CN116919920B - 昔萘酸伏硫西汀长效缓释微球组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
昔萘酸伏硫西汀长效缓释微球组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及昔萘酸伏硫西汀长效缓释微球组合物及其制备方法。具体的,本发明涉及一种昔萘酸伏硫西汀长效缓释微球,其包含昔萘酸伏硫西汀和丙交酯‑乙交酯共聚物。本发明还涉及包含所述长效缓释微球的组合物和制备方法,以及在制备治疗中重度抑郁症的药物中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种昔萘酸伏硫西汀长效缓释微球组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
抑郁症被列为全球范围内主要的非致命性健康损害疾病之一,总伤残损失健康生命年的比例为7.5%。抑郁症的发病多在20~60岁职业人群中,导致误工或工作效率低下,造成严重社会负担和经济负担。
新型抗抑郁药物伏硫西汀(vortioxetine hydrobromide,VH)由灵北(Lundbeck)和武田(Takeda)联合研发,于2013年美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准上市,是一个多模式作用机制的抗抑郁剂,可以全面改善患者的抑郁症状,包括情绪,躯体及认知。对于重度抑郁障碍(major depressive disorder,MDD)、抑郁合并重度焦虑障碍、广泛性焦虑障碍(generalized anxiety disorder,GAD)、使用选择性5-羟色胺(5-HT)再摄取抑制剂(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor,SSRI)或5-HT-去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂(serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors,SNRI)药物治疗失败的患者有显著疗效,还可以降低疾病复发的风险,改善患者日常社会功能与认知功能。与传统抗抑郁药比较,不良事件发生率小。2018年4月氢溴酸伏硫西汀(商品名:心达悦)在中国正式上市。
目前已上市的伏硫西汀主要是口服制剂,需要每日服用,容易出现漏服现象,并且多数抑郁症患者会因病耻感而抗拒服药,临床上需要开发一种非口服形式给药,提高患者顺应性和用药依从性。相较于口服制剂,昔萘酸伏硫西汀微球两周给药一次,改善了患者顺应性,且微球制剂释药更加平稳,避免了血药浓度波动引起的安全性和有效性问题。
CN109922806B公开了一种氢溴酸沃替西汀长效缓释注射剂,将氢溴酸沃替西汀湿法研磨制成混悬液,通过控制粒径的大小控制药物的释放。但氢溴酸对肌肉具有一定的刺激性,同时药物以氢溴酸伏硫西汀吸收,氢溴酸伏硫西汀溶解度较高,通常来说,制备成微晶注射剂会造成体内突释大,持续时间较短。
CN114767681A公开了一种伏硫西汀前药的药物组合物及其制备方法,采用月桂酸对伏硫西汀进行修饰,制备微晶或纳米晶混悬液。但酯类前药进入人体后,需要酯酶将其水解,由于试验的物种不同,酯酶水平也有显著的差异,很难预测其前药的药代动力学分布,同时烷基酯在人体内中的生物转化相对较慢且不完全,使得这些前药的生物利用度低。微晶或纳米晶混悬液所用原料需要无菌工艺生产,成本较高。
202310578008.5 为同一课题组专利,申请了伏硫西汀自由碱或其药用盐长效缓释制剂及其制备方法,但在前期研究中发现伏硫西汀自由碱微球不易固化,且机械强度低,易破碎;氢溴酸伏硫西汀微球载药量较低,不满足临床用药需求。
目前国内外暂无昔萘酸伏硫西汀微球相关专利公开。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明公开一种昔萘酸伏硫西汀的长效缓释微球组合物以及制备方法。本发明中所使用的昔萘酸伏硫西汀,化学名为1-[2-(2,4-二甲基苯基硫基)苯基]哌嗪1-羟基2-萘甲酸)。
本发明人针对现有的技术状况进行了深入的研究,通过大量的实验结果发现,采用下述技术方案即可实现上述目的,从而完成本发明。本发明的技术方案如下:
一种昔萘酸伏硫西汀长效缓释微球,包含昔萘酸伏硫西汀和丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物;昔萘酸伏硫西汀的含量占微球总重量的10%~70%;丙交酯-乙交酯的含量占微球总重量的30%~90%。
