CN115643993A - Salt-reducing and fertilizing method for coastal saline soil - Google Patents
Salt-reducing and fertilizing method for coastal saline soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN115643993A CN115643993A CN202211406481.7A CN202211406481A CN115643993A CN 115643993 A CN115643993 A CN 115643993A CN 202211406481 A CN202211406481 A CN 202211406481A CN 115643993 A CN115643993 A CN 115643993A
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
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Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for salt reduction and fertility improvement of coastal saline soil, which comprises the steps of planting rice in summer, and stacking rice straws and livestock manure as feeds in a harvested rice field to form an earthworm bed for earthworm cultivation after the rice is harvested; harvesting 1/2-2/3 of earthworms in one month before the rice is planted, and turning the rest earthworms, the earthworm bed and the earthworm feces into coastal saline soil for improvement. According to the technical scheme, a set of efficient ecological soil improvement mode is provided according to the rice field planting and earthworm growth and breeding rules and by combining the demand of salt reduction and fertilization of coastal saline soil, and field experiments show that the method has the advantages of high economic and ecological benefits, simplicity and convenience in management, easiness in mastering of technical operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a salt-reducing and fertilizing method for coastal saline soil.
Background
The coastal saline soil has the advantages that the effectiveness and the conversion efficiency of soil nutrients are limited due to too high salinity, so that the crop yield is reduced, and therefore, the development of the comprehensive utilization of the coastal saline-alkali soil has important strategic significance for guaranteeing national food safety. The rice planting is generally considered as one of effective methods for improving coastal saline soil, and the salt content of surface soil can be reduced through the leaching action of a water layer on the soil, so that the pH value and the physicochemical property of the saline soil are improved.
Returning rice straws to the field is used as a practical protective farming technology, and is widely applied and popularized in China at present. The crop straw fragments are considered to be one of the best food sources for earthworms, and livestock and poultry manure is added when the straws of the rice field are returned to the field, so that the conversion of organic materials to soil organic carbon can be accelerated by the aid of earthworm treatment. On one hand, earthworms directly contribute to the decomposition of organic materials such as straws and the like through a series of activities such as crushing, digestion, respiration, excretion and the like; on the other hand, earthworms can also change the soil environment by predation, thereby influencing the population dynamics of other indigenous soil organisms and indirectly contributing to the decomposition of organic materials.
The in-situ treatment of the rice field straw earthworms can not only improve the soil fertility, but also obtain a series of earthworm products, namely earthworm bodies and earthworm feces. The earthworm is rich in nutrition, protein, fat and various trace elements, and is a high-quality raw material of various feeds. In recent years, the demand for earthworms is increasing, and the market prospect is huge. The wormcast is a good decomposed organic fertilizer, is also soil with a granular structure, and has a good promotion effect on restoration and improvement of coastal saline soil and growth and development of crops. Therefore, the development of the rice field for breeding the earthworms can obtain remarkable ecological and economic benefits.
Currently, the practice of ectopically culturing earthworms by using organic wastes at home and abroad is more, such as an earthworm culturing method (CN 201310047641.8), indoor three-dimensional assembled earthworm culturing equipment (CN 201410242718.1) and the like, or in-situ earthworm culturing but in an intercropping mode, such as a method for culturing earthworms by crop straws and interplanting corns (CN 201210158112.0) and the like, researches on soil improvement and the like of earthworms are mainly focused on a theoretical level, but the practice of carrying out combination of in-situ treatment of wastes such as straws and the like of earthworms in farmlands and applying the wastes to coastal saline soil remediation is less.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method for salt reduction and fertilization of coastal saline soil. The invention establishes a technical mode combining rice planting, earthworm cultivation paddy-upland rotation and in-situ decomposition of livestock manure, straw and other wastes, solves the problems of low soil productivity and poor soil formation structure of coastal saline soil by the investment of decomposed organic matters, earthworms and earthworm manure, can also fully utilize cultivated land resources to cultivate earthworms to increase economic benefits and improve the ecological environment of farmlands, has the advantages of good improvement effect and high economic benefits of coastal saline soil, and is used for solving the problems in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for salt reduction and fertilization of coastal saline soil, which comprises the steps of planting rice in summer, and after harvesting the rice, stacking rice straws and livestock manure as feed in a harvested rice field to form an earthworm bed for earthworm cultivation; harvesting 1/2-2/3 amount of earthworms one month before the rice is planted, and turning the rest earthworms, the earthworm bed and the earthworm feces into coastal saline soil for improvement.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the livestock manure to the rice straws in the earthworm bed is more than or equal to 1.
More preferably, the livestock manure is cow manure or pig manure after dry-wet separation.
