CN117301677A - 一种聚氨酯层状材料的隔热阻燃车衣及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种聚氨酯层状材料的隔热阻燃车衣及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117301677A CN117301677A CN202311585091.5A CN202311585091A CN117301677A CN 117301677 A CN117301677 A CN 117301677A CN 202311585091 A CN202311585091 A CN 202311585091A CN 117301677 A CN117301677 A CN 117301677A
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- Prior art keywords
- stirring
- heat
- polyurethane
- flame retardant
- insulating flame
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种聚氨酯层状材料的隔热阻燃车衣及制备方法。制备方法包括:分别制备第一聚氨酯层、第二聚氨酯层和纤维层;将第一聚氨酯层与纤维层的一侧表面粘接,并将第二聚氨酯层与纤维层的另一侧表面粘接,加热加压成型,获得隔热阻燃车衣。本发明能够获得隔热阻燃效果好的聚氨酯车衣。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及层状聚合物材料制备的技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种聚氨酯层状材料的隔热阻燃车衣及制备方法。
背景技术
随着近年来人们生活水平的提高,汽车已经进入普通家庭,围绕汽车配套的车衣产品需求也逐步提升。汽车在使用过程中,车衣能够对汽车起到防脏、防灰、防雨雪、抗紫外等作用。
目前市场上的车衣主要为聚氨酯材质。本领域技术人员对车衣产品的研究目前主要集中于对其抗紫外性能的改善。比如,申请号为CN202310815448.8的中国专利申请公开了一种防晒车衣面料及其制备方法,该防晒车衣面料由里层和表层组成,里层为聚酯织物,外层为聚氨酯膜。该制备方法致力于提高防晒车衣的防紫外线能力以及防水性能。再比如,申请号为CN201811120641.5的中国专利申请公开了一种阻燃防辐射车衣布料,其由以下原料制成:亚麻纤维、竹纤维、壳聚糖纤维、聚苯并咪唑、聚四氟乙烯、三氧化二锑-聚丙烯酸乙酯、纳米二氧化硅、氧化铟。该车衣布料能够有效反射紫外线,避免紫外光对车身的伤害,防晒防雨,保护车身。
现有技术中存在的其中一项不足是:对于聚氨酯材质的车衣产品而言,其隔热和阻燃性能不够理想。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种聚氨酯层状材料的隔热阻燃车衣及制备方法,制备方法包括:
S100、分别制备第一聚氨酯层、第二聚氨酯层和纤维层;
S200、采用粘接剂将第一聚氨酯层与纤维层的一侧表面粘接,并采用粘接剂将第二聚氨酯层与纤维层的另一侧表面粘接,加热加压成型,获得隔热阻燃车衣;
其中,第一聚氨酯层和第二聚氨酯层中的至少一者包括通过以下步骤制备获得的隔热阻燃剂:
S301、将蒙脱石、三氯化铝和柠檬酸在水中混合均匀,获得悬浊液;
S302、将十二烷基二甲基叔胺、吐温80、磷酸三乙酯和植物油在水中混合乳化,获得乳浊液;
S303、向悬浊液中滴加乳浊液并搅拌,滴加完毕后继续混合乳化,获得乳浊浆料;
S304、向乳浊浆料中滴加碱性溶液并同步搅拌,直至乳浊浆料的pH值达到11至12,陈化后对固形物进行煅烧,获得隔热阻燃剂。
在上述任一技术方案中,第一聚氨酯层和第二聚氨酯层均通过如下步骤制备:
S111、按聚酯多元醇:端羟基超支化聚酯:隔热阻燃剂:表面活性剂:催化剂:扩链剂=(40-50):(15-20):(8-10):(2-4):(0.5-1):(0.5-1)的质量比称料,并搅拌混合均匀,获得A组分;
