KR20240010034A - Control device for incinerator equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

A control device for stabilizing combustion of an incinerator facility is provided. The control device of the incinerator facility is a control device of the incinerator facility, which has a furnace body that conveys the incinerated material while burning it, and a combustion air supply unit that supplies combustion air to the furnace, and includes the supply amount of the incinerated material supplied to the furnace or It is provided with a combustion air control unit that controls the combustion air based on the calorific value before the incinerated material is introduced into the furnace.

Description

Control device for incinerator equipment

This disclosure relates to a control device for incinerator equipment. This disclosure claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-147752 filed in Japan on September 10, 2021, and the content is incorporated herein by reference.

Generally, a hopper is installed in a waste incineration facility, and the waste put into the hopper by a crane is sequentially supplied to the incinerator by a waste supply device disposed below the hopper. In Patent Document 1, the specific gravity of the waste is calculated from the volume and weight of the waste fed into the hopper of the waste incineration facility, and the supply weight of the waste supplied into the incinerator is calculated by multiplying the supply volume of the waste by the specific gravity of the waste, Additionally, a control device is disclosed that calculates the amount of heat input from the supplied weight of the waste and supplies and controls the waste into an incinerator so that the heat input per unit time becomes constant.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 6779779

In Patent Document 1, the range of time required from input to the hopper to supply to the incinerator (for example, 1 to 2 hours) is set, and the supply weight of the waste in the incinerator is set at the set time from that point. It is calculated by multiplying the average value of the specific gravity of waste put into the hopper in the past by the supply volume of waste within the range of . In order to stabilize the combustion state in the furnace, it is desirable to more accurately estimate the supply amount of waste or a control amount instead of it, and proactively perform control according to the estimated supply amount, etc.

The present disclosure provides a control device for an incinerator facility that can solve the problems described above.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the control device is a control device of an incinerator facility having a furnace for conveying the incinerated material while burning it, and a combustion air supply unit for supplying combustion air to the furnace, wherein the incinerated material is supplied to the furnace. Based on the supply amount or calorific value of water, a combustion air control unit that controls the combustion air before the incinerated object is introduced into the furnace, detects a change in the height of the incinerated object in the hopper by three-dimensional measurement, and Based on the change in the height of the incinerated object, the volume of the incinerated object introduced into the hopper is calculated, the density is calculated from the weight and the volume of the incinerated object introduced into the hopper, and supplied to the furnace in a certain period of time in the past. A correlation comparison is made between the calorific value estimated from the density of the incinerated object and the calorific value actually measured, the residence time from when the incinerated object is input into the hopper until it is supplied to the furnace is estimated, and the incinerated object is estimated. Based on the consolidation of water, the distribution of the incinerated material in the hopper, and the ratio of the incinerated material supplied into the furnace, a calculation unit is provided to calculate the supply amount or calorific value of the incinerated material supplied into the furnace after the residence time, , the combustion air control unit determines the combustion air based on the supply amount or calorific value of the incinerated material a predetermined time before the residence time estimated by the calculation unit elapses after the incinerated material is introduced into the hopper. perform control.

According to the above-mentioned control device for the incinerator facility, the combustion state in the furnace of the waste incineration facility can be stabilized.

1 is a diagram showing an example of a waste incineration facility according to each embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the second embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the third embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a first diagram illustrating the estimation process for the calorific value of waste, etc., according to the fourth embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a second diagram explaining the estimation process for the calorific value of waste, etc., according to the fourth embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a third diagram explaining the estimation process for the calorific value of waste, etc., according to the fourth embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a control device related to each embodiment.

Hereinafter, a waste incineration facility of an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same symbols are assigned to components having the same or similar functions. Additionally, overlapping descriptions of the components may be omitted. “XX or YY” is not limited to either XX or YY, and may also include both XX and YY. This is the same even when there are three or more optional elements. “XX” and “YY” are arbitrary elements (for example, arbitrary information).

(System Configuration)

1 is a diagram showing an example of a waste incineration facility according to each embodiment.

The waste incineration facility 100 includes a hopper (1) into which waste is put, a chute (2) that guides the waste put into the hopper (1) to the bottom, and a combustion chamber (6) for waste supplied through the chute (2). a feeder (10) for supplying the waste inside, a grate (3) for receiving the waste supplied by the feeder (10) and performing drying and combustion while transporting the waste, a combustion chamber (6) for burning the waste, and a combustion chamber (6) for discharging the ash. An ash outlet (7), a blower (4) for supplying air, a plurality of bellows (5A to 5E) for guiding the air supplied by the blower (4) to each part of the grate (3), and a blower (4) of the pipe (14) that directly supplies the air supplied by the combustion chamber (6) (secondary combustion chamber (6B)), the boiler (9), the crane (17) that transports the waste, and the hopper (1). It is provided with a sensor 15 that detects the surface of the waste from above and an image sensor 16 that photographs the inside of the combustion chamber 6.

The crane 17 catches the garbage from a garbage pit (not shown), transports it, and puts it into the hopper 1. The crane 17 is provided with a weighing scale 17a. The weigher 17a measures the weight of the waste transported by the crane 17. The weight meter 17a is connected to the control device 20, and the weight measured by the weight meter 17a, that is, the weight of the waste thrown into the hopper 1, is transmitted to the control device 20. A sensor 15 is installed above the hopper 1 to detect the entire surface of the waste accumulated in the hopper 1. The sensor 15 is formed to detect the volume of waste fed into the hopper 1 and the height of the waste accumulated in the hopper 1 and the chute 2. The sensor 15 is, for example, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) device. LiDAR is a technology that irradiates a laser beam while scanning an object and measures the distance or direction to the object based on the brightness of the reflected light. With LiDAR, the distance from the sensor 15 can be measured for the entire surface of the accumulated garbage by scanning and irradiating the entire surface of the accumulated garbage with laser light. Thereby, the height of the waste accumulated in the hopper 1 and the chute 2 can be detected. From the difference in the height of the waste before and after dropping the waste into the hopper 1 from the crane 17, the volume of the waste dropped into the hopper 1 can be calculated. The sensor 15 is connected to the control device 20, and the measured values measured by the sensor 15 are transmitted to the control device 20.

The feeder 10 is a waste supply device that supplies waste to the grate 3 by extruding the waste supplied through the chute 2. The feeder 10 repeats the operation of extruding the waste toward the combustion chamber 6 and the operation of returning it to the original position. The control device 20 adjusts the amount of waste supplied to the combustion chamber 6 by controlling the extruding and returning operations of the feeder 10. The grate 3 is formed at the bottom of the chute 2 and the combustion chamber 6 to convey waste. The grate 3 includes a drying area 3A, which evaporates and dries the moisture of the waste supplied by the feeder 10, and a combustion area 3B, which is located downstream of the drying area 3A and combusts the dried waste. and a post-combustion zone 3C, which is located downstream of the combustion zone 3B and combusts unburned components such as fixed carbon components that have passed through without being burned until they become ash. By controlling the control device 20, the operating speed of the grate 3 is controlled.

The blower 4 is formed below the grate 3 and supplies air to each part of the grate 3 via bellows 5A to 5E. A branch pipe connecting the pipe 8 and each of the bellows 5A to 5E is connected to the pipe 8 that guides the air sent by the blower 4 to the bellows 5A to 5E, and each of the branch pipes is equipped with a damper 8A. to 8E) is formed, and by adjusting the opening degree of the dampers 8A to 8E, the flow rate of combustion air supplied to the bellows 5A to 5E can be adjusted. The control device 20 controls the blowing amount (rotation speed) of the blower 4 and the opening degrees of the dampers 8A to 8E. Dampers 8A to 8E may be collectively referred to as primary combustion air dampers.

