JP7028844B2 - Waste combustion equipment and waste combustion method - Google Patents

Description

The present disclosure relates to a waste combustion apparatus and a waste combustion method.

A waste combustion device such as a waste incinerator generally burns solid fuel such as waste and biomass put into a hopper in a combustion chamber. However, solid fuels such as waste and biomass are characterized by large fluctuations in fuel properties, and there is a problem that when the properties of the input waste change, the combustion state also changes. Therefore, the waste treatment equipment is required to stabilize combustion.

For example, in Patent Document 1, the bulk density of waste charged into the hopper is calculated, and when the amount of change from the previous bulk density exceeds a predetermined threshold, heat is generated based on the amount of change in bulk density. A method of controlling combustion according to the amount of change in the quality of waste by correcting the quantity reference value is disclosed.

Japanese Patent No. 6153090

However, as in the method described in Patent Document 1, when the change in the quality of the waste is determined based on the amount of change in the bulk density obtained from the entire waste in the hopper, the waste immediately before being put into the combustion chamber is discarded. It still has the problem that it cannot respond to changes in the properties of objects and stable combustion control cannot be performed.

Therefore, in some embodiments of the present invention, it is an object of the present invention to provide a waste combustion apparatus and a waste combustion method that contribute to the stabilization of the combustion state of waste.

The waste combustion device according to at least one embodiment of the present invention is provided in a hopper into which waste is charged, a feeder for supplying the waste charged in the hopper, and a combustion chamber for burning the waste. The stalker is provided with a moisture meter for measuring the water content of the waste supplied to the feeder, and a control device, and the control device is based on the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter. Based on the calorific value change determination unit that determines the calorific value change of the waste, the adjustment value determination unit that determines the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder based on the determination result of the calorific value change, and the adjustment value. A boiler that includes an operation amount control unit that controls the feeder, generates steam by the combustion heat generated in the combustion chamber, and a steam flow meter that measures the steam flow rate of the boiler. The control device further includes an operation amount calculation unit for calculating the operation amount of the feeder so that the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow meter matches the target steam flow rate of the boiler, and the operation amount control. The unit calculates the operation amount of the feeder calculated by the operation amount calculation unit and the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder determined by the adjustment value determination unit, controls the feeder, and controls the feeder. The apparatus further includes a storage unit that stores the relationship between the water content of the waste and the calorific value of the waste, and the calorific value change determination unit is the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter. The change in the calorific value of the waste is determined based on the relationship between the water content of the waste stored in the storage unit and the calorific value of the waste, and the control device is measured by the steam flow meter. The calorific value calculation unit that calculates the calorific value from the steam flow rate, the calorific value calculated by the calorific value calculation unit, and the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter are stored in the storage unit. Further includes an update unit for updating the relationship between the water content of the waste and the calorific value of the waste .

The waste combustion method according to at least one embodiment of the present invention includes a charging stage in which the waste is charged into the hopper and a combustion chamber in which the waste charged into the hopper is burned using a feeder. A supply stage for supplying to the stoker, a measurement stage for measuring the water content of the waste, and a determination stage for determining a change in the calorific value of the waste based on the water content of the waste measured in the measurement stage. A determination step of determining the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder based on the determination result of the calorific value change, a control step of controlling the feeder based on the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder, and the combustion . The steam generation stage where the boiler generates steam by the combustion heat generated in the chamber, the steam flow rate measurement stage where the steam flow rate of the boiler is measured by the steam flow rate measuring device, and the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate measuring device are The control step includes an operation amount calculation step for calculating the operation amount of the feeder so as to match the target steam flow rate of the boiler, and the control step includes the operation amount of the feeder calculated in the operation amount calculation step. , A storage step for controlling the feeder by calculating the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder determined in the determination step and storing the relationship between the water content of the waste and the calorific value of the waste. Further, the determination step is based on the relationship between the water content of the waste measured in the measurement stage, the water content of the waste stored in the storage stage, and the calorific value of the waste. A calorific value calculation stage in which a change in the calorific value of an object is determined and the calorific value is calculated from the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow meter, a calorific value calculated in the calorific value calculation stage, and measurement in the measurement stage. Further provided is an update stage for updating the relationship between the water content of the waste stored in the storage stage and the calorific value of the waste from the water content of the waste .

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the change in the calorific value of the waste is determined based on the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter, and the feeder operation is performed based on the determination result of the calorific value change. Determine the amount adjustment value. As a result, by measuring the water content of the waste supplied to the combustion chamber, changes in the quality of the waste can be detected before combustion, the amount of heat input to the combustion chamber is adjusted, and the combustion state of the waste in the combustion chamber. Can contribute to the stabilization of.

It is a schematic block diagram of the waste combustion apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of the control device which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the water content of waste and the cycle time of a stoker which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of the control apparatus which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of the control apparatus which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a correlation graph of the water content and the calorific value of the waste according to one embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram of the control apparatus which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart of the waste combustion method which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, etc. of the components described as embodiments or shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to this, but are merely explanatory examples. do not have.
On the other hand, the expression "includes", "includes", or "has" one component is not an exclusive expression that excludes the existence of another component.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a waste combustion device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Hereinafter, the waste combustion device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The waste combustion device 100 may be a device for incinerating municipal waste or the like, or may be a device for incinerating industrial waste liquid or the like.

As shown in FIG. 1, the waste combustion device 100 according to the embodiment includes a hopper 3 into which waste is charged, a feeder 5 for supplying the waste charged in the hopper 3 into the combustion chamber 11, and a feeder. It is provided with a stoker 7 that receives the waste supplied by 5 and burns the waste, a combustion chamber 11 that burns the waste, a moisture meter 30 that measures the water content of the waste, and a control device 50. The waste combustion device 100 in the present embodiment may be further arranged in the lower part of the stoker 7 and may be provided with a blower 9 for supplying air on the stoker 7 or may be provided with a boiler 15.

