CN116116426B - 一种用于费托合成的铁基催化剂及其制备方法、应用 - Google Patents
一种用于费托合成的铁基催化剂及其制备方法、应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116116426B CN116116426B CN202310117945.0A CN202310117945A CN116116426B CN 116116426 B CN116116426 B CN 116116426B CN 202310117945 A CN202310117945 A CN 202310117945A CN 116116426 B CN116116426 B CN 116116426B
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000012051 hydrophobic carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate;nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XPBBUZJBQWWFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosilane Chemical group [SiH3]F XPBBUZJBQWWFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride hexahydrate Chemical group O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].Cl[Fe+]Cl NQXWGWZJXJUMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical group O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 27
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 ethylene, propylene, butenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009103 reabsorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003335 steric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/8892—Manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
- C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C07C1/0425—Catalysts; their physical properties
- C07C1/043—Catalysts; their physical properties characterised by the composition
- C07C1/0435—Catalysts; their physical properties characterised by the composition containing a metal of group 8 or a compound thereof
- C07C1/044—Catalysts; their physical properties characterised by the composition containing a metal of group 8 or a compound thereof containing iron
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G2/331—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals
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- C07C2523/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups C07C2523/02 - C07C2523/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- C07C2523/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于费托合成的铁基催化剂及其制备方法、应用,首先制备出表面富含羟基的载体,然后利用改性剂进行疏水改性,最后将反应活性相负载于疏水载体外表面,负载采用醇类溶剂将铁盐均匀浸渍于疏水载体外表面的方法,制备得到的铁基催化剂可以使反应产生的水及时脱附并抑制其再吸附,从而减少水煤气变换反应的发生,降低CO2选择性,并将金属氧化物负载于载体外表面可以使反应产生的烯烃及时脱附,从而减少烯烃二次反应发生的程度,提高烯烃选择性,达到降低二氧化碳选择性的同时提高烯烃选择性的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及费托合成催化剂,具体涉及一种用于费托合成的铁基催化剂及其制备方法、应用。
背景技术
通常,费托合成的产物主要是直链烃,产物分布宽且选择性差。因此,研究费托合成最大的挑战在于高选择性的生成特定产物,如低碳烯烃(乙烯、丙烯、丁烯,C2 =-C4 =)、高碳α-烯烃等。
目前费托合成制烯烃的研究主要以铁基催化剂为主。铁基催化剂由于水煤气变换反应较强,导致产物中CO2选择性较高,且烃组成受Anderson-Schulz-Flory(ASF)分布限制,初级烯烃易发生二次加氢反应,不利于烯烃的生成。
催化剂的制备方法显著影响催化性能,如Liu等采用溶剂分散法制备的Fe3O4/MAG催化剂虽然具有很高的烯烃选择性,但CO2选择性高达59.5%(Fuel,326:125054);Javed等采用水热法制备的Fe/ZSM-5@S1-24(×2)催化剂低碳烯烃和低碳烷烃(C2-C4)总选择性仅为27.7%(Catalysis Today,330:39-45);CN110614099A公开了一种费托合成铁基催化剂及其制备方法和费托合成的方法。该催化剂中含有铁,过渡金属Zn和Cu以及碱金属K。研究表明,尽管该催化剂能够获得较高的烯烃选择性,但CO2选择性高达36.6%;CN109289853B公开了一种负载型铁基催化剂的制备方法及其应用。该催化剂含有HZSM-5分子筛载体和活性金属组分铁。研究表明,该催化剂低碳烯烃和低碳烷烃(C2-C4)总选择性仅为31%。因此设计、制备一种高性能的铁基催化剂使其在降低CO2选择性的同时提高烯烃选择性是研究重点。
不同的制备方法对Fe基催化剂表面性质影响较大,进而影响产物分布。疏水性催化剂可以使反应产生的水及时脱附并抑制其再吸附,从而减少水煤气变换反应的发生,降低CO2选择性。金属氧化物负载于载体外表面可以使反应产生的烯烃及时脱附,从而减少烯烃二次反应发生的程度,提高低碳烯烃选择性。因此,设计制备一种载体表面疏水改性的铁基催化剂,以克服上述问题并有望在调控费托合成产物分布方面发挥积极作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术之缺陷,提供了一种用于费托合成的铁基催化剂的制备方法。
本发明是这样实现的:
本发明提供一种用于费托合成的铁基催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将一定比例去离子水和无水乙醇进行混合,然后加入氨水和正硅酸乙酯进行恒温水浴搅拌,最后将溶液离心洗涤并将沉淀物干燥,得到单分散二氧化硅微球;
S2、将一定比例的单分散二氧化硅微球和醇类溶剂进行混合,然后加入一定比例氟化物进行恒温水浴搅拌,最后将溶液离心洗涤并将沉淀物干燥,得到疏水载体;
S3、将步骤S2得到的疏水载体进行超声分散的同时把铁盐和醇类溶剂混合后浸渍于疏水载体表面,浸渍完成后进行干燥;
S4、将步骤S3干燥后的疏水载体进行超声分散的同时把过渡金属或碱土金属和醇类溶剂混合后浸渍于疏水载体表面,浸渍完成后进行干燥;
S5、将步骤S4干燥后的疏水载体在规定气体氛围中进行焙烧,得到铁基催化剂。
