amount or more (step S2). For example, the determination unit 25 compares the supply amount estimated last time with the supply amount estimated this time. To determine whether the supply has increased by more than a certain amount, and compare the estimated calorific value last time with the estimated calorific value this time to determine whether the calorific value has increased by more than a certain amount. For example, when the supply amount and the calorific value of garbage have increased by a certain amount or more, or at least one of the supply amount and the calorific value has increased by a certain amount or more (step S2; Yes), it is judged that if the current control is continued, If it becomes an excessive combustion state, the controller 26 is instructed to execute advance control for suppressing the combustion state. The control unit 26 performs control to reduce the supply amount of the primary combustion air in advance (step S3). For example, the control unit 26 reduces the opening degrees of the baffles 8A to 8E to reduce the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 6 . At this time, the control unit 26 may only lower the opening of the damper 8A in order to reduce the amount of air supplied to the drying area 3A, or may lower the opening of the damper 8A in order to reduce the amount of air supplied to the drying area 3A and the combustion area 3B. The opening degrees of the plates 8A to 8C are lowered. Furthermore, the controller 26 may also decrease the rotational speed of the air blower 4 in addition to decreasing the opening of the damper 8A or the like (or instead of decreasing the opening of the damper 8A or the like).

The amount of reduction of the openings of the baffles 8A~8E and the reduction of the rotational speed of the blower 4 can be determined, for example, according to the function of the relationship between the control amount, the supply amount, and/or the calorific value for specifying them, etc., as determined in step S1. It is determined by the supply amount and calorific value of the estimated garbage. Also, the control unit 26 can control the opening of the baffle 8A and the rotation speed of the air blower 4 to be reduced only for a predetermined period of time, or can continue to control the baffle 8A until the amount of garbage supplied per unit time and /or until the calorific value becomes constant.

Also about the time point when the opening of the baffle plate 8A etc. is reduced and the rotating speed of the air blower 4 is reduced, (1) For example, when step S1 is calculated according to the change in the height of the garbage measured by LiDAR at every moment In the case of estimating the supply (volume, weight) of garbage by changing the volume, the advance control can be started immediately after the judgment of step S2 (the latest volume reduction can be regarded as the supply just put into the furnace, and the advance control can be started at this point, just The control is started immediately according to the supply amount of the garbage actually put into the furnace. Compared with the conventional feedback control, it becomes the advance control). (2) When the calorific value is estimated in step S1, as described in the fourth embodiment later, it can be estimated that the supply of garbage supplied to the furnace after the residence time ΔT has elapsed since the garbage is put into the hopper 1 The corresponding calorific value. In other words, the timing at which the garbage is supplied into the furnace (after the residence time ΔT) can be known from the timing at which the garbage is thrown into the hopper 1 . In this way, the calorific value of the garbage supplied to the furnace in the near future can be known at the point before the garbage will be supplied to the furnace. The advance control is started according to the determination result. The garbage that will be supplied to the furnace in the near future is the garbage that exists in pattern (pattern) 1 of FIGS. 6 and 7 described later. As long as the advance control in step S3 is started by a predetermined time earlier than the supply timing, the advance control is started before the waste is actually thrown into the furnace. Or carry out the judgment in step S2 in conjunction with the timing of the supply of garbage estimated from the residence time ΔT (for example, at the same time as the supply~immediately after the supply), and then start the advance control immediately. In this case, similar to the case of the supply amount of garbage described in (1), the advance control is started immediately before the garbage is put into the furnace~immediately after it is put into the furnace. (Also regarding the supply of garbage, it is not limited to the embodiment in which the determination of step S2 is performed based on the actual value of the supply of garbage based on the change in the height of the garbage as described in (1), it can be performed based on the estimated value in advance The judgment of step S2 starts to control in advance then.That is, the same as the situation of calorific value, it can be estimated that when the feeder 10 is pushed out next time, the volume, weight (that is , the amount of garbage supplied to the furnace in the near future), and advance control is started before the garbage is actually supplied to the furnace. For example, it is estimated that the garbage put into the hopper 1 will reach Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 after the residence time ΔT The position of the pattern 1 shown in the illustration. Furthermore, calculate the volume and weight of the garbage occupied by the pattern 1, and presume that the calculated amount of garbage will be supplied to the furnace in the near future shortly before the garbage is supplied to the furnace. In this case, the judgment in step S2 is performed before the supply time point by a predetermined time.) Furthermore, as long as it can be estimated that the waste will be thrown into the furnace after the residence time ΔT has elapsed since the waste is put into the hopper 1, it is not necessary to wait until the waste is about to be thrown into the furnace. The advance control was carried out before, and the advance control can be started earlier. The timing at which advance control is started can be adjusted arbitrarily according to the type of equipment, garbage, and the like. Generally speaking, for example, the supply amount of primary combustion air is often feedback-controlled so that the main steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11 becomes constant. Compared with such conventional control, it can be controlled earlier than the conventional control. The primary combustion air corresponding to the amount of garbage supplied and the calorific value can adjust the state (atmosphere) of the air in the combustion chamber 6 in advance to match the amount of garbage supplied and the calorific value, and as a result, the combustion state can be stabilized. Regarding this point, the same applies to step S7 (when increasing the supply amount of primary combustion air) to be described later.

Furthermore, the control part 26 controls the feeder 10, and supplies waste into a furnace (step S4). For example, the control unit 26 calculates the push-out amount of the feeder 10 so that the main steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11 becomes a predetermined target value, and moves the feeder 10 by the calculated push-out amount, whereby the waste is supplied. to the furnace. The order of steps S3 and S4 shown in FIG. 2 is for convenience, and the control unit 26 performs the control of reducing the supply amount of primary combustion air and the control of supplying garbage into the furnace in parallel. Next, the determination unit 25 acquires the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 through the data acquisition unit 21 . The judging part 25 judges whether or not the temperature of the gas in the furnace remains within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S5). When the gas temperature in the furnace falls within the predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S5; YES), the control unit 26 terminates the advance control (advance supply of primary combustion air) of the first embodiment. When the temperature of the gas in the furnace cannot remain within the predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S5; NO), the control unit 26 repeats the processing from step S3.

