CN116440205A - 一种防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,包含按重量份数计的如下成分:决明子2‑4份,桑叶2‑4份,绞股蓝1‑2份,山楂1‑2份,陈皮0.5‑1.5份,白术0.5‑1份,茯苓0.5‑1份,黄芪1‑2份,陈年茯砖茶1‑2份。本发明的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,可减少脂肪类物质在肝脏的堆积,从而具有较好的预防非酒精性脂肪肝的效果。本发明还提供一种防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮的制备方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域,具体涉及一种防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮及其制备方法。
背景技术
非酒精性脂肪性肝病(nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)是指排除酒精和其他明确的肝损害因素(包括感染性肝炎、自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、硬化性胆管炎、血色素沉着症、α1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏、Wilson病、药物诱发的肝炎)所致的,肝脏脂肪堆积超过肝脏重量的5%,以弥漫性肝细胞大泡性脂肪变为主要特征的临床病理综合症。患者以消化不良、肝区肿痛等为常见表现,若不及时采取有效治疗,病情肆意进展,除了会引起肝脏有关疾病,心血管、慢性肾脏等不良并发症也不容忽视。
随着人民生活水平的提高,饮食结构和生活方式的改变,NAFLD的发病率在一般人群中约为20-30%,而在肥胖人群中高达75%,给患者的健康和社会造成巨大负担。目前临床尚无针对该病的有效药物,常用的方法主要以改变生活方式为主,适当的配合降脂、抗氧化的药物及胰岛素增敏药。但是长期用药不但增加了患者的经济负担,并且对于患者的肝肾会造成极大的负担,使得患者临床依从性较差,久而久之疾病逐步恶化。
为此,迫切需要寻找一种安全有效的药食同源的食品药物来有效遏制其进一步的发展。茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一,特别是在东方国家,如中国、日本和新加坡。茶饮料的消费量已经被认为是世界第二大(第一是水)。长期喝茶可能有益于人体健康,例如,降低患慢性疾病的风险,包括癌症、糖尿病、心血管疾病、神经疾病和肝脏疾病。
鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,可减少脂肪类物质在肝脏的堆积,从而具有较好的预防非酒精性脂肪肝的效果。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,其特征在于,包含按重量份数计的如下成分:决明子2-4份,桑叶2-4份,绞股蓝1-2份,山楂1-2份,陈皮0.5-1.5份,白术0.5-1份,茯苓0.5-1份,黄芪1-2份,陈年茯砖茶1-2份。
优选地,一种防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,包括按重量份数计的如下成分:决明子2.5份,桑叶2.5份,绞股蓝1.5份,山楂1.5份,陈皮1.0份,白术0.5份,茯苓0.5份,黄芪1份,陈年茯砖茶1份。
进一步地,所述陈年茯砖茶由如下制备工艺制备得到:
选取优质的黑毛茶蒸5-7min,倒入木仓,平铺高度1-1.2m,发酵12-15h,发酵温度40-60℃;其中,蒸茶时间可以为5min、6min或7min,也可以为该范围内的其他值;发酵时间可以为12h、13h/14h或15h,也可以为该范围内的其他值;发酵温度可以为40℃、45℃、50℃、55℃或60℃,也可以为该范围内的其他值;
在24-26℃(如可以是24℃、25℃或26℃,也可以为该范围内的其他值),相对湿度为65-75%条件下自然发花(湿度条件可以是65%、68%、70%、72%或75%,也可以为该范围内的其他值),当砖茶内出现白色菌丝后,将温度升至27.5-28.5℃(如可以是27.5℃、28℃或28.5℃,也可以为该范围内的其他值),湿度为75%~85%(如可以是75%、80%或85%,也可以为该范围内的其他值);当看到砖茶长出茂盛的冠突散囊菌后将湿度控制在55-65%(如可以是55%、60%或65%,也可以为该范围内的其他值),持续至发花完成;
