CN116267475A

CN116267475A - Auxiliary shading device

Info

Publication number: CN116267475A
Application number: CN202310113641.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖良俊
Original assignee: Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences
Current assignee: Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences
Priority date: 2021-09-23
Filing date: 2021-09-23
Publication date: 2023-06-23
Also published as: CN113678704A; CN113678704B

Abstract

The invention provides an auxiliary shading device which is used for controlling the intensity of sunlight irradiated on konjak; the device comprises a body, a first light shielding plate, a second light shielding plate and a sliding plate strip; the plurality of first light shielding plates are erected on the body at uniform intervals along a set direction; the plurality of second light shielding plates are erected on the sliding plate strip at equal intervals along the set direction; the sliding plate strip is movably arranged on the body along the set direction and used for adjusting the overlapping degree between the first light shielding plate and the second light shielding plate. The second light shielding plates are utilized to cover part or all of gaps between two adjacent first light shielding plates, and the covering degree of the second light shielding plates on the gaps of the first light shielding plates is adjusted by synchronously moving the sliding plate strips, so that the light transmittance of the whole auxiliary shading device is adjusted.

Description

Auxiliary shading device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to an auxiliary shading device.

Background

At present, konjak (Amorphopha l l us) is a perennial herb plant, the growth of which must have a certain shading degree and light transmittance, and the soluble hemicellulose glucomannan which is rich in tubers is a good product in human seventh nutrient cellulose, and the processed product konjak refined powder is widely applied to various fields of food, medicine, petroleum, chemical industry, environmental protection, aerospace and the like. In recent years, the demands of the markets at home and abroad on konjak and processed products thereof are increasing, and konjak is in a basic pattern of supply and shortage as a whole.

The konjak is shade-loving, not resistant to direct irradiation of strong light, and shade-cooling and light-scattering with medium weak intensity is beneficial to photosynthesis and growth of konjak. The existing manual shading and light transmission technology of konjak has high cost and poor controllability. For example, deep ditches or deep pit digging planting is performed on the soil moisture surface, the fertilizer is placed at the ditch bottom or pit bottom to cover soil for planting konjak, the operation procedure is complex, drainage is not facilitated, ventilation and light transmission are not facilitated, fertilizer utilization is not facilitated, digging is not facilitated, and konjak corms are easy to damage. Meanwhile, the additional fertilizer on the soil moisture surface is easy to touch the organs such as konjak leaves, root systems and the like, and the konjak soft rot is easy to cause, and the disease is not effectively prevented and treated at present, so that the frequent large-scale outbreak of the disease causes the decrease and even the sterilization of the commercial konjak yield.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to an auxiliary shading device, which solves at least one of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art. The application is a divisional application with the application number of 2021111107765 and the application date of 2021, 9, 23 days and the name of a konjak planting method.

In order to solve the technical problems, the konjak planting method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

s10, selecting walnut woodland with soil quality suitable for konjak growth;

s20, deep turning is carried out on walnut woodland for the first time in 12 months of the first year; sowing konjak in the next year, and carrying out secondary deep turning on the walnut forest land in the first month;

s30, delaying planting; fully expanding leaves of the walnut in the middle and late 4 months of the second year to form shading, and paying off and sowing konjak when the light transmittance is 20-40%, and forming double-ridge soil covering;

s40, fertilizing and earthing in the middle of the second 5 months;

s50, harvesting the konjak after seedling pouring.

Further, in the step S10, the gradient of the walnut forest land is less than or equal to 10 degrees; or the walnut forest land is a land; and the walnut forest land has good drainage and irrigation conditions.

Further, in step S10, the light transmittance of the walnut forest is 20-40%.

If the walnut forest is the walnut forest with the tree age of not less than 10 years, pruning is needed in winter; the walnut young forest can be planted directly.

Further, in step S20, the depth of one deep turn is 20-30cm.

Further, in step S20, the depth of the secondary deep turning is 5-10cm.