Also in the judgment of step S2, when the supply amount of garbage per unit time does not increase by a certain amount or more (step S2; No), the judging part 25 judges the supply amount of garbage per unit time and/or within the residence time ΔT Whether or not the calorific value of the garbage supplied later has decreased by a certain amount or more (step S6). The control unit 26, when the supply amount and the calorific value of the garbage have decreased by a certain amount or more, or one of the supply amount and the calorific value has decreased by a certain amount or more (step S6; Yes), judges that if the current control is to be maintained , the combustion state deteriorates, and instructs the control unit 26 to execute advance control for promoting combustion in the furnace. The control unit 26 performs control to increase the supply amount of primary combustion air (step S7). For example, the control unit 26 increases the opening degrees of the baffles 8A to 8E to increase the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 6 . At this time, the control unit 26 may increase only the opening of the damper 8A in order to increase the amount of air supplied to the drying area 3A, or may increase the amount of air supplied to the drying area 3A and the combustion area 3B. The opening degrees of the baffles 8A to 8C increase. Furthermore, the control unit 26 may increase the rotational speed of the blower 4 in addition to increasing the opening of the damper 8A and the like (or instead of increasing the opening of the damper 8A and the like).

The amount of increase in the opening of the damper 8A, etc., and the increase in the rotational speed of the blower 4 can be estimated in step S1 based on the function of the relationship between the control amount and the supply amount and/or heat generation for specifying them. It is determined by the amount of garbage supplied and the calorific value. Also, the control unit 26 can control the opening of the baffle 8A and the speed of the air blower 4 only for a predetermined period of time, or it can continue to control the baffle 8A until the amount of garbage supplied per unit time and /or until the calorific value becomes constant. The increase of the opening of the baffle plate 8A, etc., and the increase of the rotation speed of the blower 4, as described in step S3, start before the actual garbage supply, or immediately before the garbage supply~just after the garbage supply. Moreover, the control part 26 controls the feeder 10, and supplies waste into a furnace (step S8). For example, the control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 according to the main steam flow measured by the steam flow sensor 11 . The sequence of steps S7 and S8 shown in FIG. 2 is for convenience, and the control unit 26 performs the control of increasing the supply of primary combustion air and the control of supplying the refuse into the furnace in parallel. Next, the judging part 25 obtains the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 through the data obtaining part 21 . The judging part 25 judges whether or not the gas temperature in the furnace has been within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S9). When the gas temperature in the furnace falls within the predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S9; YES), the control unit 26 terminates the advance control (advance supply of primary combustion air) of the first embodiment. When the gas temperature in the furnace cannot be within the predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S9; NO), the control unit 26 repeats the processing from step S7.

Also in step S6, when the amount of garbage supplied per unit time and/or the calorific value of garbage supplied after the residence time ΔT does not decrease by a certain amount (step S6; No), that is, the amount of garbage per unit time In the case where the change of the supply amount etc. is within a certain range, return to step S1. If the determination in step S6 is negative, the control unit 26 controls the opening of the damper 8A and the like, and the feeder 10 such that the main steam flow measured by the steam flow sensor 11 becomes a target value. The control of the feeder 10 is the same as the control of steps S4 and S8.

In the flow chart of Fig. 2, in steps S2 and S6, the supply amount of primary combustion air is controlled only when the supply amount of garbage and the calorific value are above a certain amount or below a certain amount. The relationship between the supply amount and/or calorific value and the primary combustion air supply amount is expressed by a predetermined function, and the damper 8A etc. and the air blower 4 are always controlled based on the function and the supply amount and/or calorific value estimated in step S1.

According to the first embodiment, before the waste is supplied to the combustion chamber 6, the supply amount of primary combustion air is adjusted according to the supply amount and calorific value of the waste estimated in advance. This creates an atmosphere that stabilizes the combustion state of the combustion chamber 6 and suppresses the generation of CO and NOx.

<Second Embodiment> Next, the processing (control of primary combustion air and refuse supply amount) of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 3 . In the second embodiment, in addition to the air for primary combustion, the amount of garbage supplied to the combustion chamber 6 is controlled in advance based on the estimated value of the amount of garbage supplied and the calorific value. (action) Fig. 3 is a first flowchart showing an example of the operation of the control device of the second embodiment. About the same process as that of 1st Embodiment, it attaches|subjects the same code|symbol and demonstrates briefly. The control device 20 executes the following processing (advance control) at predetermined time intervals.

First, the supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the supply amount and/or the calorific value of the garbage based on the height of the garbage measured by LiDAR and/or the calorific value (step S1). The supply amount estimation unit 24 outputs the estimated supply amount and calorific value of the garbage to the determination unit 25 .

Next, the judging unit 25 judges whether the amount of garbage supplied per unit time and/or the calorific value of the garbage supplied after the residence time ΔT has increased by a certain amount or more (step S2). When the amount of garbage supplied and/or the calorific value has increased by a certain amount or more (step S2; YES), the control unit 26 performs control to reduce the amount of primary combustion air supplied in advance (step S3). The control unit 26 reduces the opening degrees of the baffles 8A to 8E, or reduces the rotation speed of the air blower 4, thereby reducing the supply amount of primary combustion air.

In parallel with this, the control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 to supply garbage into the furnace, and reduces the amount of garbage supplied to the furnace in order to suppress excessive combustion (step S41). For example, the control part 26 reduces the push-out amount (stroke) of the feeder 10, and reduces the amount of refuse supplied to the combustion chamber 6. Alternatively, the control unit 26 reduces the moving speed of the feeder 10 to reduce the amount of garbage supplied to the combustion chamber 6, or reduces both the pushing amount and the moving speed to reduce the amount of garbage supplied. Furthermore, the control unit 26 may reduce (temporarily stop) the refuse supply amount by stopping the hopper 10 . For example, the control unit 26 may push out the hopper 10 only half of the usual amount, supply about half the amount of garbage, and stop the hopper 10 at this position for a predetermined time. For example, the control unit 26 may be based on a function for specifying the relationship between the push-out amount of the feeder 10, the moving speed, and the supply amount and/or heat value of the waste, and the supply amount and heat value of the waste estimated in step S1, To control the feeder 10.

In addition, the control part 26 can implement the reduction of the stroke of the feeder 10, the reduction of the moving speed, etc. only for a certain period of time, and can also continue to implement the control of the feeder 10 until the supply amount and/or heat generation per unit time become constant. .

Also, the timing for reducing the amount of garbage supplied is closer to the timing of the supply of the targeted garbage (garbage determined to be Yes in step S2) than the timing of the start of the control in step S3, or when the garbage is supplied (detention period). after time ΔT) is executed. For example, in step S1, the supply amount (volume, weight) of garbage is estimated according to the volume change calculated from the height change of garbage measured by LiDAR at each moment, when it is considered that the estimated value is to be supplied to the furnace this time In the case of the amount of garbage supplied, advance control can be started immediately after the determination in step S2.

