CN116097990A - Tea seedling breeding method - Google Patents
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention provides a tea seedling breeding method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) Reserving a parent spike branch on an old tea tree, cutting off the parent tree branch, and obtaining a root seedling from each leaf; (2) selecting a field with the groundwater level lower than 40cm, and ditching around the field; after the fields are disinfected, land preparation is started, 140-160 kg of organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer per mu, the width of a seedbed is initially prepared to be 110-130 cm, water is not accumulated flatly, the ditch depth is 14-16 cm, loess with the thickness of 5-7 cm is paved on the seedbed, the fields are loosened, the fields are leveled again, lines are divided, and cutting is carried out according to the spacing between seedlings of the same lines of 5-10 cm; (3) Watering after cutting, covering a shading net, cutting for the next day Shi Shajun agents, wherein the bactericide is pyraclostrobin suspending agent with the active ingredient content of 25%, and diluting the pyraclostrobin suspending agent by 1000-3000 times for spraying; applying 9.5-10.5 kg of organic fertilizer per mu and 2-3 kg of urea per mu in 8 months after cutting; and 4.5-5.5 kg of urea is applied for each mu in 11 months, and seedlings are taken out of the nursery after 1 year of cuttage. The tea seedling breeding method increases the seedling yield per mu and improves the seedling height.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tea seedling cultivation, in particular to a tea seedling breeding method.
Background
The tea seedlings are generally selected to be subjected to cuttage breeding in autumn or in the early winter, the quality of cutting slips is best in the period, the wound healing of the cutting slips is facilitated under the weather condition, the growth time of the seedlings is long, the quality of the seedlings is good, and therefore the cultivation survival rate of the tea seedlings can be improved. The famous tea bred by cutting has the varieties of 'golden tea No. ",' Castanopsis Sclerophylla No." She Ji ", and the like, but the tea seedlings are still in short supply nationally. The tea seedling breeding method comprises the steps of selecting a nursery garden, leveling a field, spreading loess, cutting tea seedlings, managing water and fertilizer and the like, wherein the tea seedling breeding usually needs 1 year, the weather changes in spring, summer, autumn and winter, the growth of the tea seedlings is easily influenced, the survival rate is reduced, the improvement of the yield of the seedlings is not facilitated, and the seedling height is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a tea seedling breeding method, which increases the mu seedling yield and the seedling height, can be applied to the breeding of tea seedlings such as 'golden tea No. one', 'golden tea No. two', 'golden tea No. eight',
can greatly improve the planting scale of the golden tea variety.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a tea seedling breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Reserving a parent spike branch on an old tea tree, cutting off the parent tree branch, and obtaining a root seedling from each leaf;
(2) Selecting a field with the groundwater level lower than 40cm, and ditching around the field; after the fields are disinfected, land preparation is started, 140-160 kg of organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer per mu, the width of a seedbed is initially prepared to be 110-130 cm, water is not accumulated flatly, the ditch depth is 14-16 cm, loess with the thickness of 5-7 cm is paved on the seedbed, the fields are loosened, the fields are leveled again, lines are divided, and cutting is carried out according to the spacing between seedlings of the same lines of 5-10 cm;
(3) Watering after cutting, covering a shading net, cutting for the next day Shi Shajun, wherein the bactericide is pyraclostrobin suspending agent with the active ingredient content of 25%, and diluting 1000-3000 times of liquid for spraying; applying 9.5-10.5 kg of organic fertilizer per mu and 2-3 kg of urea per mu in 8 months after cutting; and 4.5-5.5 kg of urea is applied for each mu in 11 months, and seedlings are taken out of the nursery after 1 year of cuttage.
The further technical proposal is that in the step (2), the ditch depth of ditching around the field is 35-45 cm, and the ditch width is 25-35 cm.
In the further technical scheme, in the step (2), the quicklime powder is used for disinfecting the field for 3 months.
The further technical proposal is that in the step (2), the cutting time is 9-10 months in autumn.
The further technical scheme is that in the step (2), the composite plant medicament is used for soaking for 2-3 hours before cutting, the composite plant medicament is prepared from the cryptomeria fortunei stem leaves, reed leaves and azalea leaves through water extraction, and the active ingredients of the composite plant extract can effectively promote rooting and breeding of tea seedlings, improve the survival rate, further increase the mu seedling yield, promote the growth of the mu seedlings and improve the seedling height.
The preparation method of the composite plant medicament comprises the following steps of: taking the stem and leaf of the cryptomeria fortunei, reed leaves and azalea leaves according to the proportion of 2-3: 4 to 6: crushing 0.3-0.5, sieving with a 80-100 mesh sieve, and placing in water at 50-60 ℃ with a feed liquid ratio of 1: leaching for 4.5-5.5 h, collecting leaching liquor, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the composite plant medicament.
The further technical proposal is that the shading rate of the shading net is 80-90 percent.