发花完成后每天升温3-4℃(如可以是3℃、3.5℃或4℃,也可以为该范围内的其他值),直至升温到50℃并保温2天,然后以2℃/天的降温速度降温至35℃;再以1℃/天的升温速度升温至40℃,直至砖茶干燥为止,成品茶叶制作完成;
将成品茶叶放在温度和湿度适中、通风透气、清爽无杂味的环境中发酵陈放。
本发明还提供一种防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤S1,将各原料中的杂质去除,称重后洗净;
步骤S2,对洗净后的各原料进行初次烘干处理;
具体的,通过滤水装置对洗净后的原料进行滤水,分离后的原料晾制烘干,烘干温度为60-80℃;其中烘干温度可以为60℃、65℃、70℃、75℃或80℃,也可以为该范围内的其他值。
步骤S3,将初次烘干后的原料进行粉碎,粉碎后颗粒物粒径为150-200目;
步骤S4,将粉碎后的原料放入搅拌机搅拌均匀;
步骤S5,对混合后的原料进行二次烘干;
步骤S6,对二次烘干后的原料进行杀菌处理;
步骤S7,将杀菌后的原料分装到滤袋纸内进行封口。
进一步地,所述步骤S3具体包括:
步骤S31,将初次烘干后的原料放入粉碎机中进行一次粉碎;
步骤S32,使用筛选装置对一次粉碎后的原料进行筛选,所述筛选装置为平面圆筛机;
步骤S33,对筛选后的大粒径原料进行二次粉碎。
进一步地,步骤S5中,将原料放入真空干燥箱中进行烘干,真空度为0.01-0.1Mpa,干燥温度为60-80℃。其中,真空度可以为0.01Mpa、0.02Mpa、0.05Mpa、0.08Mpa或0.1Mpa,也可以为该范围内的其他值;干燥温度可以为60℃、65℃、70℃、75℃或80℃,也可以为该范围内的其他值。
进一步地,步骤S6中,原料采用紫外线杀菌处理。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮及其制备方法,有益效果在于:
一、本发明提供的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,以护肝养肝、补气健脾为固本,祛痰化瘀、解毒为治标,根据中医理论、传统配伍理论结合现代医药学理论,方中决明子味苦甘咸,性微寒,清肝明目;桑叶味甘苦,性寒,清肝明目,二者共为君药。绞股蓝性寒,味苦,化痰去浊;山楂味酸、甘,性温,消食健胃,行气散瘀,二者共为臣药。陈皮味苦辛,性温,理气健脾,燥湿化痰;黄芪味甘,性微温,补气升阳、益气固表;白术味苦甘,性温,配伍茯苓味甘淡、性平,燥湿健脾,四者共为佐助药。茶性凉,清头目、消食降脂、利尿、解毒、除烦渴,调和诸药,为佐使药。九者原料共用,清肝养肝,化浊降脂,活血化瘀、补气健脾祛痰,辅助降血脂。本发明的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,能显著改善脂肪肝病理变化,其作用机制是通过减少脂质在肝脏沉积与减轻过氧化损伤改善脂肪肝,以防治脂肪肝;且可以抗炎、抗纤维化,防止非酒精性脂肪肝进一步发展成为非酒精性脂肪肝炎和肝纤维化。
二、本发明提供的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,可有效治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病,尤其可以改善其胰岛素抵抗,也可以降低丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬酸氨基转移酶、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、腰围、体重及体质指数水平。
三、本发明提供的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,组成成分简单,功效多,在具有减少肝脏脂肪堆积、保护肝细胞、预防非酒精性脂肪肝等功效的同时,还具有抗氧化、降血脂、减肥、调节肠道菌群、抗病毒、抗癌等功效。
四、本发明提供的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,组成成分都是药食同源的中药,无任何化学添加剂,不会增加肝肾负担,不会对身体产生毒副作用。
五、本发明提供的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,为粉末状,在浸提过程中降脂的活性成分更容易析出,且提高了降脂护肝活性成分的利用率。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明实施例中的技术方案,并使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的说明。
