CN108925315A

CN108925315A - A kind of method of " two-step method " Biofumigation prevention and control facilities vegetable root-knot nematode

Info

Publication number: CN108925315A
Application number: CN201810733722.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 史庆华; 王纪磊; 巩彪
Original assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2018-07-06
Filing date: 2018-07-06
Publication date: 2018-12-04
Anticipated expiration: 2038-07-06
Also published as: CN108925315B

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of methods of " two-step method " Biofumigation prevention and control facilities vegetable root-knot nematode；Chinese prickly ash seedcake is mixed in a manner of spreading fertilizer over the fields with soil in protected field by 1000kg/ mus of amount of application first, covers transparent mulch, close plastic shed 30 days or so.7 days before vegetable permanent planting, the wild pepper seed of inactivation is uniformly sprinkling upon in cultivating bed by 1000kg/ mus of amount of application, is colonized vegetables after mixing well withing the soil.Facilities vegetable root-knot nematode preventive effect can be made to reach 70% or more using the method, while wild pepper seed (cake) is used as high-quality organic fertilizer, can significantly improve the quality of facilities vegetable, will not only generate injury to crop root, but also can continuously kill nematode；Play the role of to pesticide and the double substitutions of chemical fertilizer.

Description

A kind of method of " two-step method " Biofumigation prevention and control facilities vegetable root-knot nematode

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of methods of " two-step method " Biofumigation prevention and control facilities vegetable root-knot nematode, belong to green agriculture Field.

Technical background

In China, the plantation and unreasonable fertilising etc. year after year of facilities vegetable cause root region soil physicochemical property to deteriorate, Microbiota is unbalance, harmful organism serious accumulation, and it is high-quality and efficient, sustainable development to have become restriction China's facilities vegetable Key factor.The Ministry of Agriculture in 2015 has issued and implemented " to the year two thousand twenty fertilizer application amount zero growth rate action scheme " and " to the year two thousand twenty Pesticide use amount zero growth rate action scheme ", the Ministry of Agriculture in 2016 has approved again " carries out fruit and vegetable tealeaves organic fertilizer substitution Chemical fertilizer action scheme ".The issuing and implementation of these files are that the high-quality and safety production of facilities vegetable specifies direction: both utilizing green Pest and disease damage Control Technology and organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer technology, reduce facilities vegetable disease occur and agriculture chemical dosage, Improve the quality and safety of facilities vegetable.

Root knot nematode disease is the important restriction factor of the sustainable development of facilities vegetable, it is distributed widely in all over the world. It is gradually increased with vegetable production in green house area is protected, the especially large scale application of heliogreenhouse, greenhouse, multiple crop index increases Add, root knot nematode disease harm is caused to be on the rise.In terms of preventing the soil-borne diseases such as facilities vegetable root-knot nematode, bromomethane conduct Efficient soil fumigant has played important function.But due to its destruction to ozone layer, according to " Montreal Protocol brother's sheet Breathe out root amendment ", bromomethane is forbidden applying in the world within 2015.For this purpose, the research and development of alternatives of methyl bromide become One of hot spot studied at present.In numerous alternatives of methyl bromide, waved using what is generated in plant organic matter decomposable process Hair property kill livestock gas inhibit or kill soil pests Biofumigation technology be considered as the environment protection type soil for having very much development prospect Earth treatment measures.Foreign countries are more to the fumigating effect research of brassica plant, are currently known and utilize leaf mustard, wild cabbage and cauliflower etc. Vegetable material carries out soil-fumigating, and to sickle-like bacteria, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, beautiful floral whorl branch spore, root-rot silk capsule be mould, phytophthora and nematode etc. are more Kind soil-borne disease has certain inhibiting effect.This characteristic of brassica plant is derived from its thioglucose rich in Glycosides, mechanism are glucosinolates after tissue is destroyed, in vacuole under the decomposition of myrosin, are generated A large amount of different sulfuric acid hydrocyanic ester substance, this substance have the effects such as extensive weeding, sterilization.