The combustion chamber 6 is above the grate 3 and consists of a primary combustion chamber 6A and a secondary combustion chamber 6B, and the boiler 9 is arranged downstream of the combustion chamber 6. The primary combustion chamber 6A is formed above the grate 3, and the secondary combustion chamber 6B is formed further above the primary combustion chamber 6A. In the primary combustion chamber 6A, waste is burned, and the pyrolysis gas generated in the primary combustion chamber 6A is mixed with secondary combustion air and sent to the secondary combustion chamber 6B, where the pyrolysis gas is mixed with secondary combustion air. Burns unburned components in the gas. A pipe 14 connecting the blower 4 and the secondary combustion chamber 6B is connected to the secondary combustion chamber 6B of the combustion chamber 6, and the damper 14A formed in the pipe 14 is opened and closed. , air can be supplied to the secondary combustion chamber (6B). The control device 20 controls the opening degree of the damper 14A. The damper 14A is sometimes described as an air damper for secondary combustion. An image sensor 16 is installed at a position where the waste supplied to the combustion chamber 6 can be photographed. The image sensor 16 is connected to the control device 20, and the image captured by the image sensor 16 is transmitted to the control device 20. The image sensor 16 is, for example, an infrared camera. In the example of FIG. 1, the image sensor 16 is formed at a position to photograph the supply of waste from the front in the horizontal direction, but for example, the image sensor 16 is positioned to photograph the state of waste being supplied into the combustion chamber 6 from above. It may be formed in . The combustion chamber 6 is provided with a temperature sensor 18 that measures the temperature within the combustion chamber 6. The temperature sensor 18 is connected to the control device 20, and the temperature inside the furnace measured by the temperature sensor 18 is transmitted to the control device 20. The combustion chamber 6 is provided with an oxygen concentration sensor 19 that measures the oxygen concentration within the combustion chamber 6. The oxygen concentration sensor 19 is connected to the control device 20, and the oxygen concentration in the furnace measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 19 is transmitted to the control device 20.

The boiler 9 generates steam by exchanging heat with the exhaust gas sent from the combustion chamber 6 and the water circulating within the boiler 9. Steam is supplied to a turbine for power generation, not shown, through a pipe 13. A steam flow rate sensor 11 that detects the flow rate of steam is provided in the pipe 13. The steam flow sensor 11 is connected to the control device 20, and the main steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11 is transmitted to the control device 20. For example, the control device 20 controls the operation of the feeder 10, the air damper for primary combustion, and the air damper for secondary combustion so that the main steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11 becomes a predetermined target value. Controls the opening degree of. A flue 12 is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the boiler 9, and the exhaust gas whose heat is recovered from the boiler 9 passes through the flue 12 to an exhaust gas treatment facility (not shown). After passing, it is discharged to the outside.

The control device 20 includes a data acquisition unit 21, a garbage height calculation unit 22, an image estimation unit 23, a supply quantity estimation unit 24, a judgment unit 25, and a control unit 26. ) and a memory unit 27.

The data acquisition unit 21 acquires various data such as measured values measured by each sensor 11, 14a, 15, 16, 17a, 18, and 19 and user instruction values. For example, the data acquisition unit 21 acquires the measured value of the main steam flow rate measured by the steam flow rate sensor 11.

The garbage height calculation unit 22 calculates the height of the garbage at each position on the surface of the garbage accumulated in the hopper 1 and the chute 2 based on the distance to the surface of the garbage detected by the sensor 15. Calculate. The height of the garbage is the height based on the predetermined position of the chute 2.

The image estimation unit 23 analyzes the image captured by the image sensor 16 and estimates the supply amount (volume, weight) and heat generation value (LHV: Lower Heating Value) of the waste supplied into the furnace by the feeder 10. do. For example, the image estimation unit 23 compares images taken before and after the feeder 10 performs the operation of extruding garbage, extracts the image area where the extruded garbage is captured, and Based on the shape, area, and extrusion amount of the feeder 10, the volume of waste supplied into the furnace is estimated. Alternatively, the image estimation unit 23 estimates the volume of the garbage based on the extracted image area and an estimation model constructed by learning the relationship between the image area where the extruded garbage is captured and the supply amount of the garbage. The image estimation unit 23 calculates the weight of the waste supplied into the furnace by multiplying the estimated volume by the density calculated by a calculation method described later. Additionally, the image estimation unit 23 estimates the calorific value (LHV) from the weight of the waste supplied into the furnace, based on a predetermined conversion formula. Typically, in a waste incineration facility, the density and calorific value of the trash are sampled, the relationship between the two is analyzed, and a conversion equation is derived to calculate the calorific value from the density of the trash, depending on the type of trash treated in the incineration facility. The image estimation unit 23 uses this conversion formula to estimate the calorific value from the weight of the waste obtained from image analysis. Control using the image estimation unit 23 will be described in the third embodiment.

The supply amount estimation unit 24 calculates the volume change of the waste in the hopper 1 based on the change in the height of the waste calculated by the waste height calculation unit 22. The supply amount estimation unit 24 estimates the supply amount of waste in the furnace per unit time based on the change in the volume of waste in the hopper 1. The supply amount estimation unit 24 estimates the density and moisture content of the waste supplied into the furnace based on the distribution of the waste in the hopper 1 and the chute 2 and the residence time ΔT of the waste in the hopper 1. And, for example, estimate the calorific value of waste supplied to the furnace in the future by the residence time. The supply amount estimation unit 24 estimates the supply amount and/or heat generation amount of the waste supplied when the feeder 10 is operated after the current or next time, before the waste is actually supplied into the furnace. In this way, before the waste is supplied to the combustion chamber 6, control of the primary combustion air supplied into the combustion chamber 6, etc. can be performed in advance. Details of the estimation process of the supply amount and heat generation amount of waste by the supply amount estimation unit 24 are described in the fourth embodiment.

The judgment unit 25 determines whether to perform advance control to stabilize the combustion state in the furnace based on the supply amount and/or heat generation amount of waste estimated by the supply amount estimation unit 24. The judgment unit 25 determines whether the combustion state in the furnace has become stable as a result of the preceding control.

The control unit 26 controls the operation of the feeder 10, the opening degree of the primary combustion air damper (dampers 8A to 8E) and the secondary combustion air damper (damper 14A), etc. The control unit 26 performs advance control of the primary combustion air damper and feeder 10 based on the judgment of the judgment unit 25. During advance control, especially for primary combustion air, stabilization of combustion can be achieved by controlling the supply amount to an appropriate amount in advance so as not to advance excessively.

The storage unit 27 stores the measured values acquired by the data acquisition unit 21 and information necessary for control, such as a conversion equation for calculating the calorific value from the density of the waste.

<First embodiment>

With reference to FIG. 2, processing (control of supply of primary combustion air) related to the first embodiment will be described.

(movement)

Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the first embodiment.

The control device 20 executes the following processing (preemptive control) at predetermined time intervals.

The data acquisition unit 21 acquires the measured value of the sensor 15 and outputs it to the garbage height calculation unit 22. The garbage height calculation unit 22 stores the measured value of the sensor 15, that is, the information on the distance from the sensor 15 to the garbage surface of the hopper 1, in the hopper 1 at that point in time. Calculate the height of the trash. The garbage height calculation unit 22 outputs the height of the garbage every predetermined time to the supply amount estimation unit 24. The supply amount estimation unit 24 estimates the supply amount and/or heat generation amount of waste (step S1). For example, the supply amount estimation unit 24 calculates the supply amount of trash supplied to the combustion chamber 6 per unit time from the change in the height of the trash (decrease in height) per unit time. The supply quantity estimation unit 24 calculates the density of the waste from the volume and weight of the waste measured when the waste is put into the hopper 1, and assumes that this waste is supplied after the residence time ΔT calculated by a predetermined method. Calculate the calorific value of At this time, the supply amount estimation unit 24 determines the density of the waste supplied after the residence time ΔT based on the distribution situation of the waste fed into the hopper 1 and the different timings at different timings in the hopper 1 and the chute 2. The rate at which the waste input from the furnace is supplied into the furnace at the same time, and at what timing the waste input will move to the lower part of the chute (2) and be compressed (consolidation) by the weight of the waste input later, etc. are supplied into the furnace. Estimate the density of waste (details are described in the fourth embodiment). The supply amount estimation unit 24 outputs the estimated supply amount and calorific value of waste to the judgment unit 25.