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值,这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说,各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间,以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围,这些数值范围应该被视为在本文中具体公开。
本发明的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,包含按重量份数计的如下成分:决明子2-4份,桑叶2-4份,绞股蓝1-2份,山楂1-2份,陈皮0.5-1.5份,白术0.5-1份,茯苓0.5-1份,黄芪1-2份,陈年茯砖茶1-2份。
该配方中各成分的性味归经及功效如下:
绞股蓝
【性味归经】性寒,味苦。归肺、胃、心经。
【成分】含绞股蓝皂甙-52,其中3、4、8、12分别与人参皂甙(Rb1、Rb3、Rb、Rf2)结构相同,另含有黄酮、糖类。
【效用】清热除烦,化痰去浊。绞股蓝总苷具有显著降低胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白及升高高密度脂蛋白的作用,从而阻止脂质在细胞内沉积,特别是阻止脂肪酸在肝细胞内堆集,维护线粒体的功能进而减少或抑制肝星状细胞的激活与增殖,减轻肝细胞脂肪变性及肝纤维化。
陈皮
【性味归经】味苦、辛,性温。归肺、脾经。
【成分】果皮含挥发油。此外,含橙皮甙、川皮素等。
【效用】理气健脾,燥湿化痰。用于胸脘胀满、食少吐泻、咳嗽多痰。川陈皮素是陈皮的有效成分之一,是一种多甲氧基黄酮类化合物,具有抑制炎症反应、祛湿化痰、活血化瘀、抗肿瘤、改善非酒精性脂肪肝等药理作用。
山楂
【性味归经】味酸、甘,性温。归脾、胃及肝经。
【成分】主要有效成分为有机酸及黄酮类化合物,含儿茶精类、槲皮素、牡荆素、金丝桃甙、绿原酸、山楂酸、柠檬酸。
【效用】消食健胃,行气散瘀。用于肉食积滞、胃脘胀满、泻痢腹痛、瘀血经闭、产后瘀阻、心腹刺痛、疝气疼痛、高脂血症。山楂的生物活性成分具有抗菌、抗氧化应激、抗炎、提高免疫力、降脂、降糖、促生长等生物学功能。研究表明山楂酸可通过抑制氧化应激和抗炎来降脂,而山楂果胶和山楂果胶水解物可抑制胆固醇吸收,促进胆汁酸排泄,从而改善胆固醇代谢。山楂原花青素可降低肥胖小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-c含量,提高HDL-c含量。山楂叶总黄酮可调控法尼醇受体(Farnesoid X receptor,FXR)/SREBP-1c通路改善非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝脏脂质代谢紊乱。
决明子
【性味归经】味味苦、甘、咸,性微寒。归肝、肾、大肠经。
【成分】种子含蒽醌类化合物,主为大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄酚、芦荟大黄素、以及钝叶素、决明素、黄决明素、橙黄决明素及它们的甙类和大黄酸等。
【效用】清肝明目,利水通便,有缓泻作用,可降血压降血脂。决明子蒽醌苷能起到明显降低高脂肪饮食所产生的TLR4和NF-κB高浓度表达的状态,并且通过决明子蒽醌苷作用可以明显降低NAFLD大鼠的皮肤炎症等不良反应和降低血脂。决明子蒽醌苷还可以抑制脂质的过氧化反应,防止肝细胞受到再次的伤害,来达到防治NAFLD的效果。决明子中的乙酸乙酯提取物可拮抗肝脏的脂质过氧化损伤,保护肝细胞降脂保肝,保护细胞膜,清除氧自由基,抑制脂质过氧化。
桑叶
【性味归经】味甘、苦,性寒。归肺、肝经。
【成分】DNJ、植物甾醇、黄酮类等。
【效用】有疏散风热、清肺润燥、清肝明目的功效。桑叶生物碱(Mulberry leafalkaloids,MLA)对肝脏的保护作用也有诸多,包括MLA对D-半乳糖所致的肝损伤具有保护作用;MLA对高脂饮食诱导的小鼠肝损伤具有改善作用;MLA的主要成分1-脱氧野霉素(1-Deoxynojirimycin,DNJ)可以改善高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝。
茯苓
【性味归经】味甘、淡、性平,归心、脾、肺,肾经。
【成分】多孔菌科真菌茯苓的干燥菌核,含有多糖、三萜类、挥发油等多种化学成分。