When the calorific value is estimated in step S1, as described in the fourth embodiment, it is possible to estimate the calorific value corresponding to the amount of garbage supplied to the furnace after the residence time ΔT has elapsed since the garbage was put into the hopper 1. , shortly before the garbage will be supplied to the furnace, the calorific value of the garbage supplied to the furnace in the near future can be known. Therefore, the judgment of step S2 is carried out in advance according to the calorific value of the garbage supplied to the furnace in the near future, and the advance control of step S3 is carried out according to the judgment result. The timing of the supply of garbage starts before a predetermined time (or at the same time as the timing of the supply), and the control of reducing the amount of garbage supplied begins. In general, the feedback control of the supply of primary combustion air and the supply of garbage is often performed so that the main steam flow measured by the steam flow sensor 11 becomes constant. Compared with such control, it can be controlled earlier. The supply of primary combustion air and garbage can stabilize the combustion state in the combustion chamber 6 . In this regard, the same applies to steps S7 and S81 described later.

Next, the judging part 25 obtains the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 through the data obtaining part 21 . The judging part 25 judges whether or not the temperature of the gas in the furnace remains within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S5). When the gas temperature in the furnace falls within the predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S5; YES), the control unit 26 terminates the advance control of the primary combustion air and refuse supply amounts in the second embodiment. When the gas temperature in the furnace cannot be within the predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S5; NO), the control unit 26 repeats the processing from step S3.

In addition, the judging unit 25 determines the amount of garbage supplied per unit time and/or the heat generated by the garbage supplied after the residence time ΔT when the amount of garbage supplied per unit time has not increased by a certain amount (step S2; No). Whether the amount has decreased by a certain amount or more (step S6). When the supply amount and/or the calorific value of the garbage has decreased by a certain amount or more (step S6; YES), the control unit 26 advances the control to increase the supply amount of primary combustion air (step S7). The control unit 26 increases the opening degrees of the baffles 8A to 8E or increases the rotation speed of the air blower 4 to increase the supply amount of primary combustion air.

In parallel with step S7, the control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 to supply garbage into the furnace, and increases the amount of garbage supplied to the furnace in order to promote combustion (step S81). For example, the control unit 26 increases the pushing amount (stroke) of the hopper 10 , increases the moving speed of the hopper 10 , or increases both the pushing amount and the moving speed to increase the garbage supply amount. For example, the control unit 26 may be based on a function for specifying the relationship between the push-out amount of the feeder 10, the moving speed, and the supply amount and/or calorific value of the refuse, and the supply amount and calorific value of the refuse estimated in step S1, To control the feeder 10. In addition, the control unit 26 may execute the above-mentioned control of the feeder 10 only for a predetermined fixed time, or may execute the above-mentioned control of the feeder 10 until the supply amount and/or heat generation per unit time become constant.

As for the timing to increase the supply of garbage, as described in step S41, the control of steps S7 and S81 can be started in advance.

Next, the judging part 25 obtains the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 through the data obtaining part 21 . The judging part 25 judges whether or not the gas temperature in the furnace remains within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or more (step S9). When the gas temperature in the furnace falls within the predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S9; YES), the control unit 26 ends the advance control (advance supply of primary combustion air) of the second embodiment. When the gas temperature in the furnace cannot be within the predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S9; NO), the control unit 26 repeats the processing from step S7.

Also in step S6, when the supply of garbage per unit time and/or the calorific value of the garbage supplied after the residence time ΔT does not decrease by a certain amount (step S6; No), that is, when the garbage per unit time In the case that the change of the supply amount etc. is within a certain range, return to step S1. And when step S6 judges No, the control unit 26 controls the opening of the damper 8A and the like and the feeder 10 according to the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11 .

In the flow chart of Fig. 2, in steps S2 and S6, the supply of primary combustion air is controlled only when the supply of garbage and the calorific value are above a certain amount or below a certain amount, but such determination may not be performed, However, the relationship between the supply amount and/or calorific value of garbage and the supply amount of primary combustion air is expressed by a predetermined function, and the damper 8A etc. are always controlled according to the function and the supply amount and/or calorific value estimated in step S1, Blower 4. Similarly, the relationship between the supply amount and/or calorific value of the garbage and the stroke and moving speed of the feeder 10 can be expressed by a predetermined function, and the feeder is controlled according to the function and the estimated supply amount and/or calorific value in step S1 10 moves.

According to the second embodiment, immediately after estimating the supply amount of garbage, or delaying for a certain period of time from estimating the calorific value to actually supplying the rubbish, the rubbish is separated according to the estimated supply amount, the calorific value and the primary combustion air. By adjusting the supply amount in advance, it is possible to create an atmosphere in which the combustion state of the combustion chamber 6 is stabilized, thereby suppressing the generation of CO and NOx.

<Third Embodiment> Next, the processing of the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 4 . In the third embodiment, it is an advance control that adjusts primary combustion air and the like in accordance with the amount of garbage actually supplied to the furnace. The third embodiment can be combined with any one of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and Fig. 4 shows an example of operation when it is combined with the first embodiment.

(action) Fig. 4 is a flow chart showing an example of the operation of the control device of the third embodiment. About the same process as that of 1st Embodiment, it attaches|subjects the same code|symbol and demonstrates briefly. The control device 20 executes the following processing (advance control) at predetermined time intervals.

First, the supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the supply amount and/or the calorific value of the garbage based on the height of the garbage measured by LiDAR and/or the calorific value (step S1). The supply amount estimation unit 24 outputs the estimated supply amount and calorific value of the garbage to the determination unit 25 .

Next, the judging unit 25 judges whether the amount of garbage supplied per unit time and/or the calorific value of the garbage supplied after the residence time ΔT has increased by a certain amount or more (step S2). When the amount of garbage supplied and/or the calorific value has increased by a certain amount or more (step S2; YES), the control unit 26 performs control to reduce the amount of primary combustion air supplied in advance (step S3). The control part 26 reduces the opening degree of the baffles 8A-8E, or reduces the rotation speed of the air blower 4, thereby reducing the supply amount of primary combustion air.

