CN117296622A

CN117296622A - Method and device for promoting blueberries to be early matured under greenhouse substrate cultivation condition

Info

Publication number: CN117296622A
Application number: CN202311433887.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邹强; 伍大利; 信贵平; 黄齐军
Original assignee: Guangzhu Yunnan Agriculture Co ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhu Yunnan Agriculture Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-10-31
Filing date: 2023-10-31
Publication date: 2023-12-29
Anticipated expiration: 2043-10-31

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of blueberry planting, and provides a method and a device for promoting blueberry premature under a greenhouse substrate cultivation condition, wherein the method for promoting blueberry premature under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition comprises the steps of culturing blueberry plants in a greenhouse to enable the blueberry plants to grow new branches; after the new shoots of the blueberry plants grow to a predetermined state, the blueberry plants are subjected to a shading treatment for at least fifteen days, the shading treatment step comprising covering the blueberry plants with a shading material during the period of 4 to 7 pm of the shading treatment and removing the shading material during the period of 6 to 9 am of the second day of the shading treatment, the blueberry plants being subjected to light. According to the method provided by the application, the illumination time of the blueberry plant is shortened to induce the blueberry plant to finish flower bud differentiation in advance and enter the growth and development stage of flowers and fruits, so that the blueberry can be promoted to bloom in advance, the mature marketing time of the blueberry is advanced, the diapause and low price risks of a producer are reduced, and the demands of consumers are better met.

Description

Method and device for promoting blueberries to be early matured under greenhouse substrate cultivation condition

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of blueberry planting, in particular to a method and a device for promoting early ripening of blueberries under greenhouse substrate cultivation conditions.

Background

In recent years, as blueberry fruits are rich in various antioxidant substances such as anthocyanin, vitamins and the like, the blueberry fruits have good health care value for health, and the demands of consumers on blueberries are increasing. However, the blueberry fruit supply period is concentrated, and the time of blueberry marketing can not be regulated and controlled, so that manufacturers bear larger risk of diapause or low price, and the requirements of consumers in different time periods are difficult to meet.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application aims to provide a method and a device for promoting blueberries to be early matured under greenhouse substrate cultivation conditions, so that the technical problem that the marketing time of blueberries in the prior art cannot be regulated and controlled, a producer bears larger risk of diapause or low price, and the requirements of consumers in different time periods are difficult to meet is solved.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the application is as follows: the method for promoting the premature of the blueberries under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition comprises the following steps:

culturing blueberry plants in a greenhouse to enable the blueberry plants to grow new branches;

after the new shoots of the blueberry plants grow to a predetermined state, the blueberry plants are subjected to a shading treatment for at least fifteen days, the shading treatment step comprising covering the blueberry plants with a shading material from 4 pm to 7 pm and removing the shading material during the period from 6 pm to 9 pm the next day of the shading treatment, so that the blueberry plants receive light.

In one embodiment, the step of growing a new shoot from a blueberry plant in a greenhouse comprises:

determining the month when the temperature of the blueberry plant planting area is obviously reduced according to the previous temperature conditions of the blueberry plant planting area for a plurality of years;

at least part of new branches of the blueberry plants grow in the 3 rd month or 4 th month before the month of obviously reduced air temperature of the blueberry plant planting area.

In one embodiment, the shading treatment step is performed at 6 to 8 months per year.

In one embodiment, the effective daily illumination time of the blueberry plants in the shading treatment step is from 8.5 hours to 11 hours.

In one embodiment, in the shading treatment step, the shading material is a flexible material having a shading rate of 80% or more.

In one embodiment, the shading step is performed after the last round of shoots of the blueberry plant are grown to half lignification, or are greater than or equal to 5cm in length.

In one embodiment, before the shading step, the method further comprises: in the process of growing new branches of the blueberry plants, the new branches of the blueberry plants reach a preset uniformity through one or more modes of stumping, trimming weak branches and picking.