The hopper 3 temporarily stores the waste, for example, the waste is thrown in by a crane (not shown) and the waste is stored.

The feeder 5 is provided at the lower part of the hopper 3, and moves the waste supplied to the feed table 5a through the chute portion 3a of the hopper 3 in a predetermined stroke to push it out into the combustion chamber 11 to burn the waste. It is supplied onto the stoker 7 in the chamber 11. The feeder 5 receives a control signal from the control device 50, controls the speed and operation timing of pushing out the waste, and controls the amount of waste supplied to the combustion chamber 11.

The stoker 7 is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber 11 and is formed by alternately arranging a fixed grate and a movable grate that reciprocates in the flow direction of waste, and is supplied into the combustion chamber 11 by a feeder 5. It receives the waste and dries and burns it while moving it.
The stalker 7 includes a dry grate 7a that evaporates and dries the water content of the waste supplied by the feeder 5, a combustion grate 7b that is located in the wake of the dry grate 7a and burns the dry waste. It is located in the wake of the combustion grate (pre-combustion grate) 7b, and is equipped with a post-combustion grate 7c that burns unburned components such as fixed carbon components that have passed through without being burned until they become ash. The stoker 7 receives a control signal from the control device 50 and controls the operating speed of each grate.
The wake side of the post-combustion grate 7c is connected to the ash outlet 13, and the ash is discharged from the waste combustion device 100 through the ash outlet 13.

The blower 9 is provided below the stoker 7 and supplies primary air (air) to each part of the stoker 7 via the air box 8. The supplied primary air promotes the combustion of waste, for example, in the combustion grate 7b. The blower 9 receives a control signal from the control device 50 and controls the amount of blown air.

The combustion chamber 11 is composed of a primary combustion chamber 11a and a secondary combustion chamber 11b above the stoker, and a boiler 15 is connected to the subsequent flow. The primary combustion chamber 11a is an area in the furnace in which the waste charged into the furnace is transferred onto the stoker 7 and the waste is incinerated from below the stoker 7 with the primary air. The secondary combustion chamber 11b is provided above the primary combustion chamber 11a, and the unburned gas generated from the primary combustion chamber 11a is secondary by the secondary air sent from a blower (not shown) provided in the secondary combustion chamber. This is the area inside the furnace where combustion is performed. If the calorific value changes, the amount of air required for complete combustion of the waste changes. Therefore, even if the blower that sends secondary air is controlled by receiving a control signal from the control device 50, the amount of air blown is controlled. good.
A thermometer 12 for measuring the temperature inside the furnace in the secondary combustion chamber 11b is provided in the combustion chamber 11. The thermometer 12 sends the measured information on the temperature inside the furnace to the control device 50. In FIG. 1, only one thermometer 12 is provided, but a plurality of thermometers 12 may be provided in the secondary combustion chamber 11b. Further, the thermometer 12 may be provided at the outlet of the combustion chamber 11 or the flue connected to the boiler 15 as long as the combustion state in the combustion chamber can be grasped.

The boiler 15 is arranged in the wake of the flow of the exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber 11, and generates steam by the combustion heat generated in the combustion chamber 11. The boiler 15 exchanges heat with the exhaust gas sent from the combustion chamber 11 and the water circulating in the boiler 15 to generate steam. A flue is provided at the exhaust gas outlet of the boiler 15, and the exhaust gas heat recovered by the boiler 15 passes through the flue, passes through the exhaust gas treatment equipment, and is discharged to the outside. In the boiler 15, a steam flow rate measuring device 16 for measuring the steam flow rate generated by heat exchange between the combustion exhaust gas and water is provided. The steam flow rate measuring instrument 16 sends the measured steam flow rate information to the control device 50.

The exhaust gas that has been heat-recovered by the boiler 15 passes through a flue, passes through an exhaust gas treatment facility such as a temperature reducing tower 17 that lowers the exhaust gas temperature, and a dust collector 19 for removing fly ash from the exhaust gas, and is treated. It is discharged to the outside from the chimney 21.

The moisture meter 30 is for measuring the moisture content of waste. The moisture meter 30 may measure the moisture content of waste regardless of the type of the measuring instrument, for example, the moisture meter 30 may measure the moisture content by using an electric resistance value, an electric capacity, a degree of light absorption, and an electromagnetic wave. good. As shown in FIG. 1, the moisture meter 30 is provided in the lower portion (near the outlet) in the hopper 3, that is, at a position where the moisture content of the waste immediately before being pushed out to the combustion chamber 11 by the feeder 5 can be measured. Is desirable. By making it possible to measure the water content of the waste immediately before being supplied to the combustion chamber 11, it is possible to grasp the water content of the waste supplied to the stoker 7 before combustion.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a moisture meter 30 is provided near the outlet in the hopper 3 in order to measure the water content of the waste near the outlet, but the position of the moisture meter 30 is in this case. Without limitation, the moisture meter may measure the moisture content of the waste near the inlet or outlet of the hopper 3.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the moisture meter 30 is not limited to the case where the water content of the waste at the outlet portion in the hopper 3 can be measured, but is not limited to the case where the moisture meter 30 is provided at an arbitrary position, for example, in the hopper 3. It may be provided at a position where the water content of the waste in the central portion or the upper portion can be measured. When the moisture meter 30 is provided at a position where the moisture content of the waste in the central portion of the hopper 3 can be measured, the waste whose moisture content has been measured will be supplied to the combustion chamber 11 after a certain period of time. By measuring the timing of supply, it becomes possible to grasp the water content of the waste supplied to the stoker 7. Further, the moisture meter 30 is not limited to the case where the moisture content of the waste in the hopper 3 can be measured, but is not limited to the case where the moisture meter 30 is provided at an upper position upstream of the stoker 7, that is, the waste immediately after being supplied into the combustion chamber 11. It may be provided at a position where the water content can be measured. When the moisture meter 30 is provided at a position where the moisture content of the waste upstream of the stoker 7 can be measured, the moisture content of the waste supplied to the stoker 7 can be directly grasped. The number of moisture meters 30 is not limited to one, and a plurality of moisture meters 30 may be provided. For example, the water content of the upper, central, and lower wastes in the hopper may be provided at positions where the water content can be measured, and the accurate temperature distribution of the wastes in the hopper 3 may be measured.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the control device 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 2, the control device 50 has an calorific value change determination unit 52 that determines a change in the calorific value of waste, and an adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 based on the determination result of the calorific value change. In the adjustment value determination unit 54 that determines the operation amount, the operation amount calculation unit 56 that calculates the operation amount of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 from the target steam flow rate, and the operation amount and adjustment value determination unit 54 calculated by the operation amount calculation unit 56. The operation amount control unit 58 that controls the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 by the determined adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 is included.