S112、采用包括异氰酸酯的原料作为B组分,按A组分:B组分=1:(1.4-1.6)的质量比,将A组分与B组分搅拌聚合、熔融挤出、冷却拉伸,获得作为第一聚氨酯层和第二聚氨酯层的材料。
在上述任一技术方案中,表面活性剂包括以下至少之一或其组合:二辛基琥珀酸磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠。
在上述任一技术方案中,催化剂包括以下至少之一或其组合:异辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡。
在上述任一技术方案中,扩链剂包括以下至少之一或其组合:1,2,5-戊三醇、氢醌-双(2-羟乙基醚)。
在上述任一技术方案中,S111中搅拌混合的搅拌转速为400rpm至800rpm,搅拌时间为1h至2h。
在上述任一技术方案中,S112中搅拌聚合的搅拌转速为800rpm至1000rpm,搅拌时间为1.5h至2.5h。
在上述任一技术方案中,S112中熔融挤出的温度为180℃至200℃,压力为12 MPa至16 MPa。
在上述任一技术方案中,纤维层通过如下步骤制备:
S121、按聚丙烯酰胺:聚苯乙烯:溶剂=(4-6):(8-12):100的质量比,将聚丙烯酰胺和聚苯乙烯先混合均匀后再共同加入溶剂中混合均匀,配制纺丝液;
S122、将纺丝液倒入注射装置,并通过注射装置的毛细针头将纺丝液喷射至滚筒收集装置以通过静电纺丝获得纤维层。
在上述任一技术方案中,溶剂包括质量比为1:(3.5-4)的四氢呋喃和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
在上述任一技术方案中,静电纺丝的电压为20千伏至30千伏,毛细针头和滚筒收集装置之间的接收距离为18cm至22cm,注射装置的推进速度为2.5ml/h至2.8ml/h,滚筒收集装置的转速为180rpm至260rpm。
在上述任一技术方案中,S200中采用的粘接剂为蒎烯树脂粘接剂。
在上述任一技术方案中,S200中加热加压成型采用的加热温度为140℃至150℃,加压压力为1200N至1300N,成型时间为1min至2min。
在上述任一技术方案中,S301中,以质量计,蒙脱石:三氯化铝:柠檬酸:水=(15-20):(4-6):(6-8):100。
在上述任一技术方案中,S302中,以质量计,十二烷基二甲基叔胺:吐温80:磷酸三乙酯:植物油:水=(2-4):(4-6):(8-10):(18-20):100。
在上述任一技术方案中,S303中,以质量计,悬浊液:乳浊液=(120-140):100。
在上述任一技术方案中,在S304之后还包括:
S305、按三氧化二锑:双氧水:水=(2-4):(4-6):100的质量比,将三氧化二锑在水中混合均匀后滴加双氧水并搅拌,搅拌均匀后送入反应釜;
S306、按三氧化二锑:隔热阻燃剂=(6-10):100的质量比,向反应釜中添加通过S304获得的隔热阻燃剂,添加完毕后将反应釜加热至55℃至65℃的温度条件并保温1h至1.5h,保温结束后向反应釜中添加占三氧化二锑质量10%至12%的十二烷基苯磺酸,搅拌均匀后静置1.5h至2h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,获得经过改性的隔热阻燃剂。
本发明还提供一种聚氨酯层状材料的隔热阻燃车衣,聚氨酯层状材料的隔热阻燃车衣采用如上述任一技术方案的制备方法获得。
有益效果
本发明提供了一种聚氨酯层状材料的隔热阻燃车衣及制备方法。该制备方法首先采用包括蒙脱石和磷酸三乙酯的原料制备隔热阻燃剂,进而采用该隔热阻燃剂制备聚氨酯,并在含有该隔热阻燃剂的第一聚氨酯层、第二聚氨酯层之间加入纤维层,通过层压的方式制备聚氨酯层状材料,采用该聚氨酯层状材料的车衣具有良好的隔热和阻燃性能。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂,下面结合本发明的具体实施例做详细的说明。
如无特别说明,本发明所用的试剂和原材料都可通过商业途径购买。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。