In one embodiment, when the shading treatment step is performed after 8 months, the blueberry plants are treated during the period of expansion of the blueberry plants and fruits in at least one of the following ways:

when the length of the greenhouse exceeds the preset length, removing the greenhouse film in the middle part area of the greenhouse;

the method comprises the steps that a side film capable of being rolled up or put down is used on a greenhouse, and the side film is kept in a rolled state in at least part of the period of fruit expansion of blueberry plants;

supplementing carbon dioxide into the greenhouse;

and (5) supplementing light to blueberry plants in the greenhouse.

In one embodiment, the longitude of the planting area of the blueberry plant is between 95 ° and 115 ° east longitude, and the latitude of the planting area of the blueberry plant is between 21 ° north latitude and 29 ° north latitude.

In one embodiment, the variety of the blueberry plant is jewelry, post-day, emerald, birocxi or WZ1.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the device that promotes early ripening of blueberry under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition that this application still provides for carry out the method that promotes early ripening of blueberry under the above-mentioned greenhouse substrate cultivation condition, the device that promotes early ripening of blueberry under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition includes bearing structure and shading material, bearing structure locates inside or outside the greenhouse, the shading material including support in bearing structure is last top shading film and lateral part shading film, the width direction rolling of greenhouse can be followed to the top shading film for carry out shading to the top of blueberry plant and handle, lateral part shading film encloses the periphery of locating the blueberry plant, can follow vertical direction rolling, and be used for carrying out shading to the lateral part of blueberry plant.

The method and the device for promoting the premature of the blueberries under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition have the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the method for promoting the premature of the blueberries under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition provided by the application can induce the blueberry plants to rapidly finish flower bud differentiation by shortening the illumination time of the blueberry plants, and enter the growth and development stage of flowers and fruits, so that the effect of promoting the premature of the blueberries and enabling the marketing time of the blueberries to be adjustable can be achieved, producers can flexibly adjust the marketing time of the blueberries according to market demands and mispriming peak periods, further the risk of diapause and low price is reduced, fresh picked blueberries can be provided for consumers in a specific time period in one year, and the demands of the consumers can be better met.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required for the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for promoting early ripening of blueberries under greenhouse substrate cultivation conditions provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a second flow chart of a method for promoting premature blueberries under greenhouse substrate cultivation conditions provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a top-hat shoot map of blueberry plants (jewelry) provided in the examples of the present application after 3 weeks of shading treatment;

fig. 4 is a top shoot plot of a control blueberry plant (jewelry) provided in the example of the present application after 3 weeks of blank treatment;

fig. 5 is a graph of fruit pick per plant of blueberry plants (jewelry) provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a graph of fruit pick per plant of blueberry plants (after day) provided in the examples of the present application.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and intended for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.

Referring to fig. 1, a method for promoting early ripening of blueberries under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition provided by the embodiment of the application will now be described. The method for promoting the blueberries to be early matured under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition comprises the following steps:

and step S10, culturing the blueberry plants in a greenhouse to enable the blueberry plants to grow new branches.

Step S20, after the new branches of the blueberry plants grow to be in a predetermined state, performing a shading treatment on the blueberry plants for at least fifteen days, wherein the shading treatment step comprises covering the blueberry plants with a shading material during the period from 4 to 7 pm of the shading treatment and removing the shading material during the period from 6 to 9 am of the second day of the shading treatment, so that the blueberry plants receive light.

In this example, the variety of blueberry plants may be south high Cong Lanmei, such as, for example, florida blue, xia Pulan, orney, mist, and the like. The variety of blueberry plants may also be north high-plexus blueberries, such as, for example, blue-rich, conville, darcy, blue gold, blue line, eliotte, duke, berkeley, zest, brix, chandler, sunrise, tao Rou, bonus, north village, north land, north blue, arctic, san Jose, and the like. The variety of the blueberry plant may also be half-height Cong Lanmei, such as, for example, northland, northvillage, northblue, ji Peiwa, friendship, cloud rise, northcontrol, northland, northstar, northland, northvillage, northblue, and the like. The variety of blueberry plants may also be bushy blueberries, such as maytansine, chiston, starburst, brijita, slips, fenpedicel, and the like. The variety of blueberry plants may also be rabbit eye blueberries, such as teppanyaki, ballerde, gatepost, jerabbit, blattbular blue, taitant, and the like.