The calorific value change determination unit 52 determines the calorific value change of the waste based on the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter 30. The calorific value change determination unit 52 receives information on the water content of the waste from the moisture meter 30, compares it with a preset reference water content, and when the difference increases or decreases beyond a predetermined threshold value, the calorific value increases or decreases. It may be determined that the change has occurred. The reference water content is a reference value of the water content for grasping the change in the quality of the waste. For example, the water content of the waste before a predetermined time may be set as the reference water content, or a moisture meter. The moving average of the water content of the waste obtained from 30 over time may be set as the reference water content. Further, the reference water content may be set by the user according to the type of waste, for example, if the type of waste is determined to some extent.

Generally, the higher the water content of waste, the lower the calorific value, and the lower the water content, the higher the calorific value. Therefore, for example, when the calorific value change determination unit 52 increases the water content in the waste from the reference water content by a predetermined threshold value or more, the calorific value change determination unit 52 determines that the calorific value of the waste has decreased, and the water content in the waste is the reference water content. When the amount decreases by a predetermined value or more, it is determined that the calorific value of the waste has increased. When the calorific value change determination unit 52 of the waste increases or decreases by a predetermined value or more, the calorific value change determination unit 52 sends information on the change amount of the waste to the adjustment value determination unit 54 as a determination result.

The adjustment value determination unit 54 is a feeder 5 so that the amount of heat input to the combustion chamber 11 (the amount of waste input) is constant based on the determination result of the calorific value change determined by the calorific value change determination unit 52. And the adjustment value of the operation amount of the stoker 7 is determined respectively. The adjustment value determination unit 54 may determine the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 according to the amount of change in the calorific value of the waste. The adjustment value determination unit 54 sends the determined adjustment value information to the operation amount control unit 58.

The operation amount calculation unit 56 is a feeder so as to input necessary waste (heat input amount) into the combustion chamber 11 so that the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate measuring device 16 matches the target steam flow rate of the boiler 15. The operation amount of 5 and the stoker 7 are calculated respectively. More specifically, the operation amount calculation unit 56 operates the feeder 5 speed to adjust the amount of waste (heat input amount) supplied into the combustion chamber 11 so that the current steam flow rate matches the target steam flow rate. The amount is calculated, and the operation amount of the stoker 7 is calculated in order to adjust the combustion heat. The operation amount calculation unit 56 sends the calculated operation amount of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 to the operation amount control unit 58. The target steam flow rate is a target steam flow rate generated by the boiler 15, and is appropriately set based on information such as the amount of power generated by a power generation device that generates power using steam.

The operation amount control unit 58 calculates the operation amount of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 calculated by the operation amount calculation unit 56 and the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 determined by the adjustment value determination unit 54. The feeder 5 and the stoker 7 are controlled respectively.

Here, an example of adjusting the operation amount of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 will be described with reference to FIG. It is assumed that the reference water content is 50%, and the calorific value change determination unit 52 determines that the calorific value has changed when the temperature changes from the reference water content by a predetermined threshold value (2%) or more. When the water content obtained from the moisture meter 30 is 53% and the difference from the reference water content is 2% or more, the calorific value change determination unit 52 determines that the calorific value has changed. Next, the adjustment value determination unit 54 determines the adjustment value so as to increase the speed of the feeder 5 in order to increase the supply amount of waste in order to keep the heat input constant. On the other hand, when the water content increases (the fuel calorie decreases), there is a problem that the drying distance of the stoker 7 becomes long and the burnout length increases. Therefore, the adjustment value determining unit 54 adjusts the speed of the stoker so as to reduce the grate speed of the combustion grate 7b and the post-combustion grate 7c to increase the residence time and reduce the burnout length. To decide.

According to the control device 50 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, in addition to the operation amount of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 calculated by the operation amount calculation unit 58 so as to match the target steam flow rate, the waste is supplied to the combustion chamber. By measuring the water content of the waste, changes in the quality of the waste can be detected before combustion, and the amount of operation of the feeder 5 and stoker 7 can be adjusted in consideration of the change in quality in advance, so that the combustion state can be stabilized. And the amount of evaporation can be stabilized.

