CN116392445A - 一种司替戊醇脂质体及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种司替戊醇脂质体及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种司替戊醇脂质体及其制备方法与应用。该司替戊醇脂质体包括质量比为(5~15):(50~150):(1~3)的司替戊醇、磷脂和胆固醇,通过薄膜水化法联合超声法制备,将司替戊醇、磷脂和胆固醇溶于适量的乙醇溶液中,减压蒸发至乙醇完全挥干,取适量的水旋转水化,使脂质体均匀地分散在水中,冰浴超声,过滤,即得。本发明制备得到的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为50nm~250nm,包封率为50%~90.0%,在胃液和胰液中能保持稳定,在水介质中可快速溶出,且显著提高了体内生物利用度。本发明提供的制备方法工艺简单,过程可控,稳定性更好等优势,易于工艺放大和工业生产,应用前景广泛。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种司替戊醇脂质体及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
司替戊醇(Stiripentol,STP)是一种难溶于水的药物(溶解度约为49.2μg/ml),用于治疗Dravet综合症婴幼儿严重肌阵挛性癫痫,目前国外已有胶囊剂和干混悬剂(250mg,500mg两种规格)上市,每天分2~3次给药,推荐的最大总剂量是3000mg/天,单次给药后2~3小时血药浓度才达到峰值(4~22μg/mL),且一般需随餐服用以达到最佳效果。司替戊醇(STP)属于低水溶性且高渗透性的BCSII类药,在胃肠道中溶出缓慢且不完全,在酸性环境下稳定性差,由于上述经口吸收的局限性,使得该药的日口服剂量较高,严重限制了其进一步的临床应用。
因此,提高司替戊醇的溶解度同时保留其药物的治疗活性,设计安全有效且使用方便的司替戊醇新制剂具有重要的临床价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,针对现有技术的上述不足,提供了一种司替戊醇脂质体及其制备方法与应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
本发明的第一目的是提供一种司替戊醇脂质体,所述司替戊醇脂质体包括司替戊醇、磷脂和胆固醇,所述司替戊醇、磷脂和胆固醇的质量比为(5~15):(50~150):(1~3)。
进一步的,所述司替戊醇、磷脂和胆固醇的质量比为(5~9):(50~75):(1~2)。
进一步的,所述磷脂选自大豆磷脂、蛋黄磷脂、氢化磷脂以及合成磷脂。
进一步的,所述磷脂选自德国Lipoid公司磷脂S45、S75、S100、SPC、E80、EPCS、EPG、SPC-3、DMPC、DEPC、DPPA、DSPA;日本丘比株式会社磷脂PC98-T、PL-100M、HSPC、PGE、PGSH。
进一步的,所述磷脂选自磷脂S100、PC98-T、HSPC、E80中任一种。
进一步的,所述司替戊醇脂质体的粒径为50nm~250nm。
本发明的第二目的是提供一种司替戊醇脂质体的制备方法,所述制备方法为按计量比称取司替戊醇、磷脂和胆固醇,溶于适量的乙醇溶液中,减压蒸发至乙醇完全挥干,取适量的水旋转水化,使脂质体均匀地分散在水中,冰浴超声,过滤,即得司替戊醇脂质。
进一步的,所述司替戊醇原料药与乙醇溶液的质量体积比为(5~15)mg:100mL。
进一步的,所述水化温度为20℃~60℃,水化时间为25min~45min,水化体积为5~25mL。
进一步的,所述分散的温度为20℃~50℃。
进一步的,所述冰浴超声功率为65w~100w;超声时间为3min~10min。
本发明的第三目的是提供一种抗癫痫药物组合物,采用上述的司替戊醇脂质体制备得到。
