CN109729908B - Method for guaranteeing sprouting uniformity of overlength main vines of grapes in soil-buried cultivation area in north - Google Patents
Method for guaranteeing sprouting uniformity of overlength main vines of grapes in soil-buried cultivation area in north Download PDFInfo
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- CN109729908B CN109729908B CN201910147013.4A CN201910147013A CN109729908B CN 109729908 B CN109729908 B CN 109729908B CN 201910147013 A CN201910147013 A CN 201910147013A CN 109729908 B CN109729908 B CN 109729908B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 title claims description 14
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly provides a method for guaranteeing the sprouting uniformity of an overlength main vine of a grape in a northern soil-buried cultivation area, which comprises the following steps: after the safe overwintering and before the expansion period, the grape branches and tendrils are immediately and smoothly planted on the ground in the planting rows after being unearthed, and the water of the branches and tendrils is directly supplemented a small amount of times at a high frequency until the sprouting period or the early sprouting period is close to the sprouting period and then the grape branches and tendrils are put on the shelf. The method directly supplements the water of the branches and tendrils in a high-frequency small quantity for multiple times, prevents the frequent dry cold season wind in spring from airing the bud eyes at the front part of the super-long main tendrils, and improves the germination rate and the uniformity of the long extended tips; the method can be adopted to put the trees on the shelves according to the conventional years or the indication of the germination process of the trees in spring without worrying about the early or early and late; the invention fully exerts the automatic or semi-automatic advantages of the high-standard modern vineyard drip irrigation equipment, improves the water utilization rate and reduces the labor cost; the method can supplement the water of the grape branches and tendrils in time, does not increase the water content of the soil too much, and is beneficial to the ground temperature rise in spring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for guaranteeing the sprouting uniformity of an overlong main vine of a grape in a northern soil-buried cultivation area.
Background
In most northern grape soil-buried cultivation areas in China, due to the dry and cold climate conditions in winter and spring, the heat preservation and moisture preservation of grape branches and tendrils are particularly important, and the cultivation habit of burying the grape branches and tendrils in soil for overwintering is prolonged for thousands of years. Similarly, due to the cold weather in winter and spring, the length of the main vine of the grape vine in the soil-buried cultivation area extending forwards every year is only about dozens of centimeters to 1 meter, and long lengthened branches often have serious germination obstacles after winter and spring, so that the rapid forming of the grape vine is limited, and the effective utilization rate of the annual growth amount is low. However, the vine character of grapes and the concentrated high heat in summer enable the annual growth of new minor shoots of grapevines in most soil-buried cultivation areas in northern China to be accumulated to be dozens of meters or even more than one hundred meters. In order to improve the effective utilization rate of the growth amount of the grapevine and comprehensively regulate and control the tree vigor state of the grapevine, the rapid forming and culturing of the large tree body structure of the grapevine becomes a technical problem which is urgently needed to be solved in the grape cultivation of the region, wherein the problem of guaranteeing the germination rate of the ultralong main vine bud eyes becomes a key limiting factor.
When grapes are cultivated in a soil-buried area in the north, the water loss of branches and tendrils is 10-20% when the grapes are in a dormant state in a growing season, the grapes need to be supplemented before sprouting in the next year, in order to improve and stabilize the sprouting rate of grape branch eyes, proper late emergence or staged emergence is generally adopted, the branches and tendrils of grape vines are not erected firstly after emergence, water is poured in time, and the branches and tendrils of grape vines begin to sprout and then are erected, so that the problem of water loss and stem drawing of the grape vines caused by the wind-cold effect in spring is solved.
The management method for the grapevines in the soil-burying area before germination has the following defects that (1) the unearthed time is difficult to hold, the unearthed time is difficult to accurately judge the appropriate late unearthed or staged unearthed time due to large fluctuation of temperature in the northern spring of China, the unearthed time is often too early or too late, the bud eyes are enlarged at night, the damage caused by collision in subsequent operation is large, the branches and tendrils are seriously dehydrated at too early, and the stability of the germination rate is influenced. (2) Watering is carried out after the soil is excavated, most of water is supplemented into the soil, the water content of the soil can be increased excessively in the period due to sufficient water for watering before winter and limited water loss during the period of freezing in winter (particularly soil in the rhizosphere), the soil temperature is unfavorable for rising again in spring, the germination stage can be delayed, meanwhile, when the wind-cold effect in spring is obvious, the water in branches and tendrils can not be supplemented in time, and the germination rate is difficult to guarantee.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the characteristics that the water loss of the branches and tendrils is 10-20% when the grapevine is transferred to the dormant branches and tendrils in the growing season and the water needs to be supplemented before sprouting in the next year, the invention provides a method for ensuring the sprouting uniformity of the main tendrils of the grapes in the soil-buried cultivation area in the north,
the invention discloses a method for guaranteeing the sprouting uniformity of overlength main vines of grapes in a northern buried cultivation area, which comprises the following specific steps of:
after the safe overwintering and before the expansion period, the grape branches and tendrils are immediately and smoothly planted on the ground in the planting rows after being unearthed, and the water of the branches and tendrils is directly supplemented a small amount of times at a high frequency until the sprouting period or the early sprouting period is close to the sprouting period and then the grape branches and tendrils are put on the shelf.
Wherein, the overlength main vine refers to an annual branch with the effective length of more than 1 meter (inclusive) of the main vine cut in the last year.
Wherein, the water of the branches and the tendrils is directly supplemented, and the branches and the tendrils are directly sprayed or drip-irrigated, preferably drip-irrigated.