In parallel with this, the control part 26 controls the feeder 10, and supplies waste into a furnace (step S4). Next, the image estimation unit 23 analyzes the image captured by the image sensor 16, thereby estimating the amount of garbage supplied to the combustion chamber 6 (step S42). The image estimation unit 23 outputs the estimated value of the supply amount of garbage to the control unit 26 . The control unit 26 adjusts the supply amount of primary combustion air and/or secondary combustion air based on the estimated value of the supply amount of garbage (step S43). For example, when the estimated value of the garbage supply amount is larger than the supply amount estimated in step S1, the opening degree of the damper 8A etc. is lowered to further reduce the supply amount of primary combustion air, or the air blower 4 The speed is reduced. Furthermore, the control unit 26 lowers the opening degree of the damper 14A to reduce the supply amount of the air for the secondary combustion in addition to the air for the primary combustion, thereby performing control to decrease the oxygen concentration in the secondary combustion chamber 6B. Conversely, when the estimated value of the garbage supply amount is smaller than the supply amount estimated in step S1, it can be adjusted so that the degree of decrease in the opening of the damper 8A and the like and the rotation speed of the blower 4 is moderate. Next, the judging part 25 judges whether the gas temperature and/or the oxygen concentration in the furnace remain within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S51). The judging part 25 obtains the temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 and the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 19 through the data obtaining part 21, and determines the temperature in the combustion chamber 6. Whether the gas temperature and/or the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber 6 are within a predetermined range. When the gas temperature and/or oxygen concentration in the furnace fall within the predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S51; YES), the control unit 26 terminates the advance control of the primary combustion air in the third embodiment. When the gas temperature and/or oxygen concentration in the furnace cannot remain within the predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S51; NO), the control unit 26 repeats the processing from step S3.

The judging unit 25 determines the amount of garbage supplied per unit time and/or the heat generated by the garbage supplied after the residence time ΔT when the amount of garbage supplied per unit time has not increased by a certain amount or more (step S2; No). Whether the amount has decreased by a certain amount or more (step S6). When the supply amount and/or the calorific value of the garbage has decreased by a certain amount or more (step S6; YES), the control unit 26 advances the control to increase the supply amount of primary combustion air (step S7). The control unit 26 increases the opening degrees of the baffles 8A to 8E, or increases the rotation speed of the air blower 4, thereby increasing the supply amount of primary combustion air.

In parallel with this, the control part 26 controls the feeder 10, and supplies waste into a furnace (step S8). Next, the image estimation unit 23 analyzes the image captured by the image sensor 16, thereby estimating the amount of garbage supplied to the combustion chamber 6 (step S82). The image estimation unit 23 outputs the estimated value of the supply amount of garbage to the control unit 26 . The control unit 26 adjusts the supply amount of primary combustion air and/or secondary combustion air based on the estimated value of the supply amount of garbage (step S83). For example, when the estimated value of the garbage supply is lower than the supply estimated in step S1, the opening of the damper 8A etc. is increased to further increase the supply of primary combustion air, or the air blower 4 The speed rises. Furthermore, the control unit 26 controls to increase the oxygen concentration in the secondary combustion chamber 6B by increasing the opening of the damper 14A to increase the supply amount of the secondary combustion air in addition to the primary combustion air. For example, the control unit 26 controls the opening of the shutter 14A corresponding to the supply of garbage estimated from the image based on a function for defining the relationship between the estimated value of the garbage supply and the opening of the shutter 14A. On the contrary, when the estimated value of the garbage supply amount is larger than the estimated supply amount in step S1, the degree of opening of the damper 8A and the like and the degree of increase in the rotational speed of the blower 4 can be adjusted to be moderate. Next, the judging part 25 judges whether the gas temperature and/or the oxygen concentration in the furnace remain within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S91). The judging part 25 obtains the temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 and the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 19 through the data obtaining part 21, and determines the temperature in the combustion chamber 6. Whether or not the gas temperature and/or the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber 6 are within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer. When the furnace gas temperature and/or oxygen concentration are within the predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S91; YES), the control unit 26 terminates the advanced control of the primary combustion air in the third embodiment. When the gas temperature and/or oxygen concentration in the furnace cannot remain within the predetermined range for a certain period of time or longer (step S91; NO), the control unit 26 repeats the processing from step S7.

According to the third embodiment, it is possible to further stabilize combustion by estimating the amount of garbage supplied and the calorific value based on the image information after the garbage is put into the furnace, and controlling the secondary air. The estimation of the supply amount and calorific value of the garbage in step S1 is estimated based on the measured value of the distance from the surface of the garbage in the hopper 1, but may deviate from the actual supply amount and calorific value of the garbage supplied to the furnace. In contrast, according to the processing of steps S42, 43, 82, and 83 of this embodiment, the supply of primary combustion air and secondary combustion air is controlled according to the image of the actually supplied garbage, thereby compensating for the The deviation of the estimated value in step S1.

According to this embodiment, it is different from the method of detecting the volume change according to the height of the garbage surface of the hopper 1, and also different from the method of detecting the supply of garbage to the furnace according to the action of the feeder 10, because it is based on the figure By estimating the amount of garbage actually put into the furnace, it becomes possible to estimate the amount of garbage in an instant, and it is possible to detect the amount of garbage with high precision with less time deviation.

And Fig. 4 shows the action of the situation of combination with the first embodiment, when the situation of combination with the second embodiment, the processing of steps S4, S8 is replaced by the processing of steps S41, S81 in Fig. 3 respectively. Also in step S43, in addition to the adjustment of the air for primary combustion and the air for secondary combustion, the stroke and moving speed of the feeder 10 are also adjusted. For example, when the estimated value of the garbage supply amount is larger than the supply amount estimated in step S1, the control unit 26 further shortens the stroke and decelerates the moving speed of the feeder 10. Similarly, in step S83, in addition to the adjustment of the air for primary combustion and the air for secondary combustion, the stroke and moving speed of the feeder 10 are also adjusted. For example, when the estimated value of the garbage supply amount is smaller than the supply amount estimated in step S1, the control unit 26 further increases the stroke of the feeder 10 and accelerates the moving speed. In the case of controlling these feeders 10, the control unit 26 performs a calculation based on the function of the relationship between the estimated value for specifying the amount of garbage supplied and the stroke and moving speed of the feeder 10, etc. Corresponding to the control of the feeder 10.

<Fourth Embodiment> Next, the processing of the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7 . In the fourth embodiment, the processing of step S1 in the first to third embodiments will be described. (estimation method 1) Fig. 5 is a first diagram illustrating processing for estimating the calorific value of garbage and the like in the fourth embodiment. In the left figure 50 of FIG. 5 a sectional view of the hopper 1 and the chute 2 is shown. The layers I1 to I5 shown in the figure are the layers of the garbage formed by throwing the garbage into the hopper 1 every time. For example, the layer I5 is formed by the garbage thrown into the hopper 1 five times from now, the layer I4 is formed by the garbage thrown in four times before, and the layer I3 is formed by the garbage thrown in three times before , the layer I2 is formed by the garbage thrown in 2 times before, and the layer I1 is formed by the garbage thrown in just now. In the estimation method 1, the supply amount estimation unit 24 estimates the average residence time ΔT of the newly-introduced layer I1 garbage until it is supplied to the furnace according to the procedure described below, and estimates the generation of garbage input after the average residence time ΔT. The calorific value (LHV).