Preferably, the variety of blueberry plants is jewelry, post-day, you rui ka, spanish, emerald, beloxen, WZ1, M55, M66, M86, M51, 1545, 1502, 1542, 15122, and the like. Preferably, the longitude of the planting area of the blueberry plants may be between 95 ° and 115 ° east longitude, and the latitude of the planting area of the blueberry plants may be between 21 ° north latitude and 29 ° north latitude. For example, the planting area of the blueberry plant can be a Yunnan with a longitude range of about 97 ° -106 ° and a latitude range of about 21 ° -29 ° north latitude, and a high altitude area at the Yunnan, wherein most areas are in a plateau climate, and meanwhile have moderate cold accumulation and high sunshine hours, so that the planting area of the blueberry plant is suitable for growth of the blueberry plant, for example, the planting area of the blueberry plant can be Guangzhou, the illumination condition of the Guangzhou is relatively sufficient, and the planting method is also suitable for growth of the blueberry plant, and of course, the method provided by the embodiment can also be applied to blueberry plants planted in other areas.

In this embodiment, before or after the light shielding treatment is performed on the blueberry plants, the blueberry plants may be cultured under natural illumination conditions, or light supplementing treatment may be performed on the blueberry plants on the basis of natural illumination, and may be set as required, which is not limited only in this embodiment.

Also, in this example, the blueberry plant may be a new seedling or elder Miao, and "the blueberry plant grows a new shoot" may be understood as the blueberry plant has entered the growing period (vegetative growth). For new seedlings, the blueberry plants undergo the process from seed or cutting to root system establishment and basic growth, and when growth conditions such as illumination, temperature, water and fertilizer are satisfied, the blueberry plants enter the growth period and start to grow new branches. For old seedlings, the seedling will enter a dormant period after the fruit picking of the previous year, and under the stimulation of factors such as illumination, temperature, fertilizer water and the like, the blueberry plants will reenter the growth period from the dormant period, and new branches grow again.

In the step S20, the shading treatment may be started after the new branches grow out from the blueberry plants, or the shading treatment may be started after the branches of the last round of blueberry plants grow to be in a semi-lignified state, or the shading treatment may be started after the branches of the last round of blueberry plants grow to a length of 5cm or more. Of course, the shading treatment may also be started after the growth of new shoots of blueberry plants is in other states. That is, in the above step S20, the starting time of the shading treatment can be determined by the growth condition of the new shoots of the blueberry plant.

The growth condition of the new branches of the blueberry plants is related to environmental factors such as air temperature, illumination intensity and the like in a greenhouse, the growth condition of the new branches of the blueberry plants is also related to factors such as planting time of the blueberry plants when the blueberry plants are new seedlings, and the growth condition of the new branches of the blueberry plants is also related to factors such as trimming time of the blueberry plants when the blueberry plants are elder Miao, so that the expected starting time of shading treatment can be determined firstly, and then the new branches of the blueberry plants can grow to an expected preset state at the expected starting time of shading treatment by means of trimming the blueberry plants, changing the temperature in the greenhouse and the like according to the expected starting time of shading treatment. The shading treatment may desirably be carried out from 4 months to 10 months, such as from 4 months to 5 months, such as from 5 months to 6 months, such as from 6 months to 7 months, such as from 7 months to 8 months, and such as from 6 months to 8 months, each year.

Also, in the above step S20, the total number of days of the light shielding treatment may be 15 days to 4 months, for example, 15 days, 16 days, 21 days, 24 days, 25 days, 30 days, 40 days, 45 days, 50 days, 60 days, 90 days, or the like, which is not limited only in this embodiment.