Next, the judgment unit 25 determines whether the supply amount of waste per unit time and/or the calorific value of waste supplied after residence time ΔT has increased by a certain amount or more (step S2). For example, the determination unit 25 compares the last estimated supply amount with the current estimated supply amount to determine whether the supply amount has increased by a certain amount or more, and compares the last time estimated calorific value with the current estimated calorific value to determine the supply amount. Determine whether it has increased beyond this certain level. For example, the control unit 26 continues control as is when the supply amount and the calorific value of waste increase by a certain amount or more, or when at least one of the supply amount and the calorific value increases by a certain amount (Step S2: Yes). , it is determined that an excessive combustion state has occurred, and the control unit 26 is instructed to execute advance control to suppress the combustion state. The control unit 26 proactively performs control to reduce the supply amount of primary combustion air (step S3). For example, the control unit 26 reduces the opening degrees of the dampers 8A to 8E to reduce the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 6. At this time, the control unit 26 may only reduce the opening degree of the damper 8A in order to reduce the amount of air supplied to the drying area 3A, and reduce the amount of air supplied to the drying area 3A and the combustion area 3B. To achieve this, the opening degrees of the dampers 8A to 8C may be reduced. The control unit 26 may reduce the rotational speed of the blower 4 in addition to/instead of reducing the opening degree of the damper 8A, etc.

The decrease in the opening degree of the dampers 8A to 8E and the decrease in the rotation speed of the blower 4 are estimated in step S1, for example, based on a function that defines the relationship between the control amount and the supply amount and/or the heat generation amount. It may be determined according to the supply amount or calorific value of one waste. The control unit 26 may perform control to reduce the opening degree of the damper 8A or the like and the rotation speed of the blower 4 only for a predetermined period of time until the supply amount and/or heat generation amount of waste per unit time becomes constant. Control of the damper (8A), etc. may continue to be performed.

Regarding the timing to start reducing the opening of the damper 8A, etc., or lowering the rotation speed of the blower 4, (1), for example, the estimation in step S1 is calculated from the change in the height of the garbage measured by LiDAR at every moment. If the supply amount (volume or weight) of waste is based on the volume change, advance control may be started immediately after the judgment in step S2 (since the latest volume decrease can be regarded as the supply amount inputted into the furnace immediately before, Starting proactive control at this timing means that control is started immediately according to the supply amount of waste actually put into the furnace. It is proactive control compared to conventional feedback control.) (2) If what is estimated in step S1 is the calorific value, the calorific value can be estimated according to the supply amount of waste supplied into the furnace after the residence time ΔT after being put into the hopper 1, as described later in the fourth embodiment. there is. If the description format is changed, it becomes possible to know the timing (after residence time ΔT) from the time the waste is put into the hopper 1 to being supplied into the furnace. In this way, it is possible to know the calorific value of the waste that will be supplied into the furnace in the near future at a point in time before the waste is expected to be supplied into the furnace. For example, the determination in step S2 is made a predetermined time before the supply timing. and may start advance control according to the determination result. The waste that will be supplied into the furnace in the near future referred to here is the waste that exists in pattern 1 in Figs. 6 and 7, which will be described later. If the advance control of step S3 is started a predetermined time before the supply timing, the advance control is started before the actual input of waste into the furnace. Alternatively, the determination in step S2 may be performed in accordance with the supply timing of the waste estimated based on the residence time ΔT (for example, simultaneously with supply to immediately after supply), and advance control may be started immediately thereafter. In this case, as in the case of the supply amount of waste explained in (1), advance control is started immediately before or after the waste is introduced into the furnace. (The supply amount of waste is not limited to the embodiment in which the decision in step S2 is made based on the actual value of the supply amount of waste based on the change in the height of the waste explained in (1), and the decision in step S2 is made based on a prior estimate. , and thereafter, advance control can be started. In short, as in the case of calorific value, next, when the pusher 10 is extruded, the volume or weight of the waste existing at the position to be supplied into the furnace (i.e. It is possible to estimate the supply amount of waste that will be supplied into the furnace in the near future and start control before the waste is actually supplied into the furnace. For example, after the residence time ΔT of the waste fed into the hopper 1, Figure 6 , it is assumed that it reaches the position of pattern 1 illustrated in Fig. 7. Then, the volume and weight of the waste occupied in pattern 1 are calculated, and shortly before the waste is expected to be supplied into the furnace, the calculated supply amount of waste is delivered to the future. It may be assumed that the waste will be supplied into the furnace in a little while, and the determination of step S2 may be performed a predetermined time before the supply timing.) In other words, it can be estimated that the waste is supplied into the furnace after the residence time ΔT after the waste is put into the hopper 1. If possible, advance control does not necessarily have to wait until just before the waste is introduced into the furnace, and advance control can be started earlier. The timing at which advance control starts can be arbitrarily adjusted depending on the type of equipment or waste, etc. In general, for example, the supply amount of air for primary combustion is often feedback controlled so that the main steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11 is constant. However, compared to such conventional control, the waste is removed at an early stage. Since the air for primary combustion can be controlled according to the supply amount or calorific value, the state (atmosphere) of the air in the combustion chamber 6 can be adjusted in advance to correspond to the supply amount or calorific value of the waste, and as a result, , the combustion state can be stabilized. This is the same for step S7 (when increasing the supply amount of primary combustion air) described later.

The control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 to supply waste into the furnace (step S4). For example, the control unit 26 calculates the extrusion amount of the feeder 10 at which the main steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11 becomes a predetermined target value, and moves the feeder 10 by the calculated extrusion amount. order to supply waste into the furnace. The order of steps S3 and S4 shown in FIG. 2 is for convenience, and the control unit 26 performs control to reduce the supply amount of primary combustion air and control to supply waste into the furnace in parallel. Next, the judgment unit 25 acquires the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 through the data acquisition unit 21. The judgment unit 25 determines whether the gas temperature in the furnace continues to be within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or more (step S5). When the gas temperature in the furnace falls within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or more (Step S5; Yes), the control unit 26 ends the advance control (advance supply of primary combustion air) related to the first embodiment. If the gas temperature in the furnace continues for a certain period of time or longer and does not fall within the predetermined range (step S5; No), the control unit 26 repeats the process from step S3.

In the determination of Step S2, if the supply amount of waste per unit time, etc. has not increased beyond a certain level (Step S2; No), the judgment unit 25 determines the supply amount of waste per unit time and/or the amount of waste supplied after the residence time ΔT. It is determined whether the calorific value has decreased beyond a certain level (step S6). The control unit 26 determines that if the supply amount and the calorific value of the waste decrease by a certain amount or more, or if one of the supply amount and the calorific value decreases by a certain amount or more (step S6: Yes), if control is continued as is, the combustion condition will worsen. · It is judged to be deteriorating, and the control unit 26 is instructed to execute advance control in order to promote combustion in the furnace. The control unit 26 performs control to increase the supply amount of air for primary combustion (step S7). For example, the control unit 26 increases the opening degree of the dampers 8A to 8E to increase the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber 6. At this time, the control unit 26 may only increase the opening degree of the damper 8A to increase the amount of air supplied to the drying area 3A, and increase the amount of air supplied to the drying area 3A and the combustion area 3B. To achieve this, the opening degree of the dampers 8A to 8C may be increased. The control unit 26 may increase the rotation speed of the blower 4 in addition to/instead of increasing the opening degree of the damper 8A, etc.

The amount of increase in the opening degree of the damper 8A, etc. and the amount of increase in the rotation speed of the blower 4 are based on the supply amount and heat generation amount of the waste estimated in step S1 based on functions that define the relationship between these control amounts and the supply amount and/or heat generation amount. Therefore, it may be decided. The control unit 26 may perform control to increase the opening degree of the damper 8A or the rotation speed of the blower 4 only for a predetermined period of time, until the supply amount and/or heat generation amount of waste per unit time becomes constant. Control of the damper (8A), etc. may continue to be performed. As explained in Step S3, the increase in the opening degree of the damper 8A, etc. and the increase in the rotation speed of the blower 4 are started prior to the actual supply of waste or at a timing just before or after the supply of waste. The control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 to supply waste into the furnace (step S8). For example, the control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 based on the main steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11. The order of steps S7 and S8 shown in FIG. 2 is for convenience, and the control unit 26 performs control to increase the supply amount of primary combustion air and control to supply waste into the furnace in parallel. Next, the judgment unit 25 acquires the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 through the data acquisition unit 21. The judgment unit 25 determines whether the gas temperature in the furnace is within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or more (step S9). When the gas temperature in the furnace falls within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or more (step S9; Yes), the control unit 26 ends the advance control (advance supply of primary combustion air) related to the first embodiment. If the gas temperature in the furnace does not fall within the predetermined range for more than a certain period of time (step S9; No), the control unit 26 repeats the process from step S7.

