CN1165731C - 隔热壁 - Google Patents

隔热壁 Download PDF

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CN1165731C
CN1165731C CNB988102099A CN98810209A CN1165731C CN 1165731 C CN1165731 C CN 1165731C CN B988102099 A CNB988102099 A CN B988102099A CN 98810209 A CN98810209 A CN 98810209A CN 1165731 C CN1165731 C CN 1165731C
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ectonexine
thermal wall
vacuum
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connector
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CN1276055A (zh
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J・希拉斯
J·希拉斯
M·许特
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00—General constructional features
    • F25D23/06—Walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/34—Elements and arrangements for heat storage or insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
    • F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00—General constructional features
    • F25D23/06—Walls
    • F25D23/062—Walls defining a cabinet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2201/00—Insulation
    • F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
    • F25D2201/14—Insulation with respect to heat using subatmospheric pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23—Sheet including cover or casing
    • Y10T428/231—Filled with gas other than air; or under vacuum

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有两个相隔一定距离布置的、至少在很大程度上真空密封的内外层(13、17)的隔热壁(10)，该内外层与一个至少在很大程度上真空密封的连接件(23)一起包住一个可抽真空的夹层(21)，该夹层用可抽真空的隔热材料(22)填充、内外层(13、17)沿其边缘具有一个背离夹层(21)的拐弯段(14、18)。覆盖件(29)以真空密封方式支承并固定在该拐弯段上。

