CN109006227B - Ecological planting method for returning astragalus stem leaves to field - Google Patents
Ecological planting method for returning astragalus stem leaves to field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological planting method for returning astragalus stems and leaves to field, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting land, preparing land, sowing and managing the field according to the conventional method; (2) after turning green in spring, the astragalus grows in the seedling stage, enters the flowering stage, reaches the fruit ripening stage in the middle ten days of 7 months, ditches are opened among rows, the depth is 25cm, and overground stem leaves 1/3 are cut into 3cm small segments and are turned and pressed in the ditches; (3) and then covering soil, and performing conventional field management until harvesting. The method for planting the astragalus membranaceus has the advantages that the yield and the quality are remarkably improved, a green fertilizer is effectively provided for the growth of the astragalus membranaceus, and a new way is opened for ecological planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal material planting, in particular to an ecological planting method for returning astragalus stems and leaves to fields.
Background
Astragalus membranaceus is a famous root medicinal material, is derived from dried roots of Mongolian Astragalus membranaceus (Astragalus membranaceus Bunge var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao) or Astragalus membranaceus (Astragalus membranaceus Bge.) of leguminous plants, has the functions of regulating immunity, resisting aging, stress and myocardial ischemia, protecting kidney and liver, calming, easing pain, resisting osteoporosis and the like, is widely applied to clinical formulas, and is called as 'ten medicines and eight'. The method is mainly distributed in places such as Heilongjiang, inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Shanxi, Gansu and the like in China, the Shanxi is a production area in the way, is intensively distributed in the muddy source, Xinzhou and Xinzhou, and provides unique ecological conditions for the growth of the astragalus membranaceus. The Shaobei root of Chinese academy of engineering academy and famous Chinese materia medica believes that saponins, flavonoids and polysaccharides in the chemical components of the Hengshan radix astragali are far higher than those of the same radix astragali in other areas of China, "the first from the top of the world" is true, the brand advantage of the Hengshan radix astragali enjoys high reputation at home and abroad, and the supply of products is not in demand.
However, in recent years, due to the unregulated excavation of a large number of radix astragali resources, the wild radix astragali resources are exhausted, and the radix astragali medicinal materials in the market are mainly derived from artificial cultivation. At present, Chinese medicinal material planting mostly refers to a crop mode, in order to pursue the yield of medicinal materials, only the application of chemical fertilizers is emphasized, and the combination of soil nutrient and the protection of ecological environment are ignored, so that the nutrient of soil is unbalanced, the physicochemical property is changed, the self-regulation capability of the ecological environment is damaged, the diseases and insect pests are seriously caused, the quality of the medicinal materials is further reduced, the yield is unstable, and the curative effect of the medicinal materials and the growth and development of the astragalus industry are seriously influenced. In order to change the resource advantage of astragalus into economic advantage, create a first-class astragalus industry in the world, develop research on green ecological planting technology, protect the ecological environment of astragalus land and improve the quality of astragalus medicinal materials, the applicant proposes a planting concept of 'cultivating astragalus by using astragalus and realizing nutrient self-circulation', researches and establishes a stem leaf green manure returning ecological planting technology, and realizes environment-friendly and healthy development of the astragalus industry.
Based on the research concept, the applicant performs quality evaluation and fertilization effect research on astragalus stem leaves as green manure in the earlier stage. The results show that: according to the national organic fertilizer quality grading standard, the organic matter content and the nutrient element content of the stem leaves of the astragalus in each growth period reach the green manure standard of more than two levels; after the stem and leaf of astragalus membranaceus is used as green manure and applied to a corn field, compared with other organic fertilizers and compound fertilizers, the yield and quality of corn are obviously improved, the microbial community structure of soil is improved, and activities of sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase and the like in the soil are obviously improved. In order to further and deeply research the influence of stem and leaf returning on the growth and quality yield of astragalus, 2-year seedlings of the artificially cultured astragalus are used as materials, the stems and leaves on the ground are cut at different growth periods and used as green manure to be turned over and returned to the field, the stem and leaf returning time and the cutting amount which can effectively improve the yield and quality of the astragalus and improve the ecological condition of soil are screened by measuring the growth indexes of the astragalus and the contents of three active ingredients, namely total flavone, polysaccharide and saponin in the root, an astragalus nutrition self-circulation ecological planting mode is constructed, a foundation is laid for standardizing the artificial astragalus cultivation technology, and the healthy development of the astragalus industry is promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an ecological planting method for returning astragalus stems and leaves to fields.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the ecological planting method for returning the stem leaves of the astragalus membranaceus to the field comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land, preparing land, sowing and managing the field according to the conventional method;
(2) after turning green in spring, the astragalus grows in the seedling stage, enters the flowering stage, reaches the fruit ripening stage in the middle ten days of 7 months, ditches are opened among rows, the depth is 25cm, and overground stem leaves 1/3 are cut into 3cm small segments and are turned and pressed in the ditches;
(3) and then covering soil, and performing conventional field management until harvesting.
Further, after the treatment of the step (2), uniformly spraying the stem leaf embedding agent into the ditch by using a stem leaf embedding agent spraying device, spraying 1 time every 7 days, and spraying 0.8-1.5L/m every time2The spraying was performed 3 times in total.
Still further, the stem leaf landfill agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7-9 parts of red wine, 3-4 parts of citric acid, 0.2-0.5 part of yeast extract, 5-10 parts of radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide b, 1-2 parts of soybean isoflavone, 4-8 parts of astragalus extract, 2-3 parts of diatomite, 1-2 parts of banana peel powder, 0.5-0.8 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.3-0.4 part of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate. The red wine contains various nutrient substances such as sugar, protein, amino acid and the like, and is beneficial to the growth of the astragalus; the citric acid has a chelating effect, can remove certain harmful metals and promote the growth of the astragalus; the yeast extract can improve the soil microbial environment and improve the growth of astragalus; amino acids and small peptides in the radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide b can be directly absorbed by the radix astragali, so that the root system growth of the radix astragali is promoted, and the yeast extract can be assisted to improve the soil microenvironment; the soybean isoflavone can assist in enhancing the growth of astragalus; the astragalus extract can assist in supplementing various nutrient substances required by the growth of astragalus; the diatomite can play a role in moisturizing and loosening soil; the banana peel powder is rich in elements such as phosphorus and magnesium, and can promote the growth of astragalus; the ferrous sulfate can promote the formation of chlorophyll and improve the activity of yeast extract; the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate can effectively enhance the effect of the stem leaf landfill agent; the stem leaf landfill agent prepared by the proportion can effectively assist in enhancing the effect of astragalus stem leaf landfill, can enhance the content of each element in soil, improve the microenvironment of the soil and better promote the growth of astragalus.