In Step S6, if the supply amount of waste per unit time and/or the calorific value of the waste supplied after the residence time ΔT has not decreased by a certain amount (Step S6; No), in other words, if the change in the supply amount of waste per unit time, etc. is within a certain range. , return to step S1. When step S6 determines No, the control unit 26 controls the opening degree of the damper 8A and the like and the feeder 10 so that the main steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11 becomes the target value, for example. Do. Control of the feeder 10 is the same as the control of steps S4 and S8.

In the flow chart of FIG. 2, in steps S2 and S6, the supply amount of primary combustion air is controlled only when the supply amount or calorific value of waste is above or below a certain level. However, such determination is not made and the supply amount of waste and/or Alternatively, the relationship between the calorific value and the supply amount of air for primary combustion is expressed as a predetermined function, and based on this function and the supply amount and/or the calorific value estimated in step S1, the damper 8A, etc. or the blower 4 is always used. You can control it.

According to the first embodiment, before the waste is supplied to the combustion chamber 6, the supply amount of air for primary combustion is adjusted according to the supply amount and calorific value of the waste estimated in advance. Thereby, an atmosphere can be created that stabilizes the combustion state of the combustion chamber 6, and generation of CO and NOx can be suppressed.

＜Second Embodiment＞

Next, with reference to FIG. 3, processing (control of primary combustion air and waste supply amount) related to the second embodiment will be described. In the second embodiment, in addition to the primary combustion air, the supply amount of waste supplied into the combustion chamber 6 is proactively controlled based on the waste supply amount and an estimate of the heat generation amount.

(movement)

Fig. 3 is a first flow chart showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the second embodiment. Processes that are the same as those in the first embodiment will be briefly described using the same symbols.

The control device 20 executes the following processing (preemptive control) at predetermined time intervals.

First, the supply amount estimation unit 24 estimates the supply amount and/or heat generation amount of the garbage based on the garbage height measured by LiDAR, etc. (Step S1). The supply amount estimation unit 24 outputs the estimated supply amount and calorific value of waste to the judgment unit 25.

Next, the judgment unit 25 determines whether the supply amount of waste per unit time and/or the calorific value of waste supplied after residence time ΔT has increased by a certain amount or more (step S2). When the supply amount and/or calorific value of waste increases beyond a certain level (step S2; Yes), the control unit 26 proactively performs control to reduce the supply amount of primary combustion air (step S3). The control unit 26 reduces the supply amount of air for primary combustion by reducing the opening degrees of the dampers 8A to 8E or reducing the rotation speed of the blower 4.

In parallel with this, the control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 to supply waste into the furnace, but reduces the amount of waste supplied into the furnace to suppress excessive combustion (step S41). For example, the control unit 26 reduces the amount of waste supplied to the combustion chamber 6 by reducing the extrusion amount (stroke) of the feeder 10. Alternatively, the control unit 26 may reduce the supply amount of waste by lowering the moving speed of the feeder 10 and reducing the supply amount of waste supplied to the combustion chamber 6, or by reducing both the extrusion amount and the moving speed. do. The control unit 26 may reduce (temporarily stop) the supply amount of waste by stopping the feeder 10. For example, the control unit 26 may extrude only half of the feeder 10 as usual, supply approximately half of the waste, and stop the feeder 10 at that position for a predetermined period of time. For example, the control unit 26 may use a function that defines the relationship between the extrusion amount and movement speed of the feeder 10 and the supply amount and/or heat generation value of the waste, and the supply amount and heat generation value of the waste estimated in step S1, The feeder 10 may be controlled.

The control unit 26 may reduce the stroke of the feeder 10, reduce the moving speed, etc. for only a predetermined period of time, and may control the feeder 10 until the supply amount and/or the heat generation amount per unit time becomes constant. You may continue to run .

Regarding the timing of reducing the supply amount of garbage, the timing is closer to the supply of the target garbage (garbage for which the judgment of step S2 is Yes) than the timing of starting the control of step S3, or at the time of supply of the garbage (residence time ΔT After) execute. For example, in step S1, the supply amount (volume or weight) of the waste is estimated based on the volume change calculated from the change in the height of the waste measured by LiDAR at every moment, and this estimate is considered to be the supply amount of the waste supplied into the furnace this time. In this case, advance control may be started immediately after the determination in step S2.

When the calorific value estimated in step S1 is the calorific value, it is possible to estimate the calorific value according to the supply amount of the waste supplied into the furnace after the residence time ΔT from input to the hopper 1, as described in the fourth embodiment. Shortly before it is expected to be supplied into the furnace, the calorific value of the waste that will be supplied into the furnace in the future can be known. Therefore, the determination of step S2 is made in advance based on the calorific value of the waste that will be supplied into the furnace in the near future, and the advance control of step S3 is performed according to the determination result, so that it is later than the start timing of the control of step S3, and Control to reduce the amount of waste supplied into the furnace may be started a predetermined time before the waste supply timing (or simultaneously with the supply timing). In general, the supply amount of air for primary combustion or the supply amount of waste is often feedback controlled so that the main steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11 is constant. However, compared to such control, the primary combustion Since the supply amount of air and waste can be controlled, the combustion state in the combustion chamber 6 can be stabilized. This is the same for steps S7 and S81 described later.

Next, the judgment unit 25 acquires the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 through the data acquisition unit 21. The judgment unit 25 determines whether the gas temperature in the furnace continues to be within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or more (step S5). When the gas temperature in the furnace falls within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or more (Step S5; Yes), the control unit 26 ends the advance control of the supply amount of primary combustion air and refuse according to the second embodiment. If the gas temperature in the furnace does not fall within the predetermined range for more than a certain period of time (step S5; No), the control unit 26 repeats the process from step S3.

If the supply amount of waste per unit time, etc. does not increase by a certain amount or more (Step S2; No), the judgment unit 25 determines whether the supply amount of waste per unit time and/or the calorific value of the waste supplied after the residence time ΔT has decreased by a certain amount or more. Determine whether or not (step S6). When the supply amount and/or the calorific value of waste decreases beyond a certain level (step S6; Yes), the control unit 26 proactively performs control to increase the supply amount of primary combustion air (step S7). The control unit 26 increases the supply amount of primary combustion air by increasing the opening degrees of the dampers 8A to 8E or increasing the rotation speed of the blower 4.

In parallel with step S7, the control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 to supply waste into the furnace, but increases the supply amount of waste into the furnace to promote combustion (step S81). For example, the control unit 26 increases the amount of waste supplied by increasing the extrusion amount (stroke) of the feeder 10, increasing the moving speed of the feeder 10, or increasing both the extrusion amount and the moving speed. increases. For example, the control unit 26 may use a function that defines the relationship between the extrusion amount and movement speed of the feeder 10 and the supply amount and/or heat generation value of the waste, and the supply amount and heat generation value of the waste estimated in step S1, The feeder 10 may be controlled. The control unit 26 may perform the above-mentioned control of the feeder 10 only for a predetermined period of time, or may perform the above-described control of the feeder 10 until the supply amount and/or heat generation amount per unit time become constant.

Regarding the timing of increasing the supply amount of waste, the control of steps S7 and S81 may be started proactively, as explained in step S41.

Next, the judgment unit 25 acquires the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 through the data acquisition unit 21. The judgment unit 25 determines whether the gas temperature in the furnace continues to be within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or more (step S9). When the gas temperature in the furnace falls within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or more (step S9; Yes), the control unit 26 ends the advance control (advance supply of primary combustion air) related to the second embodiment. If the gas temperature in the furnace does not fall within the predetermined range for more than a certain period of time (step S9; No), the control unit 26 repeats the process from step S7.

In Step S6, if the supply amount of waste per unit time and/or the calorific value of the waste supplied after the residence time ΔT has not decreased by a certain amount (Step S6; No), in other words, if the change in the supply amount of waste per unit time, etc. is within a certain range. , return to step S1. When step S6 determines No, the control unit 26 controls the opening degree of the damper 8A and the like and the feeder 10 based on the steam flow rate measured by the steam flow sensor 11.