本发明实施例首先提供了一种隔热阻燃车衣的制备方法,制备方法包括:
S100、分别制备第一聚氨酯层、第二聚氨酯层和纤维层;
S200、采用粘接剂将第一聚氨酯层与纤维层的一侧表面粘接,并采用粘接剂将第二聚氨酯层与纤维层的另一侧表面粘接,加热加压成型,获得隔热阻燃车衣。
在本发明的实施方式中,第一聚氨酯层和第二聚氨酯层的具体制备方式如下:
S111、按聚酯多元醇:端羟基超支化聚酯:隔热阻燃剂:表面活性剂:催化剂:扩链剂=(40-50):(15-20):(8-10):(2-4):(0.5-1):(0.5-1)的质量比称料,并搅拌混合均匀,获得A组分;
S112、采用包括异氰酸酯的原料作为B组分,按A组分:B组分=1:(1.4-1.6)的质量比,将A组分与B组分搅拌聚合、熔融挤出、冷却拉伸,获得作为第一聚氨酯层和第二聚氨酯层的材料。
优选地,S111中,聚酯多元醇:端羟基超支化聚酯:隔热阻燃剂:表面活性剂:催化剂:扩链剂=45:15:10:2:1:1。
优选地,S112中,A组分:B组分=1:1.5。
上述步骤S111至S112的目的是通过聚酯多元醇与异氰酸酯的聚合反应,制备聚氨酯。为达到上述目的,上述步骤将除异氰酸酯以外的原料先行混合均匀,再添加异氰酸酯进行搅拌聚合,聚合完成后则对聚氨酯进行熔融挤出,拉伸定型后即可获得膜层状的聚氨酯材料。
在上述步骤中,搅拌混合、搅拌聚合、熔融挤出、冷却拉伸等工艺采用的具体参数均可由本领域技术人员根据实际需要进行选择,能实现其发明目的即可,其具体参数的选择不会对本发明有益效果的实现产生实质影响。
示例性地,S111中搅拌混合的搅拌转速为400rpm至800rpm,搅拌时间为1h至2h。S112中搅拌聚合的搅拌转速为800rpm至1000rpm,搅拌时间为1.5h至2.5h。S112中熔融挤出的温度为180℃至200℃,压力为12 MPa至16 MPa。
在上述步骤中,表面活性剂可以选择以下至少之一或其组合:二辛基琥珀酸磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠。催化剂可以选择以下至少之一或其组合:异辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡。扩链剂可以选择以下至少之一或其组合:1,2,5-戊三醇、氢醌-双(2-羟乙基醚)。
优选地,在上述步骤中,表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠。催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡。扩链剂为1,2,5-戊三醇。
在本发明的实施方式中,纤维层通过如下步骤制备:
S121、按聚丙烯酰胺:聚苯乙烯:溶剂=(4-6):(8-12):100的质量比,将聚丙烯酰胺和聚苯乙烯先混合均匀后再共同加入溶剂中混合均匀,配制纺丝液;
S122、将纺丝液倒入注射装置,并通过注射装置的毛细针头将纺丝液喷射至滚筒收集装置以通过静电纺丝获得纤维层。
优选地,S121中,聚丙烯酰胺:聚苯乙烯:溶剂=6:10:100。
优选地,S121中,溶剂包括质量比为1:4的四氢呋喃和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
上述步骤S121至S122的目的是通过静电纺丝制备纤维层。纤维层作为两层聚氨酯层之间的骨架层,能够提高车衣的机械性能和耐磨性能。
在上述步骤中,静电纺丝的电压为20千伏至30千伏,毛细针头和滚筒收集装置之间的接收距离为18cm至22cm,注射装置的推进速度为2.5ml/h至2.8ml/h,滚筒收集装置的转速为180rpm至260rpm。
优选地,在上述步骤中,静电纺丝的电压为25千伏,毛细针头和滚筒收集装置之间的接收距离为18cm,注射装置的推进速度为2.5ml/h,滚筒收集装置的转速为200rpm。
在分别制备获得第一聚氨酯层、第二聚氨酯层和纤维层之后,需要采用粘接剂将三者相互粘接并加热加压成型,由此获得隔热阻燃车衣。
粘接剂的种类和型号可由本领域技术人员根据实际需要进行选择,能实现其发明目的即可。优选地,S200中采用的粘接剂为蒎烯树脂粘接剂。