Further, the stem leaf burying agent is prepared by S1, mixing red wine, citric acid and soybean isoflavone, adding 8-10 times of deionized water, and performing ultrasonic mixing treatment for 4-6 h while performing ultraviolet irradiation for 10-45S to obtain a mixed solution A; s2, mixing the yeast extract, the radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide B and ferrous sulfate, adding 2-4 times of deionized water by weight, heating to 43 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping the temperature, stirring for 5-15 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a mixed solution B; s3, performing mechanical resonance mixing on diatomite and banana peel powder after heat preservation is performed for 3-7 min at the temperature of 25-80 ℃, adding an astragalus extract to obtain a mixed solution C, wherein the resonance frequency of the mechanical resonance mixing is 0-220 Hz, the resonance amplitude is 0-12 mm, and steady-state mixing and unsteady-state mixing are performed according to the resonance frequency and the resonance amplitude, wherein the steady-state mixing time is (50-260S)/100 g, and the unsteady-state mixing time is (180-580S)/100 g; and S4, placing the mixed solution A, the mixed solution B and the mixed solution C in an alternating electric field with the frequency of 40kHz and the field intensity amplitude of 200kv/m for 5-8 min, continuously stirring, after stirring is finished, dropping dipotassium glycyrrhizinate after the temperature of the mixing container (1) is reduced to 20 ℃, and magnetically stirring for 5-10 min to obtain the stem leaf landfill agent. The mixing degree of the mixed solution A can be improved through ultrasonic treatment and ultraviolet irradiation, the yeast activity and the mixing degree of the mixed solution B can be improved through heating at 3 ℃/min and stirring at 43 ℃, the mixing degree of the mixed solution C can be improved through applying an alternating electric field, and the components of all the substances are protected from being damaged to a great extent; and the mixing degree can be improved through resonance mixing, the mixing degree is high, no chemical auxiliary agent is required to be added, and the effect of the stem leaf landfill agent can be effectively enhanced by adding the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate.
Further, the preparation method of the astragalus membranaceus extracting solution comprises the steps of putting astragalus membranaceus into an ultrasonic cleaning machine containing 0.4-0.6% of sodium bicarbonate solution, cleaning for 10-20 min under the conditions of 140-210W and 32-38 KHz, draining, drying in vacuum microwave, crushing into 30-50 meshes by a micronizer, adding into 20-25 times of deionized water, soaking for 2-3 h at 76-92 ℃ to obtain an extracting solution A, extracting the extracting solution A for 15-25 min by using 3-5 times of ethanol solution, volatilizing ethanol, adding deionized water to make up to 70% of the original volume to obtain an extracting solution B, adding a rare earth denitration catalyst into the extracting solution B according to the volume ratio of the rare earth denitration catalyst to the extracting solution B being 5:190, reacting for 1-2 h under the mixed atmosphere of 97-131 ℃, 1.2-1.8 MPa and 5:3 of hydrogen-nitrogen ratio, stirring, and centrifuging for 1-2 h, cooling to 25-32 ℃ at the temperature of 4-6 ℃/s, filtering the mixture through a macroporous adsorption resin column at a flow rate of 1.5-4 times of the column volume, and concentrating the filtered mixture under pressure to 25-35% of the original volume to obtain the astragalus mongholicus extracting solution. The radix astragali extractive solution prepared by the method has high extraction purity, no impurity, and good use effect.
Further, the yeast extract is prepared by activating yeast to obtain yeast suspension; and heating the yeast suspension to 39 ℃, applying a pulse electric field of 20-110 kV/cm, and treating for 15-25 min to obtain a yeast extract. The yeast extract prepared by the method has high purity and good yeast activity.
Further, the stem leaf landfill agent spraying device consists of an outer shell, an inner sphere, a primary rotating ring, a secondary rotating ring and a spraying head; the upper end and the lower end of the first-stage rotating ring are respectively connected with the inner wall of the outer shell through a first-stage motor, the left end and the right end of the second-stage rotating ring are respectively connected with the first-stage rotating ring through a second-stage motor, the upper end and the lower end of the inner sphere are respectively connected with the second-stage rotating ring through an inner sphere motor, the left end of the upper top surface of the outer shell is provided with a liquid injection port, the right end of the lower bottom surface of the outer shell is provided with a liquid outlet pump, the liquid outlet pump is connected with a spraying head through a telescopic connecting pipe, the inner wall of the inner sphere is; the telescopic stirrer is composed of a base, telescopic rods and stirring blades, the lower end of each telescopic rod is connected with the base in a telescopic mode, the stirring blades are provided with multiple groups, and the stirring blades are arranged at the upper end of each telescopic rod at equal intervals.
The stem leaf landfill agent spraying device comprises a stem leaf landfill agent spraying device, an inner ball body, a first-stage motor, a second-stage motor, an inner ball body motor, a first telescopic stirrer, a second telescopic stirrer, a third telescopic stirrer, a fourth telescopic stirrer and a fourth telescopic stirrer, wherein the stem leaf landfill agent is injected into the device through an injection port, the stem leaf landfill agent is communicated with the inside of an outer shell through a plurality of inlets and outlets on the inner wall of the inner ball body; the flexible connecting pipe is stretched under the action of the liquid outlet pump, and the spraying head is used for spraying in the ditch.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the ecological planting method for returning stems and leaves to fields has the advantages of clear scientific principle, simple operation method, low investment cost and obvious quality-improving and yield-increasing effects. Compared with the traditional planting, the yield of the astragalus root is improved by 11.70 percent, the accumulation of flavone, polysaccharide and saponin which are three effective components is improved by 48.81 percent, 66 percent and 11.54 percent, and the economic yield of the astragalus is respectively improved by 66.86 percent, 85.37 percent and 24.53 percent by the processing of cutting stem leaves 1/3 and returning the cut stem leaves to the field in the fruit maturity stage.