In the flow chart of FIG. 2, in steps S2 and S6, the supply amount of air for primary combustion is controlled only when the supply amount or calorific value of waste is above or below a certain level, but such determination is not made and the supply amount of waste and /or the relationship between the calorific value and the supply amount of air for primary combustion is expressed as a predetermined function, and based on this function and the supply amount and/or the calorific value estimated in step S1, the damper (8A), etc. or the blower (4) You can control . Similarly, the relationship between the supply amount and/or heat generation value of the waste and the stroke or moving speed of the feeder 10 is expressed as a predetermined function, and based on this function and the supply amount and/or heat generation value estimated in step S1, the feeder 10 You may control the operation of .

According to the second embodiment, immediately after the supply amount of waste is estimated, or with a certain time delay from the calorific value estimated until the waste is actually supplied, air for primary combustion is supplied according to the estimated supply amount or calorific value. By proactively adjusting the amount of waste supplied in conjunction with , an atmosphere can be created that stabilizes the combustion state of the combustion chamber 6, and the generation of CO and NOx can be suppressed.

＜Third Embodiment＞

Next, with reference to FIG. 4, processing related to the third embodiment will be described. In the third embodiment, advance control of primary combustion air, etc. is adjusted according to the supply amount of waste actually supplied into the furnace. The third embodiment can be combined with either the first embodiment or the second embodiment, but an operation example when combined with the first embodiment is shown in FIG. 4.

(movement)

Fig. 4 is a flow chart showing an example of the operation of the control device according to the second embodiment. Processes that are the same as those in the first embodiment will be briefly described using the same symbols.

The control device 20 executes the following processing (preemptive control) at predetermined time intervals.

First, the supply amount estimation unit 24 estimates the supply amount and/or heat generation amount of the garbage based on the garbage height measured by LiDAR, etc. (Step S1). The supply amount estimation unit 24 outputs the estimated supply amount and calorific value of waste to the judgment unit 25.

Next, the judgment unit 25 determines whether the supply amount of waste per unit time and/or the calorific value of waste supplied after residence time ΔT has increased by a certain amount or more (step S2). When the supply amount and/or calorific value of waste increases beyond a certain level (step S2; Yes), the control unit 26 proactively performs control to reduce the supply amount of primary combustion air (step S3). The control unit 26 reduces the supply amount of air for primary combustion by reducing the opening degrees of the dampers 8A to 8E or reducing the rotation speed of the blower 4.

In parallel with this, the control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 to supply waste into the furnace (step S4). Next, the image estimation unit 23 analyzes the image captured by the image sensor 16 and estimates the amount of waste supplied to the combustion chamber 6 (step S42). The image estimation unit 23 outputs an estimate of the supply amount of waste to the control unit 26. The control unit 26 adjusts the supply amount of primary combustion air and/or secondary combustion air based on the estimated supply amount of waste (step S43). For example, if the estimated supply amount of waste is greater than the supply amount estimated in step S1, the opening degree of the damper (8A), etc. is reduced so that the supply amount of air for primary combustion is further reduced, or the rotation speed of the blower (4) is reduced. or deteriorate. In addition, the control unit 26 reduces the supply amount of secondary combustion air in addition to the primary combustion air by reducing the opening degree of the damper 14A, thereby lowering the oxygen concentration in the secondary combustion chamber 6B. exercise control. Conversely, if the estimated amount of waste supplied is less than the amount estimated in step S1, adjustments may be made to alleviate the opening degree of the damper 8A or the like and the degree of decrease in the rotational speed of the blower 4. Next, the judgment unit 25 determines whether the gas temperature and/or oxygen concentration in the furnace continues to be within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or more (step S51). The judgment unit 25 acquires the temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 and the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 19 through the data acquisition unit 21. , it is determined whether the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 and/or the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber 6 are within a predetermined range. When the gas temperature and/or oxygen concentration in the furnace are within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or more (step S51: Yes), the control unit 26 ends the advance control of primary combustion air according to the third embodiment. If the gas temperature and/or oxygen concentration in the furnace continues for a certain period of time or longer and does not fall within the predetermined range (step S51; No), the control unit 26 repeats the process from step S3.

If the supply amount of waste per unit time, etc. does not increase by a certain amount or more (Step S2; No), the judgment unit 25 determines whether the supply amount of waste per unit time and/or the calorific value of the waste supplied after the residence time ΔT has decreased by a certain amount or more. Determine whether or not (step S6). When the supply amount and/or the calorific value of waste decreases beyond a certain level (step S6; Yes), the control unit 26 proactively performs control to increase the supply amount of primary combustion air (step S7). The control unit 26 increases the supply amount of primary combustion air by increasing the opening degrees of the dampers 8A to 8E or increasing the rotation speed of the blower 4.

In parallel with this, the control unit 26 controls the feeder 10 to supply waste into the furnace (step S8). Next, the image estimation unit 23 analyzes the image captured by the image sensor 16 and estimates the amount of waste supplied to the combustion chamber 6 (step S82). The image estimation unit 23 outputs an estimate of the supply amount of waste to the control unit 26. The control unit 26 adjusts the supply amount of primary combustion air and/or secondary combustion air based on the estimated supply amount of waste (step S83). For example, if the estimated supply amount of waste is less than the supply amount estimated in step S1, increase the opening degree of the damper (8A), etc. to further increase the supply amount of air for primary combustion, or increase the rotation speed of the blower (4). or raise it. The control unit 26 controls to increase the supply amount of secondary combustion air in addition to primary combustion air by increasing the opening degree of the damper 14A, thereby increasing the oxygen concentration in the secondary combustion chamber 6B. Do. For example, the control unit 26 controls the opening degree of the damper 14A according to the supply amount of garbage estimated from the image, based on a function that specifies the relationship between the estimated amount of garbage supply and the opening degree of the damper 14A. Conversely, if the estimated amount of waste supplied is greater than the amount estimated in step S1, the opening degree of the damper 8A, etc., or the degree of increase in the rotational speed of the blower 4 may be adjusted to relax. Next, the judgment unit 25 determines whether the gas temperature and/or oxygen concentration in the furnace continues to be within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or more (step S91). The judgment unit 25 acquires the temperature in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the temperature sensor 18 and the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber 6 measured by the oxygen concentration sensor 19 through the data acquisition unit 21. , it is determined whether the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 6 and/or the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber 6 have been within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or more. When the gas temperature and/or oxygen concentration in the furnace are within a predetermined range for a certain period of time or more (Step S91: Yes), the control unit 26 ends the advance control of primary combustion air according to the third embodiment. If the gas temperature and/or oxygen concentration in the furnace continues for a certain period of time or longer and does not fall within the predetermined range (step S91; No), the control unit 26 repeats the process from step S7.

According to the third embodiment, stabilization of combustion can be further achieved by estimating the supply amount and calorific value of the waste from image information after the waste is thrown into the furnace and controlling the secondary air. The supply amount and heat generation value of the waste in step S1 are estimated from the measured value of the distance to the surface of the waste in the hopper 1, but there is a possibility that the supply amount and heat generation value of the waste actually supplied into the furnace are different. In contrast, according to the processing of steps S42, 43, 82, and 83 of the present embodiment, the supply amount of air for primary combustion or air for secondary combustion is controlled based on the image of the garbage actually supplied, so that in step S1 It is possible to compensate for discrepancies in estimates.

According to this embodiment, unlike the method of detecting the volume change from the height of the waste surface of the hopper 1 or detecting the amount of waste supplied into the furnace from the operation of the feeder 10, the amount of waste actually fed into the furnace Since is estimated from the image, it becomes possible to estimate the instantaneous amount of garbage supply, and high-accuracy detection of the amount of garbage supply with little time difference becomes possible.

In Figure 4, the operation when combined with the first embodiment is shown, but when combined with the second embodiment, the processes of steps S4 and S8 are replaced with the processes of steps S41 and S81 in Figure 3, respectively. . In step S43, in addition to adjusting the primary combustion air and secondary combustion air, the stroke and movement speed of the feeder 10 are adjusted. For example, when the estimated amount of waste supplied is greater than the amount estimated in step S1, the control unit 26 further shortens the stroke of the feeder 10 or slows down the moving speed. Similarly, in step S83, in addition to adjusting the primary combustion air and secondary combustion air, the stroke and moving speed of the feeder 10 are adjusted. For example, when the estimated amount of waste supplied is less than the amount estimated in step S1, the control unit 26 further lengthens the stroke of the feeder 10 or increases the moving speed. When controlling these feeders 10, the control unit 26 responds to the supply amount of waste estimated from the image based on a function that specifies the relationship between the estimated amount of waste supplied and the stroke or moving speed of the feeder 10. The feeder 10 is controlled.