(Procedure 1) The garbage height calculation unit 22 detects the distance from the sensor 15 to the garbage surface at each position on the entire garbage surface of the hopper 1 by LiDAR every moment. When the garbage on the floor I5 is thrown in, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the volume of the garbage thrown in based on the amount of increase in the height of the garbage before and after the garbage is thrown in. The supply amount estimation unit 24 obtains the weight of the garbage measured by the weight scale 17a when the garbage on the floor I5 is transported, and divides the weight by the calculated volume of the garbage to calculate the density of the garbage on the floor I5. Similarly, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the density of the garbage in each floor when the garbage in the floors I4 to I1 is thrown in. The supply amount estimating unit 24 records the densities of garbage in the respective layers I1 to I4 in the memory unit 27 . The calculated relationship between the density of garbage and the layer is shown in FIG. 51 . In FIG. 51 , the vertical axis represents the density, and the horizontal axis represents the positions (levels) in the hopper 1 and the chute 2 . The line diagram 51a, from left to right, is the density of layer I5, the density of layer I4, the density of layer I3, the density of layer I2, and the density of layer I1.

(Procedure 2) The supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the calorific value using the density of each layer and a conversion formula derived in advance to calculate the calorific value from the density of the garbage. It is generally known that garbage density and calorific value are negatively correlated. The calorific value corresponding to the garbage density of each layer is shown in Figure 52. In FIG. 52 , the vertical axis represents heat generation (LHV), and the horizontal axis represents time. FIG. 52 shows, for example, the transition of the calorific value corresponding to the density of the garbage supplied to the furnace at each time point when the garbage is supplied into the furnace at a predetermined supply amount per unit time from the state of FIG. 50 . The line diagram 52a shows the heating value of layer I5, the heating value of layer I4, the heating value of layer I3, the heating value of layer I2, and the heating value of layer I1 from left to right.

(Procedure 3) Next, the calorific value when the garbage of each layer shown in FIG. 50 is actually thrown into the incinerator is calculated. For example, starting from the state where the garbage on layer I5 is located at the position of layer I1 (the garbage on layers I4~I1 in Figure 50 has not been put in), and then, while putting the garbage in in the order of I4~I1, the vapor flow sensor 11 Measure the main steam flow rate during the garbage combustion period of each layer I1~I5 (layer I1~I5 in Figure 50), and divide the measured main steam flow rate by the 1-hour accumulation of the weight of the garbage thrown into the hopper 1 by the crane 17 value, which is used to calculate the heating value (LHV) at each moment. The calculation method of the calorific value is known, and any known method can be used to calculate the calorific value when the garbage in each layer I1-I5 is burned. The calorific value of each layer I1 to I5 during combustion is shown in FIG. 53 . In FIG. 53 , the vertical axis represents heat generation (LHV), and the horizontal axis represents time. Fig. 53a shows the transition of the calorific value (LHV process value) calculated from the actual value of the main steam flow rate. The user records in the memory unit 27 data indicating changes in the calorific value calculated from the measured values. Alternatively, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the calorific value shown in FIG. 53 and records it in the memory unit 27 .

(Procedure 4) Next, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the graph 52a of the calorific value according to the density of each layer and the graph of the calorific value calculated from the main steam flow rate while moving the graph 52a calculated in the routine 2 in the direction of the time axis. The relevance of 53a. The supply amount estimating unit 24 searches for the movement amount ΔT in the graph 52a where the correlation becomes the maximum. ΔT in the case where the correlation becomes the maximum is defined as the average residence time ΔT. Because the retention time will change according to the amount of waste to be processed, it is necessary to consider changes in the nature of waste, operation plans, etc. For example, the average residence time ΔT is calculated every time the nature of garbage and the operation plan are changed.

(Procedure 5) After calculating the average residence time ΔT, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the density every time garbage is thrown into the hopper 1, and calculates the calorific value using a conversion formula. Next, the supply amount estimating unit 24 records the calculation result (estimated value) in the memory unit 27 together with the time. Thus, if the feeder control is performed to supply garbage now, the calorific value estimated in the past before the current average residence time ΔT is an estimated value of the calorific value of the garbage supplied this time. The supply amount estimating unit 24 reads the estimated value of the past calorific value recorded in the memory unit 27 before the average residence time ΔT, thereby estimating the calorific value (step S1 in FIGS. 2 to 4 ). And calculate the volume change of garbage according to the change of garbage height caused by this garbage supply (for example, unit height × cross-sectional area of hopper 1 or chute 2, add up the change of garbage height in the height direction. The cross-sectional area of hopper 1 and chute 2 The area is known.), calculate the estimated value of the garbage supply into the furnace (step S1 in Fig. 2~Fig. 4). This is the estimated value of the garbage supply for this supply.

Alternatively, the supply amount estimating unit 24 may record the calculation result of the volume change according to the height change in the hopper 1 per unit time in the memory unit 27 together with the time, and the past volume before the current average residence time ΔT The change becomes the estimated value of the garbage supply for this supply.

(estimation method 2) In the estimation method 1, it is considered that all the garbage thrown into the furnace is the garbage thrown into the hopper 1 at the same time point, and the density of the garbage is considered to be constant. However, in reality, according to the distribution of the garbage in the chute 2, the garbage thrown in at different timings is mixed and supplied to the furnace. In the estimation method 2, the density of the garbage thrown into the furnace is calculated by considering the distribution and compaction of the garbage (the density of the garbage thrown in later), and estimated using the calculated density of the garbage and the conversion formula. Calorific value of garbage.