(2) According to the stem leaf landfill agent spraying device, the first-stage rotating ring, the second-stage rotating ring and the inner ball body are matched, the inner ball body is rotated in all directions under the action of the motor, multi-stage multi-rotation is realized through rotation of the first-stage rotating ring and the second-stage rotating ring, stem leaf landfill agents in the device are stirred constantly, the mixing degree of the stem leaf landfill agents during spraying is guaranteed, and the spraying quality and effect are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the metabolite yield of an individual strain of Astragalus membranaceus under different shearing and pressure-turning treatments according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the foliage-burying agent spraying apparatus of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-outer shell, 11-liquid injection port, 12-liquid outlet pump, 2-inner sphere, 21-inlet and outlet, 3-first-stage rotating ring, 4-second-stage rotating ring, 5-first-stage motor, 6-second-stage motor, 7-inner sphere motor, 8-telescopic stirrer, 81-base, 82-telescopic rod, 83-stirring blade, 9-sprinkler head, 91-telescopic connecting pipe.
Detailed Description
Example 1
An ecological planting method of astragalus membranaceus stems and leaves returned to field comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land, preparing land, sowing and managing the field according to the conventional method;
(2) after turning green in spring, the astragalus grows in the seedling stage, enters the flowering stage, reaches the fruit ripening stage in the middle ten days of 7 months, ditches are opened among rows, the depth is 25cm, and overground stem leaves 1/3 are cut into 3cm small segments and are turned and pressed in the ditches;
(3) and then covering soil, and performing conventional field management until harvesting.
Example 2
The difference from the example 1 is that after the treatment of the step (2), the stem leaf burying agent is uniformly sprayed into the ditch by using a stem leaf burying agent spraying device, 1 time is sprayed every 7 days, and 0.8L/m is sprayed every time2The spraying was performed 3 times in total.
The stem leaf landfill agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of red wine, 3 parts of citric acid, 0.2 part of yeast extract, 5 parts of radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide b, 1 part of soybean isoflavone, 4 parts of astragalus extract, 2 parts of diatomite, 1 part of banana peel powder, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.3 part of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate. The red wine contains various nutrient substances such as sugar, protein, amino acid and the like, and is beneficial to the growth of the astragalus; the citric acid has a chelating effect, can remove certain harmful metals and promote the growth of the astragalus; the yeast extract can improve the soil microbial environment and improve the growth of astragalus; amino acids and small peptides in the radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide b can be directly absorbed by the radix astragali, so that the root system growth of the radix astragali is promoted, and the yeast extract can be assisted to improve the soil microenvironment; the soybean isoflavone can assist in enhancing the growth of astragalus; the astragalus extract can assist in supplementing various nutrient substances required by the growth of astragalus; the diatomite can play a role in moisturizing and loosening soil; the banana peel powder is rich in elements such as phosphorus and magnesium, and can promote the growth of astragalus; the ferrous sulfate can promote the formation of chlorophyll and improve the activity of yeast extract; the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate can effectively enhance the effect of the stem leaf landfill agent; the stem leaf landfill agent prepared by the proportion can effectively assist in enhancing the effect of astragalus stem leaf landfill, can enhance the content of each element in soil, improve the microenvironment of the soil and better promote the growth of astragalus.
The stem and leaf landfill agent is prepared by S1 mixing red wine, citric acid, and soybean isoflavone, adding 8 times deionized water, and ultrasonic mixing for 4 hr while irradiating with ultraviolet for 10S to obtain mixed solution A; s2, mixing the yeast extract, the radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide B and ferrous sulfate, adding 2 times of deionized water by weight, heating to 43 ℃ at the temperature of 3 ℃/min, keeping the temperature, stirring for 5min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a mixed solution B; s3, performing mechanical resonance mixing on diatomite and banana peel powder after heat preservation is performed for 3min at the temperature of 25 ℃, adding an astragalus extract to obtain a mixed solution C, wherein the resonance frequency of the mechanical resonance mixing is 210Hz, the resonance amplitude is +/-12 mm, and steady-state mixing and unsteady-state mixing are performed according to the resonance frequency and the resonance amplitude, wherein the steady-state mixing time is 50S/100g, and the unsteady-state mixing time is 180S/100 g; and S4, placing the mixed solution A, the mixed solution B and the mixed solution C in an alternating electric field with the frequency of 40kHz and the field intensity amplitude of 200kv/m for 5min, continuously stirring, after the stirring is finished, dropping dipotassium glycyrrhizinate after the temperature of the mixing container (1) is reduced to 20 ℃, and magnetically stirring for 5min to obtain the stem leaf landfill agent. The mixing degree of the mixed solution A can be improved through ultrasonic treatment and ultraviolet irradiation, the yeast activity and the mixing degree of the mixed solution B can be improved through heating at 3 ℃/min and stirring at 43 ℃, the mixing degree of the mixed solution C can be improved through applying an alternating electric field, and the components of all the substances are protected from being damaged to a great extent; and the mixing degree can be improved through resonance mixing, the mixing degree is high, no chemical auxiliary agent is required to be added, and the effect of the stem leaf landfill agent can be effectively enhanced by adding the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate.
The preparation method of the astragalus root extract comprises the following steps: cleaning radix astragali in ultrasonic cleaning machine containing 0.4% sodium bicarbonate solution at 140W and 32KHz for 10min, draining, vacuum microwave drying, pulverizing into 30 mesh powder, adding into 20 times weight of deionized water, soaking at 76 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain extractive solution A, extracting with 3 times weight of ethanol solution for 15min, volatilizing ethanol, adding deionized water to 70% of original volume to obtain extractive solution B, then according to the rare earth denitration base catalyst: adding the rare earth denitration catalyst into the extracting solution B according to the volume ratio of 5:190, reacting for 1h at 97 ℃ under the mixed atmosphere of 1.2MPa and the hydrogen-nitrogen ratio of 5:3, stirring and centrifuging, then cooling to 25 deg.C at 4 deg.C/s, filtering with macroporous adsorbent resin column at flow rate 1.5 times of column volume, and concentrating under pressure to 25% of original volume to obtain radix astragali extractive solution. The radix astragali extractive solution prepared by the method has high extraction purity, no impurity, and good use effect.
