CN1161987A - 具有聚内酰胺基体的可再热模塑复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

具有聚内酰胺基体的可再热模塑复合材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1161987A
CN1161987A CN97100401A CN97100401A CN1161987A CN 1161987 A CN1161987 A CN 1161987A CN 97100401 A CN97100401 A CN 97100401A CN 97100401 A CN97100401 A CN 97100401A CN 1161987 A CN1161987 A CN 1161987A
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爱德华·施密德
罗曼·埃德
乌尔斯·维尔德
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Abstract

提供一种含有一基体的可二次热模塑复合材料的制备方法,基体是由通过活化的阴离子型聚合制得的聚丙酰胺形成。

Description

具有聚内酰胺基体的可再热模塑复合材料的制备方法
本发明涉及一种由活化的阴离子型聚合作用可再热模塑的复合材料的方法,复合材料由包围着增强纤维构成的聚内酰胺基体组成。
含有纤维增强的编织物、配制物(Gelegen)、纤维或丝织物和粗纱以及一个热固性塑料基体(例如由聚酯树脂或环氧树脂构成)的粉状挤出型材、有机板材、空心体和容器以及半成品在日益增长的市场中有很大的用途。
这样的有一完全包围着纺织增强物的基体的复合体的特点是其尺寸稳定性好和具有在潮气影响下一直恒定的性能,耐含水体系、脂肪、油、汽油和醇的高稳定性,抗环境影响性以及对热的极其稳定性。
在此,制备复合体的基本原则是用高流动性的熔体尽可能完美地浸渍纺织增强构成,随后加工成型和硬化,优选地是在热和压力作用下。迫切需要有的再模塑对于热固性塑料基体根本不可能。
为了制备有热塑性基体的复合材料,高熔融粘度对于整个湿润和浸渍增强构成证明是极其困难的。尽管有热和压力的作用,增强纤维大部分不能足够地被包围住并且夹杂气体不能完全地除去。
在DE-A-2801990介绍了由阴离子型聚合的内酰胺、特别是内酰胺-6制备含有填料的浇注模体的方法。混入到内酰胺熔体中的填料应能减小已知浇注聚酰胺具有的起破坏作用的大的模制体体积收缩。然而,按照已知的现有技术,活化的阴离子催化的内酰胺聚合是在采用两种分开熔体的条件下进行的,其中一种含有催化剂,另一种含活化剂。
在此,本发明的目的是,提供一个技术简单并安全的制备增强的和可再热模塑的复合材料的方法,复合材料要具有一聚内酰胺基体并有恒定的性能。
该目的可通过本发明所述之将同时含有活化剂和催化剂以及选择性的添加剂的贮存稳定的液相体系计量加入无水内酰胺熔体中并混合均匀,引发阴离子聚合,随后在温度作用下,将如此活化的内酰胺以聚合开始时低粘度状态挤入增强纤维构成并包围住,然后进一步聚合并成型,之后可进行再模塑和/或热后处理,从而制备可再热模塑的复合材料的方法和按照本发明所述方法制得的复合材料而达到。
特别地可由这样一种方法达到,其中含有活化剂和催化剂的内酰胺熔体在活化的阴离子型内酰胺聚合作用下开始时在粘度仍很低的状态下挤入增强纤维构成并完全包围住,其后在聚合的固体状态形成复合材料的热塑性基体,并从而使其再模塑成为可能。
由内酰胺和0.5-15计重份量的同时溶有活化剂和催化剂的液相体系制备催化活化的内酰胺熔体。
液相体系主要由以下组成:
a)30-80计重份量
a1)至少一种N-取代的羧酰胺化合物和/或
a2)至少一种N,N’-二取代的脲化合物作为溶剂,两者可选择性地含有一由其取代基形成的杂环,
b)5-40计重份量至少一种碱金属或碱土金属内酰胺盐作为催化剂,
c)5-40计重份量至少一种使碱性内酰胺聚合活化的化合物,其中a)、b)和c)相加为100计重份量,以及选择性地附加由
d)影响加工和/或性能的添加剂,对聚合无影响或仅有针对性的影响并与组份a)、b)和c)相容。
N,N’-二取代的脲化合物a1)是公知的,例如见于BASF-公司印刷品(Firmenschrift)″BASF-中间产品(Zwischenprodukte)1993″。
同样适合的N-取代的羧酰胺化合物a2)和内酰胺盐b)见于美国专利(US-PS3575938)。
优选的活化化合物c)是封闭的、优选用内酰胺或羟基脂肪烷基噁唑啉封闭的异氰酸酯和聚异氰酸酯、碳化二亚胺和聚碳化二亚胺。
优选使用的内酰胺是己内酰胺、庚内酰胺、月桂内酰胺和它们的混合物。
用作增强纤维构成的有:针织物、织物、编织物、纬编织物、针织物(Gestricke)、配制物、非织造织物、丝束和粗纱、玻璃-矿物-、石棉-、芳族聚酰胺-和碳纤维。它们必须尽可能无潮气。
本发明的方法具有下列主要优点:
—能够由一不存在老化问题的干燥的纯内酰胺熔体出发,
—既含活化剂又含催化剂的所用液相体系有很高的贮存稳定性,并在高温和室温下均有好的计量性,以及仅在聚合反应开始前才加入到内酰胺中,
—快速引发的活化的阴离子型内酰胺聚合是可重复的,并且可通过温度和液相体系的活化剂/催化剂浓度控制其速度,
—聚合作用开始时粘度仍很低,内酰胺熔体可很好地湿润并挤入增强纤维构成中,从而尽可能地避免了由于夹杂气体或受损增强纤维引起的破坏。
该方法特别对于有高体积含量的束紧的增强纤维的构成是很有利的,构成如要求的针织物、织物、编织物、纬编织物、配制物和非织造织物,但对紧密的纤维条、纤维缆和粗纱也很有利。
这样,可以制得含有高体积含量的完美地捆扎在基体中的增强纤维构成的复合材料。
特别有利的是将本发明的方法用于连续制备复合材料。
与此相反,对于现有技术公知的由聚合的高粘度聚酰胺熔体制备的复合材料,通常需要高压、高温和极长的加工时间,这会导致提高损害复合材料的危险。
在本发明的方法中,很容易进行液相体系体积恒定的计量和与低粘度内酰胺熔体的混合。
添加剂可选择性地直接加入内酰胺熔体、与液相体系一起加入和/或直接加入活化的优选粘度更低的熔体中。
适合于连续加工方法的有所谓的Static混合机,例如苏尔采尔公司(Fa Sulzer,Winterthur(CH))混合机,或移动复合接头,例如巴尔采尔斯公司(Fa.Dosiplast,Balzers(FL))机。
聚合以优选的方式通过液相体系中活化剂和催化剂的浓度、活化剂类型和反应温度来控制。在此,为加大反应速度,将反应温度升到最高300℃。
在优选的加工方法变型中连续地进行加工成型。其中粉末挤出方法对型材、板材和管材是特别优选的。
在特别优选的方法变型中,聚合作用至少部分地在加工成型中进行。
复合材料可再热模塑,可互相结合或与其它的由同种材料形成的部件或类似的相容基体相结合,例如热焊接,从而进行各种各样的加工成型。
本发明的复合材料有利的是用作模制体。其中优选型材用于电缆和导结保护层,结构型材用于轻型结构、用于控制箱、仪器和机器的框架部件。有利的是在同时使用加热的压力辊的情况下来生产。
本发明方法的一个优选改进方法变型是生产长纤维增强的粒状物,是在热塑性基体的基础上例如用注塑或挤出方法而进一步加工成的。在此,如果是在尽可能避免纤维受损,例如剪切损坏的情况下加工,则得到的模制体有极好的机械性能。
本发明的方法也特别适用于所谓的树脂压铸法和旋转浇注法,优选使用增强纤维构成。
在对模制体至少部分或分段地加压、抽真空或热作用下优选的再模塑有例如通过挤压或焊接的折合、3-维成型。
本发明还包括可按本发明方法制成的复合材料。