加热加压成型工艺所采用的温度、压力和时间可由本领域技术人员根据第一聚氨酯层、第二聚氨酯层和纤维层的用量以及厚度比例确定。优选地,S200中加热加压成型采用的加热温度为140℃至150℃,加压压力为1200N至1300N,成型时间为1min至2min。进一步优选地,S200中加热加压成型采用的加热温度为140℃,加压压力为1200N,成型时间为2min。
在本发明的实施方式中,第一聚氨酯层和第二聚氨酯层中的至少一者包括通过以下步骤制备获得的隔热阻燃剂:
S301、将蒙脱石、三氯化铝和柠檬酸在水中混合均匀,获得悬浊液;
S302、将十二烷基二甲基叔胺、吐温80、磷酸三乙酯和植物油在水中混合乳化,获得乳浊液;
S303、向悬浊液中滴加乳浊液并搅拌,滴加完毕后继续混合乳化,获得乳浊浆料;
S304、向乳浊浆料中滴加碱性溶液并同步搅拌,直至乳浊浆料的pH值达到11至12,陈化后对固形物进行煅烧,获得隔热阻燃剂。
其中,以上步骤采用的混合搅拌转速及时间、乳化采用的超声功率及时间、滴加速度、陈化时间、碱性溶液的种类和浓度均可由本领域技术人员根据实际需要进行选择,能实现发明目的即可。
优选地,混合乳化通过超声乳化设备进行,其功率为400W至500W,乳化时间为至少30min。优选地,碱性溶液为4wt%至6 wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液。优选地,陈化时间为10h至12h。
可以理解,在对固形物进行煅烧之前,还需要对固形物进行过滤分离、洗涤烘干。其中,洗涤的次数为2次至3次,烘干的方式为60℃至80℃的热风或红外烘干。
可以理解,煅烧的目的是使得蒙脱石表面的氯离子化合物形成氧化铝膜层,因此,煅烧的温度需要超过200℃,并低于300℃,以免破坏磷酸三乙酯。优选地,煅烧的温度为210℃至250℃,时间为1.5h至2h。
具体而言, S301中,以质量计,蒙脱石:三氯化铝:柠檬酸:水=(15-20):(4-6):(6-8):100。S302中,以质量计,十二烷基二甲基叔胺:吐温80:磷酸三乙酯:植物油:水=(2-4):(4-6):(8-10):(18-20):100。S303中,以质量计,悬浊液:乳浊液=(120-140):100。
优选地,S301中,以质量计,蒙脱石:三氯化铝:柠檬酸:水=15:4:8:100。S302中,以质量计,十二烷基二甲基叔胺:吐温80:磷酸三乙酯:植物油:水=2:4:8:20:100。S303中,以质量计,悬浊液:乳浊液=120:100。
优选地,在S304之后还包括:
S305、按三氧化二锑:双氧水:水=(2-4):(4-6):100的质量比,将三氧化二锑在水中混合均匀后滴加双氧水并搅拌,搅拌均匀后送入反应釜;
S306、按三氧化二锑:隔热阻燃剂=(6-10):100的质量比,向反应釜中添加通过S304获得的隔热阻燃剂,添加完毕后将反应釜加热至55℃至65℃的温度条件并保温1h至1.5h,保温结束后向反应釜中添加占三氧化二锑质量10%至12%的十二烷基苯磺酸,搅拌均匀后静置1.5h至2h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,获得经过改性的隔热阻燃剂。
进一步优选地,在S305中,三氧化二锑:双氧水:水=4:4:100。在S306中,三氧化二锑:隔热阻燃剂=8:100。双氧水的浓度为28wt%。
出于提高聚氨酯材质车衣的隔热阻燃和阻燃性能的目的,本发明的实施方式制备了如上的隔热阻燃剂。本发明的实施方式以蒙脱石和磷酸三乙酯作为隔热阻燃剂的主要组分之一。磷酸三乙酯作为磷卤阻燃剂,其在燃烧环境中受热分解后形成致密且不燃烧的磷碳膜,从而起到阻燃作用。蒙脱石作为硅酸盐天然矿物,其在燃烧环境中通过吸热和隔热阻燃起到阻止火焰蔓延的作用。为此,本发明的实施方式采用了复配的蒙脱石无机隔热阻燃材料和磷酸三乙酯磷卤阻燃材料,来提高聚氨酯材质车衣的隔热阻燃和阻燃性能。通过将磷酸三乙酯包覆在蒙脱石之外,可以利用蒙脱石的吸热以及隔热阻燃性能,进一步对磷酸三乙酯进行保护,提高磷酸三乙酯以及聚氨酯膜层整体的耐火性能。此外,蒙脱石还可以在一定程度上对聚氨酯的机械性能提高做出帮助。