Note that, the light shielding treatment may be continuously performed, for example, when the total number of days of the light shielding treatment is twenty-one days, the light shielding material may be used to cover the blueberry plants when the light shielding treatment is continuously performed on 8 months 1 day to 8 months 21 days, that is, during 4 to 7 afternoons on 8 months 1 day; the shade material was removed or opened during 6 to 9 am on 8 month 2 and the blueberry plants were covered with the shade material during 4 to 7 pm on 8 month 2, and so on, until the shade material was removed or opened during 6 to 9 am on 8 month 21, the blueberry plants were covered with the shade material during 4 to 7 pm on 8 month 21, and the shade treatment for twenty consecutive days was completed after the shade material was removed or opened during 6 to 9 am on 8 month 22.

The shading treatment may also be performed at intervals, for example, when the total number of days of shading treatment is twenty-one days, ten days of shading treatment may be continuously performed from 8 months 1 day to 8 months 10 days, and after two days of interval, ten days of shading treatment may be continuously performed from 8 months 13 days to 8 months 23 days, that is, the blueberry plants are covered with the shading material during 4 to 7 hours in afternoon from 8 months 1 day; the shade material was removed or opened during 6 to 9 hours of morning 8 month No. 2, and so on, the blueberry plants were covered with the shade material during 4 to 7 hours of afternoon 8 month No. 10, and the shade material was removed or opened during 6 to 9 hours of afternoon 8 month No. 11, completing the ten day shade treatment. And covering the blueberry plants with a light shielding material during the period of 4 to 7 pm on day 13 of 8 months after the interval of two days; the shade material is removed or opened during 6 to 9 am of 8 months 14, and so on, the blueberry plants are covered with the shade material during 4 to 7 pm of 8 months 23, and the shade material is removed or opened during 6 to 9 am of 8 months 24, completing the ten-day shade treatment, so twenty-one day shade treatment can be cumulatively completed.

In the shading treatment, the blueberry plants can be covered by the shading material at any time in the period from 4 hours to 7 hours of the afternoon of the day when the shading treatment is required, the shading material is removed or opened at any time in the period from 6 hours to 9 hours of the afternoon of the shading treatment, the shading treatment of one day is completed, and the effective daily illumination time of the blueberry plants can be 8.5 hours to 11 hours, such as 8.5 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 10.5 hours or 11 hours in the shading treatment step. In addition, the time for covering the shading material every day can be the same or different in the whole shading treatment process, and the time for removing the shading material can be the same or different. Illustratively, the day of the shade treatment is thirty days, 5 pm of the day of the shade treatment, the blueberry plants are masked with the shade material, and the shade material is removed at 7 am of the next day of the shade treatment.

The shading material is a flexible material, and specifically, the shading material can be made of one or more materials selected from cloth, cotton, plastic, rubber, knitted fabric and plant fiber. For example, the light shielding material may be a light shielding cloth or a light shielding plastic film. The light shielding rate of the light shielding material may be 80%, 82%, 84%, 86%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97% or 99.99%, or the like, and may be set as required, which is not limited solely in this embodiment. For example, the light shielding material may be provided as a grass protection cloth having a light shielding rate of 99.9% to 99.99%. The shading rate of the shading material is limited to be more than or equal to 80%, and the effect of promoting the blueberry plants to bloom and mature in advance is good.

Compared with the prior art, the method for promoting the premature of the blueberries under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition has the advantages that the illumination time of the blueberry plants is shortened to induce the blueberry plants to rapidly finish flower bud differentiation, the flower bud growth and development stage is entered, the effect of promoting the premature of the blueberries and enabling the marketing time of the blueberries to be adjustable can be achieved, producers can flexibly adjust the marketing time of the blueberries according to market demands and mispriming peak periods, further the risk of diapause and low price is reduced, and fresh picked blueberries can be provided for consumers in a specific time period (such as the beginning of the year at the end of year) so as to better meet the demands of consumers.

Specifically, the producer can move the picking period of blueberries forward to 1-3 months or earlier per year, avoid the picking peak period of 4-5 months per year, and greatly improve the average price of blueberries. For producers with larger planting scale, different early promotion operations can be carried out on blueberries of a plurality of farms, so that the fruit picking periods of the farms are staggered, the situation that a large number of blueberries are on the market in a short time is avoided as much as possible, and the risk of low price or sale is reduced. And moreover, producers can reasonably arrange the number of fruits on the market per month in the adjustable harvesting time period from 8 months per year to 5 months of the next year through market research, flexibly cope with market change and avoid a large number of blueberries on the market from being on the market when the number of blueberries on the market is large.