【效用】具有渗湿利水,益脾胃保肾,安神生津等功效。茯苓多糖可调控血脂水平与胆固醇逆向转运过程,改善肝脏脂质沉积。茯苓多糖提取物通过调控代谢酶CYP2E1的表达和抑制TLR4/NF-κB炎症信号通路以及减轻氧化应激和炎症损伤。PCP-1C有优越的保肝活性,能够有效降低血清中肝损伤特征转氨酶的升高,提高肝脏抗氧化酶SOD、GSH-Px活性,降低了丙二醛和炎性因子的产生。
白术
【性味归经】味苦,甘,性温。归脾、胃经。
【成分】主要成分为倍半萜类、聚乙炔类、多糖类。
【效用】利尿消肿、固表止汗、燥湿健脾。白术多糖能够有效减轻小鼠的肝脏脂肪病变,也可以减轻因高脂饲料造成的蛋鸡肝脂肪代谢紊乱,通过调节抗氧化酶的活性和肝脂质代谢途径中相关基因的表达,从而减轻高脂饮食造成的肝损伤。
黄芪
【性味归经】味甘,性微温。归肺、脾、肝、肾经。
【成分】多糖类、皂苷类、黄酮类、氨基酸类、生物碱类、蛋白质、维生素及硒、硅、钻、银等微量元素。
【效用】具有补气升阳、益气固表、利水消肿、行滞通痹、脱毒排脓、敛疮生肌等功效。黄芪可以通过降低致纤维化因子的表达水平,从而保护肝组织。黄芪总皂可降低超氧化物歧化酶等酶的过氧化程度,使肝细胞发挥正常功能,减少炎症因子的表达,从而有效降低急性肝损伤的程度。
陈年茯砖茶
其主要成分是茶多酚/儿茶素类化合物、茶褐素、茶多糖、生物碱、微生物及其代谢产物。
其中,茶多酚/儿茶素类化合物一直被认为是茯砖茶降脂的主要成分。儿茶素还通过降低大鼠体脂率和脂肪细胞大小,调节高脂饮食诱导的脂质代谢紊乱,减少脂肪积累,降低肥胖大鼠体重。细胞试验显示,茶多酚通过抑制脂多糖刺激的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞Toll样受体4(toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated proteinkinase,MAPK)和核因子-κB(nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB)信号通路表达来发挥抗炎作用,且具有剂量依赖性。动物实验研究表明,茶多酚可使模型动物的环氧化酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)和血浆单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,MCP-1)表达水平降低,白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)和血红素氧合酶1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)蛋白水平升高,从而起到抗炎作用。
茶褐素是茯砖茶中儿茶素的重要氧化产物,由茶黄素和茶红素进一步氧化而成,具有良好的降脂功效。Wang等研究表明,茶褐素可通过提高短链脂肪酸(尤其是丁酸)水平改善肠道稳态,改善脂质和葡萄糖紊乱,降低喂养小鼠的体重。而普洱茶茶褐素可显著调节高脂血症大鼠血清中相关生化指标,减少肝脏脂肪堆积,抑制脂肪肝生成。四川边茶茶褐素可明显降低高血脂小鼠的血脂水平。这两项研究均表明,茶褐素能使高脂饮食实验鼠血清脂质含量水平得以改善,原因之一是其能够调节脂质代谢的关键酶。还有研究表明茶褐素能降低大鼠血脂血糖水平和内脏脂肪系数,对机体抗氧化反应与炎症作用具有积极作用;且能保护肝细胞,减少肝细胞的脂肪变性和脂滴聚集,降低肝脏脂质积累。
茶多糖能显著预防高脂饮食诱导的小鼠代谢综合征,具有一定的降低大鼠血脂作用。侯仰锋等利用实验性高脂血症大鼠模型研究表明,茶多糖可以明显降低高脂血症大鼠的血清总胆固醇、增强抗动脉粥样硬化因子、减少肝细胞内脂肪沉积,并且能够调节其肝脏中与脂代谢有关的Zn、Cu、Mg含量,使Zn/Cu比值趋于正常水平,对降低大鼠血脂有促进作用。茶多糖可降低肝内脂质过氧化反应,清除自由基,保护肝细胞膜,维持膜的正常通透性。
生物碱是一种混合型可逆抑制剂。有研究表明,茯砖茶生物碱能有效降低脂肪肝水平,防止肝纤维化和脂滴积聚,咖啡碱能抑制脂质吸收,在茯砖茶降脂功效中起重要作用。
微生物及其代谢产物通过调节肠道菌群在预防肥胖中发挥关键作用。黄群等研究发现,冠突散囊菌发酵液可以改善高脂饮食所导致的小鼠肝脏细胞体积增大与肝脏脂质的异常堆积等病理状态,有利于淀粉、蛋白质的消化吸收,抑制脂肪分解和吸收,具有明显的辅助降血脂作用。
以下通过具体的实施例对本发明提供的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮进行详细阐述。
实施例1