Claims (11)

1.通过活化的阴离子型聚合作用可再热模塑的复合材料的方法,复合材料由一包围着增强纤维构成的聚内酰胺基体构成,其特征在于:将同时含有活化剂和催化剂以及选择性的添加剂的贮存稳定的液相体系计量加入无水内酰胺熔体中并混合均匀,引发阴离子聚合,随后,在温度作用下,将如此活化的内酰胺以聚合开始时低粘度状态挤入增强纤维构成并包围住,然后,进一步聚合并成型,之后可进行再模塑和/或热后处理。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:聚内酰胺是聚己内酰胺、聚庚内酰胺、聚月桂内酰胺或它们的混合物。
3.按照权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于:增强纤维面料选自纤维缆、粗纱、织物、针织物、纬编织物、针织物配制物和编织物或它们的组合。
4.按照权利要求1至3中任一项的方法,其特征在于:增强纤维选自玻璃-、矿物-、石棉-、芳族聚酰胺纤维和碳纤维。
5.按照权利要求1至4中任一项的方法,其特征在于:液相体系主要由以下组成:
a)30-80计重份量,
a1)至少一种N-取代的羧酰胺化合物和/或
a2)至少一种N,N’-二取代的脲化合物,两者选择性地含有一个由其取代基形成的杂环,
b)5-40计重份量至少一种碱金属或碱土金属内酰胺盐作为催化剂,
c)5-40计重份量至少一种使碱性内酰胺聚合活化的化合物,其中a)、b)和c)相加为100计重份量,以及选择性地附加由
d)影响加工和/或性能的添加剂,对聚合无影响或仅有针对性的影响并与组份a)、b)和c)相容。
6.按照权利要求1至5中任一项的方法,其特征在于:在聚合过程中通过液相体系中活化剂/催化剂浓度、活化剂类型和温度来控制。
7.按照权利要求1至6中任一项的方法,其特征在于:渗入纤维构成后聚合温度最高不得超过300℃。
8.按照权利要求1至7中任一项的方法,其特征在于:成型是在模具中连续进行的,形成型材、板材、管材或形成紧密的、可粒化的绳状型材。
9.按照权利要求1至7中任一项的方法,其特征在于:成型是用树脂压铸法或旋转浇注法进行。
10.按照权利要求1至7中任一项的方法,其特征在于:再模塑是在热和/或压力或真空作用下进行。
11.按照权利要求1至10中任一项的方法制得的复合材料。
CN97100401A 1996-01-25 1997-01-27 具有聚内酰胺基体的可再热模塑复合材料的制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1112394C (zh)

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DE19602638A1 (de) 1997-08-07
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