所述的昔萘酸伏硫西汀长效缓释微球,选用的丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物中丙交酯和乙交酯的摩尔比为85:15~50:50,优选的,丙交酯和乙交酯的摩尔比为75:25~50:50;选用的丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的重均分子量为10000~70000道尔顿;选用的丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的特性粘度为0.15~0.75dl/g。
本发明提供了一种昔萘酸伏硫西汀长效缓释微球的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将昔萘酸伏硫西汀和丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物溶解于有机溶剂中,形成澄清透明的溶液作为油相;
(2)配制一定浓度的聚乙烯醇溶液,作为水相;
(3)将步骤(1)获得油相与步骤(2)获得的水相混合,高速剪切乳化制成O/W乳液;
(4)向步骤(3)制得的O/W乳液中缓慢加入磷酸氢二钾或磷酸氢二钠溶液,低速搅拌,挥发去除有机溶剂;固化后收集,洗涤,冻干,即得。
优选的,步骤(1)所述的有机溶剂选自亲水性溶剂和疏水性溶剂;亲水性溶剂选自二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、聚乙二醇四氢呋喃醚(Glycofurol)其中的一种、两种或两种以上的混合溶剂;疏水性溶剂选自二氯甲烷(DCM)、乙酸乙酯;
步骤(2)所述聚乙烯醇浓度为0.1%~2%(w/v);所述水相温度为0~40℃;
步骤(3)所述有机溶剂与聚乙烯醇溶液的体积比为1:50~1:300;
步骤(4)所述的磷酸氢二钾或磷酸氢二钠溶液浓度为0.00mol/L~0.2mol/L。
进一步的,所述涉及的长效缓释制剂为长效缓释微球,长效缓释微球包括粒径为1~250μm的球形颗粒或不规则形状颗粒。作为优选,采用溶剂挥发法,制备的长效缓释制剂为粒径10~200μm的球形微粒。
上述方案所得微球混悬于药学可接受的分散溶媒中;
所述分散溶媒选自助悬剂、PH调节剂、缓冲剂、等渗调节剂、表面活性剂、注射用水;所述助悬剂选自羧甲纤维素钠、海藻酸钠、泊洛沙姆、羟丙甲纤维素;所述缓冲剂选自磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钠、枸橼酸钠;所述等渗调节剂选自氯化钠、甘露醇;所述表面活性剂为非离子型表面活性剂,选自聚山梨酯系列和泊洛沙姆系列。
在本技术方案中,涉及的术语包括:
载药量:指单位重量或单位体积微球所负载的药量,其中能释放的药量为有效载药量。除药物与基质发生不可逆结合外,载药量可看成是微球的含药量。
包封率:是指被包裹物质(如某药物)占药物总投料量的百分比,反映了药物被载体包封的程度。
释放度:药物从微球在规定溶剂中释放的速度和程度。
跨距:跨距愈小分布愈窄,即粒子大小愈均匀。
本发明具有如下优势:
(1)本发明将采用昔萘酸伏硫西汀制备的微球,相较于采用伏硫西汀自由碱所制备的微球,具有硬度大,机械强度高,不易破碎的优势;相较于采用氢溴酸盐或乳酸盐所制备的微球,载药量高、包封率好,释放更加平稳,无明显突释。
(2)本发明采用传统的乳化溶剂挥发法制备昔萘酸伏硫西汀微球,制备工艺简单,载药量可达40%以上,包封率可达90%以上,重现性好,容易放大,易于实现产业化。
(3)本发明所研发剂型采用肌肉注射或皮下注射方式给药,既可改善多数抑郁症患者因病耻感而抗拒服药,进而导致病情加重的情况,也可缓解中重度抑郁症患者拒绝服药的现象。
附图说明
图1 实施例1微球样品光学显微镜观察图;
图2 实施例1微球样品扫描电镜图;
图3 实施例1微球样品粒度分布图;
图4 实施例5微球样品光学显微镜观察图;
图5 实施例5微球样品扫描电镜图;
图6 实施例9微球样品光学显微镜观察图;
图7 实施例10微球样品光学显微镜观察图;
图8 实施例1微球样品体外释放曲线图;
图9 实施例5微球样品体外释放曲线图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了,下面结合具体实施方式并参照附图,对本发明进一步详细说明。应该理解,这些描述只是示例性的,而并非要限制本发明的范围。此外,在以下说明中,省略了对公知结构和技术的描述,以避免不必要地混淆本发明的概念。
