CN115812550A - Method for improving saponin content in panax notoginseng medicinal material - Google Patents
Method for improving saponin content in panax notoginseng medicinal material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the content of saponin in a panax notoginseng medicinal material, belonging to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation; before pseudo-ginseng is planted, the accumulation of saponin in pseudo-ginseng is promoted by applying dazomet in soil; the total saponin content of the three-year-old panax notoginseng taproots planted by the method is 11.44% -24.8% higher than that of the panax notoginseng roots which are not used, and 7.9% -20.84% higher than that of the panax notoginseng roots sold in the market; the method for improving the content of the saponin in the panax notoginseng medicinal material by treating the panax notoginseng planting soil by using the dazomet is simple, does not have harm to people in the operation process, ensures the safety of the panax notoginseng medicinal material, and can promote the improvement of the yield of the panax notoginseng.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a method capable of obviously improving the content of saponin in a panax notoginseng medicinal material, belonging to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation.
Background
Notoginseng, also known as Tianqi, shenqi, etc., is prepared from (A) of AraliaceaeAraliaceae) Ginseng of the genus (Panax) Perennial herbs are mainly used as medicines with their dry root tubers. Notoginseng radix has effects of removing blood stasis, stopping bleeding, relieving swelling and relieving pain, and can be used for treating hemoptysis, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, metrorrhagia, traumatic hemorrhage, thoracico-abdominal pain, and traumatic injury with swelling and pain. The main substance of the pseudo-ginseng, which plays the above role, is saponin, is a triterpenoid secondary metabolite, and is an important index for evaluating the quality of the pseudo-ginseng. Therefore, the continuous improvement of the saponin content in the panax notoginseng medicinal material is the main target of panax notoginseng production.
Currently, pseudo-ginseng is mainly obtained by an artificial cultivation mode, but continuous cropping obstacles of pseudo-ginseng are serious and are susceptible to various diseases, and the occurrence of the diseases can not only reduce the synthesis of saponin, but also cause phytotoxicity by pesticide application caused by the diseases, thereby reducing the synthesis amount of the saponin. Therefore, the diseases of the panax notoginseng are reduced, the normal growth and development are maintained, and the secondary metabolism of the saponin is important for ensuring that the saponin content of the panax notoginseng medicine meets the requirements of relevant laws and regulations. In production, scientific nutrient element supply is carried out on the pseudo-ginseng, so that the effective mode for improving the saponin content of the pseudo-ginseng is realized. In addition, the panax notoginseng is scientifically protected by plants, and is maintained in a healthy state, so that the secondary metabolic activity of the saponin is stable, and the method is also an effective way for promoting the accumulation of the saponin.
The dazomet is a chemical particle preparation for soil disinfection, can produce methyl isothiocyanate in soil, can kill nematode, underground pests, fungi and bacteria in soil, has no residue in soil, and belongs to low-toxicity, high-efficiency and safe pesticide sterilization and insecticide. The method has the advantages that the panax notoginseng planting soil is fumigated by the dazomet, the occurrence of panax notoginseng diseases is inhibited, the application of pesticides is reduced, the nutrient content of the soil is improved, and the secondary metabolism of saponin is promoted, so that the improvement of the saponin content in the panax notoginseng medicinal material is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for remarkably promoting accumulation of panax notoginseng saponins in panax notoginseng medicinal materials, which is characterized in that dazomet is applied to panax notoginseng planting soil, and accumulation of panax notoginseng saponins in the panax notoginseng medicinal materials is promoted in a mode of reducing diseases, reducing pesticide application, improving soil nutrient content and promoting secondary metabolism.
The method of the invention is specifically operated as follows: before planting pseudo-ginseng, 525-675 kg. Hm is applied -2 Uniformly mixing the dazomet with soil, turning over to a depth of 25-40cm, immediately covering an airtight and undamaged mulching film after uniformly mixing, ditching and pressing edges (pressing soil on the inner side) at the boundary, sealing well without leaving gaps, uncovering the mulching film after covering for 15-35 days, planting pseudo-ginseng after uncovering the mulching film for more than 15 days, and then managing and planting the pseudo-ginseng according to a conventional management mode.