抗癫痫药物是指包含司替戊醇纳米晶和至少一种选自下述可药用和药理学相容的组分的组合物:填充剂、溶剂、稀释剂、载体、赋形剂、分布剂和接受剂、递送剂比如防腐剂、稳定剂、填充剂、崩解剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、助悬剂、增稠剂、甜味剂、矫味剂、芳香剂、抗菌剂、杀真菌剂、润滑剂和延长递送控制剂,其选择和比例取决于给药的性质和途径以及剂量。合适的助悬剂的实例是乙氧基化异硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯、山梨醇和山梨醇醚、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂和西黄蓍胶及其混合物。可以使用各种抗菌剂和抗真菌剂比如尼泊金酯类、氯丁醇、山梨酸等提供对微生物的防护。抗癫痫药物也可包括等渗剂,比如糖、氯化钠等。使用减慢活性成分吸收的试剂,例如单硬脂酸铝和明胶,可以实现组合物的持续作用。合适的载体、溶剂、稀释剂和递送剂的实例包括水、乙醇、多元醇及其混合物、天然油(比如橄榄油)和用于注射的有机酯(比如油酸乙酯)。填料的实例是乳糖、奶糖、柠檬酸钠、碳酸钙、磷酸钙等。崩解剂和分配剂的实例是淀粉、海藻酸及其盐和硅酸盐。润滑剂的实例是硬脂酸镁、月桂基硫酸钠、滑石和高分子量的聚乙二醇。用于口服、舌下、透皮、肌内、静脉内、皮下和局部或直肠给药活性成分的单独或与另一种活性化合物组合的药物组合物,可以作为与传统的药物载体的混合物以标准给药形式施用于动物和人。适合的标准给药形式包括口服形式,比如片剂、胶囊、丸剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、口香糖和口服溶液或混悬液;舌下和经口含给药形式;气雾剂;植入物;局部、透皮、皮下、肌内、静脉内、鼻内或眼内形式;和直肠给药形式。
与现有技术比较,本发明提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是:
(1)本发明提供了一种司替戊醇脂质体及其制备方法与应用。该司替戊醇脂质体包括质量比为(5~15):(50~150):(1~3)的司替戊醇、磷脂和胆固醇,通过薄膜水化法联合超声法制备,将司替戊醇、磷脂和胆固醇溶于适量的乙醇溶液中,减压蒸发至乙醇完全挥干,取适量的水旋转水化,使脂质体均匀地分散在水中,冰浴超声,过滤,即得。本发明制备得到的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为50nm~250nm,包封率为50%~90%,在胃液和胰液中能保持稳定,在水介质中可快速溶出,且显著提高了体内生物利用度;
(2)本发明提供的制备方法工艺简单,过程可控,易于工艺放大和工业生产。
附图说明
图1为司替戊醇脂质体的TEM图;
图2为司替戊醇脂质体的司替戊醇脂质体的水化层厚度数据分析图;
图3为司替戊醇脂质体在胃、胰中的稳定性研究结果图;
图4为司替戊醇纳米晶、司替戊醇物理混合物、司替戊醇原料药在水中的体外溶出曲线图。
具体实施方式
本发明中未注明具体技术或条件的,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
本实施中用到的试剂信息如下:
本发明用到的磷脂S45、S75、S100、SPC、E80、EPCS、EPG、SPC-3、DMPC、DEPC、DPPA、DSPA为德国LipoidGmbH公司提供;磷脂PC98-T、PL-100M、HSPC、PGE、PGSH为日本丘比株式会社提供,均为常用市售磷脂产品。
本发明用到的司替戊醇干混悬剂为Biocodex公司提供,可市售获得。
对司替戊醇脂质体的性能表征方法如下:
1)Size和PDI的测定
使用马尔文粒度仪,测量STP脂质体的粒径(Size)、分散系数(PDI)和Zeta电位值。实验条件:溶质为STP,折光率1.578,溶剂为水,折光率1.330,温度25℃,平衡时间60s,平行测定3次,求平均值,即得。
2)透射电镜(TEM)
采用透射电镜观察STP脂质体溶液的形貌,分别取一滴STP脂质体溶液吸附在400目碳涂层铜网格上,并用滤纸去除多余的溶液。将样品在室温下干燥,使用透射电子显微镜观察并拍摄形态。
3)包封率