Description

隔热壁
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有两个相隔一定距离布置的、至少在很大程度上真空密封的内外层的隔热壁，这两个内外层与一个至少在很大程度上真空密封的连接件一起包住一个可抽真空的夹层，该夹层用可抽真空的隔热材料填充。
背景技术
建立在真空隔热技术上的隔热壁的现有技术为，相隔一定距离的内外层通过一个横断面大致呈U形的连接型材相互真空密封连接。其中，该连接型材这样嵌入该内外层之间，使其自由边端部面向该内外层的边缘并与之大致齐平终止。内外层的这种连接方式要求连接型材的底部大致具有内外层的材料厚度，才能达到承受加工所需的夹紧力的足够刚度，这种夹紧力由于隔热室没有可接触的部位而只能在其外部传递到隔热壁上。由于在连接型材的底部范围内材料厚度增加，所以在使用价廉的、放在内外层之间的间隙中作为支承材料和隔热材料用的例如开孔聚氨酯泡沫或开孔聚苯烯泡沫或类似泡沫制品的隔热材料时，将产生热桥，这种热桥严重损害隔热壁的隔热能力。为了避免这种损害，现有的隔热壁都用昂贵的玻璃纤维材料填充，这种填充材料以其相当高的比重使隔热壁的重量明显增加，从而明显增加它在加工中的搬运困难；此外，在这种填充材料例如用于制冷装置例如家用电冰箱或冷藏柜时，明显增加其移动的困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，采取简单的建设性的措施改进上述类型的隔热壁。
根据本发明，这个目的是这样实现的，内外层沿其自由边具有一个背离夹层的拐弯段，连接件支承在该拐弯段上并真空密封固定。
在这种结构的情况下，简单几何形状的零件全都可用平面的廉价制造的钢板件。此外，在内外层上和连接件上要相互夹紧的钢板可自由接触，这样，由于夹紧部位的便于接触，所以，一方面可用最简单的夹具，另一方面又可用一个具有薄膜状壁厚的连接件，因为这种连接件不再用于承受夹紧力。通过使用一种带有薄膜状壁厚的连接件，可使内外层之间的夹层用廉价的隔热材料如开孔聚氨酯泡沫或开孔聚苯乙烯泡沫填充，并不因此损害隔热性能，因为这种薄膜状的连接件在使用这种隔热材料时的热桥可忽略不计。
根据本发明的一种优选结构型式，该连接件作为扁钢具有至少两个大致等于拐弯段的宽度和材料厚度的边缘条，在该边缘条之间布置了一个至少可搭接该夹层的薄膜状的中间件。
通过其材料厚度大致等于拐弯段厚度的该边缘条，可把例如用优质钢或钢板制成的连接件特别可靠和快速地例如用焊接技术固定在用优质钢或钢板制成的内外层上，同时通过薄膜状的中间件以最小的导热实现了内外层之间的夹层的覆盖。
根据本发明的另一种优选结构型式，该薄膜状的中间件用其两侧段作为中间层真空密封固定在边缘条和拐弯段之间的内外层上。
这样，就可实现特别简单和廉价地制作零部件，而且这些零部件还可实现功能特别可靠的拼接和工艺特别可靠的相互连接。
根据本发明的下一个有利的解决方案，在用焊接技术实现中间层的真空密封固定时，则该中间层的真空密封固定不但工艺特别可靠，而且特别价廉。
根据本发明的又一个优选结构型式，如果连接件由多个纵向部件拼接而成，则该连接件加工制作特别简单，而且搬运特别方便。
根据本发明的另一个优选结构型式，纵向部件整体地和无接头地通过隔热壁的四角范围。
这样，在用优质钢或钢板制作内外层和连接件的情况下，通过四角范围内例如焊缝形式堆积的堆积连接点就可消除真空隔热潜在的密封问题。此外，通过采用整体的角区型材保证了需要的和出于功能上、技术上的原因要求的几何尺寸的永久的可靠的保持，因为角区型材例如可作为预成型件或预制件使用，且隔热壁四角的构成不需要通过首先在加工方法中拼接的型材段来实现。其次，通过整体的角部型材可实现不同的角部造型，例如圆角，这样在内外层与连接件焊接时就可实现一气哈成的、不间断进行的、连续和工艺可靠的焊接过程。
根据本发明的另一个优选结构型式，纵向部件在其接头处分别通过一个真空密封固定在内外层上的支承件进行支承。
通过设置这种其厚度大致与内外层的材料厚度相当的支承件，纵向部件可特别简单而又快速地相互调整并对内外层进行调整，从而相当明显地加速了工艺流程。此外，支承件在一定条件下还可承受制造过程引起的夹紧力。
根据本发明的又一个优选结构型式，纵向部件在其接头处分别用一个覆盖件覆盖，该覆盖件与内外层和支承件真空密封连接。
通过在相互拼接的纵向件之间的接头处使用覆盖件可将这些纵向件特别精确地和易于加工地相互连接成真空密封的连接件。其中，如果由于纵向部件的制造误差在其相互拼接处产生不同宽度的搭接间隙时，通过覆盖件与真空密封固定在内外层上的支承件的真空密封连接也可产生真空密封的组合。