Further, in step S20, 1000-2000 kg/mu of farmyard manure, 10-50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, 10-50 kg/mu of common calcium, 5-15 kg/mu of raw stone powder and 0.2-1kg of micro fertilizer rich in magnesium and zinc are applied to the walnut forest land before secondary deep turning, and the fertilizer is turned into the land by a rotary cultivator after fertilization, wherein the depth is 5-10cm.

Further, in the step S30, during paying off, quick lime is used for scattering seeding lines along a gentle slope direction or in a drainage direction, a mark line is marked as 1 at a position which is 30cm away from the ground, mark lines are marked at positions which are every 30cm with mark lines which are marked as mark lines 1, and the like, mark lines are marked at intervals of 0.30m for one generation of annual seed, 0.40m for two generations of biennial seed, 0.45m for three generations of biennial seed, and the odd mark lines are used for placing konjak seeds, konjak eyes are inclined at an angle of 45 degrees to the outer side of the seeding mark lines when the konjak seeds are placed, konjak seeds of 2 seeding lines are placed in a crossing space, the distance between the first generation of konjak seeds is 10-15cm, the distance between the second generation of konjak seeds is 20-30cm, and the distance between the third generation of konjak seeds is 35-45 cm.

Further, when the double-ridge soil covering is performed in the step S30, a small hand tractor is selected to walk between even standard lines, the distance between a coulter and the seed taro is adjusted to be 5-10cm, the ploughing depth is adjusted to be 10-15cm, the seed taro is covered to be 5-10cm, an outer drainage ditch is formed after soil covering, a fertilizing groove is reserved at the middle even sowing line, and the soil moisture surface with the fertilizing groove is formed.

Further, in step S30, mixed fertilizer is put into a fertilizer application groove reserved in even sowing lines before konjak seedlings emerge, the mixed fertilizer is 3-5cm thick, and after the fertilizer application is finished, soil in the outer drainage ditch is covered with a thin layer.

Wherein the mixed fertilizer component comprises 2 parts of organic fertilizer and 1 part of compound fertilizer by weight.

Further, in step S50, after the konjak is planted, a small tractor is used to walk between even standard lines, a coulter is adjusted to be right below (odd standard lines) the planting of the konjak, the ploughing depth is 20-25cm, and the ploughed konjak is picked up.

Further, an auxiliary shading device is also included for controlling the intensity of sunlight irradiated on the konjak.

When the walnut forest is a young forest and the light transmittance is high, or a part of the forest land cannot be used as a cool land, the auxiliary shading device can be used for controlling the sunlight intensity and the light transmittance of the konjak.

Further, the auxiliary shading device comprises a body, a first shading plate, a second shading plate and a sliding plate strip;

the plurality of first light shielding plates are erected on the body at uniform intervals along a set direction;

the plurality of second light shielding plates are erected on the sliding plate strip at equal intervals along the set direction;

the sliding plate strip is movably arranged on the body along the set direction and used for adjusting the overlapping degree between the first light shielding plate and the second light shielding plate.

The second light shielding plates are utilized to cover part or all of gaps between two adjacent first light shielding plates, and the covering degree of the second light shielding plates on the gaps of the first light shielding plates is adjusted by synchronously moving the sliding plate strips, so that the light transmittance of the whole auxiliary shading device is adjusted.

Preferably, the first light shielding plate and the second light shielding plate are identical, and in a state that the first light shielding plate and the second light shielding plate are parallel to each other, a distance between two adjacent first light shielding plates is equal to a distance between two adjacent second light shielding plates.

Further, the first light shielding plates are rotatably arranged on the body, and then gaps between two adjacent first light shielding plates are adjusted.

Further, a return spring is provided between the body and the slider bar, the return spring tending to urge the slider bar to move, reducing the extent of coverage of the first mask gap by the second mask.

Preferably, on a projection plane parallel to the second light shielding plate, the return spring can force the second light shielding plate to completely withdraw from the first light shielding plate gap without external force, and the coverage degree of the second light shielding plate is reduced to zero. That is, the second light shielding plates are completely withdrawn from the spaces between the first light shielding plates.