一种防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,包括按重量份数计的如下成分:决明子2.5份,桑叶2.5份,绞股蓝1.5份,山楂1.5份,陈皮1.0份,白术0.5份,茯苓0.5份,黄芪1份,陈年茯砖茶1份。
其中陈年茯砖茶的制备工艺包括:
选取优质的黑毛茶蒸5-7min,倒入木仓,平铺高度1m,发酵12h,发酵温度50℃;
在25℃,相对湿度为65%条件下自然发花,当砖茶内出现白色菌丝后,将温度升至28℃,湿度为80%;当看到砖茶长出茂盛的冠突散囊菌后将湿度控制在55-65%,持续至发花完成;
发花完成后每天升温3℃,直至升温到50℃并保温2天,然后以2℃/天的降温速度降温至35℃;再以1℃/天的升温速度升温至40℃,直至砖茶干燥为止,成品茶叶制作完成;
将成品茶叶放在温度和湿度适中、通风透气、清爽无杂味的环境中发酵陈放。
本实施例的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤S1,将各原料中的杂质去除,称重后洗净;
步骤S2,对洗净后的各原料进行初次烘干处理;
具体的,通过滤水装置对洗净后的原料进行滤水,分离后的原料晾制烘干,烘干温度为60℃;
步骤S3,将初次烘干后的原料进行粉碎,粉碎后颗粒物粒径为200目;
具体包括:
步骤S31,将初次烘干后的原料放入粉碎机中进行一次粉碎;
步骤S32,使用筛选装置对一次粉碎后的原料进行筛选,所述筛选装置为平面圆筛机;
步骤S33,对筛选后的大粒径原料进行二次粉碎;
步骤S4,将粉碎后的原料放入搅拌机进行搅拌均匀;
步骤S5,对混合后的原料进行二次烘干;
具体的,将原料放入真空干燥箱中进行烘干,真空度为0.05Mpa,干燥温度为60℃;
步骤S6,对二次烘干后的原料进行杀菌处理;
具体的,将二次烘干后的原料放入杀菌箱中,通过紫外线灯对原料进行杀菌,杀菌过程中,通过翻动装置翻动原料;
步骤S7,将杀菌后的原料分装到滤袋纸内进行封口。
实施例2
一种防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,包括按重量份数计的如下成分:决明子2份,桑叶2份,绞股蓝1份,山楂1份,陈皮0.5份,白术1份,茯苓0.8份,黄芪1.5份,陈年茯砖茶1.5份。
本实施例的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮制备方法与实施例1相同,在此不做赘述。
实施例3
一种防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,包括按重量份数计的如下成分:决明子4份,桑叶4份,绞股蓝2份,山楂2份,陈皮1份,白术0.6份,茯苓1份,黄芪2份,陈年茯砖茶2份。
本实施例的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮制备方法与实施例1相同,在此不做赘述。
实施例4
一种防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,包括按重量份数计的如下成分:决明子3份,桑叶3份,绞股蓝1.2份,山楂1.5份,陈皮1.5份,白术0.8份,茯苓0.5份,黄芪1份,陈年茯砖茶1.5份。
本实施例的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮制备方法与实施例1相同,在此不做赘述。
将实施例1的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮进行动物实验,以说明其在预防非酒精性脂肪肝方面的效果。
一、实验药剂制备
称取实施例1的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮50g,无菌纱布包裹系紧,放入无菌烧杯中,加入实验室Ⅲ级水,加水量500ml浸泡30min,随后将烧杯放在实验电炉上进行加热,武火煮开后改为文火慢炖30min左右,冷却后过滤,取汁另置;将残渣加蒸馏水适量(与药渣齐平)继续煎熬,沸腾后冷却,将两次药液合并一起小火浓缩至125ml,浓缩药物浓度为0.4g/ml。将上述药液用无菌纱布过滤后放入消毒磨口瓶中,-20℃冰箱保存备用。为防止药液变质,每次浓缩的药量仅使用1周左右。此浸提液为高剂量实验组浸提液,分别稀释2倍、4倍后为中、低剂量实验组浸提液。
二、动物实验设计与方法
SPF级C57bl/6小鼠在适宜的环境下(室温23℃-25℃,相对湿度50%-70%,清洁安静)适应性饲养7d后按随机数字表法分为正常组(10只),模型组(20只),低剂量实验组(10只)、中剂量实验组(10只)、高剂量实验组(10只),西药组(10只)。第8天开始,正常组自由饮食饮水,其余各组给与高脂饮食饲养。