所用微球制备设备为英国Silverson L5M-A高剪切混合乳化分散机;
所用液相检测设备为岛津液相色谱仪;
所用粒度检测设备为英国Mastersizer 3000 激光粒度分析仪;
所用丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物(PLGA)来源于赢创特种化学有限公司(Envonik);
所用二氯甲烷、甲醇来源于南京化学试剂股份有限公司;
所用二甲基亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮来源于湖南九典宏阳制药有限公司;
所用PVA来源于江西阿尔法高科药业有限公司。
实施例 1
制备昔萘酸伏硫西汀微球:
S1 将0.5001g昔萘酸伏硫西汀溶解于0.75ml二甲基亚砜中,依次加入2.25ml二氯甲烷和0.5002g丙交酯乙交酯共聚物(规格:5050 0.5dl/g),溶解,作为油相;
S2 配制0.75%聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液250ml,控制温度为20~25℃,作为水相;
S3 将步骤(1)获得的溶液与步骤(2)获得的PVA溶液混合,1000rpm~2000rpm高速剪切乳化制成O/W乳液;
S4 向步骤(3)制得的乳液中缓慢加入磷酸氢二钾溶液,加至浓度为0.1M,低速搅拌,挥发去除有机溶剂;固化后收集,洗涤,冻干,即得。
实施例 2
制备昔萘酸伏硫西汀微球:
S1 将0.3334g昔萘酸伏硫西汀溶解于0.5ml二甲基亚砜中,依次加入1.5ml二氯甲烷和0.5000g丙交酯乙交酯共聚物(规格:5050 0.3dl/g),溶解,作为油相;
S2 配制0.5%聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液200ml,控制温度为20~25℃,作为水相;
S3 将步骤(1)获得的溶液与步骤(2)获得的PVA溶液混合,1000rpm~2000rpm高速剪切乳化制成O/W乳液;
S4 将步骤(3)制得的乳液低速搅拌,挥发去除有机溶剂;固化后收集,洗涤,冻干,即得。
实施例 3
制备昔萘酸伏硫西汀微球:
S1 将0.3001g昔萘酸伏硫西汀溶解于0.45ml二甲基亚砜中,依次加入1.35ml二氯甲烷和0.5000g丙交酯乙交酯共聚物(规格:5050 0.3dl/g),溶解,作为油相;
S2 配制0.75%聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液200ml,控制温度为20~25℃,作为水相;
S3 将步骤(1)获得的溶液与步骤(2)获得的PVA溶液混合,1000rpm~2000rpm高速剪切乳化制成O/W乳液;
S4 将步骤(3)制得的乳液低速搅拌,挥发去除有机溶剂;固化后收集,洗涤,冻干,即得。
实施例 4
制备昔萘酸伏硫西汀微球:
S1 将0.4502g昔萘酸伏硫西汀溶解于0.625ml二甲基亚砜中,依次加入1.875ml二氯甲烷和0.3001g丙交酯乙交酯共聚物(规格:5050 0.3dl/g),溶解,作为油相;
S2 配制0.75%聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液250ml,控制温度为20~25℃,作为水相;
S3 将步骤(1)获得的溶液与步骤(2)获得的PVA溶液混合,1000rpm~2000rpm高速剪切乳化制成O/W乳液;
S4 将步骤(3)制得的乳液低速搅拌,挥发去除有机溶剂;固化后收集,洗涤,冻干,即得。
实施例 5
制备昔萘酸伏硫西汀微球:
S1 将0.3334g昔萘酸伏硫西汀溶解于0.568ml二甲基亚砜中,依次加入1.704ml二氯甲烷和0.5002g丙交酯乙交酯共聚物(规格:7525 0.2dl/g),溶解,作为油相;
S2 配制0.75%聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液250ml,控制温度为20~25℃,作为水相;
S3 将步骤(1)获得的溶液与步骤(2)获得的PVA溶液混合,1000rpm~2000rpm高速剪切乳化制成O/W乳液;
S4 将步骤(3)制得的乳液低速搅拌,挥发去除有机溶剂;固化后收集,洗涤,冻干,即得。
实施例 6
制备昔萘酸伏硫西汀微球:
S1 将0.3334g昔萘酸伏硫西汀溶解于0.568ml二甲基亚砜中,依次加入1.704ml二氯甲烷和0.4999g丙交酯乙交酯共聚物(规格:5050 0.2dl/g),溶解,作为油相;
