CN115819243B - 一种4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- MMNKVWGVSHRIJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4'-hydroxy-3'-nitroacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 MMNKVWGVSHRIJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- TXFPEBPIARQUIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4'-hydroxyacetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 TXFPEBPIARQUIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical group OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000802 nitrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromocopper(1+) Chemical compound Br[Cu+] ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- LZJJVTQGPPWQFS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;propanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O LZJJVTQGPPWQFS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium nitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002024 ethyl acetate extract Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- VOVIALXJUBGFJZ-KWVAZRHASA-N Budesonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(CCC)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O VOVIALXJUBGFJZ-KWVAZRHASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006545 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021595 Copper(I) iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu] NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YNKVVRHAQCDJQM-UHFFFAOYSA-P diazanium dinitrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YNKVVRHAQCDJQM-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种4‑羟基‑3‑硝基苯乙酮的合成方法,以对羟基苯乙酮为原料,加入硝化剂,铜盐催化剂,在有机酸水溶液的存在下,于60‑120℃下反应,经后处理得到4‑羟基‑3‑硝基苯乙酮,所述的硝化剂是硝酸铵或硝酸胺盐或在反应体系中原位生成的硝酸铵或硝酸胺盐。该方法反应条件温和,操作简单,三废少,收率高,适合工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药化工领域,涉及一种4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮的制备方法。
背景技术
4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮是一种重要的有机化工中间体,在医药和农药领域都有涉及。如专利WO 2009/037296中报道的治疗抗精神病、治疗精神分裂症相关的认知障碍和阿尔茨海默氏病的一类药物--毒蕈碱M1受体激动剂,以及治疗支气管哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的药物—布地奈德福莫特罗(医学研究杂志,2017,46(06):183-185)。专利WO 94/14751中报道的以4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮为原料合成4-(4-羟基-3-硝基苯基)-4-氧代-(2E)/(2Z)-丁烯酸,以及它与法莫替丁形成的盐具有药理活性,可显著的抑制胃酸分泌和保护胃细胞的活性,也可用于预防和/或治愈食管、胃和十二指肠的各种溃疡性疾病。