为了避免蒙脱石团聚,提高其分散性能,本发明首先采用柠檬酸破坏蒙脱石的层状结构,并利用铝离子的阳离子特性对蒙脱石进行插层填充处理,由此增加蒙脱石的层间距。进而,本发明将磷酸三乙酯制备为水油混合的乳浊液。十二烷基二甲基叔胺在其中作为表面活性剂,吐温80在其中作为乳化剂。通过向悬浊液中滴加乳浊液并继续乳化,可以使得蒙脱石颗粒的表面被包覆含有磷酸三乙酯的油相膜层,不仅实现了磷酸三乙酯与蒙脱石的均匀混合,还使得蒙脱石与有机聚合物之间的表面能更为接近,以达到促进蒙脱石均匀分散的目的。最后,通过向乳浊浆料中加碱并陈化,可使得蒙脱石表面形成氢氧化铝膜层,通过煅烧,即可获得氧化铝膜层,由此利用氧化铝赋予阻燃剂以及聚氨酯更好的机械与力学性能。
五氧化二锑作为无机阻燃剂,其在高温下分解为具有较好吸热能力的三氧化二锑,从而起到类似于蒙脱石的阻止火势蔓延的目的。为了更好地提高磷酸三乙酯以及聚氨酯膜层整体的耐火和耐热性能,本发明的实施方式还提供了一种采用五氧化二锑对已经获得的阻燃剂进行进一步改性处理的方法。
三氧化二锑与双氧水中的过氧化氢反应,在搅拌过程中生成五氧化二锑溶胶。通过将五氧化二锑溶胶与隔热阻燃剂混合并进行水热反应,可以在隔热阻燃剂的表面形成五氧化二锑凝胶。水热反应结束后,通过十二烷基苯磺酸进行解胶并静置分层,可以获得表面包覆有五氧化二锑的改性隔热阻燃剂。
实施例1
本发明提供了一种隔热阻燃剂,其制备步骤如下:
S11、按蒙脱石:三氯化铝:柠檬酸:水=15:4:8:100的质量比,将蒙脱石、三氯化铝和柠檬酸在水中混合均匀,获得悬浊液;
S12、按十二烷基二甲基叔胺:吐温80:磷酸三乙酯:植物油:水=2:4:10:20:100的质量比,将十二烷基二甲基叔胺、吐温80、磷酸三乙酯和植物油在水中混合乳化,获得乳浊液;
S13、按悬浊液:乳浊液=120:100的质量比,向悬浊液中滴加乳浊液并搅拌,滴加完毕后继续混合乳化,获得乳浊浆料;
S14、向乳浊浆料中滴加6 wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液并同步搅拌,直至乳浊浆料的pH值达到12,陈化10h后对固形物进行过滤分离、2次水洗,80℃红外烘干,240℃煅烧2h,获得隔热阻燃剂。
实施例2
本发明提供了一种隔热阻燃剂,其制备步骤如下:
S21、按蒙脱石:三氯化铝:柠檬酸:水=20:4:8:100的质量比,将蒙脱石、三氯化铝和柠檬酸在水中混合均匀,获得悬浊液;
S22、按十二烷基二甲基叔胺:吐温80:磷酸三乙酯:植物油:水=2:4:8:20:100的质量比,将十二烷基二甲基叔胺、吐温80、磷酸三乙酯和植物油在水中混合乳化,获得乳浊液;
S23、按悬浊液:乳浊液=120:100的质量比,向悬浊液中滴加乳浊液并搅拌,滴加完毕后继续混合乳化,获得乳浊浆料;
S24、向乳浊浆料中滴加6 wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液并同步搅拌,直至乳浊浆料的pH值达到12,陈化10h后对固形物进行过滤分离、2次水洗,80℃红外烘干,240℃煅烧2h,获得隔热阻燃剂。
实施例3
本发明提供了一种隔热阻燃剂,其制备步骤如下:
S31、按蒙脱石:三氯化铝:柠檬酸:水=15:4:8:100的质量比,将蒙脱石、三氯化铝和柠檬酸在水中混合均匀,获得悬浊液;
S32、按十二烷基二甲基叔胺:吐温80:磷酸三乙酯:植物油:水=2:4:10:20:100的质量比,将十二烷基二甲基叔胺、吐温80、磷酸三乙酯和植物油在水中混合乳化,获得乳浊液;
S33、按悬浊液:乳浊液=120:100的质量比,向悬浊液中滴加乳浊液并搅拌,滴加完毕后继续混合乳化,获得乳浊浆料;
S34、向乳浊浆料中滴加6 wt%的氢氧化钠水溶液并同步搅拌,直至乳浊浆料的pH值达到12,陈化10h后对固形物进行过滤分离、2次水洗,80℃红外烘干,240℃煅烧2h,获得隔热阻燃剂;
S35、按三氧化二锑:双氧水:水=4:4:100的质量比,将三氧化二锑在水中混合均匀后滴加28wt%的双氧水并搅拌,搅拌均匀后送入反应釜;
S36、按三氧化二锑:隔热阻燃剂=8:100的质量比,向反应釜中添加通过S34获得的隔热阻燃剂,添加完毕后将反应釜加热至60℃的温度条件并保温1.5h,保温结束后向反应釜中添加占三氧化二锑质量10%的十二烷基苯磺酸,搅拌均匀后静置1.5h,过滤分离、2次水洗,干燥,获得隔热阻燃剂。
