CN116326446A - Planting method of functional landscape zone for facility agriculture - Google Patents
Planting method of functional landscape zone for facility agriculture Download PDFInfo
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- CN116326446A CN116326446A CN202310197934.8A CN202310197934A CN116326446A CN 116326446 A CN116326446 A CN 116326446A CN 202310197934 A CN202310197934 A CN 202310197934A CN 116326446 A CN116326446 A CN 116326446A
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and provides a planting method of a functional landscape belt for facility agriculture, which comprises the following steps: preparing and fertilizing the empty land at the periphery of the facility agriculture area; planting functional landscape plants in the peripheral open space; performing field management on the functional landscape plants; the functional landscape plant is a plant capable of avoiding pests and attracting natural enemies of the pests. The planting method can utilize the characteristics of landscape plants to repel pests and attract natural enemy insects, and simultaneously provide a honey source and a propagation place for the thrown natural enemy insects, so that the biocontrol effect of natural enemy products is improved, the use times of pesticides and the residual quantity of pesticides are reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced; on the other hand, the landscaping is utilized to beautify the environment of the agricultural park, and the cost of manual or medicament weeding is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a planting method of a functional landscape belt for facility agriculture.
Background
Vegetables are the most important crops with the widest cultivation area and the most economic status except for grain crops. With the rapid development of the economic and tourism industries, in particular the rationalization adjustment of the structures of agriculture and planting industries, these factors greatly promote and promote the development of the vegetable industry.
As the demands of people on yield and quality are increasing, the greenhouse vegetable is gradually replaced by open field cultivation, the greenhouse vegetable is a greenhouse vegetable garden formed under the condition of highly intensive management, the soil is formed under the conditions of artificial cultivation, irrigation, fertilization and the like, and the management mode and the cultivation mode are different from those of the open field vegetable. According to statistics, various insect pests on facility vegetables are up to 260, the control method is mainly chemical control, pesticides are widely used in vegetable planting, and hidden hazards of excessive pesticide application, pesticide disorder and illegal pesticide violation are caused to the safe production of vegetables. With the increasing living standard of people, consumers pay more and more attention to food safety, and the requirements on the quality of vegetables are also higher and higher, so that high-quality vegetables such as green vegetables and organic vegetables are popular in the market. The vegetable production is transformed from quantity to quality, the quality of products is improved, and the quality winning is undoubtedly a new way for the vegetable planting industry to go up the steps.
At present, the control method of the plant diseases and insect pests of the facility vegetables mainly uses pesticides, and some physical control methods such as hanging a yellow blue plate, using sex attractant, insect-preventing net and the like are assisted, and some organic production parks can adopt a method for throwing natural enemy insects. However, the use of pesticides can cause the pests to generate drug resistance and agricultural product pesticide residues to exceed the standard, and if natural enemy insects are put in the pesticide, the insect can generate the phenomenon of sharp reduction after the number of the pests is reduced, so that the pesticide has no persistence.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method of a functional landscape belt for facility agriculture, which can utilize the characteristics of landscape plants to repel pests and attract natural enemy insects, and simultaneously provide honey sources and propagation sites for the thrown natural enemy insects, reduce the use times of pesticides and the residual quantity of pesticides, reduce the cost of manual or medicament weeding and reduce the pollution to the environment.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a planting method of a functional landscape belt for facility agriculture, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing and fertilizing the empty land at the periphery of the facility agriculture area;
(2) Planting functional landscape plants in the peripheral open space;
(3) Performing field management on the functional landscape plants;
the functional landscape plant is a plant capable of repelling pests and/or attracting natural enemies of the pests.
Preferably, the functional landscape plant comprises a plant of the family Compositae.
Preferably, the asteraceae plant comprises one or more of zinnia, pyrethrum, buster or marigold.
Preferably, the fertilization in the step (1) is to apply 1000-3000 kg/mu of manure or compost, and 20-40 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the empty land is subjected to film coating treatment after the fertilization in the step (1).
Preferably, the field management in the step (3) comprises water and fertilizer management and intertillage weeding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a planting method of a functional landscape belt for facility agriculture, which is simple, low in cost and easy to popularize.
2. The invention utilizes landscape plants with prevention and control effects, such as pyrethrum, coreopsis, marigold and the like, to be planted around the production area of an agricultural park, utilizes the characteristics of the landscape to repel pests and attract natural enemy insects, simultaneously provides a honey source and a propagation place for the thrown natural enemy insects, improves the biocontrol effect of natural enemy products, reduces the use times of pesticides and the residual quantity of pesticides, and reduces the pollution to the environment.