The yeast extract is prepared by activating yeast to obtain yeast suspension; and heating the yeast suspension to 39 ℃, applying a 20kV/cm pulsed electric field, and treating for 15min to obtain a yeast extract. The yeast extract prepared by the method has high purity and good yeast activity.
Example 3
The difference from the example 2 is that after the treatment of the step (2), the stem leaf burying agent is uniformly sprayed into the ditch by using a stem leaf burying agent spraying device, 1 time is sprayed every 7 days, and 1.2L/m is sprayed every time2The spraying was performed 3 times in total.
The stem leaf landfill agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of red wine, 3.8 parts of citric acid, 0.4 part of yeast extract, 7 parts of radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide b, 1.2 parts of soybean isoflavone, 6 parts of astragalus extract, 2.6 parts of diatomite, 1.5 parts of banana peel powder, 0.7 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.4 part of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate. The red wine contains various nutrient substances such as sugar, protein, amino acid and the like, and is beneficial to the growth of the astragalus; the citric acid has a chelating effect, can remove certain harmful metals and promote the growth of the astragalus; the yeast extract can improve the soil microbial environment and improve the growth of astragalus; amino acids and small peptides in the radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide b can be directly absorbed by the radix astragali, so that the root system growth of the radix astragali is promoted, and the yeast extract can be assisted to improve the soil microenvironment; the soybean isoflavone can assist in enhancing the growth of astragalus; the astragalus extract can assist in supplementing various nutrient substances required by the growth of astragalus; the diatomite can play a role in moisturizing and loosening soil; the banana peel powder is rich in elements such as phosphorus and magnesium, and can promote the growth of astragalus; the ferrous sulfate can promote the formation of chlorophyll and improve the activity of yeast extract; the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate can effectively enhance the effect of the stem leaf landfill agent; the stem leaf landfill agent prepared by the proportion can effectively assist in enhancing the effect of astragalus stem leaf landfill, can enhance the content of each element in soil, improve the microenvironment of the soil and better promote the growth of astragalus.
The stem and leaf landfill agent is prepared by S1 mixing red wine, citric acid, and soybean isoflavone, adding 9 times deionized water, and ultrasonic mixing for 5 hr while irradiating with ultraviolet for 35S to obtain mixed solution A; s2, mixing the yeast extract, the pseudostellaria cyclic peptide B and ferrous sulfate, adding 3 times of deionized water by weight, heating to 43 ℃ at a temperature of 3 ℃/min, keeping the temperature, stirring for 12min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a mixed solution B; s3, performing mechanical resonance mixing on diatomite and banana peel powder after the temperature is kept at 68 ℃ for 5min, adding an astragalus extract to obtain a mixed solution C, wherein the resonance frequency of the mechanical resonance mixing is 210Hz, the resonance amplitude is +/-12 mm, and steady-state mixing and unsteady-state mixing are performed according to the resonance frequency and the resonance amplitude, wherein the steady-state mixing time is 210S/100g, and the unsteady-state mixing time is 450S/100 g; and S4, placing the mixed solution A, the mixed solution B and the mixed solution C in an alternating electric field with the frequency of 40kHz and the field intensity amplitude of 200kv/m for 7min, continuously stirring, after the stirring is finished, dropping dipotassium glycyrrhizinate after the temperature of the mixing container (1) is reduced to 20 ℃, and magnetically stirring for 8min to obtain the stem leaf landfill agent. The mixing degree of the mixed solution A can be improved through ultrasonic treatment and ultraviolet irradiation, the yeast activity and the mixing degree of the mixed solution B can be improved through heating at 3 ℃/min and stirring at 43 ℃, the mixing degree of the mixed solution C can be improved through applying an alternating electric field, and the components of all the substances are protected from being damaged to a great extent; and the mixing degree can be improved through resonance mixing, the mixing degree is high, no chemical auxiliary agent is required to be added, and the effect of the stem leaf landfill agent can be effectively enhanced by adding the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate.
The preparation method of the astragalus root extract comprises the following steps: cleaning radix astragali in ultrasonic cleaning machine containing 0.5% sodium bicarbonate solution at 180W and 37KHz for 15min, draining, vacuum microwave drying, pulverizing into 40 mesh powder, adding into 23 times of deionized water, soaking at 87 deg.C for 2.5h to obtain extractive solution A, extracting with 4 times of ethanol solution for 20min, volatilizing ethanol, adding deionized water to 70% of original volume to obtain extractive solution B, then according to the rare earth denitration base catalyst: adding the rare earth denitration catalyst into the extracting solution B according to the volume ratio of 5:190, reacting for 1.5h at 121 ℃ under the mixed atmosphere of 1.6MPa and the hydrogen-nitrogen ratio of 5:3, stirring and centrifuging, then cooling to 27 deg.C at 5 deg.C/s, filtering with macroporous adsorbent resin column at 3 times column volume flow rate, and concentrating under pressure to 32% of original volume to obtain radix astragali extractive solution. The radix astragali extractive solution prepared by the method has high extraction purity, no impurity, and good use effect.
The yeast extract is prepared by activating yeast to obtain yeast suspension; and heating the yeast suspension to 39 ℃, applying a 70kV/cm pulsed electric field, and treating for 20min to obtain a yeast extract. The yeast extract prepared by the method has high purity and good yeast activity.
Example 4
The difference from the example 2 is that after the treatment of the step (2), the stem leaf burying agent is uniformly sprayed into the ditch by using a stem leaf burying agent spraying device, 1 time is sprayed every 7 days, and 1.5L/m is sprayed every time2The spraying was performed 3 times in total.