In the control device 50 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 described above, the operation amount calculation unit 56 is provided and described, but the operation amount calculation unit 56 may be omitted. For example, when the target steam flow rate is constant and the change in the quality of the waste is small, the operation amount of the feeder 5 or the like is set in advance, and the operation amount control unit 58 operates the feeder 5 or the like which has been set in advance. The feeder 5 and the like may be controlled by adding an adjustment value of the operation amount according to the water content of the waste to the amount.
Further, although the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 have been described as control targets in the adjustment value determination unit 54 and the operation amount control unit 58, the present disclosure is not limited to this, and for example, if the burnout length of the stoker 7 is a problem. If not, only the feeder 5 may be controlled. That is, the amount of waste supplied to the combustion chamber 11 may be adjusted by controlling the amount of operation of the feeder 5 according to the amount of water in the waste.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the control device 50 according to another embodiment of the present invention. In the following, the description of the configuration common to the control device 50 shown in FIG. 2 will be omitted as appropriate.
In the control device 50 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the calorific value change determination unit 52 has a combustion chamber based on the gas temperature measured by the thermometer 12 in addition to the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter 30. The change in the calorific value of the waste in 11 may be determined. The calorific value change determination unit 52 receives information on the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 11 by the thermometer 12, compares it with a preset reference gas temperature, and when the difference increases or decreases beyond a predetermined threshold value, heat is generated. It may be determined that the amount has changed. The reference gas temperature is a reference value of the gas temperature for generating the target steam flow rate, and may be determined by the target steam flow rate. For example, when the calorific value change determination unit 52 determines that the gas temperature has changed from the reference gas temperature by a predetermined threshold value or more, it can be said that the combustion heat of the waste on the stoker 7 has changed.
With the above configuration, in addition to the water content of the waste, the change in the calorific value of the waste in the combustion chamber is determined based on the gas temperature and steam flow rate in the combustion chamber, so that the heat input amount of the waste supplied to the combustion chamber is determined. Even if the fluctuation is a little, the fluctuation of the combustion heat can be suppressed.

When the adjustment value determination unit 54 determines that the gas temperature has changed by a predetermined threshold value or more in the calorific value change determination unit 52, the operation amount of the stoker 7 and the lower part of the stoker 7 arranged at the bottom in the combustion chamber 11 At least one adjustment value of the operation amount of the blower 9 that supplies air to the stoker 7 may be determined.
For example, when the gas temperature drops by a predetermined threshold value or more, the adjustment value determining unit 54 determines that the combustion heat of the waste on the stoker 7 has decreased, and determines the primary air amount in order to promote the combustion of the waste. The adjustment value of the operation amount of the blower 9 is determined in order to increase.

The operation amount calculation unit 56 calculates the operation amount of the blower 9 in addition to the operation amount of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7. The operation amount control unit 58 operates the operation amount of the feeder 5, the stoker 7, and the blower 9 calculated by the operation amount calculation unit 56, and the operation of the feeder 5, the stoker 7, and the blower 9 determined by the adjustment value determination unit 54. The feeder 5, the stoker 7, and the blower 9 are controlled by calculating the amount adjustment value. For example, when the calorific value change determination unit 52 determines that the gas temperature has changed from the reference gas temperature by a predetermined threshold value or more, the adjustment value determination unit 54 determines the adjustment value of the operation amount of the blower 9, and the operation amount control unit. In 58, the adjustment value of the operation amount of the blower 9 determined by the adjustment value determination unit 54 is added to the operation amount of the blower 9 calculated by the operation amount calculation unit 56. As a result, the amount of primary air can be increased to promote combustion, and the amount of volatile matter generated from the solid content of waste or biomass can be increased.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the control device 50 according to another embodiment of the present invention. In the following, the description of the configuration common to the control device 50 shown in FIG. 2 will be omitted as appropriate.
The control device 50 shown in FIG. 5 generates heat by calculating the calorific value from the storage unit 60 that stores the correlation graph between the water content of the waste and the calorific value of the waste and the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate measuring device 16. Further, the amount calculation unit 62, the calorific value calculated by the calorific value calculation unit 62, and the update unit 64 for updating the correlation graph stored in the storage unit 60 from the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter 30. include.

The calorific value change determination unit 52 generates heat from the waste based on the relationship between the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter 30, the water content of the waste stored in the storage unit 60, and the calorific value of the waste. Determine the amount change. In this embodiment, the relationship between the water content of the waste and the calorific value of the waste is stored in the storage unit 60 as a correlation graph, but is stored in the storage unit 60 as a correspondence table. May be. FIG. 6 is a correlation graph according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the graph shown in FIG. 6, the horizontal axis represents the water content of the waste and the vertical axis represents the calorific value of the waste. Since there is a correlation between the water content of waste and the calorific value of waste, the calorific value can be calculated using the correlation graph by measuring the water content of waste. Therefore, the calorific value change determination unit 52 accesses the storage unit 60 after acquiring the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter 30, and acquires the calorific value according to the acquired water content. The calorific value change determination unit 52 may acquire the calorific value from the water content acquired after a predetermined time and determine whether or not the calorific value has changed by a threshold value or more from the previous calorific value.

The calorific value calculation unit 62 acquires the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate measuring device 16 and the water content measured by the moisture meter 30, and calculates the calorific value. The calorific value calculation unit 62 sends the water content and the data of the calorific value calculated using the water content to the update unit 64.

The update unit 64 reads the data of the correlation graph from the storage unit 60, adds the data of the water content and the calorific value acquired from the calorific value calculation unit 62, updates the correlation graph of the water content and the calorific value, and stores it. The updated correlation graph is stored in the unit 60. By updating the correlation graph stored in the storage unit 60 from the calorific value and the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter 30, the update unit 64 updates the correlation graph at any time and determines the quality of the waste. It becomes a correlation graph according to the change, the change in calorific value can be determined accurately, and the adjustment value of the adjustment target (feeder 5, stoker 7, blower 9, etc.) can be calculated to stabilize the combustion state.

According to the control device 50 shown in FIG. 5, the calorific value calculation unit 62 and the update unit 64 prepare a correlation graph that reflects the quality of waste that can change from moment to moment in real time, and the calorific value change determination unit 52 prepares a correlation graph. In order to determine the change in calorific value, the change in waste quality can be more accurately reflected in the control of the adjustment target (feeder 5, stoker 7, blower 9, etc.).