根据本发明的又一个有利方案，如果内外层、连接件、支承件和覆盖件用可焊接的金属材料制成时，则可实现工艺特别可靠和批量制造隔热壁。
根据本发明的又一种优选结构型式，当隔热外壳和门按本发明制成时，则可制成一个特别有利于环境的具有高绝热能力的制冷装置，该装置带有一个隔热外壳和一个布置在该外壳中的用一个隔热门可关闭的有效空间。此外，通过高的绝热能力可减少隔热外壳的壁厚，从而在外形尺寸不变的情形下，增加冷藏室或冷冻室的有效容积。
根据本发明的最后一种优选结构型式，当按权利要求1至9任一项制成一个家用炉灶的马弗炉灶时，在外形尺寸不变的情况下，同样可制成一个对环境特别爱护的具有高绝热能力和增加有效容积的家用炉灶，该炉灶构成一个隔热的用一扇门可关闭的马弗炉。
下面结合附图所示家用制冷装置外壳的实施例来详细说明本发明。
附图说明
图1一种家用制冷装置的一个真空隔热的外壳的立体侧视图，其作为外壳壁用的、相隔一定距离的内外层在其自由边缘上用一个连接件连接在制冷装置入口的一侧上；
图2沿图1剖面线II-II剖开的外壳一壁的部分放大图。
具体实施方式
图1表示一种家用制冷装置例如电冰箱或冷藏柜用的隔热外壳10的简化示意图，该外壳具有一个可通过一个入口11进行存取的作为冷藏室或冷冻室构成的贮藏室12。该贮藏室具有一个作为内胆构成的和例如用0.4毫米厚的优质钢板或防腐蚀钢板制成的内层13。内层13在其面向入口11的端段有一个大致垂直于内层13布置的拐弯段14，其背离冷藏室12的外侧作为支承面15用，其自由边缘16界定入口11的孔口横断面。内层13被一个作为外壳10的外板用的外层17包住，该外层与内层13相隔一定距离布置，所以内外层13和17象两根相互插入的管子那样连接在一起。外层17在其面向入口11的端段具有一个通过外层17无切削变形产生的拐弯段18，其自由端19面离内层13，其外侧象拐弯段14的外侧那样作为支承面20使用，该拐弯段象内层13的拐弯段那样基本上垂直于外层17的表面布置，并与内层13上的支承面15大致相同的高度延伸。在内层13和包住该内层的外层17之间通过内外层的相同间隔形成一个夹层21，该夹层用可抽真空的隔热材料22例如开孔聚氨酯泡沫或开孔聚苯乙烯泡沫填充，并在其对应于入口11的后侧用真空密封的方式封闭(图中未示出)。在入口11的一侧，夹层21用一个连接件23真空密封，该连接件沿拐弯段14或18延伸并用其自由边缘真空密封固定在其支承面15或20上。连接件23大致用扁钢构成并由几个部件24拼接而成。这些部件整体地和无接头地通过外壳10的四角范围，并用薄膜状材料例如一种0.1毫米厚的优质薄钢板制成。这些薄膜状的部件24一直延伸到拐弯段14或18的自由边缘并用其端面段25在形成一个接头处26的情况下相互拼接，其中端段25在接头处26通过一个U形横截面的支承件27支承。该支承件例如用内外层13和17的材料厚度范围内的一种优质钢板制成并用其两自由边面向夹层21的内外层13和17的内侧用一条焊缝S1连接。连接件23除了它的薄膜状的部件24外，还包括材料厚度范围与内外层13和17基本一致的、具有支承面15或20的宽度的边缘条28，这些边缘条象部件24那样连续地整体地通过外壳10的四角范围并沿支承面15通过一条焊缝S2真空密封固定，这样，薄膜状的部件24作为中间层布置在拐弯段14或18和边缘条28之间并通过焊缝S2与层13或17真空密封连接。边缘条28分别在接头处26大致缩短在内外层13和17材料厚度范围内例如用优质钢板或耐蚀钢板加工的覆盖件29的一半宽度b，它可填充由于边缘条28相对于部件24的缩短所产生的缝隙。大致与拐弯段14和18的自由边缘齐平终结的覆盖件29用来真空密封覆盖端段25的接头处26。为了形成真空密封连接，用一条与焊缝S2交叉的焊缝S3，该焊缝S3在覆盖件29的整个长度延伸并既用拐弯段14和18又用U形支承件27的底部真空密封连接覆盖件29。通过在部件24的接头处26用覆盖件29与边缘条28和薄膜状的部件24连接，使内外层在最小导热的情况下在它们之间相互真空密封连接，这样，在后侧用真空密封方式相互连接内外层(图中未示出)的共同作用下，夹层21就可实现真空密封连接。
在图示连接件23的改型中，也可设想通过薄膜状的部件24的纵边的多次折叠来产生边缘条28。
在家用制冷装置或冷藏装置为例的隔热外壳所述的本发明隔热壁也适用于家用制冷装置的门结构和适用于制造家用炉灶所用的隔热马弗炉灶。在后一种使用场合中，作为抽真空的夹层中的支撑材料用的隔热材料应完全符合炉灶通常产生的工作温度的要求。