3. The invention utilizes the community advantages of landscape plants, not only beautifies the environment of the park, but also reduces manual weeding and reduces the greening investment cost of the agricultural park.
4. The invention uses the functional landscape zone to reduce the medium weeds such as barnyard grass, crab grass and the like, and reduces the number of the pests in the production area from the source.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a live view of a functional landscape belt of experimental example 1;
fig. 2 is a real view of the functional landscape tape of experimental example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a planting method of a functional landscape belt for facility agriculture, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing and fertilizing the empty land at the periphery of the facility agriculture area;
(2) Planting functional landscape plants in the peripheral open space;
(3) And performing field management on the functional landscape plants.
In the invention, firstly, land preparation and fertilization are carried out on the empty land at the periphery of a facility agriculture area, wherein the fertilization is to apply manure or compost of 1000-3000 kg/mu, ternary compound fertilizer of 20-40 kg/mu, preferably to apply manure or compost of 1500-2500 kg/mu, ternary compound fertilizer of 25-35 kg/mu, further preferably to apply manure or compost of 1800-2200 kg/mu and ternary compound fertilizer of 28-32 kg/mu. The facility agriculture comprises a multi-span greenhouse, a sunshade, a plastic greenhouse and a sunlight greenhouse.
In the invention, the empty land is coated with the film after fertilization, and the film is preferably coated immediately after fertilization and ploughing and irrigation reach more than 90% of field water holding capacity; after the film is coated, the soil temperature can be increased, and germs, pests and weed grass seeds in the soil can be killed.
In the invention, functional landscape plants are planted in the peripheral open space, wherein the functional landscape plants are plants capable of avoiding pests and/or attracting natural enemies of the pests, and the preferable functional landscape plants are plants of the Compositae family, and one or more of zinnia, pyrethrum, persian chrysanthemum or marigold are more preferable.
In the invention, the field management is carried out on the functional landscape plants, wherein the field management comprises water and fertilizer management and intertillage weeding.
In one embodiment of the invention, when the functional landscape plant is zinnia, the seeds are preferably sterilized before planting; the disinfection is that potassium permanganate solution is adopted for soaking; the mass percentage concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.5-1.5%, preferably 0.7-1.3%, and more preferably 0.9-1.1%; the soaking time is 20 to 40 minutes, preferably 25 to 35 minutes, and more preferably 28 to 32 minutes. After said sterilization, sowing seeds on demand into the substrate; the matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 to 2 parts of vermiculite, 5 to 8 parts of peat and 1 to 2 parts of perlite, wherein the substrate is preferably 1.2 to 1.8 parts of vermiculite, 5.5 to 7.5 parts of peat and 1.2 to 1.8 parts of perlite, and further preferably 1.4 to 1.6 parts of vermiculite, 6 to 7 parts of peat and 1.4 to 1.6 parts of perlite. After sowing, a layer of vermiculite is covered on the seedling, shading and rain shielding are carried out before emergence, the water content of the seedling bed after emergence is kept at 50-60%, preferably 52-58%, and more preferably 54-56%. The temperature during the day is kept at 18-20 ℃, the temperature during the night is kept at 14-16 ℃, the temperature during the day is preferably kept at 18.5-19.5 ℃, the temperature during the night is preferably kept at 14.5-15.5 ℃, the temperature during the day is more preferably kept at 18.8-19.2 ℃, and the temperature during the night is preferably kept at 14.8-15.2 ℃. Supplementing water-soluble fertilizer or foliar fertilizer for 1-3 times in the flowering period of the zinnia, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is commercially available water-soluble fertilizer with the dosage of 35-45 g/mu, preferably 37-43 g/mu, and more preferably 39-41 g/mu; diluting with water to 1000-1500 times liquid, preferably 1100-1400 times liquid, more preferably 1200-1300 times liquid; the foliar fertilizer is a commercially available active Roman foliar fertilizer, the dosage is 30-50 mL/mu, preferably 35-45 mL/mu, and more preferably 38-42 mL/mu; the aqueous solution is diluted to 1000 to 1500 times, preferably 1100 to 1400 times, more preferably 1200 to 1300 times, with water at the time of application.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, when the planted functional landscape plant is the Persian chrysanthemum, fine sand and the Persian chrysanthemum seeds are preferably mixed before planting, and the mixing weight ratio of the fine sand to the Persian chrysanthemum seeds is 1-2:30-50, preferably 1.2-1.8:35-45, and further preferably 1.4-1.6:38-42. Seeding is preferably performed in a broadcast manner. After the sowing, the soil is covered with sandy soil for watering, preferably the soil is in a moist state after the seedling emergence, and the watering time interval is 5-8 d, preferably 6-7 d.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, when the planted functional landscape plant is pyrethrum, the pyrethrum seedlings are preferably transplanted directly, and the row spacing of hole planting during transplanting is 25-35 cm, preferably 27-33 cm, and further preferably 29-31 cm; the hole distance of hole planting during transplanting is 20-30 cm, preferably 22-28 cm, and further preferably 24-26 cm; the transplanting depth is 5-10 cm, preferably 6-9 cm, and more preferably 7-8 cm during transplanting; preferably 1-2 plants are planted in each hole during transplanting. During the growth process of pyrethrum, soil loosening and weeding are carried out, and phosphate fertilizer is used for topdressing during the bud period.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a planting method of a zinnia function landscape tape for facility agriculture, which comprises the following steps:
1. land selection and preparation
Soil preparation and fertilization are carried out on the open land at the periphery of the multi-span greenhouse.