The Chinese prickly ash flavouring important as China, more than 2,000 ten thousand mu of cultivated area, in addition to the Chinese prickly ash pericarp as flavouring 1000000 tons outer, is not utilized well there are also 1,100,000 tons of wild pepper seed.Studies have shown that wild pepper seed grease rich in and Volatile sterilization and disinsection ingredient has good Biofumigation characteristic.In addition, wild pepper seed protein also rich in, shallow lake Powder and minerals etc..Therefore, remaining Chinese prickly ash seedcake after wild pepper seed and oil expression being applied to the prevention and control of root-knot nematode can be facility The green production of vegetables provides new thinking and technological approaches.

Summary of the invention

To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of " two-step method " Biofumigation prevention and control facilities vegetable root-knot nematodes Method；More particularly to facilities vegetable root-knot nematode green prevention and control technology and organic fertilizer replacing fertilizer technology；Purpose is one kind It is fumigated using Chinese prickly ash seedcake and wild pepper seed as raw material progress geobiont and carrys out eliminating root-knot nematodes, improve facilities vegetable yield and quality Method, be a kind of the effective ways for subtracting medicine can be realized in vegetables produce.

A kind of method of " two-step method " Biofumigation prevention and control facilities vegetable root-knot nematode, steps are as follows:

1) the Chinese prickly ash seedcake obtained after wild pepper seed oil expression is uniform by 1000kg/ mus after being crushed to 10-20 mesh with pulverizer Soil surface in heliogreenhouse is spread fertilizer over the fields, is uniformly mixed with soil；

2) heliogreenhouse is closed and ensures that canopy film will not leak, with saturating after the soil after mixing Chinese prickly ash seedcake is sprinkled profoundly water The indoor covered ground sealing of entire sunlight is made temperature of shed rise very rapidly up to 50-60 DEG C and close plastic shed 30-35 days by bright mulch.

3) 7 days before vegetable permanent planting, the wild pepper seed that will not extract oil is using high pressure steam boiler in 105-120 DEG C of processing 40-60 Minute, wild pepper seed is inactivated, is then uniformly administered in cultivating bed by 1000kg/ mus of dosage, is colonized vegetable after mixing well withing the soil Dish.

Present invention combination high temperature close plastic shed makes Chinese prickly ash seedcake (1000kg/ mus) the decomposed decomposition being uniformly mixed with soil in protected field, Volatile component-the linalool and D- limonene that generate in decomposable process can kill nematode and ovum in soil；Again in vegetables The wild pepper seed inactivated with high steam is uniformly applied in cultivating bed by field planting for first 7 days by 1000kg/ mus.Since wild pepper seed has Harder shell, be manured into soil in can slowly degrade, control wild pepper seed in effective component-linalool and D- limonene it is slow Release not only will not generate injury to crop root, but also can continuously kill nematode.Meanwhile the nutrient of slow release can be again Vegetables provide nutrition, reduce the loss of nutrient.Play the role of to pesticide and the double substitutions of chemical fertilizer.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1: the influence to tomato root-knot eelworm preventive effect and yield

(1) it seed selection nursery: selects and cultivates wider No. 8 tomato varieties of golden canopy, using hole plate seedling growth.

(2) before 7, August part close plastic shed, processing group and control group are respectively set in a greenhouse: processing group is will Chinese prickly ash seed cake powder is uniformly mixed with soil according to 1000kg/ mus of dosage, after sprinkling profoundly water, is sealed with transparent covering with ground sheeting；Control Group only sprinkles profoundly water and with transparent covering with ground sheeting not apply Chinese prickly ash seedcake.Greenhouse is closed and ensures that canopy film will not leak, simultaneously Close plastic shed 30 days or so.

(3) wild pepper seed that will not extract oil is inactivated at 105-120 DEG C for 40-60 minutes using high pressure steam boiler.

(4) after close plastic shed, greenhouse sufficiently leaks informaton three days, and film is opened, and then presses wide row space 90cm, small row High ridge (cultivating bed) is done away from 50cm, the wild pepper seed that step 3) inactivates is pressed into 1000kg/ mus and soil again in processing group cultivating bed It mixes.