The stem leaf landfill agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 9 parts of red wine, 4 parts of citric acid, 0.5 part of yeast extract, 10 parts of radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide b, 2 parts of soybean isoflavone, 8 parts of astragalus extract, 3 parts of diatomite, 2 parts of banana peel powder, 0.8 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.4 part of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate. The red wine contains various nutrient substances such as sugar, protein, amino acid and the like, and is beneficial to the growth of the astragalus; the citric acid has a chelating effect, can remove certain harmful metals and promote the growth of the astragalus; the yeast extract can improve the soil microbial environment and improve the growth of astragalus; amino acids and small peptides in the radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide b can be directly absorbed by the radix astragali, so that the root system growth of the radix astragali is promoted, and the yeast extract can be assisted to improve the soil microenvironment; the soybean isoflavone can assist in enhancing the growth of astragalus; the astragalus extract can assist in supplementing various nutrient substances required by the growth of astragalus; the diatomite can play a role in moisturizing and loosening soil; the banana peel powder is rich in elements such as phosphorus and magnesium, and can promote the growth of astragalus; the ferrous sulfate can promote the formation of chlorophyll and improve the activity of yeast extract; the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate can effectively enhance the effect of the stem leaf landfill agent; the stem leaf landfill agent prepared by the proportion can effectively assist in enhancing the effect of astragalus stem leaf landfill, can enhance the content of each element in soil, improve the microenvironment of the soil and better promote the growth of astragalus.
The stem and leaf landfill agent is prepared by S1 mixing red wine, citric acid, and soybean isoflavone, adding 10 times of deionized water, and ultrasonic mixing for 6 hr while irradiating with ultraviolet for 45S to obtain mixed solution A; s2, mixing the yeast extract, the radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide B and ferrous sulfate, adding 4 times of deionized water by weight, heating to 43 ℃ at the temperature of 3 ℃/min, keeping the temperature, stirring for 15min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a mixed solution B; s3, performing mechanical resonance mixing on diatomite and banana peel powder after heat preservation is performed for 7min at the temperature of 80 ℃, adding an astragalus extract to obtain a mixed solution C, wherein the resonance frequency of the mechanical resonance mixing is 210Hz, the resonance amplitude is +/-12 mm, and steady-state mixing and unsteady-state mixing are performed according to the resonance frequency and the resonance amplitude, wherein the steady-state mixing time is 260S/100g, and the unsteady-state mixing time is 580S/100 g; and S4, placing the mixed solution A, the mixed solution B and the mixed solution C in an alternating electric field with the frequency of 40kHz and the field intensity amplitude of 200kv/m for 8min, continuously stirring, after the stirring is finished, dropping dipotassium glycyrrhizinate after the temperature of the mixing container (1) is reduced to 20 ℃, and magnetically stirring for 10min to obtain the stem leaf landfill agent. The mixing degree of the mixed solution A can be improved through ultrasonic treatment and ultraviolet irradiation, the yeast activity and the mixing degree of the mixed solution B can be improved through heating at 3 ℃/min and stirring at 43 ℃, the mixing degree of the mixed solution C can be improved through applying an alternating electric field, and the components of all the substances are protected from being damaged to a great extent; and the mixing degree can be improved through resonance mixing, the mixing degree is high, no chemical auxiliary agent is required to be added, and the effect of the stem leaf landfill agent can be effectively enhanced by adding the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate.
The preparation method of the astragalus root extract comprises the following steps: cleaning radix astragali in ultrasonic cleaning machine containing 0.6% sodium bicarbonate solution at 210W and 38KHz for 20min, draining, vacuum microwave drying, pulverizing into 50 mesh powder, adding into 25 times weight of deionized water, soaking at 92 deg.C for 3 hr to obtain extractive solution A, extracting with 5 times weight of ethanol solution for 25min, volatilizing ethanol, adding deionized water to 70% of original volume to obtain extractive solution B, then according to the rare earth denitration base catalyst: adding the rare earth denitration catalyst into the extracting solution B according to the volume ratio of 5:190, reacting for 2 hours at 131 ℃, 1.8MPa and the mixed atmosphere with the hydrogen-nitrogen ratio of 5:3, stirring and centrifuging, then cooling to 32 deg.C/s, filtering with macroporous adsorbent resin column at 4 times column volume flow rate, and concentrating under pressure to 35% of original volume to obtain radix astragali extractive solution. The radix astragali extractive solution prepared by the method has high extraction purity, no impurity, and good use effect.
The yeast extract is prepared by activating yeast to obtain yeast suspension; and heating the yeast suspension to 39 ℃, applying a pulse electric field of 110kV/cm, and treating for 25min to obtain a yeast extract. The yeast extract prepared by the method has high purity and good yeast activity.
Example 5
The difference from the example 2 is that after the treatment of the step (2), the stem leaf burying agent is uniformly sprayed into the ditch by using a stem leaf burying agent spraying device, 1 time is sprayed every 7 days, and 0.8L/m is sprayed every time2The spraying was performed 3 times in total.
The stem leaf landfill agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of red wine, 3 parts of citric acid, 0.2 part of yeast extract, 5 parts of radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide b, 1 part of soybean isoflavone, 4 parts of astragalus extract, 2 parts of diatomite, 1 part of banana peel powder, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.3 part of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate. The red wine contains various nutrient substances such as sugar, protein, amino acid and the like, and is beneficial to the growth of the astragalus; the citric acid has a chelating effect, can remove certain harmful metals and promote the growth of the astragalus; the yeast extract can improve the soil microbial environment and improve the growth of astragalus; amino acids and small peptides in the radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide b can be directly absorbed by the radix astragali, so that the root system growth of the radix astragali is promoted, and the yeast extract can be assisted to improve the soil microenvironment; the soybean isoflavone can assist in enhancing the growth of astragalus; the astragalus extract can assist in supplementing various nutrient substances required by the growth of astragalus; the diatomite can play a role in moisturizing and loosening soil; the banana peel powder is rich in elements such as phosphorus and magnesium, and can promote the growth of astragalus; the ferrous sulfate can promote the formation of chlorophyll and improve the activity of yeast extract; the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate can effectively enhance the effect of the stem leaf landfill agent; the stem leaf landfill agent prepared by the proportion can effectively assist in enhancing the effect of astragalus stem leaf landfill, can enhance the content of each element in soil, improve the microenvironment of the soil and better promote the growth of astragalus.