Further, the solar energy storage device also comprises a solar panel, a controller and a storage battery; the solar panel is connected with the controller through a first circuit, and the controller is connected with the storage battery through a second circuit; the first circuit is provided with an electromagnet; the electromagnet is arranged at the tail end of the reset spring, and an iron block is fixedly arranged at the top end of the reset spring; the current generated by the solar cell panel generates magnetic force after passing through the electromagnet, and the iron block compresses the reset spring under the adsorption action of the magnetic force, so that the second light shielding plate is driven to move.

This application simple structure, and be convenient for in the field popularization that does not have the commercial power, solar cell panel is as the electric energy source, can maintain the automatic operation of supplementary shading device, simultaneously as photosensitive element, thermal element and actuating element, the luminousness of supplementary shading device of automatically regulated. When the sunlight is sufficient, the current is increased, the generated magnetic force naturally increases, so that the light transmittance can be automatically adjusted and reduced, and when the current is reduced in cloudy days or at night, the light transmittance is automatically increased.

Preferably, the first circuit is further provided with a direct current linear amplification module, and the current flows through the electromagnet after being amplified in the same direction and equal proportion by the direct current linear amplification module.

The first circuit can be a main circuit current, and the main circuit current flows through the electromagnet and flows into the storage battery for storage through the controller, or the first circuit comprises two parallel branches, one branch is directly connected with the controller and the storage battery in sequence, and the other branch is connected with the electromagnet for controlling the magnetic force of the electromagnet. The storage battery can be used as a power supply and connected with the controller and/or the direct current linear amplification module.

By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the konjak planting method provided by the invention, the walnut forest land is fully utilized, the light transmittance optimal for konjak growth is achieved through pruning of the walnut forest in winter, planting is delayed according to the konjak growth characteristics, and meanwhile, small-sized agricultural machinery is adopted for soil preparation, planting and harvesting. The method can achieve the advantages of high konjak seedling emergence rate, high fertilizer utilization rate, good drainage effect, good ventilation and light transmittance, low disease occurrence rate, less labor investment, high commodity konjak bulb expansion rate, time and labor saving during planting, and effectively solves the problem that konjak planting is easy to cause soft rot.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings which are required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a side view of an auxiliary shade device according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the auxiliary shade device of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of the auxiliary shade device in embodiment 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of another embodiment of the auxiliary shade device of example 3;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the first light shielding plate in the embodiment 3 in a rotatable manner;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the L-shaped first light shielding plate and the second light shielding plate in embodiment 3.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

The invention is further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1

The konjak planting method provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:

s10, selecting walnut woodland with soil quality suitable for konjak growth;

s40, fertilizing and earthing in the middle of the second 5 months;

s50, harvesting the konjak after seedling pouring.

In the step S10, the gradient of the walnut forest land is less than or equal to 10 degrees; or the walnut forest land is a land; and the walnut forest land has good drainage and irrigation conditions. The light transmittance of the walnut forest is preferably 20-40%. If the walnut forest is the walnut forest with the tree age of not less than 10 years, pruning is needed in winter; the walnut young forest can be planted directly.

Further, in step S20, the depth of one deep turn is 20-30cm. The depth of the secondary deep turning is 5-10cm. Before secondary deep turning, applying 1000-2000kg of farmyard manure, 10-50kg of compound fertilizer, 10-50kg of common calcium, 5-15kg of raw stone powder and 0.2-1kg of micro fertilizer rich in magnesium and zinc to the walnut forest land, and turning the fertilizer into the land by a rotary cultivator after fertilization, wherein the depth is 5-10cm.

More preferably, in the step S30, during paying off, quick lime is used for scattering seeding lines along a gentle slope direction or a drainage direction, a mark line is marked as 1 at a position which is 30cm away from the ground, mark lines are marked at positions which are every 30cm with mark lines which are marked as mark lines 1, and the like, mark lines are marked at intervals of 0.30m of first generation seeds, 0.40m of second generation seeds, 0.45m of third generation seeds, odd marks are marked, konjak seeds are placed, when the konjak seeds are placed, the konjak eyes are inclined at an angle of 45 degrees to the outer side of the seeding marks, konjak seeds of 2 seeding lines are placed in a crossing mode, first generation seed spacing is 10-15cm according to the size of the seeds, second generation seed spacing is 20-30cm, and third generation seed spacing is 35-45 cm.