在费托合成反应中,围绕降低CO2选择性,目前设计制备的铁基催化剂研究聚焦在疏水性催化剂,而疏水性催化剂多为包覆型催化剂,其原理是先制备出金属氧化物,然后进行包覆,最后进行疏水改性。这种催化剂虽然也有疏水性质,但是包覆结构导致了费托合成反应生成的初级产物特别是大量的烯烃难以及时脱附和扩散,容易导致烯烃二次加氢反应,选择性难以提高。本发明设计的载体表面疏水改性催化剂,首先制备出表面富含羟基的载体,然后利用改性剂进行疏水改性,最后将反应活性相负载于疏水载体外表面,其优点在于有效减少了“空间位阻”效应对反应产物分布的影响,使反应产生的CO2和低碳烯烃能够及时脱附和扩散,从而能更大程度的发挥疏水作用,达到在降低CO2生成的同时提高烯烃选择性的目标。
由于载体具有疏水性,因此金属氧化物难以均匀分散、负载于疏水性载体表面。现有的负载方法多以机械研磨法为主,即将疏水性载体与金属氧化物用研钵进行简单的机械研磨混合。这种方法虽然能够达到负载的目的,但达到理想的均匀分散存在困难,易导致金属氧化物分散不均匀,易团聚,在反应中的疏水效果不理想。此外,疏水载体导致金属盐类前驱体不易浸渍。而本发明创造性的使用了醇类溶剂将铁盐均匀浸渍于疏水载体外表面,其优点在于不仅利用了醇类溶剂良好的分散性使铁的分散更加均匀,避免了团聚现象的发生,还解决了以往疏水性载体表面与金属氧化物多用机械研磨的方法进行负载,负载方式单一的问题,实现疏水载体和活性中心的协同,大幅提高了催化性能。
进一步地,步骤S1中,去离子水和无水乙醇的比例为1:1~8,氨水和正硅酸乙酯的比例为1:0.5~5,氨水和去离子水的比例为1:1~20。
进一步地,步骤S1中,水浴温度为30~90℃,搅拌时间为8~36h,干燥温度为60~120℃,干燥时间为12~24h。
进一步地,步骤S2中,所述醇类溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丙醇、异丙醇,丁醇或异丁醇中的一种,单分散二氧化硅微球和醇类溶剂的比例为1g:10~60mL。
进一步地,步骤S2中,单分散二氧化硅微球和氟化物的比例为1g:0.1~6mL,所述氟化物为氟硅烷。
进一步地,步骤S2中,水浴温度为30~90℃,搅拌时间为1~24h,干燥温度为60~120℃,干燥时间为12~24h。
进一步地,步骤S3中,所述铁盐为六水合三氯化铁或九水合硝酸铁,疏水载体和铁盐的质量比为1:0.01~3,疏水载体和醇类溶剂的比例为1g:0.5~4mL。
进一步地,步骤S4中,所述过渡金属为Mn、Cu、Zn、Cr、Zr中的一种,所述碱土金属为Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba中的一种,所述过渡金属原子或碱土金属原子与铁原子的摩尔比为1:1~1:30。
进一步地,步骤S4中,所述醇类溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丙醇、异丙醇,丁醇或异丁醇中的一种,所述疏水载体和醇类溶剂的比例为1g:0.5~4mL。
进一步地,步骤S5中,所述焙烧气氛为氩气或氮气中的一种,气体流速为20~150mL/min,焙烧温度为300~800℃,升温速率为1~10℃/min,保持时间为2~8h。
本发明还提供通过上述方法制备得到的铁基催化剂,催化剂通式为B-XA/C-Y,其中,A代表氧化铁,X代表氧化铁与疏水载体的质量百分比,B代表过渡金属或碱土金属,C代表二氧化硅,Y代表氟化物,C-Y代表疏水载体。
将上述铁基催化剂应用于费托合成反应中,反应条件为H2/CO=1~3、280~350℃、1~3MPa、1000~10000h-1。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明的疏水性催化剂可以使反应产生的水及时脱附并抑制其再吸附,从而减少水煤气变换反应的发生,降低CO2选择性,并将金属氧化物负载于载体外表面可以使反应产生的烯烃及时脱附,从而减少烯烃二次反应发生的程度,提高低碳烯烃选择性,达到降低二氧化碳选择性的同时提高低碳烯烃选择性的效果。
2、本发明使用醇类溶剂将铁盐均匀浸渍于疏水载体外表面,不仅利用了醇类溶剂良好的分散性使铁的分散更加均匀,避免了团聚现象的发生,还解决了以往疏水性载体表面与金属氧化物多用机械研磨的方法进行负载,负载方式单一的问题,实现疏水载体和活性中心的协同,大幅提高了催化性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本发明的设计原理图;
图2为本发明实施例1中制备的铁基催化剂的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