2. Soil and fertilizer
1500kg of manure and 25kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied per mu as base fertilizers, the base fertilizers are paved after being uniformly ploughed, and the soil is killed by adopting a high-temperature film-covered fumigation method before sowing in summer.
3. Sowing seeds
Before sowing, 1% potassium permanganate solution is used for soaking the zinnia cerealis seeds for 30min so as to prevent diseases and insect pests in the growing period. The substrate is prepared by mixing 1 part of vermiculite, 3 parts of peat and 1 part of perlite, sterilizing by using 0.05% potassium permanganate solution, dibbling after the substrate is wetted before sowing, and covering a layer of vermiculite after sowing, wherein the zinnia is a suspected flower seed. The temperature is kept at 22 ℃, no light is needed in the germination period, and the water content of the seedbed after germination is kept at 60%.
4. Field management
Except for shading light and taking shelter from rain before emergence, sufficient sunlight is needed. The proper day temperature after the emergence of the zinnia is 20 ℃ and the night temperature is 16 ℃. The subsequent water and fertilizer management is simple, no manual watering is needed, and 2 times of water-soluble fertilizers are supplemented in the flowering phase.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a planting method of a Persian chrysanthemum functional landscape belt for facility agriculture, which comprises the following steps:
1. land selection and preparation
And (5) land preparation and fertilization are carried out on the empty land at the periphery of the sunshade.
2. Soil and fertilizer
2000kg of manure and 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied per mu as base fertilizers, the base fertilizers are paved after being uniformly ploughed, and the soil can be killed by adopting a high-temperature film-covered fumigation method before sowing in summer.
3. Sowing seeds
Fine sand and bust chrysanthemum seeds were mixed according to 1g: after being mixed and prepared according to the proportion of 20g, the mixture is sowed in soil in a broadcasting mode, sand soil with the thickness of 1cm is covered on the soil, and seedlings can emerge after watering for one week. The heart is picked in the growing period, so that branches and flowers are promoted.
4. Field management
After the seedling grows out from the Isopenteum seed, watering once a week, and keeping the soil in a moist state. After sufficient base fertilizer is applied, a diluted nitrogenous fertilizer is applied before flowering.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a planting method of pyrethrum functional landscape belts for facility agriculture, which comprises the following steps:
1. land selection and preparation
Ploughing, crushing, thinning and leveling are carried out on the empty land at the periphery of the plastic greenhouse. Furrow was made 25m long and 120cm wide.
2. Shading of seedbed
The pyrethrum seedbed is shaded by a sunshade net in the early stage to prevent the tender leaves from being burnt.
3. Soil and fertilizer
The soil is leveled, 2500kg of compost is applied per mu, 35kg of ternary compound fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is fully mixed and stirred and then used in the soil, and the soil is ploughed uniformly.
4. Seedling transplanting
And (3) carrying out hole planting after seedling transplanting, wherein the row spacing of the hole planting is 30cm, the hole spacing is 25cm, the planting depth is 7cm, and 2 plants are planted in each hole.
5. Field management
In the early stage of pyrethrum growth, 2 loosens and weeding operations are required. Weeds can be pressed after plants form community advantages. And during the bud stage, phosphate fertilizer is used for topdressing, so that the number of flowers is increased.
Experimental example 1
The trapping effect of the functional landscape tape on surrounding natural enemy insects was studied by using the planting methods of examples 1 to 3.