Although the control device 50 shown in FIG. 5 includes a calorific value calculation unit 62 and an update unit 64 as an example, the present invention is not limited to this, and these may be omitted. For example, when the type of waste is determined to some extent depending on the day or season, the user may appropriately select a correlation graph according to the type of waste.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the control device 50 according to another embodiment of the present invention. In the following, the description of the configuration common to the above-mentioned control device 50 will be omitted as appropriate.
In the control device 50 shown in FIG. 7, the storage unit 60 stores an operation amount map showing a correspondence relationship between the target steam flow rate of the boiler 15 and the calorific value change information of the waste and the adjustment value of the feeder 5. The adjustment value determination unit 54 determines the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5 from the result of the calorific value change, the target steam flow rate of the boiler 15, and the operation amount map stored in the storage unit 60. The manipulated variable map is, for example, a map calculated by thermo-fluid analysis or the like to adjust the manipulated variable of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 which are the target steam flow rates from the input of the gas temperature and the steam flow rate as a result of the calorific value change. be.
With the above configuration, the operation amount of the feeder 5 is adjusted by using the information of the target steam flow rate of the boiler 15, so that the target steam flow rate can be further achieved.

Specifically, the adjustment value determination unit 54 receives inputs of the gas temperature and the steam flow rate as a result of the calorific value change, reads out the operation amount map from the storage unit 60, and uses the feeder 5 and the feeder 5 and the operation amount map based on the operation amount map. Determine the survey value of the operation amount of the stoker 7.

By using the operation amount map, the adjustment value of the operation amount such as the feeder 5 calculated by the thermo-fluid analysis can be accurately determined, and the adjustment value of the operation amount can be given as a preceding signal, so that the steam flow rate fluctuation can be accelerated. It becomes possible to suppress it.

Further, in the control device 50 shown in FIG. 7, the storage unit 60 stores a dynamic physical model of the waste combustion device 100 instead of the operation amount map, and the adjustment value determination unit 54 stores the boiler 15. The target steam flow rate and the calorific value change information of the waste may be acquired, and the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5 may be determined from the dynamic physical model stored in the storage unit 60. That is, it is calculated via a dynamic physical model showing the action of an external force such as the feeder 5 on the components of the gas temperature and the steam flow rate as a result of the calorific value change. This physical model can be obtained from theoretical calculations.
The adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5 is calculated more accurately by a dynamic physical model from not only the information on the change in the calorific value of the waste but also the target steam flow rate of the boiler 15 and the operation amount of the feeder 5. The adjustment value of the operation amount of 5 can be determined.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a waste combustion method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, the waste combustion method according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. A case where the feeder 5 is controlled by using the control device 50 shown in FIG. 2 will be described as an example.

The waste combustion method according to one embodiment includes a stage (S1) in which the waste is charged into the hopper 3 and a combustion chamber 11 in which the waste charged in the hopper 3 is burned using the feeder 5. The change in the calorific value of the waste is determined based on the stage of supplying the waste on the stoker 7 (S2), the stage of measuring the water content of the waste (S3), and the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter 30. Step (S4), determining the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5 based on the result of the calorific value change (S5), and controlling the feeder 5 based on the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5. (S6) and.

The control device 50 specifically performs the following operations in each of the above steps S2 to S6. In step S2, the operation amount calculation unit 56 calculates the operation amount of the feeder 5 so that the steam flow rate acquired from the steam flow rate measuring device 16 matches the target steam flow rate, and the operation amount control unit 58 calculates the operation amount. The feeder 5 is operated based on the operation amount, and the waste charged into the hopper 3 is supplied onto the stoker 7 in the combustion chamber 11 that burns the waste using the feeder 5.

In step S3, the moisture meter 30 measures the water content of the waste, and the control device 50 receives the information on the measured water content of the waste. The timing for measuring the water content of the waste can be set as appropriate.

In step S4, the calorific value change determination unit 52 determines whether or not the calorific value change of the waste is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold value based on the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter 30.

In step S5, the adjustment value determination unit 54 determines the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5 based on the result of the calorific value change. If the determination result is that the calorific value change is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold value, the adjustment value determination unit 54 determines the adjustment value according to the change amount, and the calorific value change is not equal to or more than the predetermined threshold value. If the judgment result is, the adjustment value is determined as 0.

In step S6, the operation amount control unit 58 controls the operation amount of the feeder 5 based on the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5.

In the present waste combustion method, the change in the calorific value of the waste is determined based on the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter 30, and the adjusted value of the operation amount of the feeder 5 is based on the result of the calorific value change. To decide. As a result, the amount of waste input into the combustion chamber 11 can be adjusted, the amount of heat input into the combustion chamber 11 is adjusted, which contributes to the stabilization of the combustion state of the waste in the combustion chamber 11 and the stabilization of the steam flow rate. be able to. Further, the moisture content of the waste at an arbitrary position is measured by the moisture meter 30, the change in the calorific value of the waste is determined based on the measured moisture content, and the change is reflected in the control of the input amount of the waste into the combustion chamber 11. By doing so, it is possible to contribute to further stabilization of the combustion state of waste and stabilization of steam flow rate.

The waste combustion device 100 described in each embodiment is grasped as follows, for example.

(1) The waste combustion device 100 according to the first aspect is in the hopper 3 into which the waste is charged, the feeder 5 for supplying the waste charged in the hopper 3, and the combustion chamber 11 for burning the waste. The stoker 7 provided in the above, the boiler 15 that generates steam by the combustion heat generated in the combustion chamber 11, the water content meter 30 that measures the water content of the waste, and the water content of the waste measured by the water content meter 30. The calorific value change determination unit 52 that determines the calorific value change of the waste based on the above, and the adjustment value determination unit 54 that determines the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5 based on the determination result of the calorific value change, and the adjustment value. A control device 50 including an operation amount control unit 58 that controls the feeder 5 according to an adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5 determined by the determination unit 54 is provided.