＜Fourth Embodiment＞

Next, with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7, processing related to the fourth embodiment will be described. In the fourth embodiment, the processing of step S1 of the first to third embodiments will be described.

(Estimation Method 1)

Fig. 5 is a first diagram illustrating the estimation process for the calorific value of waste, etc., according to the fourth embodiment.

Figure 50 on the left side of FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the hopper 1 and the chute 2. Each of the layers I1 to I5 shown is a layer of waste formed by one-time input of waste into the hopper 1. For example, layer I5 is formed by the waste that was put into the hopper 1 5 times ago, layer I4 is formed by the waste that was put into the hopper 1 4 times ago, layer I3 is formed by the waste that was put in 3 times ago, Layer I2 is formed by the waste that was thrown in twice before, and layer I1 is formed by the waste that was thrown in just before. In estimation method 1, the supply quantity estimation unit 24 estimates the average residence time ΔT until the waste of the newly introduced layer I1 is supplied into the furnace through the procedure described below, and the waste added after the average residence time ΔT is estimated. Estimate the calorific value (LHV) of

(Procedure 1) The garbage height calculation unit 22 detects the distance from the sensor 15 at each position of the entire garbage surface in the hopper 1 to the garbage surface using LiDAR at every moment. When the waste of layer I5 is thrown in, the supply amount estimation unit 24 calculates the volume of the thrown waste based on the increase in the height of the waste before and after the waste is thrown in. The supply amount estimation unit 24 obtains the weight of the waste measured by the weigher 17a when transporting the waste on layer I5, and divides the weight by the calculated volume of the waste to determine the density of the waste on layer I5. Calculate. Similarly, the supply amount estimation unit 24 calculates the density of the waste in each layer when the waste in the layers I4 to I1 is input. The supply quantity estimation unit 24 records the density of waste in each floor I1 to I4 in the storage unit 27. The relationship between the calculated density of waste and the layer is shown in Figure 51. In Figure 51, the vertical axis represents density, and the horizontal axis represents positions (layers) within the hopper 1 and chute 2. Line graph 51a shows, in order from the left, the density of layer I5, the density of layer I4, the density of layer I3, the density of layer I2, and the density of layer I1.

(Procedure 2) The supply amount estimation unit 24 calculates the calorific value using a conversion formula that calculates the calorific value from the density of each layer and the previously derived waste density. It is generally known that waste density and calorific value are negatively correlated. The heat generation amount according to the waste density of each layer is shown in Figure 52. In Figure 52, the vertical axis represents calorific value (LHV), and the horizontal axis represents time. FIG. 52 shows, for example, a change in the amount of heat generated depending on the density of the waste supplied into the furnace at each time when waste is supplied into the furnace at a predetermined supply amount per unit time from the state of FIG. 50. The line graph 52a shows, in order from the left, the calorific value of layer I5, the calorific value of layer I4, the calorific value of layer I3, the calorific value of layer I2, and the calorific value of layer I1.

(Step 3) Next, the amount of heat generated when the waste of each layer shown in FIG. 50 is actually put into the incinerator is calculated. For example, starting from the state where the waste of layer I5 was at the position of floor I1 (the waste of floors I4 to I1 in Figure 50 was not put in), then the waste was put in the order of I4 to I1, each The main steam flow rate while the waste in layers I1 to I5 (layers I1 to I5 in FIG. 50) is being burned is measured by the steam flow sensor 11, and the measured main steam flow rate is sent to the hopper ( 1) Calculate the calorific value (LHV) at each time by dividing the weight of the garbage put in by the integrated value for 1 hour. The method for calculating this calorific value is known, and the calorific value when the waste in each layer I1 to I5 is burned can be calculated using any known method. The amount of heat generated during combustion of each layer I1 to I5 is shown in Figure 53. In Figure 53, the vertical axis represents calorific value (LHV), and the horizontal axis represents time. Graph 53a shows the trend of the calorific value (LHV process value) calculated based on the actual value of the main steam flow rate. The user registers data showing the change in calorific value calculated based on the measured value in the storage unit 27. Alternatively, the supply amount estimation unit 24 calculates the heat generation amount illustrated in FIG. 53 and registers it in the storage unit 27.

(Step 4) Next, the supply quantity estimation unit 24 moves the graph 52a calculated in Step 2 in the time axis direction, and calculates the graph 52a of the calorific value based on the density of each layer and the calorific value calculated based on the main steam flow rate. Calculate the correlation of graph 53a. The supply amount estimation unit 24 searches for the movement amount ΔT of graph 52a, which is the case where the correlation is the largest. ΔT in the case where the correlation becomes largest is taken as the average residence time ΔT. Since the residence time changes depending on the amount of waste treated, it is necessary to take into account changes in waste quality, operation plans, etc. For example, whenever the waste quality or operation plan changes, the average residence time ΔT is calculated.

(Procedure 5) After calculating the average residence time ΔT, the supply amount estimation unit 24 calculates the density each time waste is input into the hopper 1 and calculates the heat generation amount according to the conversion formula. Then, the supply quantity estimation unit 24 records the calculation result (estimated value) together with the time in the storage unit 27. Accordingly, if the present is the time when feeder control is performed and waste is supplied, the calorific value estimated in the past by the average residence time ΔT with respect to the present is an estimate of the calorific value of the waste supplied this time. The supply amount estimation unit 24 reads and outputs an estimate of the past heat generation amount by the average residence time ΔT recorded in the storage unit 27 to estimate the heat generation amount (step S1 in Figs. 2 to 4). Calculate the change in volume of trash based on the change in trash height due to this supply of trash (e.g., unit height (The cross-sectional areas of the hopper 1 and the chute 2 are already known), and an estimate of the supply amount of waste in the furnace is calculated (step S1 in Figs. 2 to 4). This is an estimate of the amount of waste supplied this time.

Alternatively, the supply amount estimation unit 24 records the calculation result of the volume change based on the change in height within the hopper 1 per unit time together with the time in the storage unit 27, and records the result in the past by the average residence time ΔT with respect to the present. The volume change may be an estimate of the amount of waste supplied this time.

(Estimation Method 2)

In estimation method 1, it was assumed that all the waste thrown into the furnace was the waste thrown into the hopper 1 at the same timing, and the density of the waste was assumed to be constant. However, in reality, based on the distribution of waste in the chute 2, waste introduced at different timings is mixed and fed into the furnace. In estimation method 2, the density of the waste injected into the furnace is calculated by considering the distribution and compaction of the waste (the density of the result compressed by the later input waste), and the calorific value of the waste is calculated from the calculated density of the waste and the conversion formula. estimate.

Figure 6 shows a method for calculating density considering the distribution and compaction of waste. First, as shown in Figure 60 on the left, according to a prior analysis, it is modeled that waste injected at different timings is distributed and accumulated in layers I1 to I5 within the hopper 1 and chute 2. The waste on each floor is the waste thrown into the hopper 1 from the crane 17 at one time. I6 and I7 indicate that the waste has already been supplied into the furnace. According to another analysis, when waste is supplied into the furnace by causing the feeder 10 to perform a predetermined operation from the state in which it is distributed and accumulated as in layers I1 to I5, first, the waste accumulated in the area surrounded by pattern 1 is transferred to the next batch. The waste accumulated in the range surrounded by pattern 2 is fed into the furnace in the next cycle, pattern 3 is supplied again next time, and the waste in the range of pattern 4 is supplied into the furnace by the fourth feeder control. interpret. Patterns 1 to 4 are examples of supply patterns assuming a single extrusion amount from the feeder 10. When interpreted in this way, in pattern 1, which is the scheduled supply range of the next ash, waste from layers I3 to I5 becomes the supply target. According to another analysis, the load transfer average coefficient (garbage input ratio) related to the ratio of garbage in layers I3 to I5 when the garbage of pattern 1 is supplied in advance is calculated (FIG. 62). As an example, a graph showing the load transfer average coefficient of layers I1 to I7 at each time when the volume of garbage in layers I1 to I7 is the same (the maximum value of the load transfer average coefficient is 0.1 for both) is shown in Figure 62. The vertical axis in FIG. 62 represents the load transfer average coefficient, and the horizontal axis represents time (the time for feeding waste into the furnace by the feeder 10). In the graph of Figure 62, each mountain corresponds to the waste of each layer, and in the example of Figure 62, each mountain corresponds to layers I7 to I1 in order, starting from the leftmost mountain. The height of each mountain is positively correlated with the size of the volume of the waste thrown into the hopper 1, and when the volume of the waste thrown into the hopper 1 is different each time, the peak value of the mountain is different each time. The overlap of each acid is related to the input rate of the waste inputted into the furnace at that time. For example, if the input time of pattern 1 shown in FIG. 60 can be known based on a certain time, the input time of pattern 1 shown in FIG. 60 can be determined. From the value of the vertical axis at the time corresponding to the horizontal axis of , the input rate (load transfer average coefficient) of the garbage in layers I3 to I5 can be determined. By examining the load transfer average coefficients of I3 to I5 at the time when waste is supplied in the range surrounded by pattern 1 in FIG. 62, the value in the first row of Table 61 is obtained. Similarly, the load transfer average coefficients of each layer I1 to I7 in patterns 2 to 4 are shown in the 2nd to 4th rows of Table 61.