采用透析法测定。透析袋的处理方法:将透析袋剪成等长的小段,用500mL的2%碳酸氢钠和1mmol/L EDTA·2Na(pH=8.0)将透析袋煮沸10min,用去离子水冲洗后,再用1mmol/L EDTA·2Na(pH=8.0)将透析袋煮沸10min后,冷却。保存在4℃冰箱中,取用时戴手套,用去离子水冲洗干净后,检测是否漏液后方可使用。取脂质体的混合液适量于12KD-14KD的透析袋中,用透析夹夹住两端,使其不漏液,将透析袋放入装有200mL水中,于磁力搅拌器上,室温下200r/min搅拌12h取0.5mL透析袋样品溶液,用甲醇稀释4倍超声30min,破乳,测定透析袋内样品溶液的浓度,从而计算脂质体包裹的药量Qt,另取0.5mLSTP脂质体,同法,计算脂质体的总药量Q0。
包封率:W=Qt/Q0*100%。
4)水化层厚度考察
通过马尔文粒度仪测定STP脂质体在不同浓度(0.1、0.5、1、2、5、10和20mM)的NaCl溶液中Zeta电位的变化,来确定脂质体中的水化层厚度。根据Gouy-Chapman理论,水化层厚度计算公式如下:
其中,ξ为每个样品的Zeta电位的绝对值(V),A为常数,K为Debye-Huckel参数,c为NaCl溶液的浓度(M),l为水化层厚度(nm)。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合具体实施例和附图,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。
STP:司替戊醇。
PM:司替戊醇物理混合物。
实施例1
司替戊醇脂质体的制备
称取5mg司替戊醇、50mg磷脂S100和1mg胆固醇,溶于100mL乙醇溶液中,减压蒸发至乙醇完全挥干,取5mL的水旋转水化,水化温度为30℃,水化时间为30min,使脂质体均匀地分散在30℃的水中,冰浴超声功率为90w,超声时间为5min,经0.22μm的滤膜过滤,即得司替戊醇脂质体。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为76.8nm,PDI为0.237,包封率为85.7%。
实施例2
司替戊醇脂质体的制备
称取6mg司替戊醇、75mg磷脂S100和1.5mg胆固醇,溶于100mL乙醇溶液中,减压蒸发至乙醇完全挥干,取10mL的水旋转水化,水化温度为30℃,水化时间为30min,使脂质体均匀地分散在30℃的水中,冰浴超声功率为90w,超声时间为5min,经0.22μm的滤膜过滤,即得司替戊醇脂质体。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为90.3nm,PDI为0.265,包封率为88.3%。
实施例3
司替戊醇脂质体的制备
称取9mg司替戊醇、100mg磷脂S100和2mg胆固醇,溶于100mL乙醇溶液中,减压蒸发至乙醇完全挥干,取10mL的水旋转水化,水化温度为30℃,水化时间为30min,使脂质体均匀地分散在30℃的水中,冰浴超声功率为90w,超声时间为5min,经0.22μm的滤膜过滤,即得司替戊醇脂质体。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为85.9nm,PDI为0.262,包封率为82.8%。
实施例4
司替戊醇脂质体的制备
称取10mg司替戊醇、125mg磷脂S100和2.5mg胆固醇,溶于100mL乙醇溶液中,减压蒸发至乙醇完全挥干,取20mL的水旋转水化,水化温度为30℃,水化时间为30min,使脂质体均匀地分散在30℃的水中,冰浴超声功率为90w,超声时间为5min,经0.22μm的滤膜过滤,即得司替戊醇脂质体。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为116.1nm,PDI为0.519,包封率为81.5%。
实施例5
司替戊醇脂质体的制备
称取15mg司替戊醇、150mg磷脂S100和3mg胆固醇,溶于100mL乙醇溶液中,减压蒸发至乙醇完全挥干,取25mL的水旋转水化,水化温度为30℃,水化时间为30min,使脂质体均匀地分散在30℃的水中,冰浴超声功率为90w,超声时间为5min,经0.22μm的滤膜过滤,即得司替戊醇脂质体。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为122.4nm,PDI为0.473,包封率为76.9%。
实施例6
司替戊醇脂质体的制备