In order to better illustrate the effect and principle of the method for promoting the premature of blueberries under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition, the technical conception of the embodiment is illustrated, the embodiment considers the influence of various factors such as water and fertilizer stress, medicines, shading and the like on promoting the premature of the blueberries, and a plurality of rounds of experiments are carried out on blueberry plants such as jewelry, postday, WZ1, birocxi, emerald and the like.

Taking blueberry plants with varieties of jewelry, postnatal and WZ1 as examples, in a first round of test, four test groups and a blank control group are arranged, wherein the four test groups are respectively water and fertilizer stress test groups (XP); drug treatment test group (YW); the water and fertilizer stress treatment comprises water and fertilizer stress, a drug treatment test group (XP+YW) and a shading treatment test group (ZG), wherein the water and fertilizer stress treatment refers to adjusting the nitrogen-potassium ratio to be low nitrogen and high potassium and controlling the irrigation water quantity to be one third of that of a control group. The medicine treatment refers to spraying the paclobutrazol on the leaf surface. The test conditions of shading treatment comprise that a shading film with shading rate of more than 80% is used for completely shading blueberry plants, the shading film is pulled open at the position of 40 min-8 min in the morning every day, the shading film is folded at the position of 40 min-6 min in the afternoon for shading, the effective illumination time is 10 hours every day, and the effective illumination time is reduced by 1.5 hours every day compared with a control group.

Table 1 below shows the differentiation of the bottom, top and flower buds of blueberry plants of the variety jewelry, post-day and WZ1 after 3 weeks of the test, and it can be seen that the number of bottom, top and flower buds of the shade-treated test group (ZG) is significantly greater than that of the other test and control groups (DZ), and that shade-treatment is a key factor in promoting flower bud formation in blueberry plants.

Table 1 shows the differentiation of the shoots and flower buds of jewelry, post-day and WZ1 blueberry plants after 3 weeks

To further demonstrate the effect of the shading treatment on the premature promotion of blueberry plants, this embodiment also designed a second round of experiments in which a shading test group and a blank control group were set, and the second round of test results are described below by taking blueberry plants of the varieties jewelry, M86 and 1545 as examples, wherein the M86 blueberry plants belong to the eulerka series in the blueberry varieties, the 1545 blueberry plants belong to the spanish series in the blueberry varieties, and the test conditions for the shading treatment include: the blueberry plants are completely shielded by using the shading film with the shading rate of more than 80 percent, the shading film is pulled open at the position of 40 minutes to 8 minutes in the morning every day, the shading film is folded at the position of 40 to 6 minutes in the afternoon for shading, the effective illumination time per day is 10 hours, and the effective illumination time per day is reduced by 1.5 hours compared with the control group.

Referring to tables 2 to 4, table 2 is a table showing the differentiation of flower buds of blueberry plants of the variety jewelry after 15 days of shading treatment. Table 3 shows the flower bud differentiation conditions of the blueberry plants with jewelry of the variety after 3 weeks of shading treatment, table 4 shows the flower bud differentiation conditions of the blueberry plants with jewelry of the variety after 4 weeks of shading treatment, refer to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, and FIG. 3 shows the canopy shoot map of the blueberry plants with jewelry of the variety after 3 weeks of shading treatment. Fig. 4 is a top shoot map of a control blueberry plant of jewelry variety after 3 weeks of blank treatment. From tables 2 to 4 and fig. 3 and 4, it can be seen that the shading treatment can effectively promote the formation of flower buds of the blueberry plants of the pearl baby, and that part of flower buds are in a macroscopic state within 15 days, 3 weeks and 4 weeks, and that the shading treatment can effectively promote the blueberry plants to enter flower and fruit development in advance.