Figure 6 shows the calculation method taking into account the distribution of waste and the density of compaction. First, as shown in the left figure 60, the following model is established through prior analysis, that is, in the hopper 1 and the chute 2, the garbage input at different time points is distributed and accumulated like layers I1-I5. The garbage on each floor is the garbage thrown into the hopper 1 from the crane 17 at the time of a certain feeding. Also, I6 and I7 represent garbage that has been supplied to the furnace. And by other analysis, if the feeder 10 is allowed to perform a predetermined action to supply the garbage into the furnace from the state of being distributed and accumulated like layers I1~I5, first, the garbage accumulated in the area surrounded by pattern 1 will be collected next time. Supply to the furnace, the garbage accumulated in the area surrounded by pattern 2 will be supplied to the furnace next time, and the garbage in the area of pattern 4 will be supplied to the furnace next time, and the garbage in the area of pattern 4 will be controlled by the fourth feeder inside the furnace. In addition, patterns 1 to 4 are examples of supply patterns assuming a certain amount of pushing out of the feeder 10 at one time. When analyzed in this way, in the pattern 1 which is the next delivery plan range, the garbage of layers I3-I5 becomes a delivery object. Also, by other analysis, the load moving average coefficient (garbage input ratio) related to the ratio of garbage in layers I3-I5 when the garbage of pattern 1 is supplied is calculated in advance (FIG. 62). As an example, FIG. 62 shows the load moving average coefficients of layers I1~I7 at each time when the volumes of garbage in layers I1~I7 are the same (the maximum value of the moving average coefficients of all loads is 0.1). The vertical axis of Fig. 62 represents the moving average coefficient of the load, and the horizontal axis represents time (the time when the waste is supplied into the furnace by the feeder 10). In FIG. 62 , each mountain corresponds to garbage on each floor, and in the example of FIG. 62 , each mountain corresponds to floors I7 to I1 in order from the leftmost mountain. The height of each mountain is positively correlated with the size of the input garbage volume. When the volume of garbage input into the hopper 1 is different each time, the peak value of the mountain is different each time. The overlapping of each mountain is related to the input ratio of the garbage thrown into the furnace at this moment. For example, based on a certain moment, as long as the input time of pattern 1 shown in Fig. 60 is known, the horizontal line in Fig. 62 The value of the vertical axis at the time corresponding to the axis grasps the input ratio of garbage in layers I3~I5 (load moving average coefficient). If the load moving average coefficients of I3~I5 are searched from Figure 62 at the moment when the garbage in the area surrounded by pattern 1 is supplied, the value of the first row in Table 61 can be obtained. Similarly, the load moving average coefficients of layers I1 to I7 of patterns 2 to 4 are shown in rows 2 to 4 in Table 61.

Also, by other analysis, the densities g1 to g7 of the compacted garbage in consideration of the layers I1 to I7 are calculated. For example, density g1 considers the density of the refuse in the compacted layer I1, density g2 considers the density of the refuse in the compacted layer I2, ..., density g7 considers the density of the refuse in the compacted layer I7. If the distribution pattern of the garbage supplied to the furnace (such as pattern 1) and the average coefficient of load movement in each layer of the pattern (Table 61) are given, the garbage density gX (X=1~7) of each layer is multiplied by the load movement The total value of the average coefficient is divided by the total load moving average coefficient of the pattern to obtain the garbage density of the pattern. For example, in the case of pattern 1, the following formula (1) can be used to calculate the garbage density G when the garbage in the range of pattern 1 is supplied into the furnace. G=(g1×0+g2×0+g3×0.01+g4×0.1+g5×0.04+ g6×0+g7×0)÷(0.01+0.1+0.04) … (1)

Next, refer to FIG. 7 . The left figure 70 shows the garbage layers I1~I5 in the hopper 1 and the chute 2. In FIG. 71 , the vertical axis represents density, and the horizontal axis represents time. The broken line diagram 71a is, from left to right, the density of layer I5, the density of layer I4, the density of layer I3, the density of layer I2, and the density of layer I1. Call these densities A. Density A is the density of the topmost garbage in each period. For example, if layer I5 is thrown in at a certain moment, the height corresponding to the supply of garbage to the furnace will decrease every moment, and if it reaches a certain height, the garbage corresponding to layer I4 will be thrown into hopper 1, and the density A is expressed in such The density of the topmost trash in the cycle.

In FIG. 72 , the vertical axis represents the residence time, and the horizontal axis represents the time. Fig. 72a shows the residence time until the garbage at each position (height) in Fig. 71 is supplied into the furnace. The residence time can be calculated by dividing the volume of the garbage present at the entrance of the furnace from the position (height) of the garbage at the corresponding time in FIG. 71 by the average volume change rate for one day.

Next, the density B after the calculated residence time was calculated for each position of each layer. Figure 73 shows the transition of density B. In FIG. 73 , the vertical axis represents density, and the horizontal axis represents time. The density B is the density of the waste immediately before being supplied into the furnace. For example, if the garbage supplied to the furnace is in the range of pattern 1, the density can be calculated using the above formula (1). If the "X1"min position of the layer I4 in Fig. 72 is included in the pattern 1, it can be known that the pattern 1 is put into the furnace after the "X1" minute. In this way, the density B after "X1" division can be calculated according to the above-mentioned formula (1) using the load moving average coefficient of pattern 1 in Table 61 shown in Fig. 6 . Likewise, density B in other patterns 2 etc. can be calculated. In this way, if a certain layer of garbage is thrown in (if it is pattern 1, the time point when the relevant layers I5-I3 are thrown in), the density B after a certain residence time can be calculated in advance. The supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the residence time of the garbage thrown into the hopper 1 until it is supplied to the furnace based on a certain point of time, and the density B of the garbage when it is supplied to the furnace to obtain a graph 73a of FIG. 73 . Next, the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the calorific value based on the calculated density B at each time point and the conversion formula. The calculated calorific value is shown in Fig. 74a of Fig. 74 . In this way, according to the estimation method 2, the residence time of the garbage, the distribution of the garbage, the compacted density B, and the calorific value corresponding to the density B can be estimated in advance.

Next, the procedure of the estimation method 2 will be described. The supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the calorific value of the garbage according to the following procedure. The distribution (I1~I5) of the garbage in the hopper 1 and the chute 2 shown in Figure 60 etc., and the pattern information (pattern 1~4) representing the range of the garbage supplied to the furnace are analyzed and recorded in advance. In the memory section 27.

(Procedure 1) The garbage height calculation unit 22 detects the distance from the sensor 15 to the garbage surface at each position on the entire garbage surface of the hopper 1 by LiDAR every moment, thereby calculating the height of the garbage. The supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the volume and density of the garbage.

(Procedure 2) The supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the estimated value of the residence time by dividing the total volume of the remaining garbage in the hopper by the average volume change rate (m ³ /unit time) per day.