称取7mg司替戊醇、100mg磷脂S100和1mg胆固醇,溶于100mL乙醇溶液中,减压蒸发至乙醇完全挥干,取15mL的水旋转水化,水化温度为45℃,水化时间为45min,使脂质体均匀地分散在30℃的水中,冰浴超声功率为65w,超声时间为3min,经0.22μm的滤膜过滤,即得司替戊醇脂质体。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为88.4nm,PDI为0.275,包封率为84.2%。
实施例7
司替戊醇脂质体的制备
称取7mg司替戊醇、100mg磷脂S100和1mg胆固醇,溶于100mL乙醇溶液中,减压蒸发至乙醇完全挥干,取15mL的水旋转水化,水化温度为45℃,水化时间为25min,使脂质体均匀地分散在50℃的水中,冰浴超声功率为100w,超声时间为10min,经0.22μm的滤膜过滤,即得司替戊醇脂质体。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为94.7nm,PDI为0.247,包封率为81.3%。
实施例8
司替戊醇脂质体的制备
称取7mg司替戊醇、100mg磷脂S100和1mg胆固醇,溶于100mL乙醇溶液中,减压蒸发至乙醇完全挥干,取15mL的水旋转水化,水化温度为20℃,水化时间为30min,使脂质体均匀地分散在20℃的水中,冰浴超声功率为90w,超声时间为5min,经0.22μm的滤膜过滤,即得司替戊醇脂质体。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为97.0nm,PDI为0.232,包封率为70.9%。
实施例9
称取7mg司替戊醇、50mg磷脂S100和1.5mg胆固醇,溶于100mL乙醇溶液中,减压蒸发至乙醇完全挥干,取15mL的水旋转水化,水化温度为30℃,水化时间为30min,使脂质体均匀地分散在20℃的水中,冰浴超声功率为90w,超声时间为5min,经0.22μm的滤膜过滤,即得司替戊醇脂质体。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为83.3nm,PDI为0.258,包封率为73.2%。
实施例10
与实施例6基本相同,不同之处为选用磷脂PC98-T。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为85.4nm,PDI为0.261,包封率为77.4%。
实施例11
与实施例6基本相同,不同之处为选用磷脂HSPC。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为87.8nm,PDI为0.277,包封率为79.0%。
实施例12
与实施例6基本相同,不同之处为选用磷脂E80。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为90.6nm,PDI为0.259,包封率为84.7%。
实施例13
与实施例6基本相同,不同之处为选用磷脂DMPC。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为54.6nm,PDI为0.559,包封率为67.3%。
实施例14
与实施例6基本相同,不同之处为选用磷脂DSPA。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为232.6nm,PDI为0.417,包封率为87.3%。
对比例1
与实施例6基本相同,不同之处为选用200mg磷脂S100。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为336.5nm,PDI为0.737,包封率为78.1%。
对比例2
与实施例6基本相同,不同之处为选用20mg司替戊醇。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为267.3nm,PDI为0.629,包封率为65.8%。
对比例3
与实施例6基本相同,不同之处为选用超声功率为110w,超声时间2min。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为261.2nm,PDI为0.569,包封率为60.7%。