The stem and leaf landfill agent is prepared by S1 mixing red wine, citric acid, and soybean isoflavone, adding 8 times deionized water, and ultrasonic mixing for 4 hr while irradiating with ultraviolet for 10S to obtain mixed solution A; s2, mixing the yeast extract, the radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide B and ferrous sulfate, adding 2 times of deionized water by weight, heating to 43 ℃ at the temperature of 3 ℃/min, keeping the temperature, stirring for 5min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a mixed solution B; s3, performing mechanical resonance mixing on diatomite and banana peel powder after heat preservation is performed for 3min at the temperature of 25 ℃, adding an astragalus extract to obtain a mixed solution C, wherein the resonance frequency of the mechanical resonance mixing is 210Hz, the resonance amplitude is +/-12 mm, and steady-state mixing and unsteady-state mixing are performed according to the resonance frequency and the resonance amplitude, wherein the steady-state mixing time is 50S/100g, and the unsteady-state mixing time is 180S/100 g; and S4, placing the mixed solution A, the mixed solution B and the mixed solution C in an alternating electric field with the frequency of 40kHz and the field intensity amplitude of 200kv/m for 5min, continuously stirring, after the stirring is finished, dropping dipotassium glycyrrhizinate after the temperature of the mixing container (1) is reduced to 20 ℃, and magnetically stirring for 5min to obtain the stem leaf landfill agent. The mixing degree of the mixed solution A can be improved through ultrasonic treatment and ultraviolet irradiation, the yeast activity and the mixing degree of the mixed solution B can be improved through heating at 3 ℃/min and stirring at 43 ℃, the mixing degree of the mixed solution C can be improved through applying an alternating electric field, and the components of all the substances are protected from being damaged to a great extent; and the mixing degree can be improved through resonance mixing, the mixing degree is high, no chemical auxiliary agent is required to be added, and the effect of the stem leaf landfill agent can be effectively enhanced by adding the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate.
The preparation method of the astragalus root extract comprises the following steps: cleaning in ultrasonic cleaning machine containing 0.4% sodium bicarbonate solution at 140W and 32KHz for 10min, draining, vacuum microwave drying, pulverizing into 30 mesh powder, adding into 20 times weight of deionized water, soaking at 76 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain extractive solution A, extracting with 3 times weight of ethanol solution for 15min, volatilizing ethanol, adding deionized water to 70% of original volume to obtain extractive solution B, then according to the rare earth denitration base catalyst: adding the rare earth denitration catalyst into the extracting solution B according to the volume ratio of 5:190, reacting for 1h at 97 ℃ under the mixed atmosphere of 1.2MPa and the hydrogen-nitrogen ratio of 5:3, stirring and centrifuging, then cooling to 25 deg.C at 4 deg.C/s, filtering with macroporous adsorbent resin column at flow rate 1.5 times of column volume, and concentrating under pressure to 25% of original volume to obtain radix astragali extractive solution. The radix astragali extractive solution prepared by the method has high extraction purity, no impurity, and good use effect.
The yeast extract is prepared by activating yeast to obtain yeast suspension; and heating the yeast suspension to 39 ℃, applying a 20kV/cm pulsed electric field, and treating for 15min to obtain a yeast extract. The yeast extract prepared by the method has high purity and good yeast activity.
As shown in fig. 2, the stem leaf landfill spraying device in the above examples 2 to 5 is composed of an outer shell 1, an inner sphere 2, a primary rotating ring 3, a secondary rotating ring 4 and a spraying head 9; the upper end and the lower end of the first-stage rotating ring 3 are respectively connected with the inner wall of the outer shell 1 through a first-stage motor 5, the left end and the right end of the second-stage rotating ring 4 are respectively connected with the first-stage rotating ring 3 through a second-stage motor 6, the upper end and the lower end of the inner sphere 2 are respectively connected with the second-stage rotating ring 4 through an inner sphere motor 7, the left end of the upper top surface of the outer shell 1 is provided with a liquid injection port 11, the right end of the lower bottom surface of the outer shell 1 is provided with a liquid outlet pump 12, the liquid outlet pump 12 is connected with a sprinkler head 9 through a telescopic connecting pipe 91, the inner wall of the; the telescopic stirrer 8 comprises a base 81, telescopic rods 82 and stirring blades 83, the lower ends of the telescopic rods 82 are connected with the base 81 in a telescopic mode, the stirring blades 83 are provided with multiple groups, and the stirring blades are arranged at the upper ends of the telescopic rods 82 at equal intervals.
The stem leaf landfill agent spraying device comprises a liquid injection port 11, a plurality of inlet and outlet 21 on the inner wall of an inner ball body, a first-stage motor 5, a second-stage motor 6, a second-stage rotating ring 4, an inner ball body motor 7, a first-stage motor 5, a second-stage motor 6, a third-stage motor, a fourth; the telescopic connecting pipe 91 is stretched by the action of the liquid outlet pump 12, and the spraying head 9 is used for spraying in the ditch.
In order to better verify the stages and the length of the cut stem leaves, 2-year-old astragalus membranaceus artificially cultured in nye, Shenxiangzi, Yangzhou, Xinzhou, Shanxi province is taken as a research material, according to the theory of stress effect of secondary metabolism of plants and the application principle of green manure, the stem leaves 1/4, 1/3 and 1/2 are cut on the ground and returned to the field in the flowering stage, the fruit ripening stage and the leaf falling stage respectively, and the influence of stem leaf returning on the growth of the astragalus membranaceus, the content accumulation of three effective components of total flavonoids, polysaccharides and saponins and the economic yield of the astragalus membranaceus is researched by combining field measurement and indoor analysis, so that the stem leaf returning amount and the cutting time which can effectively improve the yield and the quality of the astragalus membranaceus are screened.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1 design of the experiment
The astragalus root used for the test is a 2-year-old seedling artificially planted in the nyu Shenxiang Anziliancun in Jingle county and is carried out in 2017 from 5 months to 10 months. The experiment was designed using a fully randomized block, 3 replicates. The stem and leaf cutting amount was set to 3 treatments, i.e., the cut overground parts 1/4, 1/3, 1/2 were turned over and pressed into the soil for the flowering period (6 months, 18 days), the fruit ripening period (7 months, 17 days), and the defoliation period (9 months, 10 days), respectively, as detailed in table 1. Ditching between radix astragali rows to a depth of about 25cm, cutting stem and leaf into 3cm pieces, turning and pressing into ditch, and covering with soil.