S2 配制0.75%聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液250ml,控制温度为20~25℃,作为水相;
S3 将步骤(1)获得的溶液与步骤(2)获得的PVA溶液混合,1000rpm~2000rpm高速剪切乳化制成O/W乳液;
S4 将步骤(3)制得的乳液低速搅拌,挥发去除有机溶剂;固化后收集,洗涤,冻干,即得。
实施例 7
制备昔萘酸伏硫西汀微球:
S1 将0.3000g昔萘酸伏硫西汀溶解于0.45ml二甲基亚砜中,依次加入1.35ml二氯甲烷和0.3002g丙交酯乙交酯共聚物(规格:7525 0.3dl/g),溶解,作为油相;
S2 配制0.75%聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液200ml,控制温度为20~25℃,作为水相;
S3 将步骤(1)获得的溶液与步骤(2)获得的PVA溶液混合,1000rpm~2000rpm高速剪切乳化制成O/W乳液;
S4 将步骤(3)制得的乳液低速搅拌,挥发去除有机溶剂;固化后收集,洗涤,冻干,即得。
实施例 8
制备昔萘酸伏硫西汀微球:
S1 将0.2999g昔萘酸伏硫西汀溶解于0.5ml N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,依次加入1.5ml二氯甲烷和0.5002g丙交酯乙交酯共聚物(规格:5050 0.3dl/g),溶解,作为油相;
S2 配制0.75%聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液200ml,控制温度为20~25℃,作为水相;
S3 将步骤(1)获得的溶液与步骤(2)获得的PVA溶液混合,1000rpm~2000rpm高速剪切乳化制成O/W乳液;
S4 将步骤(3)制得的乳液低速搅拌,挥发去除有机溶剂;固化后收集,洗涤,冻干,即得。
实施例 9
制备昔萘酸伏硫西汀微球:
S1 将0.5001g昔萘酸伏硫西汀溶解于0.75ml 二甲基亚砜中,依次加入2.25ml二氯甲烷和0.4999g丙交酯乙交酯共聚物(规格:7525 0.2dl/g),溶解,作为油相;
S2 配制0.75%聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液250ml,控制温度为20~25℃,作为水相;
S3 将步骤(1)获得的溶液与步骤(2)获得的PVA溶液混合,1000rpm~2000rpm高速剪切乳化制成O/W乳液;
S4 向步骤(3)制得的乳液中缓慢加入磷酸氢二钾溶液,加至浓度为0.1M,低速搅拌,挥发去除有机溶剂;固化后收集,洗涤,冻干,即得。
实施例 10
制备昔萘酸伏硫西汀微球:
S1 将0.5002g昔萘酸伏硫西汀溶解于0.75ml 二甲基亚砜中,依次加入2.25ml二氯甲烷和0.5001g丙交酯乙交酯共聚物(规格:5050 0.3dl/g),溶解,作为油相;
S2 配制0.75%聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液250ml,控制温度为20~25℃,作为水相;
S3 将步骤(1)获得的溶液与步骤(2)获得的PVA溶液混合,1000rpm~2000rpm高速剪切乳化制成O/W乳液;
S4 向步骤(3)制得的乳液中缓慢加入磷酸氢二钾溶液,加至浓度为0.05M,低速搅拌,挥发去除有机溶剂;固化后收集,洗涤,冻干,即得。
实验例 1 微球载药量、包封率的测定
供试品溶液:称取昔萘酸伏硫西汀微球20mg,置100ml容量瓶中,加少量二甲基亚砜溶解,超声5min使其溶解完全后,加0.01M稀盐酸定容,摇匀,过滤(PTFE,0.22μm,25mm),弃去3ml,取续滤液。
对照品溶液:称取氢溴酸伏硫西汀20mg,置100ml容量瓶中,加水溶解并稀释至刻度,摇匀,精密量取5ml,置25ml容量瓶中,用水稀释至刻度,摇匀。
液相条件:采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶填料色谱柱;流动相:0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液:乙腈=40:60;流速为1.0ml/min,柱温为40℃,检测波长为226nm,进样体积为10μl。
实验结果:实施例1~10载药量、包封率检测结果见表1。本发明制备的微球载药量高,包封率可达90%以上。