对比例4
与实施例6基本相同,不同之处为选用水化时间50min,水化体积30mL。制得的司替戊醇脂质体粒径为252.0nm,PDI为0.653,包封率为59.8%。
对实施例6制备得到的司替戊醇脂质体进行表征结果如下:
如图1所示,司替戊醇脂质体溶液稀释五倍后,挥干后得到的TEM图,可见司替戊醇脂质体呈类球形,且分散均匀。
如图2所示,根据公式,斜率即为膜层厚度,脂质体的膜厚约为3.5611nm,粒径为83nm左右,可判断应为中等粒径的单层囊泡。
如图3所示,司替戊醇脂质体在人工胃液和人工胰液中的稳定性结果为,4h内胃液和胰液中司替戊醇脂质体的粒径无明显变化,说明STP脂质体整体结构在胃、肠中可以稳定地存在。司替戊醇脂质体的电位绝对值很小,为6.96mV,但它却能保持较好的稳定性,说明脂质体表面磷脂的结构赋予系统的空间稳定性。
为了更好探究司替戊醇脂质体的生物利用度特点进行了体外溶出考察和生物利用度评价,具体内容如下:
(1)体外溶出考察
采用小杯法测定司替戊醇脂质体的溶出曲线。测定条件:溶出介质为水,溶出介质体积250mL,转数100rpm/min,温度37.0℃。将STP、物理混合物、实施例1制备的司替戊醇脂质体样品各3份(相当于STP 10mg),精密称定,同时投入溶出杯中。自原料药接触溶出介质时开始计时,分别在2、5、10、20、30、45、60、90、120、240、480、720min时取样,每次抽取5mL并及时补充溶出介质5mL,用0.45μm孔径滤膜滤过,取滤液作为供试品,采用紫外分光光度法,于270nm波长处测定吸收度。
STP物理混合物制备过程为:5mg司替戊醇、50mg磷脂S100和1mg胆固醇混合均匀即得。
结果如图4所示,与司替戊醇原料药相比,司替戊醇脂质体在水中的溶出更多些。这表明将司替戊醇制成脂质体的形式,不仅使药物溶出度增强,而且因司替戊醇脂质体在胃液和胰液中高达4h的稳定性,有望提高其生物利用度。
在不冲突的情况下,本文中上述实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种司替戊醇脂质体,其特征在于,所述司替戊醇脂质体包括司替戊醇、磷脂和胆固醇,所述司替戊醇、磷脂和胆固醇的质量比为(5~15):(50~150):(1~3)。
2.如权利要求1所述的司替戊醇脂质体,其特征在于,所述司替戊醇、磷脂和胆固醇的质量比为(5~9):(50~75):(1~2)。
3.如权利要求1所述的司替戊醇脂质体,其特征在于,所述磷脂选自S75、S100、SPC、E80、EPCS、EPG、PC98-T、PL-100M、HSPC、PGE、PGSH、DS-PL95E、DSPE、DPPA、DSPA和DMP中的任一钟。
4.如权利要求3所述的司替戊醇脂质体,其特征在于,所述司替戊醇脂质体的粒径为50nm~250nm。
5.一种如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的司替戊醇脂质体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为按计量比称取司替戊醇、磷脂和胆固醇,溶于适量的乙醇溶液中,减压蒸发至乙醇完全挥干,取适量的水旋转水化,使脂质体均匀地分散在水中,冰浴超声,过滤,即得司替戊醇脂质体。
6.如权利要求5所示的制备方法,其特征在于,所述司替戊醇原料药与乙醇溶液的质量体积比为(5~15)mg:100mL。
7.如权利要求5所示的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水化温度为20℃~60℃,水化时间为25min~45min,水化体积为5~25mL。
8.如权利要求6所示的制备方法,其特征在于,所述分散的温度为20℃~50℃。
9.如权利要求7所示的制备方法,其特征在于,所述超声功率为65~100w;超声时间为3~10min。
10.一种抗癫痫药物组合物,其特征在于,采用如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的司替戊醇脂质体制备得到。
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