(Procedure 3) Using the calculated residence time and FIG. 62 , the supply amount estimating unit 24 calculates the density of the garbage thrown into the furnace after the residence time using the compaction and load moving average density of the garbage in the hopper 1 . For example, the supply amount estimation unit 24 selects supply patterns 1 to 4 of garbage. The residence time corresponding to the selected pattern is applied to the horizontal axis of Fig. 62 to determine the load moving average coefficient and estimate the garbage density corresponding to the pattern. For example, in the case of pattern 1, the supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the garbage density of pattern 1 using equation (1). The supply amount estimating unit 24 can analyze the relationship between the compaction g1~g7 of the garbage at each distribution position required for the calculation, the input time and the input ratio (FIG. 62), and can also use the information analyzed separately to perform the procedure 3 calculated.

(Procedure 4) The supply amount estimation part 24 selects the pattern of the refuse supplied to a furnace. For example, the supply amount estimating unit 24 selects pattern 1 as the pattern of the garbage to be supplied to the furnace next time. The supply amount estimating unit 24 selects the garbage density of the pattern 1 estimated in the procedure 3 .

(Procedure 5) The supply amount estimating unit 24 estimates the calorific value using the garbage density of the selected pattern and the conversion formula. In addition, the supply amount estimating unit 24 may also estimate the flow rate of fuel (garbage) supplied to the furnace, that is, the flow rate (kJ/h) of the injected fuel.

Also, the calculation of the residence time is calculated by dividing the residual amount (volume) of garbage by the average volume change rate per day in the estimation method 2, but it is also possible to estimate the volume of garbage by the volume change every moment Move, detect the garbage at the position of attention (for example, the garbage at the bottom of layer I4) to move to the position before it is about to be put in (for example, the position included in the range of pattern 1), before the garbage of attention arrives and is about to be put in At the time point of the location, the calorific value and supply amount of the garbage put in next time are estimated. According to this method, the timing of starting the advance control is immediately before the supply to the combustion chamber 6, and the estimation accuracy can be improved.

According to this embodiment, using the volume change of the garbage based on the LiDAR measurement value and the actual performance data of the past volume change, the density of the garbage when it is supplied to the furnace is calculated from the distribution of the garbage and the residence time in the hopper (also referred to as The calorific value of the garbage can be estimated for the moisture content of the garbage), so that a more accurate estimation can be performed.

Fig. 8 shows an example of the hardware configuration of the control device of each embodiment. The computer 900 is equipped with: a CPU 901 , a main memory device 902 , an auxiliary memory device 903 , an input/output interface 904 , and a communication interface 905 . The control device 20 described above is incorporated in the computer 900 . Moreover, the above functions are stored in the auxiliary memory device 903 in the form of programs. The CPU 901 reads a program from the auxiliary memory device 903 and loads it into the main memory device 902, and executes the above-described processing based on the program. Also, the CPU 901 secures a memory area in the main memory device 902 according to the program. In addition, the CPU 901 secures a memory area for storing data being processed in the auxiliary memory device 903 according to the program.

In addition, the program for realizing all or part of the functions of the control device 20 can be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded on the recording medium can be loaded into the computer system and executed, thereby performing various functions based on each function. processing. The "computer system" here refers to hardware including an OS, peripheral devices, and the like. "Computer system" also includes a home page provision environment (or display environment) in the case of using the WWW system. Also, "computer-readable recording media" refers to portable media such as CDs, DVDs, and USBs, and storage devices such as hard disks built into computer systems. Also, when the program is transmitted to the computer 900 through the communication line, the computer 900 receiving the transmission loads the program into the main memory device 902 to perform the above-mentioned processing. The above-mentioned program may be used to realize a part of the above-mentioned function, or may be further combined with a program already recorded in the computer system to realize the above-mentioned function.

Some embodiments of the present invention have been described above, and all the embodiments are presented as examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in other various forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the inventions described in the claims and their equivalent scopes, as are the scope and gist of the invention.

＜Notes＞ The control device 20 described in each embodiment can be understood as follows, for example.

(1) The control device 20 of the incinerator facility (garbage incineration facility) of the first aspect is the control device 20 of the incinerator facility 1, which has: 6. Fire grate 3), and the combustion air supply part (baffles 8A~8F, blower 4, baffle 14A) that supplies combustion air to the aforementioned furnace; and is equipped with a combustion air control part (control part 26), This is to control the combustion air before the incinerated materials are put into the furnace according to the supply amount or calorific value of the incinerated materials supplied to the furnace. Thereby, before the supply of garbage, the atmosphere in the furnace (inside the combustion chamber 6 ) can be formed corresponding to the amount of the garbage supplied and the calorific value, and the combustion in the furnace can be stabilized.

(2) The control device 20 of the second aspect is that the control device 20 of (1) further includes: a feeder for supplying the aforementioned incinerated materials to the aforementioned furnace, and controlling the aforementioned feeder according to the aforementioned supply amount or the aforementioned calorific value. The action of the feeder control part (control part 26). Thereby, when supplying the garbage, the supply amount of the garbage can be adjusted according to the supply amount and the calorific value of the garbage, and the combustion in the furnace can be stabilized.

(3) The control device 20 of the third aspect is that the control device 20 of (1) to (2) is further equipped with: an imaging means (image sensor 16) for photographing the state of the aforementioned incinerated material being thrown into the aforementioned furnace, and An estimating unit (image estimating unit 23 ) for estimating the supply amount or calorific value of the incinerated material put into the aforementioned furnace from the image information obtained by the aforementioned imaging means, and the aforementioned combustion air control unit is based on the above-mentioned estimating unit The combustion air (primary combustion air, secondary combustion air) is controlled based on the estimated supply amount or calorific value of the incinerated material after input. Combustion in the furnace can be stabilized with high accuracy by controlling the combustion air according to the amount of garbage actually supplied to the furnace.

(4) The control device 20 of the fourth aspect is that the control device 20 of (1) to (3) is further equipped with a calculation unit (supply amount estimation unit), which detects the inside of the hopper (hopper 1) by three-dimensional measurement. and in the chute 2) of the aforementioned incinerated objects) are supplied to the aforementioned furnace according to the compaction (g1~g7) of the aforementioned incinerated objects and the distribution (I1~I7) of the aforementioned incinerated objects in the aforementioned hopper The ratio (input ratio) of the incinerated matter is calculated to calculate the aforementioned supply amount or the aforementioned calorific value immediately before being supplied to the aforementioned furnace. Thereby, before the garbage is supplied, the supply amount and calorific value of the supplied garbage can be estimated.