表 微球载药量、包封率检测结果
实验例 2 微球粒度检测
样品制备:将100mg微球样品加入到直径2cm的玻璃瓶中,使其平铺于玻璃瓶底,加入5ml水,水浴超声1-2s,重复3次。将纯化水超声脱气,量取400ml水,置500ml烧杯中,放入到Hydro EV分散系统中,转速2100rpm,扣除背景后,将样品加入到烧杯中,使用Mastersizer 3000激光粒度仪进行粒度测定。
实验结果:实施例1~10微球粒度检测结果见表2。
表 微球粒度检测结果
实验例 3 微球的体外释放试验
实验样品:实施例1和实施例5所制备的微球;
实验方法:称取昔萘酸伏硫西汀微球约20mg,置100ml离心管中,加释放介质50ml,放入37℃振荡器中,以100rpm频率往复振荡。于规定时间点把离心管从振荡器中取出,静置10min或高速离心,取出5ml上清液,过滤(PTFE,0.22μm),弃去2ml,取续滤液。并补充等体积新鲜的释放介质。对照品溶液同实验例1,采用外标法计算释放度滤液浓度。
累积释放度计算公式如下
式中:
V0—所用释放介质的体积,ml;
Ct—取样时间点测得释放介质中所含药物的浓度,mg/ml;
V—每次取样的体积,ml;
W—投入的微球的总重量,mg;
X—微球的载药量(%)。
实验结果:实施例1体外释放曲线图见图8;实施例5体外释放曲线图见图9。本发明所制备的微球释放平稳,不存在突释和时滞现象,能有效释放两周以上。
Claims (7)
1.一种昔萘酸伏硫西汀的长效缓释微球,其特征在于,所述微球包含昔萘酸伏硫西汀和丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物,其中昔萘酸伏硫西汀的含量占微球总重量的36.32%~55.87%;所述丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的规格为5050或7525;所述丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的特性粘度为0.2~0. 5dl/g,所述昔萘酸伏硫西汀长效缓释微球的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将昔萘酸伏硫西汀和丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物溶解于有机溶剂中,形成澄清透明的溶液作为油相;所述有机溶剂为二甲基亚砜与二氯甲烷的组合或N-甲基吡咯烷酮与二氯甲烷的组合;
(2)配制一定浓度的聚乙烯醇溶液,作为水相;
(3)将步骤(1)获得油相与步骤(2)获得的水相混合,高速剪切乳化制成O/W乳液;
(4)向步骤(3)制得的O/W乳液中缓慢加入磷酸氢二钾或磷酸氢二钠溶液,低速搅拌,挥发去除有机溶剂;固化后收集,洗涤,冻干,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的长效缓释微球,其特征在于,所述丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物中丙交酯和乙交酯的摩尔比为85:15~50:50。
3.根据权利要求2所述的长效缓释微球,其特征在于,所述丙交酯-乙交酯共聚物的重均分子量为10000~70000道尔顿。
4.根据权利要求1所述的长效缓释微球,其特征在于,
步骤(2)所述水相中聚乙烯醇溶液浓度为0.1%~2%w/v;所述水相温度为0~40℃;
步骤(3)所述有机溶剂与聚乙烯醇溶液的体积比为1:50~1:300;
步骤(4)所述的磷酸氢二钾或磷酸氢二钠溶液浓度为0.00mol/L~0.2mol/L。
5.根据权利要求4所述的长效缓释微球,制备微球的粒径范围为10~200μm。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的长效缓释微球,其中微球混悬于药学可接受的分散溶媒中;
所述分散溶媒选自助悬剂、缓冲剂、等渗调节剂、表面活性剂、注射用水;
所述助悬剂选自羧甲纤维素钠、海藻酸钠、羟丙甲纤维素;
所述缓冲剂选自磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钠;
所述等渗调节剂选自氯化钠、甘露醇;
所述表面活性剂为非离子型表面活性剂,选自聚山梨酯系列和泊洛沙姆系列。
7.根据权利要求1~6任一项所述的长效缓释微球在制备治疗中重度抑郁症的药物中的应用。
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