In the waste combustion apparatus 100 according to the first aspect, the change in the calorific value of the waste is determined based on the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter 30, and the feeder 5 is based on the result of the calorific value change. Determine the adjustment value of the operation amount of. As a result, the amount of waste input into the combustion chamber 11 can be adjusted, the amount of heat input into the combustion chamber 11 is adjusted, which contributes to the stabilization of the combustion state of the waste in the combustion chamber 11 and the stabilization of the steam flow rate. be able to. Further, the moisture content of the waste at an arbitrary position is measured by the moisture meter 30, and the change in the calorific value of the waste is determined based on the measured moisture content to control the amount of waste input into the combustion chamber 11. By reflecting this, it is possible to contribute to further stabilization of the combustion state of waste and stabilization of steam flow rate.

(2) The waste combustion device 100 according to the second aspect is the waste combustion device 100 according to the first aspect, and is a boiler 15 that generates steam by the combustion heat generated in the combustion chamber 11 and a boiler 15. The control device 50 further includes a steam flow rate measuring device 16 for measuring the steam flow rate of the feeder 5, so that the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate measuring device 16 matches the target steam flow rate of the boiler 15. Further including the operation amount calculation unit 56 for calculating the operation amount, the operation amount control unit 58 further includes the operation amount of the feeder 5 calculated by the operation amount calculation unit 56 and the operation of the feeder 5 determined by the adjustment value determination unit 54. The feeder 5 is controlled by calculating with the adjustment value of the amount.

In the waste combustion apparatus 100 according to the second aspect, the operation amount of the feeder 5 is calculated so that the target steam flow rate of the boiler 15 and the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate measuring device 16 match, and the feeder 5 is calculated. The operation amount of the feeder 5 is adjusted based on the operation amount of the above and the result of the calorific value change based on the water amount of the waste. As a result, the operation amount of the feeder is determined so as to reach the target steam flow rate, and the operation amount is adjusted according to the water content of the waste, so that it is possible to quickly respond to the change of the target steam flow rate.

(3) The waste combustion device 100 according to the third aspect is the waste combustion device 100 according to the second aspect, and the operation amount calculation unit 56 has a steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate measuring device 16. , The operation amount of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 is calculated so as to match the target steam flow rate of the boiler 15, and the adjustment value determination unit 54 operates the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 based on the determination result of the calorific value change. The operation amount control unit 58 determines the adjustment values of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 calculated by the operation amount calculation unit 56, and the operation amount of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 determined by the adjustment value determination unit 54. The feeder 5 and the stoker 7 are controlled by calculating with the adjusted value of the quantity.

In the waste combustion apparatus 100 according to the third aspect, the operation amounts of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 are determined so that the target steam flow rate of the boiler 15 and the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate measuring instrument 16 match. The operation amount of the feeder 5 and the stoker 7 is adjusted based on the result of the calorific value change based on the water content of the waste. As a result, the feeder 5 can control the amount of waste supplied to the combustion chamber 11, that is, the amount of heat input according to the amount of water in the waste, and the combustion state of the waste can also be controlled to stabilize the steam flow rate. be able to.

(4) The waste combustion device 100 according to the fourth aspect is the waste combustion device 100 according to the first to third aspects, and the calorific value change determination unit 52 determines the amount of water in the waste. , The change in the calorific value of the waste is determined based on the difference between the water content of the waste before a predetermined time or the moving average of the water content of the waste acquired over time.

In the waste combustion apparatus 100 according to the fourth aspect, a difference occurs between the water content of the waste and the moving average of the water content of the waste before a predetermined time or the water content of the waste acquired over time. In this case, by determining the change in the calorific value of the waste, even if the quality (moisture content) of the waste changes, the adjustment target (feeder 5, stoker 7, blower 9, etc.) is adjusted based on the change in the calorific value. Can contribute to the stabilization of the combustion state and the stabilization of the steam flow rate.

(5) The waste combustion device 100 according to the fifth aspect is the waste combustion device 100 according to the first to third aspects, and the control device 50 is the water content of the waste and the waste. A storage unit 60 for storing the relationship with the calorific value is further included, and the calorific value change determination unit 52 includes the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter 30 and the water content of the waste stored in the storage unit 60. The change in the calorific value of the waste is determined based on the relationship with the calorific value of the waste.

In the waste combustion apparatus 100 according to the fifth aspect, even if the quality of the waste changes, the amount of heat input to the combustion chamber 11 is constant based on the change in the calorific value determined from the water content of the waste and the correlation graph. The feeder 5 can be controlled so as to be, and can contribute to the stabilization of the combustion state and the stabilization of the steam flow rate.

(6) The waste combustion device 100 according to the sixth aspect is the waste combustion device 100 according to the fifth aspect, and the control device 50 generates a calorific value from the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate measuring device 16. From the calorific value calculated by the calorific value calculation unit 62 and the calorific value calculation unit 62 and the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter 30, the water content of the waste stored in the storage unit 60. Further includes an update unit 64 for updating the relationship between the waste and the calorific value of the waste.

In the waste combustion apparatus 100 according to the sixth aspect, the correlation graph is updated at any time from the calorific value calculated by the calorific value calculation unit 62 and the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter 30. , The change in calorific value can be determined more according to the current situation.

(7) The waste combustion device 100 according to the seventh aspect is the waste combustion device 100 according to the first to sixth aspects, and the thermometer 12 for measuring the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 11 is used. Further, the calorific value change determination unit 52 determines the calorific value change of the waste in the combustion chamber 11 based on the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter 30 and the gas temperature measured by the thermometer 12. do.

In the waste combustion device 100 according to the seventh aspect, since the calorific value change is further determined by using the gas temperature, the calorific value change can be determined based on more information in the combustion chamber 11.