实施例4
本发明提供了一种聚氨酯层状材料,其制备步骤如下:
S41、按聚酯多元醇:端羟基超支化聚酯:隔热阻燃剂:十二烷基苯磺酸钠:二月桂酸二丁基锡:1,2,5-戊三醇=45:15:10:2:1:1的质量比称料,并搅拌混合均匀,获得A组分;其中,隔热阻燃剂为实施例1获得的隔热阻燃剂;
S42、采用异氰酸酯作为B组分,按A组分:B组分=1:1.5的质量比,将所述A组分与所述B组分搅拌聚合2.5h、180℃的温度条件和12 MPa的压力条件熔融挤出、冷却拉伸,获得聚氨酯膜材;
S43、按聚丙烯酰胺:聚苯乙烯:溶剂=6:10:100的质量比,将聚丙烯酰胺和聚苯乙烯先混合均匀后再共同加入由1:4的四氢呋喃和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺配制的溶剂中混合均匀,配制纺丝液;
S44、将纺丝液倒入注射装置,并通过注射装置的毛细针头以2.5ml/h的推进速度将纺丝液喷射至距离18cm之外转速为200rpm的滚筒收集装置进行静电纺丝,静电纺丝的电压为25千伏,在滚筒收集装置中收集获得纤维层;
S45、在两层氨酯层之上分别涂覆施加蒎烯树脂粘接剂,将两层氨酯层在纤维层的上下表面叠加,140℃和1200N热压2min,获得聚氨酯层状材料。
采用GB8410-2006测试实施例4获得的聚氨酯层状材料的燃烧性能,其结果为B。采用织物阻燃性能测试仪测试实施例4获得的聚氨酯层状材料的极限氧指数,其结果为25.8%。
实施例5
本发明提供了一种聚氨酯层状材料,其制备步骤与实施例4相同,区别在于采用的隔热阻燃剂为实施例2获得的隔热阻燃剂。采用相同标准测试实施例5获得的聚氨酯层状材料的燃烧性能,其结果为B。采用相同设备测试实施例5获得的聚氨酯层状材料的极限氧指数,其结果为26.1%。
实施例6
本发明提供了一种聚氨酯层状材料,其制备步骤与实施例4相同,区别在于采用的隔热阻燃剂为实施例3获得的隔热阻燃剂。采用相同标准测试实施例5获得的聚氨酯层状材料的燃烧性能,其结果为A。采用相同设备测试实施例6获得的聚氨酯层状材料的极限氧指数,其结果为27.5%。
虽然本发明披露如上,但本发明并非限定于此。任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,均可作各种更动与修改,因此本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种聚氨酯层状材料的隔热阻燃车衣的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括:
S100、分别制备第一聚氨酯层、第二聚氨酯层和纤维层;
S200、采用粘接剂将所述第一聚氨酯层与所述纤维层的一侧表面粘接,并采用所述粘接剂将所述第二聚氨酯层与所述纤维层的另一侧表面粘接,加热加压成型,获得所述隔热阻燃车衣;
其中,所述第一聚氨酯层和所述第二聚氨酯层中的至少一者包括通过以下步骤制备获得的隔热阻燃剂:
S301、将蒙脱石、三氯化铝和柠檬酸在水中混合均匀,获得悬浊液;
S302、将十二烷基二甲基叔胺、吐温80、磷酸三乙酯和植物油在水中混合乳化,获得乳浊液;
S303、向所述悬浊液中滴加所述乳浊液并搅拌,滴加完毕后继续混合乳化,获得乳浊浆料;
S304、向所述乳浊浆料中滴加碱性溶液并同步搅拌,直至所述乳浊浆料的pH值达到11至12,陈化后对固形物进行煅烧,获得所述隔热阻燃剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一聚氨酯层和所述第二聚氨酯层均通过如下步骤制备:
S111、按聚酯多元醇:端羟基超支化聚酯:隔热阻燃剂:表面活性剂:催化剂:扩链剂=(40-50):(15-20):(8-10):(2-4):(0.5-1):(0.5-1)的质量比称料,并搅拌混合均匀,获得A组分;