The method achieves the purpose of obviously improving the saponin content in the panax notoginseng medicinal material by applying dazomet to the panax notoginseng planting soil, reduces the morbidity of the panax notoginseng and the using amount of pesticides, and improves the biomass of the root of the panax notoginseng; experiments prove that the content of the panax notoginseng saponins in the panax notoginseng medicinal material is 11.44 to 24.8 percent higher than that of unused panax notoginseng medicinal material and 7.9 to 20.84 percent higher than that of the panax notoginseng medicinal material sold in the market; the method is simple, efficient and convenient to implement, can remarkably promote the accumulation of the total saponins in the panax notoginseng medicinal material after one-time application, and is suitable for popularization and application in agricultural production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of dazomet application on the content of 5 saponins in 3-year-old Panax notoginseng;
FIG. 2 shows the effect of dazomet administration on the expression of genes related to notoginsenoside metabolism in 3-year-old Panax notoginseng radix, wherein a is related to genes related to Mevalonate synthesis pathway; panel b is MEP pathway-associated genes; panel c is other genes;
FIG. 3 shows the effect of dazomet administration on biomass of 3-year-old Panax notoginseng;
FIG. 4 shows the effect of dazomet application on the N, P and K content in the taproot, snips, leaves, stems and fibrous roots of 3-year old Panax notoginseng;
FIG. 5 shows the effect of dazomet application on the survival rate of 3-year-old Panax notoginseng;
FIG. 6 shows the effect of dazomet application on the application amount of 3-year-old Panax notoginseng pesticides;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of dazomet application on growth-promoting microorganisms in soil.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples, without limiting the scope of the invention. In the examples, the methods were carried out in the usual manner unless otherwise specified, and all the reagents used were either conventional commercially available reagents or reagents prepared by the usual methods, the percentages in the methods being given by mass.
Example 1: the method for remarkably promoting the accumulation of the saponin in the panax notoginseng medicinal material comprises the following steps:
deeply turning over the soil by about 35cm, crushing the soil to be flat, making the soil as fine and uniform as possible, adjusting the humidity of the soil to be kept between 50 and 70 percent, kneading the soil into clusters by hand, dropping and scattering the clusters at a high position, and uniformly scattering the dazomet on the surface of the soil with the dosage of 0 kg. Hm -2 、525 kg·hm -2 、600 kg·hm -2 And 675 kg. Hm -2 After the application, the soil is deeply turned for about 30cm, the soil and the dazomet are uniformly mixed, an airtight and undamaged mulching film is immediately covered, and the edge of the mulching film is sealed by a ditching and edge pressing method (inside soil pressing) without leaving a gap; and (3) removing the film after the film is covered for 20 days, performing soil preparation and transplanting the pseudo-ginseng after the soil is exposed for 16 days, and then planting the pseudo-ginseng according to the conventional management mode of the pseudo-ginseng.
Example 2: example 1 determination of the content of 5 saponins in Panax notoginseng root
2 years after planting the pseudo-ginseng, digging out 3-year-old pseudo-ginseng roots, and measuring the saponin content in the main roots; measuring commercially available Notoginseng radix, 0 kg. Hm -2 、525 kg·hm -2 、600 kg·hm -2 And 675 kg. Hm -2 Notoginseng radix saponin R in Notoginseng radix main root treated with dazomet 1 Ginsenoside Rg 1 Ginsenoside Rd and ginsenoside Rb 1 And ginsenoside Re5, the results were 12.91%, 12.5%, 13.93%, 15.6% and 13.96%, respectively, which were compared to the total of the amounts of ginsenoside Re5 and ginsenoside Re 2 without treatment with dazomet (0 kg. Hm) -2 ) The pseudo-ginseng is 11.44%, 24.8% and 11.68% higher than that of the commercial pseudo-ginseng (randomly purchased in the market), 7.9%, 20.84% and 8.13% (figure 1), which shows that the pseudo-ginseng planting soil can be obviously improved after the dazomet is applied to the pseudo-ginseng planting soilThe content of saponin in the panax notoginseng medicinal material.