According to another analysis, the densities g1 to g7 of the waste are calculated considering the consolidation of layers I1 to I7. For example, density g1 is the density of waste in layer I1 considering compaction, density g2 is the density of waste in layer I2 considering compaction,..., density g7 is the density of waste in layer I7 considering compaction. Given the distribution pattern of waste supplied into the furnace (for example, pattern 1) and the average load transfer coefficient for each layer in the pattern (Table 61), the waste density of this pattern is the waste of each floor It is obtained by dividing the sum of the density gX (X = 1 to 7) multiplied by the load transfer average coefficient by the sum of the load transfer average coefficients of the pattern. For example, in the case of pattern 1, the waste density G when waste in the range of pattern 1 is supplied into the furnace can be calculated by the following equation (1).

G = (g1×0+g2×0+g3×0.01+g4×0.1+g5×0.04+g6×0+g7×0)÷(0.01+0.1+0.04) ··· (1)

Next, refer to FIG. 7. Figure 70 on the left shows waste layers I1 to I5 in the hopper 1 and chute 2. In Figure 71, the vertical axis represents density and the horizontal axis represents time. Line graph 71a shows, in order from the left, the density of layer I5, the density of layer I4, the density of layer I3, the density of layer I2, and the density of layer I1. These are called density A. Density A is the density of the top layer of trash at that time. For example, when layer I5 is injected at a certain time, the height decreases moment by moment according to the supply of refuse into the furnace, and when it reaches a certain height, the refuse corresponding to layer I4 is injected into the hopper 1, etc. It shows the density of the top layer of waste in the cycle.

In Figure 72, the vertical axis represents residence time, and the horizontal axis represents time. Graph 72a shows the residence time until the waste at each position (height) in FIG. 71 is supplied into the furnace. The residence time can be calculated by dividing the volume of the waste existing from the position (height) of the waste at the corresponding time in Figure 71 to the entrance of the furnace by the average volume change rate per day.

Next, calculate the density B after the residence time calculated for each location on each floor. Figure 73 shows the trend of density B. In Figure 73, the vertical axis represents density, and the horizontal axis represents time. Density B is the density of waste immediately before being supplied into the furnace. For example, if the waste supplied into the furnace is in the range of pattern 1, the density can be calculated by the above equation (1). Assuming that the position of " Then, the density B after " Similarly, the density B in other patterns 2, etc. can be calculated. In this way, when waste of a certain layer is injected (if it is pattern 1, when the relevant layers I5 to I3 are injected), the density B after a certain residence time can be calculated in advance. The supply amount estimation unit 24 calculates the residence time until the waste input into the hopper 1 is supplied into the furnace based on a certain time and the density B of the waste when supplied into the furnace, as shown in Figure 73 Obtain graph 73a. Next, the supply amount estimation unit 24 calculates the heat generation amount based on the calculated density B at each time and the conversion formula. The calculated calorific value is shown in graph 74a of FIG. 74. In this way, according to the estimation method 2, it is possible to estimate in advance the residence time of the waste, the density B considering the distribution and compaction of the waste, and the heat generation amount corresponding to the density B.

Next, the procedure for estimation method 2 will be explained. The supply amount estimation unit 24 estimates the calorific value of the waste in the following procedure. The distribution of waste (I1 to I5) in the hopper 1 and chute 2 exemplified in Figure 60, etc., and the pattern information (patterns 1 to 4) indicating the range of waste supplied into the furnace are analyzed in advance and stored in the storage unit. It is recorded in (27).

(Procedure 1) The garbage height calculation unit 22 detects the distance from the sensor 15 at each position of the entire garbage surface in the hopper 1 to the garbage surface using LiDAR at every moment, and determines the garbage surface. Calculate the height. The supply quantity estimation unit 24 calculates the volume and density of waste.

(Procedure 2) The supply amount estimation unit 24 calculates an estimate of the residence time by dividing the total amount of residual waste in the hopper by the average volume change rate per day (m3/unit time).

(Procedure 3) From the calculated residence time and FIG. 62, the supply quantity estimation unit 24 calculates the density of the waste to be introduced into the furnace after the residence time using the average density of consolidation and load movement of the waste in the hopper 1. do. For example, the supply quantity estimation unit 24 selects waste supply patterns 1 to 4. By applying the residence time corresponding to the selected pattern to the horizontal axis of Figure 62, the load transfer average coefficient is determined, and the waste density according to the pattern is estimated. For example, if it is pattern 1, the supply quantity estimation unit 24 estimates the waste density of pattern 1 by equation (1). The supply amount estimation unit 24 may analyze the consolidation g1 to g7 of the waste at each distribution position required for this calculation, the relationship between the input time and the input ratio (FIG. 62), and perform the procedure using these information analyzed separately. You may perform the calculation of 3.

(Procedure 4) The supply quantity estimation unit 24 selects the pattern of waste supplied to the furnace. For example, the supply quantity estimation unit 24 next selects pattern 1 as the pattern of the waste supplied to the furnace. The supply quantity estimation unit 24 selects the waste density of pattern 1 estimated in step 3.

(Step 5) The supply amount estimation unit 24 estimates the heat generation amount based on the waste density of the selected pattern and the conversion formula. The supply amount estimation unit 24 may estimate the input fuel flow rate (kJ/h), which is the flow rate of fuel (waste) supplied into the furnace.

Regarding the calculation of residence time, in estimation method 2, it was calculated by dividing the remaining amount of garbage (volume) by the average daily volume change rate, but the movement of garbage was estimated based on the hourly volume change, and the garbage at the location of interest was estimated. It is detected that (e.g., the garbage at the bottom of layer I4) moves to the position just before insertion (e.g., a position included in the range of pattern 1), and the garbage of interest reaches the position just before insertion. , it is possible to estimate the calorific value or supply amount of the next input waste. With this method, the timing for starting advance control is immediately before supply to the combustion chamber 6, but the estimation accuracy can be improved.

According to this embodiment, the density of waste supplied in the furnace is calculated by taking into account the distribution of waste and the residence time in the hopper using the volume change of waste based on LiDAR measurement values and performance data of past volume changes (even if the waste moisture content is By estimating the calorific value of the waste from the above, a more precise estimate becomes possible.

Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a control device related to each embodiment.

The computer 900 includes a CPU 901, a main memory 902, an auxiliary memory 903, an input/output interface 904, and a communication interface 905.

The control device 20 described above is mounted on the computer 900. And, each function described above is stored in the auxiliary memory device 903 in the form of a program. The CPU 901 reads and outputs a program from the auxiliary memory 903, expands it to the main memory 902, and executes the above-described processing according to the program. The CPU 901 secures a storage area in the main memory 902 according to the program. The CPU 901 secures a storage area in the auxiliary storage device 903 to store the data being processed according to the program.