4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮的制备,最简便的途径为以廉价易得的4-羟基苯乙酮经硝化反应而得,文献上报道的硝化方法大体分为硝酸直接硝化法和硝化剂间接硝化法。直接硝化法如文献(Proceeding of the Chemical Society,London,1913,28,331-2.)采用硝酸/硫酸混酸硝化;又如(US 2561190A;中国医药工业杂志,2005,36(1),11-12)采用发烟硝酸/乙酸硝化,目前工业上主要采用这一方法。该类方法工业上存在着飞温难以控制、多硝化和氧化副产物较多且难以分离、废液污染严重等弊端。后法采用非硝酸的硝化剂,如文献(Synthetic communications,1998.28(15),2773-2781)采用Cr(NO3)3·2N2O4或Fe(NO3)3·1.5N2O4进行硝化;文献(Tetrahedron,1989,45(5),1415-1422)采用Cr(NO3)3·9H2O或Fe(NO3)3·9H2O来硝化;文献(Iranian journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,1997,16(2),48-58)以Cr(NO3)3·9H2O或Cu(NO3)2·3H2O进行反应,该类方法虽说增加了单硝化反应的选择性和反应过程的安全性,但也存在着硝化试剂昂贵、成本高、后处理三废负担重等缺点,这些限制了其在工业上的应用。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在在于提供一种操作简便安全,三废少,成本低的4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮的制备方法。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:
为实现发明目的,本发明采取如下的技术方案:
一种4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮的制备方法,以对羟基苯乙酮为原料,加入硝化剂,铜盐催化剂,在有机酸水溶液的存在下,于60-120℃下反应,经后处理得到4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮,所述的硝化剂是硝酸铵或硝酸胺盐或在反应体系中原位生成的硝酸铵或硝酸胺盐。
反应式为:
进一步地,所述后处理为反应完毕后,反应物冷却,浓缩,回收溶剂,残余物加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,萃取液合并、浓缩溶剂得4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮,萃取后的水层调Ph=7-8,过滤,回收氢氧化铜,用于催化剂循环使用。
进一步地,所述铜盐催化剂为二价铜盐,选自氢氧化铜、乙酸铜、丙酸铜、氯化铜、硫酸铜、溴化铜、碘化铜等。也可以是一价铜盐,如氯化亚铜、碘化亚铜、溴化亚铜等,这些一价的铜盐会在反应条件下生成二价铜盐而起作用。
进一步地,所述有机酸水溶液选自甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸或异丁酸水溶液,优选有机酸水溶液为乙酸水溶液,其体积百分比浓度为20-90%。
进一步地,所述对羟基苯乙酮与硝酸铵或硝酸胺盐的摩尔比为1:1.1-1.3。
进一步地,选用乙酸水溶液时,氢氧化铜或乙酸铜做催化剂以尽量避免加入新的阴离子或新的盐,所使用的量为底物摩尔量的1-10%,优选5%。
更具体地,本发明关于一种4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮的制备方法,采取如下的技术方案:
一种4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮的制备方法,对羟基苯乙酮为原料,硝酸铵为催化剂,氢氧化铜或乙酸铜催化剂,在乙酸水溶液的存在下,于60-120℃下反应,反应结束后,冷却至室温,母液用氢氧化钠溶液调Ph=7-8,过滤,滤饼干燥得到氢氧化铜,滤液浓缩走大部分溶液,残留物加水,用乙酸乙酯提取,提取液用无水硫酸镁干燥后,浓缩得4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮。
本发明中,被提取产品后的水层,经氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液调Ph=7-8后,二价铜离子以氢氧化铜的形式析出,经过滤、洗涤后也可用于下一轮的反应催化。其原理为氢氧化铜在反应体系的酸性介质中发生中和反应生成+2价铜离子而起催化作用。二价铜离子的可循环利用既降低了经济成本,也避免了本工艺所使用的重金属铜所带来的污染。
另发明人在试验中发现,该反应仅以水作溶剂基本无反应,光以有机酸作溶剂反应速度较慢,后者可能源于硝化剂硝酸铵在乙酸中溶解度不大的缘故。往里加一定的水可以加快反应时间,这其中的原因可能是适当的加水可以增大体系中硝酸铵的溶解度以促进反应。
反应温度可以是60-120℃,温度低、反应慢,体系升高温度也取决于溶剂及是否密闭加压。如选用乙酸做溶剂,优选温度为80-100℃。
现有工艺仅以硝酸硝化,产率低且在反应废液中含有较高的多硝基化合物,生成的副产物较多,后处理繁琐,而本发明采用的硝酸铵硝化性能较好,在优化的工艺中收率可达90%以上。硝酸铵的加入可以是一次性加入体系中,也可采用将其溶于水滴加进反应器中。硝酸铵的过量是必要的,在反应过程中有些分解成NO放出,后者见空气中生成红棕色NO2,这意味着投入的硝酸铵在体系中电离生成硝酸,后者在高浓度下有一部分分解为NO。这些废气可在工业装置上经过喷淋的补充空气的尿素液将其转变为无害气体。
附图说明
图1是4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮的氢谱图谱。
具体实施方式
实例1
100ml三口烧瓶中加入(1.0g,7.4mmol)对羟基苯乙酮,体积百分比浓度为80%的乙酸水溶液(15ml),一水合醋酸酮(0.074g,0.37mmol),硝酸铵(0.65g,8.1mmol),搅拌下升温至100℃,反应24小时。冷却至室温,反应液浓缩走大部分溶液,残留物加入50ml水,以乙酸乙酯提取四次(4x20ml),合并乙酸乙酯提取液,加无水硫酸镁干燥后,浓缩,得4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮,1.25g,收率93.1%。提取的水层用10%氢氧化钠溶液调Ph=7-8,过滤、洗涤、干燥的氢氧化铜。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ10.95(s,1H),8.76(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),8.25(dd,J=8.8,2.2Hz,1H),7.27(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),2.66(s,3H).