Claims (18)

1.具有两个相隔一定距离布置的、至少在很大程度上真空密封的内外层的隔热壁，这两个内外层与一个至少在很大程度上真空密封的连接件一起包住一个可抽真空的夹层，该夹层用可抽真空的隔热材料填充，其中，该连接件沿内外层(13、17)的自由边缘设置并支承在背离该夹层的拐弯段(14、18)上，其特征为，连接件(23)用其自由边缘沿支承面(15)真空密封地固定在拐弯段(14、18)上。
2.按权利要求1的隔热壁，其特征为，作为扁钢的连接件(23)具有至少两个大致等于拐弯段(14、18)的宽度和材料厚度的边缘条(28)，在该边缘条之间布置一个至少可搭接夹层(21)的薄膜状的中间件(24)。
3.按权利要求2的隔热壁，其特征为，薄膜状的中间件(24)用其侧段作为边缘条(28)和拐弯段(14、18)之间的中间层真空密封固定在内外层(13、17)上。
4.按权利要求3的隔热壁，其特征为，中间层(24)的真空密封的固定用焊接技术来实现。
5.按权利要求1的隔热壁，其特征为，连接件(23)由多个部件(24)拼合而成。
6.按权利要求2的隔热壁，其特征为，连接件(23)由多个部件(24)拼合而成。
7.按权利要求1的隔热壁，其特征为，部件(24)整体地和无接缝地通过内外层(13、17)的四角范围。
8.按权利要求2的隔热壁，其特征为，部件(24)整体地和无接缝地通过内外层(13、17)的四角范围。
9.按权利要求6的隔热壁，其特征为，部件(24)整体地和无接缝地通过内外层(13、17)的四角范围。
10.按权利要求5的隔热壁，其特征为，部件(24)在其接缝部位分别用一个真空密封固定在内外层(13、17)上的支承件(27)进行支承。
11.按权利要求9的隔热壁，其特征为，部件(24)在其接缝部位分别用一个真空密封固定在内外层(13、17)上的支承件(27)进行支承。
12.按权利要求5的隔热壁，其特征为，部件(24)在其接缝处分别用一个覆盖件(29)覆盖，该覆盖件与内外层(13、17)和支承件(27)真空密封连接。
13.按权利要求11的隔热壁，其特征为，部件(24)在其接缝处分别用一个覆盖件(29)覆盖，该覆盖件与内外层(13、17)和支承件(27)真空密封连接。
14.按权利要求1至13任一项的隔热壁，其特征为，内外层(13、17)、连接件(23)、支承件(27)和覆盖件(29)都用可焊接的金属材料制成。
15.带有一个隔热外壳和一个布置在该外壳内的、用一扇隔热门可关闭的制冷室的制冷装置，其特征为，隔热外壳(10)和门按权利要求1构成。
16.带有一个隔热外壳和一个布置在该外壳内的、用一扇隔热门可关闭的制冷室的制冷装置，其特征为，隔热外壳(10)和门按权利要求14构成。
17.带有一个隔热的、用一扇门可关闭的马弗炉灶的家用炉灶，其特征为，该马弗炉灶按权利要求1构成。
18.带有一个隔热的、用一扇门可关闭的马弗炉灶的家用炉灶，其特征为，该马弗炉灶按权利要求14构成。
CNB988102099A 1997-10-16 1998-10-16 隔热壁 Expired - Fee Related CN1165731C (zh)

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ES2217619T3 (es) 2004-11-01
US6408841B1 (en) 2002-06-25
DE19745825A1 (de) 1999-04-22
DE59811067D1 (de) 2004-04-29
CN1276055A (zh) 2000-12-06
KR20010022959A (ko) 2001-03-26
EP1025408B1 (de) 2004-03-24
DK1025408T3 (da) 2004-07-19
WO1999019678A1 (de) 1999-04-22
PL339704A1 (en) 2001-01-02
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JP2001520363A (ja) 2001-10-30
US6038830A (en) 2000-03-21

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