And selecting greenhouse with similar conditions in the same area for test, wherein the planted crops are solanaceous vegetables. It is divided into a control zone CK (non-planted functional landscape zone), a treatment T1 of planting the plants in example 1 around the greenhouse, a treatment T2 of planting the plants in example 2 around the greenhouse, and a treatment T2 of planting the plants around the greenhouseTreatment T3 of plants in example 3. The natural enemy communities in the landscape zone and the control are investigated by adopting a Z-shaped sampling method, 10 points are sampled each time in each treatment, and 1m is sampled each time 2 Investigation was started 7d after sowing or setting, 1 investigation was performed every 10d, and the kind and number of natural enemy insects were counted. The planting live-action diagram is shown in fig. 1, and the results are shown in table 1:
table 1 functional landscape tape trapping effect (Unit: head) on surrounding Natural enemy insects
As can be seen from table 1, the number of natural enemy insects is significantly increased in the agricultural vegetable production farm where the functional landscape zone is planted, compared with the farm where the functional landscape zone is not planted, wherein the zinnia landscape zone has the best effect of trapping natural enemy insects, and the trapped natural enemy insects mainly include aphids, stink bugs, ladybirds, parasitic bees, spiders and the like. In conclusion, the functional landscape belt has remarkable trapping effect on natural enemy insects and has prevention and control effect on pests of facility crops in an area.
Experimental example 2
The planting methods of examples 1 to 3 were used to study pest repellent effects of functional landscape belts on crops in protected agriculture.
Red crown tomatoes greenhouse with similar conditions around the same area are selected for the test, and are divided into a control area CK (without functional landscape zone), a treatment T1 for planting the plants in example 1 around the greenhouse, a treatment T2 for planting the plants in example 2 around the greenhouse, and a treatment T3 for planting the plants in example 3 around the greenhouse. Taking 0.5m sample of 0.5m in each point according to a 5-point sampling method in a greenhouse, counting the types and the numbers of pests in each sample, sampling 3 times before, during and after the growth period, and taking an average value for counting. The planting live-action diagram is shown in fig. 2, and the results are shown in table 2:
table 2 pest repellent effect of functional landscape tape on crops in greenhouse
As can be seen from table 2, the number of insect pests in the agricultural vegetable production parks where functional landscape zones are planted is significantly reduced compared with that of parks where functional landscape zones are not planted, wherein the pyrethrum landscape zones have the best effect, and the tomato insect pests in the facilities are only two species of aphididae and noctuid, and the number is the lowest; secondly, the Boschniakia rossica landscape zone is researched and found that insect pests are of Aphididae, spodoptera frugiperda and Pinceridae, other species are not found, and the quantity is small; the zinnia cerealis landscape zone has good pest repellent effect on crops in facilities, four pests including Aphididae, noctuidae, aleyrodidae and Pinceridae are adopted as pests, and the quantity of the zinnia cerealis landscape zone is obviously reduced compared with CK. In conclusion, the functional landscape belt has remarkable pest avoiding effect on crops in facilities, and the effect of the pyrethrum landscape belt is best.
According to the embodiment, the planting method of the functional landscape belt for facility agriculture can utilize the characteristics of landscape plants to repel pests and attract natural enemy insects, and simultaneously provide a honey source and a breeding place for the thrown natural enemy insects, so that the use times of pesticides and the residual quantity of pesticides are reduced, the cost of manual or medicament weeding is reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for planting a functional landscape belt for facility agriculture, comprising the steps of:
(1) Preparing and fertilizing the empty land at the periphery of the facility agriculture area;
(2) Planting functional landscape plants in the peripheral open space;
(3) Performing field management on the functional landscape plants;
the functional landscape plant is a plant capable of repelling pests and/or attracting natural enemies of the pests.
2. The method of planting according to claim 1, wherein the functional landscape plant comprises a plant of the family Compositae.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the asteraceae plant comprises one or more of zinnia, pyrethrum, buster or marigold.
4. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilization in the step (1) is applying manure or compost of 1000-3000 kg/mu, and the ternary compound fertilizer of 20-40 kg/mu.
5. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the applying of fertilizer in step (1) is followed by a film coating treatment to the open air.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the field management of step (3) includes water and fertilizer management and intertillage weeding.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310197934.8A CN116326446A (en) | 2023-03-03 | 2023-03-03 | Planting method of functional landscape zone for facility agriculture |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310197934.8A CN116326446A (en) | 2023-03-03 | 2023-03-03 | Planting method of functional landscape zone for facility agriculture |
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| CN116326446A true CN116326446A (en) | 2023-06-27 |
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| CN202310197934.8A Pending CN116326446A (en) | 2023-03-03 | 2023-03-03 | Planting method of functional landscape zone for facility agriculture |
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