The tea seedling breeding method is not only suitable for breeding the golden tea No. eight tea seedlings, but also suitable for breeding the golden tea No. one and golden tea No. two tea seedlings.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) By adopting the tea seedling breeding method, nursery, cuttage and fertilization management are selected, the breeding method is optimized in all directions, growth is promoted, the anti-stress capability to weather changes is improved, the survival rate is improved, the seedling yield per mu is effectively increased, the seedling height is improved, more than 15 ten thousand seedlings can be harvested per mu of land, and the seedling height is more than 50 cm.
(2) The invention provides a tea seedling breeding method, which can increase the seedling yield per mu and improve the seedling height, is applied to the breeding of tea seedlings such as 'golden tea No. one', 'golden tea No. two', 'golden tea No. eight', and the like, and can greatly improve the planting scale of golden tea varieties and increase the economic benefit.
(2) Before cutting, the composite plant medicament extracted from the cryptomeria fortunei stems and leaves, reed leaves and azalea leaves is used for soaking, so that rooting and breeding of tea seedlings are effectively promoted, the survival rate is further improved, the mu seedling yield is further improved, the growth of the seedlings is promoted, and the seedling height is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a field of tea seedlings prepared according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a tea seedling of the present invention after cutting;
FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are photographs of the growth conditions of the tea seedlings of the invention;
figure 5 is a close-up photograph of the growth of a tea seedling of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, the following provides specific examples to further illustrate the present invention.
The experimental methods used in the embodiment of the invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents, and the like used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 tea seedling propagation method
(1) Reserving a mother spike branch on the old tea tree of the golden eighth variety, cutting off the branch on the mother tree, and obtaining a root seedling from each leaf;
(2) The method has the advantages that the traffic is convenient, the water source is sufficient, the energy and irrigation can be discharged, the underground water level is lower than a field with the depth of 40cm, ditches are formed around the field, the ditch depth is 40cm, and the ditch width is 30cm; sterilizing the field by using quicklime powder for 3 months, after sterilizing, preparing land, taking 150kg of fibrate board organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer per mu, primarily preparing seedling bed width to be 120cm, leveling without ponding, keeping ditch depth between seedling beds to be 15cm, spreading loess with 6cm thickness on the seedling beds, loosening soil, leveling the field, dividing lines, cutting 12 lines per meter according to seedling spacing of 10 cm in the same line, and cutting for 9 months in autumn;
cutting standard: one ear of grain is saved; if the branches with shorter internodes are separated from each other, the branches are separated from each other by two sections, and only the upper leaves are left, so that the smoothness and burr-free cut are ensured.
The cutting method comprises the following steps: the thumb and the index finger or the thumb and the middle finger grasp the top of the ear, the leaf surface faces the palm of the hand, and the leaf surface is vertically inserted into soil, and the clay is compacted until the petiole base contacts the ground.
(3) Watering after cutting, covering a shading net, wherein the shading rate is 85%, and the shading is specifically operated: the bamboo arch is inserted into one bamboo arch every 1 meter to form a tortoise-shaped shade shed, the shade net is used for covering, and the periphery is tied firmly;
and water is sprayed once in two days in a cloudy day, so that soil is moist, and the surrounding ditches are cleaned in time, thereby facilitating drainage. The next day Shi Shajun of cuttage, wherein the bactericide is pyraclostrobin suspending agent with the content of active ingredients of 25 percent, and the bactericide is sprayed in 2000 times of diluted liquid; applying 10kg of organic fertilizer per mu of land 5 months after cutting, applying 2.5kg of urea per mu of land, and broadcasting in rainy days; 8 months after cutting, applying 5kg of urea per mu, and sprinkling and then pouring water once; and (5) taking out seedlings and taking out from nursery after cutting for 1 year.
Example 2 tea seedling propagation method
(1) Reserving a mother spike branch on the old tea tree of the golden eighth variety, cutting off the branch on the mother tree, and obtaining a root seedling from each leaf;
(2) The method has the advantages that the traffic is convenient, the water source is sufficient, the energy and irrigation can be discharged, the underground water level is lower than a field with the depth of 40cm, ditches are formed around the field, the ditch depth is 40cm, and the ditch width is 30cm; sterilizing the field by using quicklime powder for 3 months, after sterilizing, preparing land, taking 150kg of fibrate board organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer per mu, primarily preparing seedling bed width to be 120cm, leveling without ponding, keeping ditch depth between seedling beds to be 15cm, spreading loess with 6cm thickness on the seedling beds, loosening soil, leveling the field, dividing lines, cutting 12 lines per meter according to seedling spacing of 10 cm in the same line, and cutting for 9 months in autumn;
cutting standard: one ear of grain is saved; if the branches with shorter internodes are separated from each other, the branches are separated from each other by two sections, and only the upper leaves are left, so that the smoothness and burr-free cut are ensured.