高剂量组用药量4.1g/kg/d、中剂量实验组用药量2.05g/kg/d、低剂量实验组用药量1.03g/kg/d;西药组予以阿托伐他汀10mg/kg/d剂量进行灌胃,实验前将药片放入干净研钵中碾碎,加入所需体积的生理盐水溶解,现配现用;正常组和模型组予以等剂量的生理盐水灌胃,小鼠按照10ml/kg/d的剂量进行灌胃。每周按体重调整给药剂量,用药前先将药物水浴加热,防止药物过凉所带来的应激反应,每天上午9点左右开始灌胃,连续喂养12周。
各组小鼠于灌胃第12周末禁食不禁水12h后,依次进行以下操作:
(1)将小鼠麻醉后摘眼球取血,静止2小时后将血液置于EP管中,分离血清,用于检测血清生化指标,避免反复冻融。
(2)脱臼处死小鼠,将小鼠胸腹腔剪开,放到冰盒或者冰块上,收集新鲜肝组织,保存于-80℃进行分子生物学检测。另外,取部分肝组织用4%多聚甲醛固定,进行组织学检测。
三、动物实验结果
1、各实验组小鼠血清转氨酶活性测定,结果如表1所示:
表1:各实验组小鼠血清转氨酶活性测试结果
注:“*”表示与空白组相比差异显著,P<0.05;“#”表示与模型组相比差异显著,P<0.05;“△”表示与阿托伐他汀组相比差异显著,P<0.05;“▲”表示与中剂量实验组相比差异显著,P<0.05。
由表1说明:与空白组相比,模型组小鼠肝脏ALT和AST水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,本发明茶饮高、中、低剂量组和阿托伐他汀组ALT和AST水平降低(P<0.05),其中中剂量组ALT水平最低(P<0.05);阿托伐他汀组AST水平低于中剂量组(P<0.05),中、低剂量组AST水平无显著差异(P>0.05),高剂量组AST水平低于中剂量组(P<0.05)。由此说明本发明的茶饮在一定程度改善了NAFLD肝功能水平。
2、各实验组小鼠血清中TC、LDL-c、HDL-c、TC/HDL含量的测定,结果如表2所示:
表2:各实验组小鼠血清中TC、LDL-c、HDL-c、TC/HDL含量测定结果
注:与模型组相比,*<0.05;**<0.01。
由表2说明:血脂比较中,与空白对照组相比,模型组小鼠血清中总胆固醇(totalcholesterol,TC)、LDL、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lip oprotein,HDL)含量升高(P<0.05)。阿托伐他汀组和本发明茶饮不同剂量组的TC,LDL-c含量降低(P<0.05);与阿托伐他汀相比,本发明茶饮高、中剂量组的TC、LDL-c含量升高、HDL含量下降(P<0.05)。由此说明本发明的茶饮在一定程度改善了NAFLD小鼠脂质代谢紊乱。
3、氧化应激指标测定
将肝脏组织从低温冰箱取出,冰生理盐水漂洗后用消毒眼科剪将肝组织剪碎并按m(肝组织):V(生理盐水)=1g:9mL的比例关系加入生理盐水(全程冰上操作),自动匀浆机匀浆(每3s间歇1次,防止产热过多)制成质量分数10%肝匀浆液,1000g(4℃)离心15min,去上清液加适量生理盐水稀释到合适的浓度范围备测肝组织中SOD、GSH-PX活力和MDA质量摩尔浓度。测定结果如表3:
表3:各实验组小鼠肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px活力和MDA质量摩尔浓度
注:“*”表示与空白组相比差异显著,P<0.05;“#”表示与模型组相比差异显著,P<0.05;“△”表示与阿托伐他汀组相比差异显著,P<0.05;“▲”表示与中剂量实验组相比差异显著,P<0.05。
由表3说明:与空白组相比,模型组小鼠肝脏SOD和GSH-Px活性下降,MDA含量升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,高、中、低剂量实验组SOD和GSH-Px活性升高,MDA含量下降(P<0.05);与阿托伐他汀组相比,高剂量组SOD活性升高(P<0.05),低剂量组GSH-Px活性稍低(P<0.05),各剂量组其余指标与他汀组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);与中剂量组相比,低剂量组SOD和GSH-Px活性稍低,MDA含量稍高(P<0.05),高剂量组SOD活性升高(P<0.05),GSH-Px活性和MDA含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。