Example 3: example 1 relative expression amounts of genes involved in the Synthesis of Saponin in Panax notoginseng root
During the harvesting period, the Notoginseng radix is dug out, the relative expression level of saponin synthesis related gene in Notoginseng radix main root in each treatment group in example 1 is determined, and the concentration of dazomet applied is 0kg hm -2 、525kg·hm -2 、600kg·hm -2 And 675kg hm -2 Panax notoginseng saponins Mevalonate synthetic pathway related gene under conditionACAT、HMCAS、HMCAR、MVK、PMK、MDD、IDIMEP pathway-related genesispD、ispE、ispF、ispGAnd other related genesGGPS、SS、SE、DS、CASThe equal relative expression quantity is determined by qRT-PCR, and the gene amplification primers are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
The results are shown in FIG. 2, and show that the relative expression amounts of the genes related to saponin synthesis in the dazomet-treated group are all significantly higher than 0 kg. Hm -2 Of the treatment group; the application of dazomet can obviously up-regulate the expression of saponin synthesis related gene in the notoginseng main root.
Example 4: example 1 underground part yield of Panax notoginseng
In the harvesting period, the underground part of the notoginseng treated in example 1 is dug, soil is cleaned, tap water is used for cleaning residual soil, the surface water is dried in the air, the yield of the notoginseng is measured, and the application concentration of the dazomet is 0 kg. Hm -2 、525 kg·hm -2 、600 kg·hm -2 And 675 kg. Hm -2 The underground yield and the dry weight of the pseudo-ginseng under the condition are 3041, 4497, 4520 and 4476 kg. Hm -2 Comparison of the application of dazomet to 0 kg. Hm -2 The treatment groups are 47.88%, 48.64% and 47.19% higher respectively (fig. 3), which shows that the application of dazomet can promote the increase of the yield of the panax notoginseng medicine.
Example 5: example 1 Total N, P and K content of each part of Panax notoginseng
And (3) harvesting the whole panax notoginseng treated in the example 1 in a harvesting period, and measuring the content of N, P and K in all parts. Treatment of different concentrations of dazometThen, the contents of N, P and K in the radix Notoginseng are respectively 0 kg. Hm -2 1.43-1.84, 1.42-1.62 and 1.35-1.42 times of treatment group; the contents of N, P and K in leaves are 0 kg. Hm -2 1.28-1.34, 1.45-1.57 and 1.47-1.53 times of treatment group; the contents of N, P and K in the cut are respectively 0kg hm -2 1.34-1.73, 1.48-1.84, and 1.26-1.48 times of treatment group; the content of N, P and K in fibrous root is 0 kg. Hm -2 1.34-1.39, 1.53-1.6 and 1.25-1.37 times of treatment group; the content of N, P and K in the stem is 0 kg. Hm respectively -2 1.56-2.1, 2.35-3.03 and 1.21-1.4 times of treatment groups (FIG. 4). The application of dazomet can promote accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of each part of the panax notoginseng, thereby providing a material basis for accumulation of dry matters and saponins of the panax notoginseng.
Example 6: EXAMPLE 1 seedling survival Rate of treated Panax notoginseng
Harvest time, 0 kg. Hm -2 、525 kg·hm -2 、600 kg·hm -2 And 675 kg. Hm -2 Under the treatment, the seedling survival rates of the three-year-old panax notoginseng are respectively 71.2%, 94.62%, 95.3% and 94.1%. The seedling survival rates of the panax notoginseng treated by the method are respectively 32.89%, 33.85% and 32.16% higher than those of the untreated panax notoginseng (figure 5), which shows that the application of the dazomet can improve the seedling survival rate of the panax notoginseng.