The cutting method comprises the following steps: the thumb and the index finger or the thumb and the middle finger grasp the top of the ear, the leaf surface faces the palm of the hand, the leaf surface is vertically inserted into the soil, and the soil is compacted until the petiole base contacts the ground;
soaking for 2.5 hours before cutting by using a composite plant medicament, wherein the composite plant medicament is prepared from cryptomeria fortunei stems and leaves, reed leaves and azalea leaves according to the following ratio of 2.5:5:0.4 is crushed and sieved by a 80-mesh sieve, and is placed in water at 55 ℃ with the feed-liquid ratio of 1:25, leaching for 5 hours, collecting leaching liquor, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the product;
(3) Watering after cutting, covering a shading net, wherein the shading rate is 85%, and the shading is specifically operated: the bamboo arch is inserted into one bamboo arch every 1 meter to form a tortoise-shaped shade shed, the shade net is used for covering, and the periphery is tied firmly;
and water is sprayed once in two days in a cloudy day, so that soil is moist, and the surrounding ditches are cleaned in time, thereby facilitating drainage. The next day Shi Shajun of cuttage, wherein the bactericide is pyraclostrobin suspending agent with the content of active ingredients of 25 percent, and the bactericide is sprayed in 2000 times of diluted liquid; applying 10kg of organic fertilizer per mu of land 5 months after cutting, applying 2.5kg of urea per mu of land, and broadcasting in rainy days; 8 months after cutting, applying 5kg of urea per mu, and sprinkling and then pouring water once; and (5) taking out seedlings and taking out from nursery after cutting for 1 year.
In 2021, in the Longhui county tea seedling breeding base of Hunan province, gold eight variety tea seedlings are bred according to examples 1-2 respectively, 2 mu are planted respectively, the number of out-nursery seedlings of each group of gold eight variety tea seedlings is recorded, the out-nursery rate is counted, and the average seedling height is recorded, and the results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 tea seedling propagation out-garden harvesting conditions
| Group of | Mu harvesting amount/ten thousand plants | Average seedling height |
| Example 1 | 15.3 | About 50cm |
| Example 2 | 16.8 | About 60cm |
The statistical result shows that by adopting the tea seedling breeding method of the embodiment 1, more than 15 ten thousand seedlings can be harvested in one mu of land, and the seedling height is more than 50 cm. By adopting the tea seedling breeding method, nursery, cuttage and fertilization management are selected, the breeding method is optimized in all directions, growth is promoted, the anti-stress capability to weather changes is improved, the survival rate is improved, the mu harvesting amount is effectively increased, and meanwhile, the seedling height is improved.
The adoption of the tea seedling breeding method of the embodiment 2 of the invention, which is characterized in that the composite plant medicament extracted from the stems and leaves of the cedar, the reed leaves and the azalea leaves is used for soaking before cutting, shows that the adoption of the composite plant medicament of the invention effectively promotes rooting breeding of tea seedlings, improves the survival rate, further improves the mu yield (about 10 percent of yield increase), promotes the growth of the mu, increases the mu yield, and improves the seedling height (about 20 percent of increase).
In addition, the breeding method is respectively applied to breeding of tea seedlings of the varieties of 'golden tea No. one' and 'golden tea No. two', and also increases the mu harvesting amount and improves the seedling height.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The tea seedling breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Reserving a parent spike branch on an old tea tree, cutting off the parent tree branch, and obtaining a root seedling from each leaf;
(2) Selecting a field with the groundwater level lower than 40cm, and ditching around the field; after the fields are disinfected, land preparation is started, 140-160 kg of organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer per mu, the width of a seedbed is initially prepared to be 110-130 cm, water is not accumulated flatly, the ditch depth is 14-16 cm, loess with the thickness of 5-7 cm is paved on the seedbed, the fields are loosened, the fields are leveled again, lines are divided, and cutting is carried out according to the spacing between seedlings of the same lines of 5-10 cm;
(3) Watering after cutting, covering a shading net, cutting for the next day Shi Shajun, wherein the bactericide is pyraclostrobin suspending agent with the active ingredient content of 25%, and diluting 1000-3000 times of liquid for spraying; applying 9.5-10.5 kg of organic fertilizer per mu and 2-3 kg of urea per mu in 8 months after cutting; and 4.5-5.5 kg of urea is applied for each mu in 11 months, and seedlings are taken out of the nursery after 1 year of cuttage.
2. The method for breeding tea seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the trench depth of the trench formed around the field is 35-45 cm and the trench width is 25-35 cm.
3. The tea seedling propagation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the field is sterilized with quicklime powder for 3 months.
4. The method for breeding tea seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the cutting time is 9-10 months in autumn.
5. The method of raising tea seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), a composite plant chemical is used for soaking for 2 to 3 hours before cutting, said composite plant chemical is prepared by extracting the stems and leaves of cedar, reed leaves and azalea leaves with water.
6. The tea seedling propagation method according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the composite plant medicament comprises the following steps: taking the stem and leaf of the cryptomeria fortunei, reed leaves and azalea leaves according to the proportion of 2-3: 4 to 6: crushing 0.3-0.5, sieving with a 80-100 mesh sieve, and placing in water at 50-60 ℃ with a feed liquid ratio of 1: leaching for 4.5-5.5 h, collecting leaching liquor, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the composite plant medicament.
7. A tea seedling propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the shading rate of the shading net is 80% -90%.
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