In the step S30, when double ridges are covered with soil, a small hand tractor is selected to walk between even standard lines, the distance between a coulter and seed taro is adjusted to be 5-10cm, the ploughing depth is adjusted to be 10-15cm, the seed taro is covered to be 5-10cm, an outer drainage ditch is formed after soil covering, a fertilizing groove is reserved at the middle even sowing line, and the soil moisture surface with the fertilizing groove is formed.

And (3) putting mixed fertilizer into a fertilizer application groove reserved in even sowing lines before konjak seedlings emerge, wherein the mixed fertilizer is 3-5cm thick, and taking out drain ditch soil outside after the fertilizer application is finished, and covering a thin layer. Wherein the mixed fertilizer component comprises 2 parts of organic fertilizer and 1 part of compound fertilizer by weight.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 1-2, the present embodiment discloses an auxiliary shade device for controlling the intensity of sunlight irradiated on konjak. When the walnut forest is a young forest and the light transmittance is high, or a part of the forest land cannot be used as a cool land, the auxiliary shading device can be used for controlling the sunlight intensity and the light transmittance of the konjak.

The auxiliary shade device comprises a body 10, a first shade 20, a second shade 30 and a slide bar 31; the body 10 is a strip-shaped fixing frame and is fixed on the ground by using ground nails. In use, the body 10 is disposed along a ridge on the light-facing side of a shade-happy plant such as konjak.

A plurality of the first shade plates 20 are erected on the body 10 at regular intervals in a set direction (i.e., a length direction of the body 10); a plurality of the second light shielding plates 30 are erected on the slider bar 31 at regular intervals in the set direction (the same length direction as the slider bar 31); the sliding plate bar 31 is movably disposed in the sliding groove 11 on the body 10 along the set direction (i.e. the length direction of the body 10) for adjusting the overlapping degree between the first light shielding plate 20 and the second light shielding plate 30.

That is, the second light shielding plate 30 covers part or all of the gaps between two adjacent first light shielding plates 20, and the covering degree of the second light shielding plate 30 on the gaps of the first light shielding plates 20 is adjusted by synchronously moving the sliding plate strips 31, so that the light transmittance of the whole auxiliary light shielding device is adjusted.

Preferably, the first light shielding plate 20 and the second light shielding plate 30 are identical, and in a state in which the first light shielding plate 20 and the second light shielding plate 30 are parallel to each other, the pitch of the adjacent two first light shielding plates 20 is equal to the pitch of the adjacent two second light shielding plates 30.

More preferably, referring to fig. 2, one end of the body 10 of the present embodiment further includes a return spring 12, where the return spring 12 is disposed between the body 10 and the sliding plate bar 31, and the return spring 12 tends to force the sliding plate bar 31 to move, and reduce the coverage of the gap of the first light shielding plate 20 by the second light shielding plate 30. The other end of the body 10 is provided with an adjusting bolt 13, the adjusting bolt 13 is rotatably arranged in a threaded hole in the body 10, the top of the adjusting bolt is propped against the sliding plate strip 31, and the sliding plate strip can be forced to carry all the second light shielding plates 30 to move relative to the first light shielding plates 20 by rotating the adjusting bolt 13, so that the light transmittance of the whole device is adjusted.

In the projection plane parallel to the second light shielding plate 30, the return spring 12 can force the second light shielding plate 30 to completely withdraw from the gap of the first light shielding plate 20 without external force, and the coverage of the second light shielding plate is reduced to zero. That is, the second light shielding plates 30 are completely withdrawn from the interval between the first light shielding plates 20.

The device has simple structure, is convenient to popularize and apply, and can adjust the light transmittance according to the needs, thereby creating an environment suitable for the growth of konjak.