肝细胞的氧化损伤是诱发NAFLD的重要因素之一。SOD活性的高低间接反映了机体清除氧自由基的能力,过量的MDA具有潜在的细胞毒性,是评价细胞损伤程度的重要指标,GSH-Px可维持细胞膜结构的完整,因此可通过检测SOD、MDA和GSH-Px这3个指标来推测机体抗氧化的情况。由上述检测数据显示,模型组小鼠肝脏中SOD和GSH-Px活性降低,MDA含量升高,反映了在NAFLD模型小鼠确实存在氧化损伤状况;本发明的不同剂量组预防性给药均可以提高肝脏SOD和GSH-Px活性,降低MDA含量及ALT和AST活性,说明本发明的茶饮可以起到抗氧化作用,从而减少对肝细胞的氧化损伤。
综上所述,本发明的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮可以显著抑制高脂膳食诱导的体重增加、脂肪组织堆积、脂肪细胞增殖、肝脏重量、肝脏脂质沉积,以及改善肝功能水平,降低血清中总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量,并起到抗氧化作用,从而减少对肝细胞的氧化损伤,以达到很好的预防非酒精性脂肪肝的效果。
以上对本发明的实施方式作出详细说明,但本发明不局限于所描述的实施方式。对本领域的技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下对这些实施例进行的多种变化、修改、替换和变型均仍落入在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,其特征在于,包含按重量份数计的如下成分:决明子2-4份,桑叶2-4份,绞股蓝1-2份,山楂1-2份,陈皮0.5-1.5份,白术0.5-1份,茯苓0.5-1份,黄芪1-2份,陈年茯砖茶1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,其特征在于,包括按重量份数计的如下成分:决明子2.5份,桑叶2.5份,绞股蓝1.5份,山楂1.5份,陈皮1.0份,白术0.5份,茯苓0.5份,黄芪1份,陈年茯砖茶1份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮,其特征在于,所述陈年茯砖茶由如下制备工艺制备得到:
选取优质的黑毛茶蒸5-7min,倒入木仓,平铺高度1-1.2m,发酵12-15h,发酵温度40-60℃;
在24-26℃,相对湿度为65-75%条件下自然发花,当砖茶内出现白色菌丝后,将温度升至27.5-28.5℃,湿度为75%~85%;当看到砖茶长出茂盛的冠突散囊菌后将湿度控制在55-65%,持续至发花完成;
发花完成后每天升温3-4℃,直至升温到50℃并保温2天,然后以2℃/天的降温速度降温至35℃;再以1℃/天的升温速度升温至40℃,直至砖茶干燥为止,成品茶叶制作完成;
将成品茶叶放在温度和湿度适中、通风透气、清爽无杂味的环境中发酵陈放。
4.一种如权利要求1或2所述的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤S1,将各原料中的杂质去除,称重后洗净;
步骤S2,对洗净后的各原料进行初次烘干处理;
步骤S3,将初次烘干后的原料进行粉碎,粉碎后颗粒物粒径为150-200目;
步骤S4,将粉碎后的原料放入搅拌机搅拌均匀;
步骤S5,对混合后的原料进行二次烘干;
步骤S6,对二次烘干后的原料进行杀菌处理;
步骤S7,将杀菌后的原料分装到滤袋纸内进行封口。
5.根据权利要求4所述的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,初次烘干温度为60-80℃。
6.根据权利要求4所述的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3具体包括:
步骤S31,将初次烘干后的原料放入粉碎机中进行一次粉碎;
步骤S32,使用筛选装置对一次粉碎后的原料进行筛选,所述筛选装置为平面圆筛机;
步骤S33,对筛选后的大粒径原料进行二次粉碎。
7.根据权利要求4所述的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中,将原料放入真空干燥箱中进行烘干,真空度为0.01-0.1Mpa,干燥温度为60-80℃。
8.根据权利要求4所述的防治非酒精性脂肪肝的茶饮的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S6中,原料采用紫外线杀菌处理。
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