(5) In the control device 20 of the fifth aspect, in the control device 20 of (4), the aforementioned calculation unit detects the distance of the entire surface of the aforementioned incinerated object by LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). Calculate the volume of the incinerated material put into the hopper from the change in the distance, calculate the density from the weight and volume of the incinerated material put into the hopper, and calculate the incinerated material supplied to the furnace for a certain period in the past. The correlation between the calorific value estimated by density and the actual measured calorific value is compared to estimate the residence time from the time when the incinerated material is put into the hopper until it is supplied to the furnace, and the calorific value after the residence time is estimated. Thereby, the calorific value of the garbage supplied to the furnace after the residence time can be estimated, and the control of primary combustion air can be started before the garbage is supplied to the furnace.

1: Hopper 2: Chute 3: grate 3A: Dry domain 3B: Burning Domain 3C: Afterburning Domain 4: blower 5A~5E: Bellows 6: Combustion chamber 7: Ash export 8A~8E,14A: baffle 9: Boiler 10: Feeder 11:Steam flow sensor 12: flue 13,14: pipeline 15: Sensor (LiDAR) 16: Image sensor 17: Crane 17a: Weight scale 18: Temperature sensor 19: Oxygen concentration sensor 20: Control device 21: Data Acquisition Department 22: Garbage height calculation department 23: Image Estimation Department 24:Supply Estimation Department 25: Judgment Department 26: Control Department 27: Memory Department 100: Garbage incineration equipment 900: computer 901:CPU 902: main memory device 903: Auxiliary memory device 904: input and output interface 905: communication interface

[ Fig. 1 ] shows an example of a waste incineration facility according to each embodiment. [ Fig. 2 ] is a flow chart showing an example of the operation of the control device of the first embodiment. [ Fig. 3 ] is a flow chart showing an example of the operation of the control device of the second embodiment. [ Fig. 4 ] is a flow chart showing an example of the operation of the control device of the third embodiment. [FIG. 5] It is the 1st figure explaining the estimation process of the calorific value etc. of the garbage concerning 4th Embodiment. [FIG. 6] It is the 2nd figure which explains the estimation process of the calorific value etc. of the garbage concerning 4th Embodiment. [FIG. 7] It is the 3rd figure explaining the estimation process of the calorific value etc. of the garbage concerning 4th Embodiment. [ Fig. 8 ] shows an example of the hardware configuration of the control device of each embodiment.

1: Hopper

2: Chute

3: grate

3A: Dry domain

3B: Burning Domain

3C: Afterburning Domain

4: blower

5A~5E: Bellows

6: Combustion chamber

6A: primary combustion chamber

6B: Secondary combustion chamber

7: Ash export

8,13,14: pipeline

8A~8E,14A: baffle

9: Boiler

10: Feeder

11:Steam flow sensor

12: flue

15: Sensor (LiDAR)

16: Image sensor

17: Crane

17a: Weight scale

18: Temperature sensor

19: Oxygen concentration sensor

20: Control device

21: Data Acquisition Department

22: Garbage height calculation department

23: Image Estimation Department

24:Supply Estimation Department

25: Judgment Department

26: Control Department

27: Memory Department

100: Garbage incineration equipment

Claims (6)

A control device for incinerator equipment, comprising: a furnace for conveying incinerated objects while burning them; a combustion air supply unit for supplying combustion air to the furnace; and a combustion air control unit and a calculation unit, The combustion air control unit controls the combustion air before the incineration material is put into the furnace according to the supply amount or calorific value of the incineration material supplied to the furnace, The calculation unit detects the height change of the incinerated objects in the hopper by three-dimensional measurement, calculates the volume of the incinerated objects put into the hopper according to the height change of the incinerated objects, and calculates the volume of the incinerated objects put into the hopper The weight of the object and the density calculated by the aforementioned volume are compared with the correlation between the aforementioned calorific value estimated from the density of the aforementioned incinerated matter supplied to the aforementioned furnace in a certain period of time in the past and the aforementioned calorific value actually measured. The residence time of the material put into the aforementioned hopper until it is supplied to the aforementioned furnace is calculated based on the compaction of the aforementioned material to be incinerated, the distribution of the aforementioned material to be incinerated in the aforementioned hopper, and the ratio of the material to be incinerated supplied to the aforementioned furnace. The supply amount or calorific value of the aforementioned incinerated materials supplied to the aforementioned furnace after the residence time, The combustion air control unit performs the combustion according to the supply amount or calorific value of the incineration material before the residence time estimated by the calculation unit is predetermined time after the incineration material is put into the hopper. air control. The control device of the incinerator equipment as described in Claim 1, It further includes: a feeder for supplying the incinerated materials to the furnace, and a feeder control unit for controlling the operation of the feeder according to the supply amount or the heat generation, The feeder control unit controls the feeder based on the supply amount or calorific value of the incinerated material before the predetermined time from the time when the incinerated material is put into the hopper is earlier than the residence time estimated by the calculating unit. The control device of the incinerator equipment as described in Claim 1, It further includes: imaging means for photographing the state of the incinerated objects thrown into the furnace, and image estimation for estimating the supply amount or calorific value of the aforementioned incinerated objects thrown into the furnace from the image information obtained by the aforementioned imaging means department, The combustion air control unit controls the combustion air based on the supplied amount or calorific value of the incinerated material after input estimated by the image estimation unit. The control device for incinerator equipment as described in Claim 1, wherein, The combustion air control unit performs control to reduce the combustion air when the supply amount and/or calorific value of the incinerated material supplied to the furnace increases by a certain amount or more after the residence time, When the supply amount and/or calorific value of the incinerated material supplied to the furnace after the residence time has decreased by a certain amount or more, the control to increase the combustion air is performed. The control device for incinerator equipment as described in Claim 2, wherein, The feeder control unit is configured to push out and/or move the feeder when the supply amount and/or calorific value of the incinerated material supplied to the furnace increases by a certain amount or more after the residence time speed reduction control, When the supply amount and/or calorific value of the incinerated material supplied to the furnace after the residence time has decreased by a certain amount or more, control is performed to increase the pushing amount and/or moving speed of the feeder. The control device for incinerator equipment as described in Claim 2, wherein, The feeder control unit, when the supply amount and/or calorific value of the incinerated material supplied to the furnace after the residence time has increased by a certain amount or more, after the control of the combustion air and after the elapsed time The estimated residence time is advanced by a predetermined time, and the push-out amount and/or the moving speed of the feeder are controlled to be reduced, When the supply amount and/or calorific value of the incinerated material supplied to the furnace has decreased by a certain amount or more after the aforementioned residence time, after the control of the combustion air and before the estimated residence time has elapsed, Control is performed to increase the pushing amount and/or moving speed of the feeder before a predetermined time.

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