S112、采用包括异氰酸酯的原料作为B组分,按A组分:B组分=1:(1.4-1.6)的质量比,将所述A组分与所述B组分搅拌聚合、熔融挤出、冷却拉伸,获得作为所述第一聚氨酯层和所述第二聚氨酯层的材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述表面活性剂包括以下至少之一或其组合:二辛基琥珀酸磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠;和/或
所述催化剂包括以下至少之一或其组合:异辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡;和/或
所述扩链剂包括以下至少之一或其组合:1,2,5-戊三醇、氢醌-双(2-羟乙基醚)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
S111中所述搅拌混合的搅拌转速为400rpm至800rpm,搅拌时间为1h至2h;和/或
S112中所述搅拌聚合的搅拌转速为800rpm至1000rpm,搅拌时间为1.5h至2.5h;和/或
S112中所述熔融挤出的温度为180℃至200℃,压力为12 MPa至16 MPa。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纤维层通过如下步骤制备:
S121、按聚丙烯酰胺:聚苯乙烯:溶剂=(4-6):(8-12):100的质量比,将所述聚丙烯酰胺和所述聚苯乙烯先混合均匀后再共同加入所述溶剂中混合均匀,配制纺丝液;
S122、将所述纺丝液倒入注射装置,并通过所述注射装置的毛细针头将所述纺丝液喷射至滚筒收集装置以通过静电纺丝获得所述纤维层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述溶剂包括质量比为1:(3.5-4)的四氢呋喃和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;和/或
所述静电纺丝的电压为20千伏至30千伏,所述毛细针头和所述滚筒收集装置之间的接收距离为18cm至22cm,所述注射装置的推进速度为2.5ml/h至2.8ml/h,所述滚筒收集装置的转速为180rpm至260rpm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
S200中采用的所述粘接剂为蒎烯树脂粘接剂;和/或
S200中所述加热加压成型采用的加热温度为140℃至150℃,加压压力为1200N至1300N,成型时间为1min至2min。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
S301中,以质量计,蒙脱石:三氯化铝:柠檬酸:水=(15-20):(4-6):(6-8):100;和/或
S302中,以质量计,十二烷基二甲基叔胺:吐温80:磷酸三乙酯:植物油:水=(2-4):(4-6):(8-10):(18-20):100;和/或
S303中,以质量计,悬浊液:乳浊液=(120-140):100。
9.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在S304之后还包括:
S305、按三氧化二锑:双氧水:水=(2-4):(4-6):100的质量比,将所述三氧化二锑在水中混合均匀后滴加所述双氧水并搅拌,搅拌均匀后送入反应釜;
S306、按三氧化二锑:隔热阻燃剂=(6-10):100的质量比,向所述反应釜中添加通过S304获得的所述隔热阻燃剂,添加完毕后将所述反应釜加热至55℃至65℃的温度条件并保温1h至1.5h,保温结束后向所述反应釜中添加占所述三氧化二锑质量10%至12%的十二烷基苯磺酸,搅拌均匀后静置1.5h至2h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,获得经过改性的所述隔热阻燃剂。
10.一种聚氨酯层状材料的隔热阻燃车衣,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯层状材料的隔热阻燃车衣采用如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的制备方法获得。
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