Example 7: example 1 application amount of pesticide to Panax notoginseng
Harvest time, 0 kg. Hm -2 The average application time is 40 times in three or seven years, and the total annual dosage is 48 kg. Hm -2 。525 kg·hm -2 、600 kg·hm -2 And 675 kg. Hm -2 The annual application rates of the pseudo-ginseng under the treatment of the dazomet are respectively 33, 31 and 34 times, and the annual total application rates of the pseudo-ginseng are respectively 39.6, 37.2 and 40.8kg hm -2 . And 0 kg. Hm -2 Compared with the treatment, 525 kg. Hm -2 、600 kg·hm -2 And 675 kg. Hm -2 The application rates under the dazomet treatment were reduced by 17.5%, 22.5% and 15%, respectively (fig. 6), indicating that the application of dazomet reduced the amount of pesticide.
Example 8: example 1 abundance of growth-promoting microorganisms in pseudo-ginseng planting soil
Counting the abundance of the first 10 phyla of microorganisms in the soil after the dazomet application by adopting a high-throughput sequencing method, and obtaining the resultFound that 0kg hm -2 、525kg·hm -2 、600kg·hm -2 And 675kg hm -2 Beneficial bacteria in treated soilProteobacteria、Acidobacteriota、ChloroflexiAndGemmatimonadotathe sum of the abundances of 48.86%, 59.61%, 59.64% and 59.6% respectively. The abundance of beneficial bacteria treated by the dazomet is respectively 22%, 22.06% and 21.98% higher than that of untreated bacteria; beneficial fungiAscomycota、MortierellomycotaAndBasidiomycotathe sum of the abundances of (a) was 66.59%, 90.41%, 86.55% and 73.14%, respectively, and the abundance of the beneficial fungus with dazomet treatment was 35.77%, 29.97% and 9.84% higher than that of the untreated, respectively (fig. 7). Indicating that the application of dazomet promotes the growth of beneficial soil microorganisms.
In conclusion, the pseudo-ginseng treated by the method can improve the seedling survival rate of the pseudo-ginseng by promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms in soil, reduce the occurrence of diseases of the pseudo-ginseng while reducing the using amount of pesticides, and further improve the yield of the pseudo-ginseng. The method for treating the pseudo-ginseng also improves the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements in leaves, stems, fibrous roots, cut edges and main roots of the pseudo-ginseng, and remarkably up-regulates the expression of genes related to saponin synthesis in the main roots of the pseudo-ginseng, thereby promoting the improvement of the saponin content in the main roots of the pseudo-ginseng.
Claims (2)
1. A method for improving the content of saponin in a panax notoginseng medicinal material is characterized by comprising the following steps: before planting the panax notoginseng, the accumulation of the saponin in the panax notoginseng medicinal material is promoted by applying dazomet in soil.
2. The method for improving the saponin content of the panax notoginseng medicine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: applying 525-675kg hm before planting pseudo-ginseng -2 Uniformly mixing the dazomet with soil, turning over to a depth of 25-40cm, immediately covering an airtight and undamaged mulching film, ditching and pressing edges at the boundary and pressing soil at the inner side, sealing without leaving gaps, uncovering the mulching film after covering for 15-35 days, planting pseudo-ginseng after uncovering the mulching film for more than 15 days, and managing the planted pseudo-ginseng according to a conventional management mode.
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| CN108293705A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-07-20 | 文山苗乡三七科技有限公司 | A method of handling notoginseng soil with soil fumigant dazomet |
| CN109349045A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-02-19 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of method of arasaponin accumulation in promotion pseudo-ginseng |
| CN109644803A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-19 | 沈阳禾康永丰生物环保产业有限公司 | A kind of pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping administering method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108293705A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-07-20 | 文山苗乡三七科技有限公司 | A method of handling notoginseng soil with soil fumigant dazomet |
| CN109349045A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-02-19 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of method of arasaponin accumulation in promotion pseudo-ginseng |
| CN109644803A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-19 | 沈阳禾康永丰生物环保产业有限公司 | A kind of pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping administering method |
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| 李龙等: "氯化苦熏蒸对土壤和三七生长发育的影响", 中国中药杂志, vol. 47, no. 3, 1 February 2022 (2022-02-01), pages 635 - 642 * |
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