Table 2 blueberry plants of the variety jewelry are shown in the differentiation of flower buds after 15 days of shading treatment

TABLE 3 differentiation of flower buds of blueberry plants with jewelry variety after 3 weeks of shading treatment

Table 4 blueberry plants of the variety jewelry are shown in the differentiation of flower buds after 4 weeks of shading treatment

Referring to tables 5 and 6, table 5 is a table showing the differentiation of flower buds of a blueberry plant of variety 1545 after 15 days of shading treatment, and table 6 is a table showing the differentiation of flower buds of a blueberry plant of variety M86 after 15 days of shading treatment. From tables 5 and 6, it can be seen that after 15 days of shading treatment, the blueberry plants with varieties 1545 and M86 are in bud germination and flowering states, and the control group is not in bud germination and flowering states, so that the shading treatment can further prove that the blueberry plants with various varieties can be effectively promoted to enter flower and fruit development in advance, and the practicability is good.

Table 5 blueberry plants of variety 1545 are shown in the differentiation of flower buds after 15 days of shading treatment

Table 6 differentiation of flower buds of blueberry plant of variety M86 after shading treatment for 15 days

In another embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 2, step S10, that is, culturing blueberry plants in a greenhouse to grow new branches from blueberry plants, includes the following steps:

and S11, determining the month when the air temperature of the blueberry plant planting area is obviously reduced according to the air temperature condition of the blueberry plant planting area for a plurality of years.

Step S12, at least partial new branches of the blueberry plants grow in the 3 rd month or 4 th month before the month of obviously reduced air temperature of the blueberry plant planting area.

As shown in the foregoing, the growth condition of the new branches of the blueberry plants is affected by environmental factors, planting time, pruning time and other factors, so in the step S11, the month in which the air temperature of the blueberry plant planting area is obviously reduced is determined, and at least part of the new branches of the blueberry plants grow out in the 3 rd month or 4 th month before the month in which the air temperature of the blueberry plant planting area is obviously reduced by adjusting environmental factors in a greenhouse, the planting time, the pruning time and other methods.

Illustratively, from meteorological data of the calendar year of Kunming in Yunnan, the weather data of the calendar year of Kunming in Yunnan is known as 9 months, 8 months and 9 months respectively, then 9 months can be taken as the month of the significant decrease of the weather of the Kunming in 2024, then at 2024, by adjusting environmental factors in a greenhouse, planting time, pruning time and the like, a part of new branches of the blueberry plants planted in Kunming in 5 months or 6 months can be grown, and after the part of new branches of the blueberry plants grow, the blueberry plants can be subjected to shading treatment, or after the last round of new branches of the blueberry plants grow to a preset length, for example, at least a part of new branches of the blueberry can grow in 6 months or 7 months, and the blueberry plants can be subjected to shading treatment.

According to the method for promoting early ripening of blueberries under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition, the month with most obvious temperature or illumination drop in the current year of blueberry plant planting is determined according to the weather condition of the blueberry planting area in the past year, and at least part of new branches grow on the blueberry plants in the third month or the fourth month before the month with most obvious temperature drop, so that from the first day of shading treatment, flower buds differentiate about 3 weeks, flowers begin to bloom after about two months, fruits begin to be harvested after two to three months after the beginning of flowering, a better early ripening promoting effect is achieved, accumulation of photosynthetic products is guaranteed, and higher yield of blueberries is achieved.

Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a graph showing fruit pick-up amounts of individual blueberry plants of jewelry, wherein curves L1, L2 and L3 are respectively a fruit pick-up amount curve of individual blueberry plants of jewelry subjected to shading treatment in a first round of test, a fruit pick-up amount curve of individual blueberry plants of pearl blueberries of a control group in the first round of test, and a fruit pick-up amount curve of individual blueberry plants of jewelry under field condition culture, and it can be seen from fig. 5 that fruit pick-up amounts of individual blueberry plants of jewelry subjected to shading treatment are increased by 108% compared with the control group and are increased by 56% compared with the average field. The shading treatment can promote the early ripening of the pearl blueberry plants and has the effect of increasing the yield.

Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a graph of fruit picking rate of a single plant of a blueberry plant after a day, wherein curves L4 and L5 are respectively a single plant fruit picking rate curve of a blueberry plant after a day of shading treatment in a first round of test and a single plant fruit picking rate curve of a blueberry plant after a control group in the first round of test, and as can be seen from fig. 6, the fruit picking rate of a single plant of a blueberry plant after a day of shading treatment is increased by 2.7% compared with the control group. The shading treatment can promote the premature of blueberry plants after days and has the effect of increasing yield.

In another embodiment of the present application, the shading treatment step is performed at 6 to 8 months per year. As the illumination is usually sufficient within the period of 6 months to 8 months each year, the illumination time of the blueberry plants is shortened within the period, the flower bud differentiation of the blueberry plants can be promoted, the blueberry plants can enter the growth and development period of flowers and fruits in advance, and a sufficient quantity of photosynthetic products can still be accumulated by the blueberry plants under the condition of short sunlight to form a large number of flower buds, so that the effects of promoting the early ripening of the blueberries and increasing the yield of the blueberries are achieved. In addition, blueberry plants subjected to shading treatment in 6 to 8 months of the year can be generally put on the market in the early years of the next year and in the off-season of blueberry supply, so that the market demand can be met and the economic benefit of the blueberries is improved.

In another embodiment of the present application, the effective daily illumination time of the blueberry plants in the shading treatment step is from 8.5 hours to 11 hours, such as 8.5 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, or 11 hours. By the design, the phenomenon that the light shielding is too short to achieve the induction effect can be avoided, flower bud differentiation is rapidly completed by inducing the blueberry plants through short sunlight, the flower bud growth and development stage is rapidly entered, the premature of the blueberries is effectively promoted, meanwhile, the blueberry plants can be subjected to more illumination as much as possible, the accumulation of photosynthetic products is facilitated, and the blueberry yield is improved.

In another embodiment of the present application, before the shading step, the method further includes: in the process of growing new branches of the blueberry plants, the new branches of the blueberry plants reach a preset uniformity through one or more modes of stumping, trimming weak branches and picking.

According to the method for promoting the premature of blueberries under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition, the new branches of the blueberry plants are kept in the same normal state as much as possible before the shading treatment operation, so that the quantity of blueberry fruits in the first batch which are formed early is high, the quantity of blueberries in the first batch which are on the market is high, the economic benefits of producers can be improved, and in addition, the blueberries with high quantity can be picked just by picking for the first time, the picking efficiency can be improved, and the picking cost of the producers can be reduced.

In another embodiment of the present application, the shading step is performed after the last round of shoots of the blueberry plant are grown to half lignification, or after the last round of shoots of the blueberry plant are grown to a length of greater than or equal to 5 cm. The flower buds of the new branches can be formed rapidly under the state, the rapid flower development result can be achieved, the method is suitable for starting the shading treatment, the suitable time for starting the shading treatment is provided, the blueberries can be effectively promoted to be premature, the shortening of the days of shading operation is facilitated, and the cost for promoting the blueberries to be premature in a shading mode is reasonably controlled.

In another embodiment of the present application, when the shading treatment step is performed after 8 months, during the period of growing the blueberry plants and the fruits, at least one of the following four methods is adopted to treat the blueberry plants, wherein the four methods are respectively that when the length of the greenhouse exceeds a predetermined length, the greenhouse film in the middle part area of the greenhouse is taken out; the method comprises the steps that a side film capable of being rolled up or put down is used on a greenhouse, and the side film is kept in a rolled state in at least part of the period of fruit expansion of blueberry plants; supplementing carbon dioxide into the greenhouse; and supplementing light to the blueberry plants in the greenhouse.

The temperature is generally reduced in the fruit expansion period of the blueberry plants subjected to shading treatment after 8 months, cold-proof treatment is needed, and when the greenhouse is provided with the edge films, the edge films are put down, so that the blueberry plants are easily insufficient in illumination, poor in ventilation and insufficient in carbon dioxide; in addition, the illumination temperature in winter time period is low, the fruit expansion is not facilitated, the problem of poor fruit expansion can be solved through the four treatment modes, and the quality of the fruit is improved.