目前费托合成制烯烃的研究主要以铁基催化剂为主,铁基催化剂由于水煤气变换反应较强,导致产物中CO2选择性较高,且烃组成受Anderson-Schulz-Flory(ASF)分布限制,初级烯烃易发生二次加氢反应,不利于烯烃的生成,如图1所示,本发明在费托合成过程中,为了降低CO2选择性和提高烯烃的选择性,将载体表面疏水改性及载体醇类溶剂浸渍相结合,设计出的载体表面疏水改性催化剂,首先制备出表面富含羟基的载体,然后利用改性剂进行疏水改性,最后将反应活性相负载于疏水载体外表面,其优点在于有效减少了“空间位阻”效应对反应产物分布的影响,使反应产生的CO2和初级烯烃能够及时脱附和扩散,从而能更大程度的发挥疏水作用,达到在降低CO2生成的同时提高烯烃选择性的目的,对于调控费托合成产物的分布有很好的效果,现通过下述具体实施例进行说明。
实施例1
本实施例中所制备的负载型疏水铁基催化剂5Fe/SiO2-PFTS的具体制备方法如下:
(1)单分散二氧化硅微球的制备方法:
将100mL去离子水和300mL无水乙醇进行混合,然后依次加入20mL氨水和20mL正硅酸乙酯,在30℃水浴中搅拌12h,转速为500r/min,然后分别用无水乙醇和去离子水进行离心洗涤,并将沉淀物100℃干燥12h,得单分散二氧化硅微球。
(2)疏水载体SiO2-PFTS的制备方法:
向1gSiO2粉末中加入30mL丙醇,然后加入0.2mL氟硅烷,将其在30℃水浴中搅拌2h后用丙醇进行离心洗涤,并将沉淀物60℃干燥12h,即得疏水载体SiO2-PFTS。
(3)含有铁盐的疏水载体的制备方法:
将0.25g九水合硝酸铁溶于1mL丙醇中超声20min取出备用,接着将1g疏水载体进行超声,此时向疏水载体中逐滴加入硝酸铁的丙醇溶液,同时不断搅拌,直至所有溶液滴加完毕,然后将其在40℃干燥6h,即得含有铁盐的疏水载体。
(4)载体表面疏水铁基催化剂5Fe/SiO2-PFTS的制备方法:
将上述干燥完成的含有铁盐的疏水载体称取1g放入管式炉中500℃进行焙烧,氮气氛围,气体流速为50mL/min,升温速率为2℃/min,保持时间为6h。即得催化剂,记为:5Fe/SiO2-PFTS。
从图2可以看出,二氧化硅微球先进行疏水改性后,再利用醇类溶剂将铁盐均匀浸渍于疏水载体外表面,使铁的分散更加均匀,避免了团聚现象的发生,还解决了以往疏水性载体表面与金属氧化物多用机械研磨的方法进行负载,负载方式单一的问题,实现疏水载体和活性中心的协同,大幅提高了催化性能,其用于费托合成的反应条件为:H2/CO=2,320℃,1.5MPa,3000h-1。
实施例2
本实施例中所制备的载体表面疏水铁基催化剂Mn-5Fe/SiO2-PFTS(Fe和Mn摩尔比为2:1)的具体制备方法如下:
(1)单分散二氧化硅微球的制备方法:
将100mL去离子水和300mL无水乙醇进行混合,然后依次加入20mL氨水和20mL正硅酸乙酯,在30℃水浴中搅拌12h,转速为500r/min,然后分别用无水乙醇和去离子水进行离心洗涤,并将沉淀物100℃干燥12h,得单分散二氧化硅微球。
(2)疏水载体SiO2-PFTS的制备方法:
向1gSiO2粉末中加入30mL丙醇,然后加入0.2mL氟硅烷,将其在30℃水浴中搅拌2h后用丙醇进行离心洗涤,并将沉淀物60℃干燥12h,即得疏水载体SiO2-PFTS。
(3)含有铁盐的疏水载体的制备方法:
将0.25g九水合硝酸铁溶于1mL丙醇中超声20min拿出备用,接着将1g疏水载体进行超声,此时向疏水载体中逐滴加入硝酸铁的丙醇溶液,同时不断搅拌,直至所有溶液滴加完毕,然后将其在40℃干燥6h,即得含有铁盐的疏水载体。
(4)含有铁盐和过渡金属的疏水载体的制备方法:
将0.06g硝酸锰溶于1mL丙醇中超声20min取出备用,接着将1g含有铁盐的疏水载体进行超声,此时向含有铁盐的疏水载体中逐滴加入含有硝酸锰的丙醇溶液,同时不停搅拌,直至所有溶液滴加完毕。然后将含有铁盐和过渡金属的疏水载体40℃干燥6h,即得含有铁盐和过渡金属的疏水载体。
(5)载体表面疏水铁基催化剂Mn-5Fe/SiO2-PFTS(Fe和Mn摩尔比为2:1)的制备方法:
将上述干燥完成的含有铁盐和过渡金属的疏水载体称取1g放入管式炉中500℃进行焙烧,氮气氛围,气体流速为50mL/min,升温速率为2℃/min,保持时间为6h。即得催化剂,记为:Mn-5Fe/SiO2-PFTS(Fe和Mg摩尔比为2:1)。其用于费托合成的反应条件:H2/CO=2,320℃,1.5MPa,3000h-1。