(8) The waste combustion device 100 according to the eighth aspect is the waste combustion device 100 according to the seventh aspect, and the adjustment value determination unit 54 has a gas temperature of a certain value or higher in the calorific value change determination unit 52. When it is determined that the change has occurred, at least the adjustment value of the operation amount of the stoker 7 and the adjustment value of the operation amount of the blower 9 that supplies air to the stoker 7 from below the stoker 7 arranged at the bottom in the combustion chamber 11. After determining one, the operation amount control unit 58 determines the adjustment value of the operation amount of the stoker 7 determined by the adjustment value determination unit 54 and the adjustment value of the operation amount of the blower 9 determined by the adjustment value determination unit 54. Control at least one of the stoker 7 and the blower 9 based on at least one.

In the waste combustion apparatus 100 according to the eighth aspect, when the gas temperature changes by a certain amount or more, the operation amount of the stoker 7 or the blower 9 is adjusted, so that the combustion state of the waste on the stoker 7 is controlled and burned. The state can be stabilized.

(9) The waste combustion device 100 according to the ninth aspect is the waste combustion device 100 according to the first to eighth aspects, and the stoker 7 dries the waste supplied by the feeder 5. It includes a dry grate 7a and a combustion grate 7b arranged in the wake of the dry grate 7a, and the adjustment value determination unit 54 determines the amount of water in the waste measured by the moisture meter 30. The adjustment value of the speed of the combustion grate 7b of the stoker 7 is determined, and the operation amount control unit 58 determines the adjustment value of the speed of the combustion grate 7b determined by the adjustment value determination unit 54, and the operation amount control unit 58 of the combustion grate 7b. Control the speed.

In the waste combustion apparatus 100 according to the ninth aspect, the speed of the combustion grate 7b is adjusted according to the amount of water in the waste unit 1 measured by the moisture meter 30, so that the waste is disposed of on the combustion grate 7b. The combustion state of the material can be controlled, and the complete combustion of the waste can be promoted on the combustion grate 7b.

(10) The waste combustion device 100 according to the tenth aspect is the waste combustion device 100 according to the fifth aspect, and the storage unit 60 has information on the target steam flow rate of the boiler 15 and the calorific value change information of the waste. And the operation amount map showing the correspondence relationship with the adjustment value of the feeder 5 are stored, and the adjustment value determination unit 54 stores the result of the calorific value change, the target steam flow rate of the boiler 15, and the storage unit 60. The adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5 is determined from the operation amount map.

In the waste combustion apparatus 100 according to the tenth aspect, the operation amount of the feeder 5 is based on the operation amount map showing the correspondence between the target steam flow rate of the boiler 15 and the calorific value change information of the waste and the adjustment value of the feeder 5. By determining the adjustment value of, the operation amount of the feeder 5 is adjusted by using the information of the target steam flow rate of the boiler 15, so that the target steam flow rate can be further achieved.

(11) The waste combustion device 100 according to the eleventh aspect is the waste combustion device 100 according to the fifth aspect, and the storage unit 60 stores a dynamic physical model of the waste combustion device 100. The adjustment value determination unit 54 acquires the target steam flow rate of the boiler 15 and the calorific value change information of the waste, and adjusts the operation amount of the feeder 5 from the dynamic physical model stored in the storage unit 60. decide.

In the waste combustion apparatus 100 according to the eleventh aspect, by calculating the adjusted value of the manipulated variable of the feeder 5 by a dynamic physical model, the adjusted value of the manipulated variable of the feeder 5 can be determined more accurately.

(12) The waste burning device 100 according to the twelfth aspect is the waste burning device 100 according to the first aspect, and the moisture meter 30 is located near the inlet or the outlet of the hopper 3 into which the waste is charged. Install and measure the water content of the waste.

In the waste combustion device 100 according to the twelfth aspect, by installing the moisture meter 30 near the inlet of the hopper 3, it is possible to measure the water content of the waste immediately after being supplied to the hopper 3. Further, by installing the moisture meter 30 near the outlet of the hopper 3, it is possible to measure the moisture content of the waste immediately before being supplied to the combustion chamber 11, and the moisture content of the waste supplied to the stoker 7 can be measured before combustion. It becomes possible to grasp.

(13) The waste combustion method according to the thirteenth aspect is a stage S1 in which the waste is charged into the hopper 3 and a combustion chamber in which the waste charged in the hopper 3 is burned using the feeder 5. A step S2 for supplying onto the stoker 7 in 11, a step S3 for measuring the amount of water in the waste, and a step for determining a change in the calorific value of the waste based on the amount of water in the waste measured by the moisture meter 30. S4 includes a step S5 for determining an adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5 based on a determination result of a change in calorific value, and a step S6 for controlling the feeder 5 based on the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder 5. ..

In the waste combustion method according to the thirteenth aspect, the change in the calorific value of the waste is determined based on the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter 30, and the feeder 5 is based on the result of the calorific value change. Determine the adjustment value of the operation amount. As a result, the amount of waste input into the combustion chamber 11 can be adjusted, the amount of heat input into the combustion chamber 11 is adjusted, which contributes to the stabilization of the combustion state of the waste in the combustion chamber 11 and the stabilization of the steam flow rate. be able to. Further, the water content of the waste at an arbitrary position is measured by the moisture meter 30, the change in the calorific value is determined based on the measured water content, and the change is reflected in the control of the input amount of the waste into the combustion chamber 11. Therefore, it can contribute to further stabilization of the combustion state of waste and stabilization of steam flow rate.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes a modification of the above-mentioned embodiment and a combination of these embodiments as appropriate.