TABLE 1 Stem leaf shearing treatment
Sampling every 15 days after cutting stem leaves, selecting plants with consistent overground parts for sampling, respectively taking 10 astragalus membranaceus and 3 parts of soil for each treatment, marking the samples, and then putting the samples into a self-sealing bag to be brought back to a laboratory for measuring root biomass (root length, root diameter and dry weight), effective component content (saponin, flavone and polysaccharide) and astragalus membranaceus economic yield.
2 measurement method
2.1 bioassay
Cleaning soil at the root of the plant, wiping the soil clean by using distilled water, measuring the height and the length of the plant by using a ruler, measuring the root diameter by using a vernier caliper, and measuring the fresh weight of the root of each plant; then the roots are bagged and put into a blast drying oven for deactivation of enzymes for 30min at 105 ℃, then the roots are dried to constant weight at 70 ℃, and the biomass of the roots is measured and recorded as dry weight.
2.2 measurement of three effective ingredients
Pulverizing the dried root sample with a pulverizer, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve for measuring three effective components.
And (3) determination of polysaccharide: the content was calculated by substituting the linear equation Y of 77.846X +0.0025 (R2 of 0.9967) into a phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method using anhydrous glucose as a control to prepare a calibration curve.
Determination of total flavonoids: rutin is used as a reference substance, and the content is calculated by measuring by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and substituting an equation Y of 7.7186X-0.0088 (R2 of 0.9987).
Determination of total saponins: astragaloside IV is used as a reference substance, and the equation is calculated as Y-14.073X +0.0071 (R2-0.9922) by adopting a vanillin-glacial acetic acid colorimetric method.
2.3 calculation of economic yield of Astragalus
Economic yield of radix astragali is equal to content of effective components and dry weight of biomass
3 results of the test
3.1 Effect of Stem and leaf shearing on Astragalus Biomass
TABLE 2 Biomass of Astragalus membranaceus under different shearing treatments
Note: lower case letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
As shown in Table 2, the stem and leaf shearing and turning pressure treatment has a significant effect on the growth amount and biomass of the astragalus membranaceus (P is less than 0.05). In general, after shearing and rolling at each period, the plant height and root elongation growth of astragalus are inhibited compared with the control, but compared with each treatment, the plant height of the astragalus is higher after the stem and leaf 1/3(A5) is sheared at the fruit stage and the stem and leaf 1/4(A7) is sheared at the leaf-falling stage than that of other treatments; the elongation growth of roots is promoted by cutting 1/2(A3) in the flowering stage and cutting 1/4 and 1/3(A4 and A5) in the fruit ripening stage. The flowering and fruit-ripening shearing 1/3(A2, A5) and the deciduous cutting 1/4(A7) are beneficial to the thickening growth of roots, and are remarkably increased by 6.92%, 16.88% and 13.1% compared with a control, and the thicknesses of other treated roots are lower than that of the control. Effects on root dry weight, A5 and A7 treatments were higher than controls and significantly different from other treatments, indicating a significant effect of cut stem leaves on the accumulation of dry matter in radix astragali roots (P < 0.05). By combining the results, the growth of astragalus membranaceus and the accumulation of biomass can be effectively promoted by selecting a proper stem and leaf shearing period and a proper rolling pressure, and the biomass accumulation directly influences the yield of later-period medicinal materials, particularly the effects of A5 (the cut stem and leaf 1/3 in the fruit maturing stage) and A7 (the cut stem and leaf 1/4 in the leaf falling stage) are obvious.
3.2 Effect of stem and leaf shearing on the accumulation of effective ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus
As can be seen from Table 3, the stem and leaf cutting and pressure-turning treatment is beneficial to the synthesis of three effective components of flavone, polysaccharide and saponin of radix astragali, and the accumulation amount in roots is remarkably (P is less than 0.05) or extremely remarkably (P is less than 0.01) higher than that of a control. Under different shearing amount treatment in different periods, the flavone content is improved by 18.15-70.54 percent compared with the control, reaches a very significant level (P is less than 0.01), and particularly has obvious effects on A1 (cut stem and leaf 1/4 in flowering period), A4 (cut stem and leaf 1/4 in mature period of fruit) and A5 (cut stem and leaf 1/3 in mature period of fruit). The influence on the polysaccharide shows that except for the treatment of A3 (cut stem and leaf 1/2 in the flowering period), the other treatments all remarkably improve the content of the polysaccharide in roots and improve the content by 15.5-110% compared with a control, wherein the content of the polysaccharide after the treatment of A2 (cut stem and leaf 1/3 in the flowering period), A8 (cut 1/3 in the leaf fall period) and A7 (cut 1/4 in the leaf fall period) is respectively 2.1, 2.09 and 1.92 times of that of the control. The shearing treatment in the flowering period and the deciduous period is not beneficial to the synthesis of saponin, the content of the saponin reaches 1.160 percent after the stems and leaves of 1/3(A5) and 1/2(A6) are sheared in the fruit maturity period, the content is far higher than the content specified in pharmacopeia, the content is increased by 11.54 percent compared with a control, and the extremely significant level is reached. By combining the analysis, the accumulation of three effective components is affected differently by different shearing amounts and shearing time, and the method can be applied to the oriented culture of the astragalus membranaceus quality.