The utility model provides a still provide a promote device of early ripeness of blueberry under big-arch shelter matrix cultivation condition for carry out the method of promoting the early ripeness of blueberry under the above-mentioned big-arch shelter matrix cultivation condition, the device of promoting the early ripeness of blueberry under the big-arch shelter matrix cultivation condition includes bearing structure and shading material, bearing structure locates inside or outside the big-arch shelter, the shading material is including bearing the top shading membrane and the lateral part shading membrane on bearing structure, the width direction rolling of big-arch shelter can be followed to the top shading membrane for carry out shading to the top of blueberry plant and handle, the lateral part shading membrane encloses the periphery of locating the blueberry plant, can follow vertical direction rolling, and be used for carrying out shading to the lateral part of blueberry plant.

The device for promoting the premature of the blueberries under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition can provide short sunlight for the blueberry plants to induce the blueberry plants to rapidly finish flower bud differentiation, enter into the growth and development stage of flowers and fruits, can achieve the effect of promoting the premature of the blueberries and enabling the marketing time of the blueberries to be adjustable, enables producers to flexibly adjust the marketing time of the blueberries according to market demands and mispriming fruit peak periods, further reduces the risk of diapause and low price, and can also provide fresh picked blueberries for consumers in a specific time period in one year, so that the demands of the consumers are better met.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present application is not intended to be limiting, but is intended to cover any and all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for promoting the precocity of blueberries under greenhouse substrate cultivation conditions, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

after the new shoots of the blueberry plants grow to a predetermined state, the blueberry plants are subjected to a shading treatment for at least fifteen days, the shading treatment step comprising covering the blueberry plants with a shading material during the period of 4 to 7 pm and removing the shading material during the period of 6 to 9 am the next day of the shading treatment, so that the blueberry plants receive light.

2. The method of promoting early ripening of blueberries in a greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step of growing new shoots of blueberry plants in the greenhouse comprises:

3. The method of promoting premature blueberry using the greenhouse substrate according to claim 1, wherein the shading treatment step is performed at 6 to 8 months per year.

4. The method for promoting premature of blueberries under greenhouse substrate cultivation conditions according to claim 1, wherein the effective daily illumination time of the blueberry plants in the shading treatment step is 8.5 to 11 hours.

5. The method for promoting premature of blueberries under cultivation conditions of a greenhouse substrate according to claim 1, wherein in the shading treatment step, the shading material is a flexible material with a shading rate of 80% or more.

6. The method for promoting early ripening of blueberries under greenhouse substrate cultivation conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shading step is performed after the last round of shoots of the blueberry plants grow to half lignification or have a length of 5cm or more.

7. The method of promoting premature blueberry using the greenhouse substrate according to claim 1, further comprising, before the shading step: in the process of growing new branches of the blueberry plants, the new branches of the blueberry plants reach a preset uniformity through one or more modes of stumping, trimming weak branches and picking.

8. The method of promoting early ripening of blueberries in a greenhouse substrate culture according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the longitude of the planting area of the blueberry plants is between 95 ° and 115 ° east longitude and the latitude of the planting area of the blueberry plants is between 21 ° north latitude and 29 ° north latitude.

9. The device for promoting the premature of blueberries under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition is used for implementing the method for promoting the premature of blueberries under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition according to any one of claims 1-8, and is characterized in that the device for promoting the premature of blueberries under the greenhouse substrate cultivation condition comprises a supporting structure and a shading material, wherein the supporting structure is arranged inside or outside the greenhouse, the shading material comprises a top shading film and a side shading film, the top shading film is supported on the supporting structure, the top shading film can be wound along the width direction of the greenhouse and is used for shading the top of a blueberry plant, the side shading film is arranged on the periphery of the blueberry plant in a surrounding mode and can be wound along the vertical direction and is used for shading the side of the blueberry plant.