3 Hopper 5 Feeder 7 Stoker 8 Blower 9 Blower 11 Combustion chamber 13 Ash outlet 15 Boiler 16 Steam flow rate measuring instrument 17 Heat-reducing tower 19 Dust collector 21 Chimney 30 Moisture meter 50 Control device 52 Calorific value change determination unit 54 Adjustment value determination unit 56 Operation amount calculation unit 58 Operation amount control unit 60 Storage unit 62 Calorific value calculation unit 64 Update unit 100 Waste combustion device

Claims (9)

The hopper where waste is put in, and
A feeder that supplies the waste charged into the hopper, and
A stoker installed in the combustion chamber that burns the waste,
A moisture meter that measures the moisture content of the waste supplied to the feeder, and
Equipped with a control device,
The control device is
A calorific value change determination unit that determines a change in the calorific value of the waste based on the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter.
An adjustment value determination unit that determines an adjustment value for the operation amount of the feeder based on the determination result of the calorific value change,
An operation amount control unit that controls the feeder based on the adjustment value,
Including
A boiler that generates steam by the heat of combustion generated in the combustion chamber,
A steam flow rate measuring instrument that measures the steam flow rate of the boiler,
Further prepare
The control device further includes an operation amount calculation unit that calculates an operation amount of the feeder so that the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate measuring device matches the target steam flow rate of the boiler.
The operation amount control unit controls the feeder by calculating the operation amount of the feeder calculated by the operation amount calculation unit and the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder determined by the adjustment value determination unit. death,
The control device further includes a storage unit that stores the relationship between the water content of the waste and the calorific value of the waste.
The calorific value change determination unit is based on the relationship between the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter, the water content of the waste stored in the storage unit, and the calorific value of the waste. Judging the change in the calorific value of an object,
The control device is
A calorific value calculation unit that calculates the calorific value from the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate measuring instrument, and
Relationship between the calorific value of the waste stored in the storage unit and the calorific value of the waste from the calorific value calculated by the calorific value calculation unit and the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter. Including the update part, which updates
Waste combustion equipment. The operation amount calculation unit calculates the operation amount of the feeder and the stoker so that the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate measuring device matches the target steam flow rate of the boiler.
The adjustment value determination unit determines the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder and the stoker based on the determination result of the calorific value change, respectively.
The waste according to claim 1 , wherein the operation amount control unit calculates an adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder and the stalker calculated by the operation amount calculation unit, and controls the feeder and the stalker, respectively. Combustion device. Further equipped with a thermometer for measuring the gas temperature in the combustion chamber,
The calorific value change determination unit determines the calorific value change of the waste in the combustion chamber based on the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter and the gas temperature measured by the thermometer. The waste combustion device according to claim 1 or 2 . When the adjustment value determination unit determines that the gas temperature has changed by a certain amount or more in the calorific value change determination unit, the adjustment value of the operation amount of the stoker and the lower part of the stoker arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber Determine at least one of the adjustment values for the operating amount of the blower that supplies air to the stoker.
The operation amount control unit is based on at least one of the adjustment value of the operation amount of the stalker determined by the adjustment value determination unit and the adjustment value of the operation amount of the blower determined by the adjustment value determination unit. , The waste combustion apparatus according to claim 3 , which controls at least one of the stoker and the blower. The stoker comprises a dry grate that dries the waste supplied by the feeder and a combustion grate that is placed in the wake of the dry grate.
The adjustment value determination unit determines an adjustment value for the speed of the combustion grate of the stoker according to the water content of the waste measured by the moisture meter.
The operation amount control unit is described in any one of claims 1 to 4 for controlling the speed of the combustion grate based on the adjustment value of the speed of the combustion grate determined by the adjustment value determination unit. Waste burning equipment. The storage unit stores an operation amount map showing a correspondence relationship between the target steam flow rate of the boiler, the calorific value change information of the waste, and the adjustment value of the feeder.
The adjustment value determination unit determines the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder from the result of the calorific value change, the target steam flow rate of the boiler, and the operation amount map stored in the storage unit. The waste combustion device according to any one of the above. The storage unit stores a dynamic physical model of the waste combustion device.
The adjustment value determination unit acquires the target steam flow rate of the boiler and the calorific value change information of the waste, and determines the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder from the dynamic physical model stored in the storage unit. The waste combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6 . The waste combustion device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the moisture meter is installed near the inlet or outlet of the hopper into which the waste is put, and measures the moisture content of the waste. At the input stage where waste is input to the hopper,
A supply stage in which the waste charged into the hopper is supplied onto a stoker in a combustion chamber for burning the waste using a feeder.
The measurement stage for measuring the water content of the waste and
A determination step for determining a change in the calorific value of the waste based on the water content of the waste measured in the measurement stage.
A determination step of determining the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder based on the determination result of the calorific value change, and
A control step that controls the feeder based on the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder, and
The steam generation stage where steam is generated in the boiler by the combustion heat generated in the combustion chamber, and
The steam flow rate measurement stage in which the steam flow rate of the boiler is measured by a steam flow rate measuring instrument, and
An operation amount calculation step for calculating the operation amount of the feeder so that the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate measuring device matches the target steam flow rate of the boiler.
Equipped with
The control step controls the feeder by calculating the operation amount of the feeder calculated in the operation amount calculation step and the adjustment value of the operation amount of the feeder determined in the determination step.
Further provided with a storage stage for storing the relationship between the water content of the waste and the calorific value of the waste.
The determination step generates heat of the waste based on the relationship between the water content of the waste measured in the measurement step, the water content of the waste stored in the storage stage, and the calorific value of the waste. Judging the amount change,
The calorific value calculation stage for calculating the calorific value from the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate measuring instrument, and
Relationship between the calorific value of the waste stored in the storage stage and the calorific value of the waste from the calorific value calculated in the calorific value calculation stage and the water content of the waste measured in the measurement stage. Renewal stage, and further equipped with waste burning method.

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