TABLE 3 content of effective components of Astragalus membranaceus under different shearing treatments
Note: lower case letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) and upper case letters indicate very significant differences (P < 0.01)
3.3 Effect of Stem and leaf shearing on economic yield of Astragalus
More attention is paid to economic yield, namely the product of the content of the effective components of a single plant and the dry weight of root biomass in the production of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Under the natural growth state, the content of the single plant saponin of the root of the astragalus is 53.42mg, the content of the polysaccharide is 20.54mg and the content of the flavone is 17.21mg (figure 1). After stem and leaf shearing and pressure-turning treatment, the contents of flavone and polysaccharide of single astragalus are improved after shearing and pressure-turning 1/4 and 1/3 at each period, the economic yield of flavone is improved by 66.86% when A5 (stem and leaf shearing 1/3 at the fruit mature period) is treated compared with a control, and the economic yield of flavone is improved by 51.74% when A1 (stem and leaf shearing 1/4 at the flowering period) is treated; the economic yield of polysaccharide, treatment a7 (defoliation stage shearing 1/4) increased 96.59% over control, followed by a5 increase 85.37%. The saponin yield of each treatment was reduced compared to the majority of the controls, with only treatments a5 and a7 increasing by 24.53% and 6.37%, respectively. By combining the economic yield of three effective components of astragalus, the yield and quality of astragalus can be effectively improved by the two treatments of the cut stem leaves 1/3 in the fruit maturity stage and the cut stem leaves 1/4 in the leaf fall stage, and the best effect is achieved especially when the cut stem leaves 1/3 in the fruit maturity stage.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An ecological planting method for returning astragalus stems and leaves to fields is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting land, preparing land, sowing and managing the field according to the conventional method;
(2) after turning green in spring, the astragalus grows in the seedling stage, enters the flowering stage, reaches the fruit ripening stage in the middle ten days of 7 months, ditches are opened among rows, the depth is 25cm, and overground stem leaves 1/3 are cut into 3cm small segments and are turned and pressed in the ditches; uniformly spraying the stem leaf embedding agent into the ditch by using a stem leaf embedding agent spraying device, spraying for 1 time every 7 days, and spraying for 0.8-1.5L/m every time2Spraying 3 times;
wherein the stem leaf landfill agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7-9 parts of red wine, 3-4 parts of citric acid, 0.2-0.5 part of yeast extract, 5-10 parts of radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide b, 1-2 parts of soybean isoflavone, 4-8 parts of astragalus extract, 2-3 parts of diatomite, 1-2 parts of banana peel powder, 0.5-0.8 part of ferrous sulfate and 0.3-0.4 part of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate;
the stem leaf landfill agent is prepared by the steps of S1, mixing red wine, citric acid and soybean isoflavone, adding 8-10 times of deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic mixing treatment for 4-6 hours, and irradiating ultraviolet rays for 10-45 seconds to obtain a mixed solution A; s2, mixing the yeast extract, the radix pseudostellariae cyclic peptide B and ferrous sulfate, adding 2-4 times of deionized water by weight, heating to 43 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping the temperature, stirring for 5-15 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a mixed solution B; s3, performing resonance mixing on diatomite and banana peel powder after heat preservation is performed for 3-7 min at the temperature of 25-80 ℃, adding an astragalus extract to obtain a mixed solution C, wherein the resonance frequency of the resonance mixing is 210Hz, the resonance amplitude is 12mm, and steady-state mixing and unsteady-state mixing are performed according to the resonance frequency and the resonance amplitude, wherein the steady-state mixing time is (50-260S)/100 g, and the unsteady-state mixing time is (180-580S)/100 g; s4, placing the mixed solution A, the mixed solution B and the mixed solution C in an alternating electric field with the frequency of 40kHz and the field intensity amplitude of 200kV/m, treating for 5-8 min, continuously stirring, after stirring, dropping dipotassium glycyrrhizinate after the temperature of a mixing container is reduced to 20 ℃, and magnetically stirring for 5-10 min to obtain a stem leaf landfill agent;
the stem leaf landfill agent spraying device consists of an outer shell (1), an inner sphere (2), a primary rotating ring (3), a secondary rotating ring (4), a primary motor (5), a secondary motor (6), an inner sphere motor (7), a telescopic stirrer (8), a spraying head (9) and a liquid outlet pump (12); the upper end and the lower end of the first-stage rotating ring (3) are respectively connected with the inner wall of the outer shell (1) through a first-stage motor (5), the left end and the right end of the second-stage rotating ring (4) are respectively connected with the first-stage rotating ring (3) through a second-stage motor (6), the upper end and the lower end of the inner sphere (2) are respectively connected with the second-stage rotating ring (4) through an inner sphere motor (7), the left end of the upper top surface of the outer shell (1) is provided with a liquid injection port (11), the right end of the lower bottom surface of the outer shell (1) is provided with a liquid outlet pump (12), the liquid outlet pump (12) is connected with a spray head (9) through a telescopic connecting pipe (91), the inner wall of the inner sphere (2) is uniformly provided with a plurality of telescopic stirr; the telescopic stirrer (8) consists of a base (81), telescopic rods (82) and stirring blades (83), the lower ends of the telescopic rods (82) are telescopically connected with the base (81), and a plurality of groups of stirring blades (83) are arranged at the upper ends of the telescopic rods (82) at equal intervals;
(3) and then covering soil, and performing conventional field management until harvesting.
2. The ecological planting method of claim 1, wherein the astragalus membranaceus stem and leaf returning ecological planting method is characterized in that astragalus membranaceus is placed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine containing 0.4-0.6% of sodium bicarbonate solution and cleaned for 10-20 min under the conditions of 140-210W and 32-38 kHz, drained, dried in vacuum microwave mode, placed in a micronizer and crushed to 30-50 meshes, then added into deionized water with the weight being 20-25 times that of the astragalus membranaceus, soaked for 2-3 h at 76-92 ℃ to obtain an extract A, the extract A is extracted for 15-25 min by using ethanol solution with the weight being 3-5 times that of the extract A, deionized water is added after ethanol is volatilized to supplement 70% of the original volume to obtain an extract B, then a rare earth denitration catalyst is added into the extract B according to the volume ratio of the rare earth denitration catalyst to the extract B =5:190, and reacted for 1-2 h under the mixed atmosphere of 97-131 ℃, 1.2-1.8 MPa and the hydrogen-nitrogen ratio of 5:3, stirring and centrifuging, then cooling to 25-32 ℃ at the speed of 4-6 ℃/s, filtering by a macroporous adsorption resin column at the flow rate of 1.5-4 times of the column volume, and concentrating under pressure to 25-35% of the original volume to obtain the astragalus mongholicus extracting solution.
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