实例2
100ml三口烧瓶中加入(1.0g,7.4mmol)对羟基苯乙酮,体积百分比浓度为80%乙酸水溶液(15ml),氢氧化铜(0.036g,0.37mmol)(实例1所得氢氧化铜),硝酸铵(0.65g,8.1mmol),搅拌下升温至100℃,反应24小时。冷却至室温,母液浓缩走大部分溶液,残留物加入50ml水,以乙酸乙酯提取四次(4x20ml),合并乙酸乙酯提取液,加无水硫酸镁干燥后,浓缩,得4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮,1.18g,收率88.0%。
实例3
100ml三口烧瓶中加入(1.0g,7.4mmol)对羟基苯乙酮,一水合醋酸酮(0.074g,0.37mmol),搅拌下升温至100℃,滴加硝酸铵(0.65g,8.1mmol)溶于3ml水配成的溶液,反应24小时。冷却至室温,抽滤,母液浓缩走大部分溶液,残留物加入50ml水,以乙酸乙酯提取四次(4x20ml),合并乙酸乙酯提取液,加无水硫酸镁干燥后,浓缩,得4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮,1.23g,收率91.5%。
实例4
100ml三口烧瓶中加入(1.0g,7.4mmol)对羟基苯乙酮,体积百分比浓度为80%乙酸水溶液(15ml),一水合醋酸酮(0.074g,0.37mmol),室温搅拌下,先滴加27%氨水(1.0g,8.1mmol),后滴加65%浓硝酸(0.8g,8.1mmol),搅拌下升温至100℃,反应24小时。冷却至室温,抽滤,母液浓缩走大部分溶液,残留物加入50ml水,以乙酸乙酯提取四次(4x20ml),合并乙酸乙酯提取液,加无水硫酸镁干燥后,浓缩,得4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮,1.14g,收率85.3%。
对比实验
100ml三口烧瓶中加入(1.0g,7.4mmol)对羟基苯乙酮,80%乙酸水溶液(15ml),硝酸铵(0.65g,8.1mmol),搅拌下升温至100℃,反应24小时。冷却至室温,抽滤,母液浓缩走大部分溶液,残留物加入50ml水,以乙酸乙酯提取四次(4x20ml),合并乙酸乙酯提取液,加无水硫酸镁干燥后,浓缩,进行硅胶柱层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1)4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮,0.54g,收率40.0%。
以上所述仅为本发明较优实施例,并不用以限制本发明。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮的制备方法,其特征在于,以对羟基苯乙酮为原料,加入硝化剂,铜盐催化剂,在有机酸水溶液的存在下,于60-120℃下反应,经后处理得到4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮,所述的硝化剂是硝酸铵或在反应体系中原位生成的硝酸铵;所述后处理为反应完毕后,反应物冷却,浓缩,回收溶剂,残余物加水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,萃取液合并、浓缩溶剂得4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮,萃取后的水层调pH=7-8, 过滤,回收氢氧化铜;
所述铜盐催化剂选自氢氧化铜、乙酸铜、丙酸铜、氯化铜、硫酸铜、溴化铜、碘化铜;
所述有机酸水溶液选自甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸或异丁酸水溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铜盐催化剂为氢氧化铜或乙酸铜,其投入量为底物摩尔量的1-10%,有机酸水溶液为乙酸水溶液,其体积百分比浓度为20-90%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铜盐催化剂为氢氧化铜或乙酸铜,其投入量为底物摩尔量的5%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮的制备方法,其特征在于,所述对羟基苯乙酮与硝酸铵的摩尔比为 1:1.1-1.3。
5.一种4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮的制备方法,其特征在于,对羟基苯乙酮为原料,硝酸铵为硝化剂,氢氧化铜或乙酸铜催化剂,在乙酸水溶液的存在下,于60-120℃下反应,反应结束后,冷却至室温,母液用氢氧化钠溶液调pH=7-8,过滤,滤饼干燥得到氢氧化铜,滤液浓缩走大部分溶液,残留物加水,用乙酸乙酯提取,提取液用无水硫酸镁干燥后,浓缩得4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酮。
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