(5) it is colonized tomato seedling respectively in processing group and control group cultivating bed: the disease-free healthy and strong children of four leaves wholeheartedly will be grown to Seedling presses strain

After 35cm field planting, it is watered with moisture, is covered with mulch, presses tomato cultivation process normal management later.

In the present embodiment, after field planting 45 days, control group root-knot nematode disease incidence is 88.96%, and the disease incidence of processing group is 20%；Control group root knot index, root system root-knot nematode number are respectively 90 and 483.33/gram soil, and processing group is respectively 23.33 With 103.67/gram soil.Final control group yield is 8592kg/ mus, and processing group yield is 11253kg/ mus, volume increase 30.97%.

Illustrate that the present invention can not only effectively prevent the generation of tomato root-knot eelworm disease, and has significant volume increase to tomato Effect.

Embodiment 2: the influence to cucumber root-knot nematode preventive effect and yield

(1) 721 cucumber variety of De Ruite low temperature resistant, that cultivation range is wide, hole plate seedling growth seed selection nursery: are selected.

(2) graft: Root-stock selection black seed pumpkin is grafted using the method for plant propagation with cutting.

(3) in addition to setting control group and wild pepper seed (cake) processing group (identical as processing group in embodiment 1), separately increase drug Processing group (field planting 7 days after, on the basis of control group concentration for 1.8% 1500 times of liquid irrigating roots of avermectin).

(4) after the disease-free healthy and strong grafting seedling of three leaves wholeheartedly will be grown to by spacing in the rows 35cm field planting, it is watered with moisture, is covered with ground Film presses cucumber cultivation process normal management in the future.

In the present embodiment, after field planting 45 days, control group root knot index is 72.97, and drug-treated group root knot index is 14.65, wild pepper seed (cake) processing group root knot index is 19.27.Control group yield is 2593kg/ mus, and drug-treated group yield is 2977kg/ mus, wild pepper seed (cake) processing group yield is 3347kg/ mus.

The present invention can not only effectively prevent the generation of Cucumber root-knot nematode disease, and have significant volume increase effect to cucumber Fruit.

Claims

1. a kind of method of " two-step method " Biofumigation prevention and control facilities vegetable root-knot nematode, it is characterised in that: steps are as follows:

1) the Chinese prickly ash seedcake obtained after wild pepper seed oil expression uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields soil surface in heliogreenhouse after crushing, mixed with soil It closes uniform；

2) heliogreenhouse is closed after spreading fertilizer over the fields the Chinese prickly ash seedcake of crushing and ensures that canopy film will not leak, after mixing Chinese prickly ash seedcake Soil, which is sealed the indoor covered ground of entire sunlight with transparent mulch after sprinkling profoundly water, makes temperature of shed rise very rapidly up to 50-60 DEG C close plastic shed 30-35 days；

3) 7 days before vegetable permanent planting, the wild pepper seed that will not extract oil is inactivated using high steam, then that the wild pepper seed after inactivation is uniform It is administered in cultivating bed, is colonized vegetables after mixing well withing the soil.

2. the method for one kind " two-step method " Biofumigation prevention and control facilities vegetable root-knot nematode as described in claim 1, feature Be: Chinese prickly ash seedcake is crushed to 10-20 mesh in the step 1).

3. the method for one kind " two-step method " Biofumigation prevention and control facilities vegetable root-knot nematode as described in claim 1, feature It is: handles 40-60 minutes inactivation wild pepper seed at 105-120 DEG C using high pressure steam boiler in the step 3).

4. the method for one kind " two-step method " Biofumigation prevention and control facilities vegetable root-knot nematode as described in claim 1, feature Be: it is 1000kg/ mus that soil, which spreads fertilizer over the fields the amount of smashed Chinese prickly ash seedcake, in the step 1) medium temperature chamber.

5. the method for one kind " two-step method " Biofumigation prevention and control facilities vegetable root-knot nematode as described in claim 1, feature Be: it is 1000kg/ mus that soil, which spreads fertilizer over the fields the amount of the wild pepper seed after inactivation, in the step 3) medium temperature chamber.