实施例3
本实施例中所制备的载体表面疏水铁基催化剂Mg-5Fe/SiO2-PFTS(Fe和Mg摩尔比为2:1)的具体制备方法如下:
(1)单分散二氧化硅微球的制备方法:
将100mL去离子水和300mL无水乙醇进行混合,然后依次加入20mL氨水和20mL正硅酸乙酯,在30℃水浴中搅拌12h,转速为500r/min,然后分别用无水乙醇和去离子水进行离心洗涤,并将沉淀物100℃干燥12h,得单分散二氧化硅微球。
(2)疏水载体SiO2-PFTS的制备方法:
向1gSiO2粉末中加入30mL丙醇,然后加入0.2mL氟硅烷,将其在30℃水浴中搅拌2h后用丙醇进行离心洗涤,并将沉淀物60℃干燥12h,即得疏水载体SiO2-PFTS。
(3)含有铁盐的疏水载体的制备方法:
将0.25g九水合硝酸铁溶于1mL丙醇中超声20min拿出备用,接着将1g疏水载体进行超声,此时向疏水载体中逐滴加入硝酸铁的丙醇溶液,同时不断搅拌,直至所有溶液滴加完毕,然后将其在40℃干燥6h,即得含有铁盐的疏水载体。
(4)含有铁盐和碱土金属的疏水载体的制备方法:
将0.05g硝酸镁溶于1mL丙醇中超声20min取出备用,接着将1g含有铁盐的疏水载体进行超声,此时向含有铁盐的疏水载体中逐滴加入含有硝酸镁的丙醇溶液,同时不停搅拌,直至所有溶液滴加完毕。然后将含有铁盐和过渡金属的疏水载体40℃干燥6h,即得含有铁盐和碱土金属的疏水载体。
(5)载体表面疏水铁基催化剂Mg-5Fe/SiO2-PFTS(Fe和Mg摩尔比为2:1)的制备方法:
将上述干燥完成的含有铁盐和碱土金属的疏水载体称取1g放入管式炉中500℃进行焙烧,氮气氛围,气体流速为50mL/min,升温速率为2℃/min,保持时间为6h。即得催化剂,记为:Mn-5Fe/SiO2-PFTS(Fe和Mg摩尔比为2:1)。其用于费托合成的反应条件:H2/CO=2,320℃,1.5MPa,3000h-1。
对比例
本对比例所制备的催化剂Fe2O3的具体制备方法如下:
将5g九水合硝酸铁放入管式炉中500℃进行焙烧,气体氛围为氮气氛围,气体流速为50mL/min,升温速率为2℃/min,保持时间为6h。即得对比例所设计的催化剂Fe2O3。反应条件:H2/CO=2,320℃,1.5MPa,3000h-1。
将实施例1~3及对比例所制备的催化剂应用于费托合成中,比较催化性能,结果见表1
表1催化剂在24h时的CO加氢催化性能
与对比例所制备催化剂Fe2O3相比,实施例1所制备催化剂5Fe/SiO2-PFTS在将CO2选择性由40.58%大幅降低至14.59%的同时,C2 =-C4 =选择性由14.78%提高至29.41%,并且O/P值由0.42提高至2.24。
与实施例1所制备催化剂5Fe/SiO2-PFTS相比,实施例2所制备催化剂Mn-5Fe/SiO2-PFTS(Fe和Mn摩尔比为2:1)的CO2选择性虽然由14.59%升高至20.13%,但其C2 =-C4 =选择性由29.41%提高至42.98%,并且O/P值由2.24提高至4.74。
与实施例1所制备催化剂5Fe/SiO2-PFTS相比,实施例3所制备催化剂Mg-5Fe/SiO2-PFTS(Fe和Mg摩尔比为2:1)的CO2选择性不仅由14.59%降低至10.89%,其C2 =-C4 =选择性也由29.41%提高至37.27%,并且O/P值由2.24提高至3.77。
与对比例所制备催化剂Fe2O3相比,实施例2所制备催化剂Mn-5Fe/SiO2-PFTS(Fe和Mn摩尔比为2:1)在将CO2选择性由40.58%大幅降低至20.13%的同时,C2 =-C4 =选择性由14.78%大幅提高至42.98%,并且O/P值由0.42大幅提高至4.74。
与对比例所制备催化剂Fe2O3相比,实施例3所制备催化剂Mg-5Fe/SiO2-PFTS(Fe和Mg摩尔比为2:1)在将CO2选择性由40.58%大幅降低至10.89%的同时,C2 =-C4 =选择性由14.78%大幅提高至37.27%,并且O/P值由0.42大幅提高至3.77。
由此可见,通过载体表面疏水改性、负载Fe基催化剂,在费托合成反应中可有效抑制水煤气变换反应,降低CO2选择性;相比于包覆型催化剂,载体表面疏水改性催化剂由于将活性中心暴露在载体外表面,同时有效减少了位阻效应增强二次反应导致的烯烃选择性下降问题,很好的调控了产物分布,特别是提高了C2 =-C4 =选择性。过渡金属改性进一步提高了C2 =-C4 =选择性。碱土金属改性在进一步提高C2 =-C4 =选择性的同时降低了CO2选择性。