Example 3

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 2 except that:

referring to fig. 3, an auxiliary shade device of the present embodiment includes a solar panel 41, a controller 42, and a storage battery 43; the solar panel 41 is connected with the controller 42 through a first circuit 46, and the controller 42 is connected with the storage battery 43 through a second circuit; the first circuit 46 is provided with an electromagnet 44; the electromagnet 44 is arranged at the tail end of the return spring 12, and an iron block 45 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the return spring 12; the current generated by the solar panel 41 generates magnetic force after passing through the electromagnet 44, and the iron block 45 compresses the return spring 12 under the adsorption action of the magnetic force, so as to drive the second light shielding plate 30 to move.

The solar cell panel 41 is used as an electric energy source, can maintain the automatic operation of the auxiliary shading device, and is used as a photosensitive element, a heat sensing element and an executing element, and the light transmittance of the auxiliary shading device is automatically adjusted. When the sunlight is sufficient, the current is increased, the generated magnetic force naturally increases, so that the light transmittance can be automatically adjusted and reduced, and when the current is reduced in cloudy days or at night, the light transmittance is automatically increased.

Preferably, the first circuit 46 is provided with a dc linear amplifying module 47, and the current flows through the electromagnet 44 after being amplified in the same direction and equal proportion by the dc linear amplifying module 47, so as to increase the magnetic force. The dc linear amplification module 47 is a prior art, and is directly commercially available, and will not be described herein.

The first circuit 46 may be a main current, which flows through the electromagnet 44 and flows into the storage battery 43 through the controller 42 for storage, or, referring to fig. 4, the first circuit 46 includes two parallel branches, the first branch 46b is directly connected with the controller 42 and the storage battery 43 in sequence, and the second branch 46a is connected with the electromagnet 44 for controlling the magnetic force of the electromagnet 44.

And, referring to fig. 3, the battery 43 may be connected as a power source to the controller 42 and/or the dc linear amplifying module 47.

Referring to fig. 5, further, the first light-shielding plates 20 are rotatably disposed on the body 10, so as to adjust the gap between two adjacent first light-shielding plates 20.

And more preferably, referring to fig. 6, the first and second light-shielding

plates

20 and 30 are L-shaped, and/or light-transmitting holes may be arranged on the light-shielding plates as required, thereby better providing a shading function for konjak or other publically-happy plants.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. An auxiliary shading device is characterized by being used for controlling the intensity of sunlight irradiated on konjak;

the auxiliary shading device comprises a body, a first shading plate, a second shading plate and a sliding plate strip;

2. The auxiliary shade device according to claim 1, wherein the first shade plate and the second shade plate are identical, and a distance between two adjacent first shade plates is equal to a distance between two adjacent second shade plates in a state that the first shade plate and the second shade plate are parallel to each other.

3. The auxiliary shade device according to claim 1, wherein the first shade plates are rotatably disposed on the body to adjust a gap between two adjacent first shade plates.

4. The auxiliary shade device of claim 1, further comprising a return spring disposed between the body and the slider bar, the return spring tending to urge the slider bar to move, reducing the extent of coverage of the first shade gap by the second shade.

5. The auxiliary shade device of claim 4, wherein the return spring forces the second shade to completely exit the first shade gap without external force on a projection plane parallel to the second shade, which reduces the degree of coverage to zero.

6. The auxiliary shade device of claim 4, further comprising a solar panel, a controller, and a battery; the solar panel is connected with the controller through a first circuit, and the controller is connected with the storage battery through a second circuit; the first circuit is provided with an electromagnet; the electromagnet is arranged at the tail end of the reset spring, and an iron block is fixedly arranged at the top end of the reset spring; the current generated by the solar cell panel generates magnetic force after passing through the electromagnet, and the iron block compresses the reset spring under the adsorption action of the magnetic force, so that the second light shielding plate is driven to move.

7. The auxiliary shade device according to claim 6, wherein the first circuit is provided with a direct current linear amplifying module, and the current flows through the electromagnet after being amplified in the same direction and equal proportion by the direct current linear amplifying module, so as to increase the magnetic force.