A program for realizing all or part of the functions of the control device 20 is recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded on this recording medium is read into the computer system and executed, thereby performing processing by each functional unit. You can do it. The term “computer system” herein shall include hardware such as the OS and peripheral devices. “Computer system” shall also include the home page provision environment (or display environment) if a WWW system is used. “Computer-readable recording media” refers to transportable media such as CD, DVD, and USB, and storage devices such as hard disks built into a computer system. Additionally, when this program is transmitted to the computer 900 via a communication line, the computer 900 that has received the transmission may develop the program into the main memory 902 and execute the above processing. The above program may be for realizing part of the above-described functions, or may be one that can further realize the above-described functions by combining them with a program already recorded in the computer system.

As described above, several embodiments related to the present disclosure have been described, but all of these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the invention described in the claims and their equivalents, just as they are included in the scope and gist of the invention.

＜Boogie＞

The control device 20 described in each embodiment is understood as follows, for example.

(1) The control device 20 of the incinerator facility (garbage incineration facility) according to the first aspect includes a furnace (combustion chamber 6, grate 3) that conveys the incinerated material (garbage) while burning it, and A control device (20) for incinerator equipment 1 having a combustion air supply unit (damper (8A to 8F), blower (4), damper (14A)) that supplies combustion air, wherein the amount of incinerated material supplied to the furnace is Alternatively, it is provided with a combustion air control unit (control unit 26) that controls the combustion air based on the calorific value before the incinerated material is introduced into the furnace.

In this way, before supplying the waste, the atmosphere in the furnace (in the combustion chamber 6) can be adjusted according to the supply amount and calorific value of the waste, and combustion in the furnace can be stabilized.

(2) The control device 20 according to the second aspect is the control device 20 of (1), comprising a feeder for supplying the incinerated material to the furnace, and, based on the supply amount or the heat generation amount, the control device 20 of the feeder. It is additionally provided with a feeder control unit (control unit 26) that controls the operation.

As a result, when supplying waste, the supply amount of waste can be adjusted according to the supply amount or calorific value of the waste, and combustion in the furnace can be stabilized.

(3) The control device 20 according to the third aspect is the control device 20 of (1) to (2), and includes an imaging means (image sensor 16) for capturing a state in which the object to be incinerated is thrown into the furnace. ) and an estimation unit (image estimation unit 23) that estimates the supply amount or heat generation amount of the incinerated material introduced into the furnace from the image information obtained by the imaging means, and the combustion air control unit is The combustion air (primary combustion air, secondary combustion air) is controlled based on the supply amount or heat generation amount of the incinerated material after input estimated by the estimation unit.

In fact, by controlling the combustion air according to the supply amount of waste supplied into the furnace, etc., combustion within the furnace can be stabilized with good precision.

(4) The control device 20 related to the fourth aspect is the control device 20 of (1) to (3), and is configured to control the control device 20 in the hopper (in the hopper 1 and the chute 2) by three-dimensional measurement. Detecting a change in the height of the incinerated object, the consolidation (g1 to g7) of the incinerated object, the distribution (I1 to I7) of the incinerated object in the hopper, and the ratio (input ratio) of the incinerated object supplied into the furnace The control device for an incineration facility according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a calculation unit (supply amount estimation unit) that calculates the supply amount or the calorific value immediately before being supplied into the furnace based on the above.

In this way, it is possible to estimate the supply amount and calorific value of the supplied waste before supplying the waste.

(5) The control device 20 according to the fifth aspect is the control device 20 of (4), wherein the calculation unit detects the distance of the entire surface of the object to be incinerated by LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), and , Based on the change in the distance, calculate the volume of the incinerated material introduced into the hopper, calculate the density from the weight of the incinerated material introduced into the hopper and the volume, and calculate the density of the incinerated material supplied to the furnace in a certain period of time in the past. A correlation comparison is made between the calorific value estimated from the density of the incinerated object and the calorific value actually measured, and the residence time from when the incinerated object is put into the hopper to when it is supplied to the furnace is estimated, and the residence time is estimated. Estimate the calorific value after time.

In this way, the calorific value of the waste supplied to the furnace after the residence time can be estimated, and control of the air for primary combustion can be started before the waste is supplied to the furnace.

The present disclosure provides a control device for an incinerator facility that can solve the problems described above.

100: Waste incineration equipment,
1: hopper,
2: suit,
3: grate,
3A: Dry station,
3B: combustion station,
3C: Post-combustion station,
4: blower,
5A ~ 5E: bellows,
6: combustion chamber,
7: Re-exit,
8A ~ 8E, 14A: Damper,
9: Boiler,
10: feeder,
11: steam flow sensor,
12: year,
13, 14: Pipeline,
15: Sensor (LiDAR),
16: image sensor,
17: crane,
17a: weighing scale,
18: temperature sensor,
19: oxygen concentration sensor,
20: control unit,
21: data acquisition unit,
22: Garbage height calculation unit,
23: Image estimation unit,
24: Supply quantity estimation unit,
25: judgment part,
26: control unit,
27: memory unit,
900: computer,
901:CPU,
902: main memory,
903: secondary memory,
904: input/output interface,
905: Communication interface

Claims (6)

A control device for an incinerator facility having a furnace for transporting incinerated materials while burning them, and a combustion air supply unit for supplying combustion air to the furnace, comprising:
A combustion air control unit that controls the combustion air before the incinerated material is introduced into the furnace, based on the supply amount or calorific value of the incinerated material supplied to the furnace;
Detect the change in height of the incinerated object in the hopper by three-dimensional measurement, calculate the volume of the incinerated object introduced into the hopper based on the change in the height of the incinerated object, and calculate the weight of the incinerated object introduced into the hopper and calculate the density from the volume, perform a correlation comparison between the calorific value estimated from the density of the incinerated material supplied to the furnace in the past and the actually measured calorific value, and the incinerated material is introduced into the hopper. The residence time from then until it is supplied to the furnace is estimated, and based on the consolidation of the incinerated material, the distribution of the incinerated material in the hopper, and the ratio of the incinerated material supplied into the furnace, after the residence time, the It is provided with a calculation unit that calculates the supply amount or calorific value of the incinerated material supplied into the furnace,
The combustion air control unit controls the combustion air based on the supply amount or calorific value of the incinerated material a predetermined time before the residence time estimated by the calculation unit elapses after the incinerated material is introduced into the hopper. A control device for incinerator equipment that performs control. According to claim 1,
A feeder that supplies the incinerated material to the furnace,
It is further provided with a feeder control unit that controls the operation of the feeder based on the supply amount or the heat generation amount,
The feeder control unit controls the feeder based on the supply amount or heat generation amount of the incinerated object a predetermined time before the residence time estimated by the calculation unit elapses after the incinerated object is introduced into the hopper. Control device for incinerator equipment. The method of claim 1 or 2,
Imaging means for capturing a state in which the incinerated object is introduced into the furnace;
It is further provided with an image estimation unit that estimates the supply amount or heat generation amount of the incinerated material introduced into the furnace from the image information obtained by the imaging means,
The combustion air control unit is a control device for an incinerator facility that controls the combustion air based on the supply amount or heat generation amount of the incinerated material after input estimated by the image estimation unit. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The combustion air control unit performs control to lower the combustion air when the supply amount and/or heat generation amount of the incinerated material supplied into the furnace increases beyond a certain level after the residence time,
A control device for an incinerator facility that performs control to increase the combustion air when the supply amount and/or the calorific value of the incinerated material supplied into the furnace after the residence time decreases by a certain level or more. According to paragraph 2 or paragraph 3 referencing paragraph 2,
The feeder control unit performs control to reduce the extrusion amount and/or movement speed of the feeder when the supply amount and/or heat generation amount of the incinerated material supplied into the furnace after the residence time increases beyond a certain level,
A control device for an incinerator facility that performs control to increase the extrusion amount and/or movement speed of the feeder when the supply amount and/or the calorific value of the incinerated material supplied into the furnace after the residence time decreases by a certain level or more. According to paragraph 2 or paragraph 3 referencing paragraph 2,
The feeder control unit is after the control of the combustion air when the supply amount and/or the calorific value of the incinerated material supplied into the furnace after the residence time increases by a certain amount or more, and the estimated residence time elapses. Control is performed to reduce the extrusion amount and/or movement speed of the feeder a predetermined time before the start of the feeder,
If the supply amount and/or the calorific value of the incinerated material supplied into the furnace after the residence time decreases by a certain amount or more, it is after the control of the combustion air and a predetermined time before the estimated residence time has elapsed. , A control device for an incinerator facility that performs control to increase the extrusion amount and/or movement speed of the feeder.

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