The high frequency is a little repeated, and is highly combined with the windy weather in spring, specifically, the water is supplemented for 1-2 times every day in the wind-cold weather after the soil comes out, the watering amount is about 0.8-1 liter per water dropper every time about 0.5 hour every time. (dripper density 3 m × 0.4 m, about 550 drippers per mu.)
The invention also provides a method for guaranteeing the sprouting uniformity of the overlength main vines of grapes in the northern soil-buried cultivation area, and application of the method in grape soil-buried cultivation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method of the invention takes direct branch and vine water supplement as a main part, is highly combined with the windy weather in spring, adopts high frequency to supplement branch and vine water for a small amount of times, and prevents the frequent dry and cold wind in spring from airing the bud eyes at the front part of the overlong main vine so as to improve the germination rate and the uniformity of the long extended tips.
(2) The method of the invention basically needs to come out and put on shelves normally according to the conventional year or the spring germination process of the indicated trees, and the influence of the trees in the early or the early and the late is not needed to be worried about.
(3) The method of the invention fully exerts the automatic or semi-automatic advantages of the high-standard modern vineyard drip irrigation equipment, improves the utilization rate of water and reduces the labor cost.
(4) The method can supplement the insufficient moisture of the branches and tendrils of the grapes in time, cannot increase the moisture content of the soil too much, and is favorable for the ground temperature rising again in spring.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Modifications or substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
In 2017, in the valley region of Beijing, Machangying Zhengzhengdacun, the grape variety is Ruidexiangyu', the shaping mode is a smooth horizontal long trunk shape, the branches except for the trunk extended tip are trimmed with extremely short tips, the tree age is 3 years, and the trimming length of the main spread long tip in the last year is more than 2.0 meters.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
after the safe overwintering, the unearthed grape branches and tendrils are finished in 5 days of 4 months, the grape branches and tendrils are unearthed and are arranged on the ground in the planting rows, 5 times of drip irrigation is carried out between the germination period (17 days of 4 months) to supplement the water content of the grape branches and tendrils in total, the drip irrigation time is respectively 8 days of 4 months, 10 days (2 times) and 13 days (2 times), the water dripping time is 0.5 hour each time, and the water yield is 0.85 liter/water dropper (about 550 water droppers per mu). Directly supplementing the water of the branches and tendrils until the branches and tendrils are close to the germination stage or the initial stage of the germination, and then putting the main tendrils of the grapes on the shelf and guiding the main tendrils of the grapes on the shelf within 4 months and 18 days. After the branch and vine moisture is supplemented by drip irrigation and the branches and vines are set up at night, the germination rate of the main vines trimmed in an overlong way is well guaranteed and is obviously higher than that of a control group and a conventional furrow irrigation group (see table 1 for details). Meanwhile, compared with furrow irrigation, the method greatly saves the actual water consumption in the field.
TABLE 1 Effect of drip irrigation to supplement grape vine water and traditional furrow irrigation on sprouting of ultra-long main vine (2017)
Note: the soil moisture at the bottom is sufficient after the soil is excavated in spring in the year, the drip irrigation is not carried out to supplement the soil moisture, and the difference is obvious (P is less than 0.05) indicated by different lower case letters in the surface.
Example 2
In 2017, the place is eighty mu of village in city gate streets in Beijing area, the variety is Meile, the shaping mode is a forward horizontal long trunk shape, the branches except for trunk extension tips are trimmed with extremely short tips, the tree age is 2 years, and the trimming length of the main spread long tips in the last year is more than 2.0 meters.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
after the grape branches and tendrils are raised, the grape branches and tendrils are completely raised in 28 days after the grape branches and tendrils are raised safely, and drip irrigation is carried out for 3 times to supplement the water content of the grape branches and tendrils in the ground in the planting rows from the beginning to the sprouting period (4 months and 7 days), wherein the drip irrigation time is 3 months and 30 days, 4 months and 2 days and 5 days respectively, the water dripping time is 0.5 hour each time, and the water yield is 1 liter/water dropper. Directly supplementing water to branches and tendrils until 4 months and 8 days, and leading the main tendrils of the grapes to be placed on a rack for leading. The germination rate of the extended tips of the overlength trimmed Meile grape direct-moving horizontal dragon-dry shape reaches over 80 percent, and the regularity is better. And a good foundation is laid for smoothly distributing grape branches and tendrils on the surface of the frame, forming early yield and regulating and controlling tree vigor.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for guaranteeing the sprouting uniformity of overlength main vines of grapes in a northern soil-buried cultivation area is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
after the safe overwintering and before the expansion period, the grape branches and tendrils are immediately and smoothly arranged on the ground in the planting rows after being unearthed, and the water of the branches and tendrils is directly supplemented a small amount of times at a high frequency until the grape branches and tendrils are close to the germination period or the initial germination period and then put on the shelf;
the ultra-long main vines refer to annual branches with the effective length of the main vines cut in the previous year being more than 1 meter;
the high frequency is a little for a plurality of times, specifically, when the soil is exposed to wind cold, water is replenished for 1 to 2 times every day, each time is 0.5 hour, the watering amount is 0.8 to 1 liter per water dropper, and 550 water droppers are added per mu;
the step of directly supplementing the water of the branches and the tendrils is to directly drip the water onto the branches and the tendrils.
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| CN104488648A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-08 | 湖南富利园生态农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation and management method for grape vines |
| CN205567342U (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-09-14 | 元谋绿缘农业发展有限公司 | Wet device is mended in moisturizing of grape canopy |
| CN108040563A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-05-18 | 万颖 | A kind of grape water and fertilizer irrigation management method |
| CN108739039B (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2021-05-11 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所 | Method for promoting grape germination tidiness |
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