综上所述,本发明提供的载体表面疏水改性铁基催化剂降低CO2选择性的同时,又能提升烯烃择性,对于调控费托合成产物分布、特别是指导费托合成催化剂设计具有重要意义,具有较好的实用价值。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于费托合成的铁基催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将一定比例去离子水和无水乙醇进行混合,然后加入氨水和正硅酸乙酯进行恒温水浴搅拌,最后将溶液离心洗涤并将沉淀物干燥,得到单分散二氧化硅微球;
S2、将一定比例的单分散二氧化硅微球和醇类溶剂进行混合,然后加入一定比例氟化物进行恒温水浴搅拌,最后将溶液离心洗涤并将沉淀物干燥,得到疏水载体;单分散二氧化硅微球和氟化物的比例为1g:0.1~6mL,所述氟化物为氟硅烷;
S3、将步骤S2得到的疏水载体进行超声分散的同时把铁盐和醇类溶剂混合后浸渍于疏水载体表面,浸渍完成后进行干燥;所述铁盐为六水合三氯化铁或九水合硝酸铁,疏水载体和铁盐的质量比为1:0.01~3,疏水载体和醇类溶剂的比例为1g:0.5~4mL;
S4、将步骤S3干燥后的疏水载体进行超声分散的同时把过渡金属或碱土金属和醇类溶剂混合后浸渍于疏水载体表面,浸渍完成后进行干燥;
S5、将步骤S4干燥后的疏水载体在规定气体氛围中进行焙烧,得到铁基催化剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于费托合成的铁基催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,去离子水和无水乙醇的比例为1:1~8,氨水和正硅酸乙酯的比例为1:0.5~5,氨水和去离子水的比例为1:1~20。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于费托合成的铁基催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,所述醇类溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丙醇、异丙醇,丁醇或异丁醇中的一种,单分散二氧化硅微球和醇类溶剂的比例为1g:10~60mL。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于费托合成的铁基催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S4中,所述过渡金属为Mn、Cu、Zn、Cr、Zr中的一种,所述碱土金属为Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba中的一种,所述过渡金属原子或碱土金属原子与铁原子的摩尔比为1:1~1:30。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于费托合成的铁基催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S4中,所述醇类溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丙醇、异丙醇,丁醇或异丁醇中的一种,所述疏水载体和醇类溶剂的比例为1g:0.5~4mL。
6.如权利要求1所述的用于费托合成的铁基催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S5中,所述焙烧气氛为氩气或氮气中的一种,气体流速为20~150mL/min,焙烧温度为300~800℃,升温速率为1~10℃/min,保持时间为2~8h。
7.通过权利要求1~6任一所述制备方法制备得到的用于费托合成的铁基催化剂,其特征在于:所述铁基催化剂的通式为B-XA/C-Y,其中,A代表氧化铁,X代表氧化铁与疏水载体的质量百分比,B代表过渡金属或碱土金属,C代表二氧化硅,Y代表氟化物,C-Y代表疏水载体。
8.权利要求7所述用于费托合成的铁基催化剂在费托合成中的应用,其特征在于:费托合成的反应条件为H2/CO=1~3、280~350℃、1~3MPa、1000~10000h-1。
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