Preferably, the earthworm bed can contain mushroom dregs and vegetable wastes, and the addition amount of the mushroom dregs and the vegetable wastes is not more than 1/2 of the addition amount of the livestock and poultry manure. The length of the added mushroom residue and vegetable waste is below 1 cm.
Preferably, the earthworm seedlings are put on the earthworm bed.
Preferably, when the livestock and poultry manure is pig manure, the earthworm bed is fermented and decomposed before earthworm seedlings are put in. The fermentation and decomposition time of the pig manure is 20-30 days.
Preferably, the earthworm beds are stacked into a ridge shape with a trapezoidal cross section, and the bevel edge is sawtooth-shaped.
Preferably, the height of the earthworm bed is 0.2 m-0.5 m.
Preferably, the upper bottom edge of the trapezoid in the earthworm bed is 1 m-1.2 m.
Preferably, the lower bottom edge of the trapezoid in the earthworm bed is 2 m-2.5 m.
Preferably, the length of the earthworm bed is 60-80 m.
More preferably, drainage ditches are arranged on two sides of the earthworm bed, and the width of each drainage ditch is 20cm-30cm. Preferably, a pedestrian passageway is arranged between the two ridges of earthworm beds. Preferably, the width of the walkway is 1.5m-2m.
More preferably, the earthworm bed is covered with a film. To increase the temperature.
Preferably, a shed frame is built on the earthworm bed and is covered by a sunshade net.
Preferably, 25kg-100kg of earthworm seedlings are put into each earthworm bed.
Preferably, the humidity of the earthworm bed is 55-65%, and the temperature is not lower than 10 ℃.
More preferably, when the height of the earthworm bed is reduced by 1/5, fresh feed of 5cm-10cm is added.
Preferably, earthworms are harvested in the earthworm bed in an amount of about 1/2-2/3 of the amount of the earthworms in one month before the rice is planted, and the remaining earthworms are reserved for nutrient activation and soil physical structure improvement of soil.
Preferably, when the earthworms are harvested, the rest earthworms, the earthworm bed and the earthworm cast are turned into coastal saline soil for fertilization and improvement.
According to the method for salt reduction and fertilization of the coastal saline soil, the problems of low soil productivity and poor soil formation structure of the coastal saline soil are solved through the investment of decomposed organic matters, earthworms and earthworm excrement, the economic benefit can be increased by fully utilizing farmland resources to breed the earthworms, the ecological environment of a farmland is improved, and field tests show that the method has the advantages of good improvement effect and high economic benefit of the coastal saline soil, simplicity and convenience in management, easiness in mastering of technical operation and the like.
Specifically, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are embodied in the following aspects:
(1) The management is convenient: the earthworm bed is simple and convenient to set, only rice straws, livestock and poultry manure, mushroom residues, vegetable wastes and the like are needed to be built into a ridge, earthworm seedlings are placed on the ridge, the remaining earthworms, the earthworm bed and the earthworm manure are turned into farmland soil one month before rice planting, and the technical operation is easy to master.
(2) The earthworm bed has reasonable design: the earthworm bed is characterized by ridge shape and drainage ditches arranged at two sides. The water accumulation on the ridge surface can be prevented during rainfall, and the earthworms are prevented from being flooded by water; the earthworm bed is covered with a film to increase the temperature, a shed frame is built and covered by a sunshade net, so that the temperature of the earthworm growth environment is prevented from being too high or too low, and the production efficiency is improved.
(3) The economic benefit is good: the net profit of earthworm cultivation in each mu of rice field can reach 3000-4000 yuan.
(4) The ecological benefit is good: because the earthworms are cultivated in the rice field, the residual agricultural wastes and the earthworm casts are turned into the rice field, and the salt reduction and fertilization are added through the organic decomposed substances and the earthworm casts, so that the salt content of the soil can be reduced, the soil is loosened, the soil fertility is increased, and the ecological benefit of soil improvement is better.
Detailed Description
Before the present embodiments are further described, it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments described below; it is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Test methods in which specific conditions are not specified in the following examples are generally carried out under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the respective manufacturers.
When numerical ranges are given in the examples, it is understood that both endpoints of each of the numerical ranges and any value therebetween can be selected unless the invention otherwise indicated. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In addition to the specific methods, devices, and materials used in the examples, any methods, devices, and materials similar or equivalent to those described in the examples may be used in the practice of the invention in addition to the specific methods, devices, and materials used in the examples, in keeping with the knowledge of one skilled in the art and with the description of the invention.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
After the rice is harvested, an earthworm bed consisting of rice straws and livestock and poultry manure (mushroom dregs and vegetable wastes) is stacked in the rice field for fermentation to breed earthworms, the earthworm bed comprises the components of the rice straws and the pig manure, and a proper amount of mushroom dregs and vegetable wastes can be selectively stacked on the earthworm bed. The earthworms are stacked in a trapezoidal shape, the stacking height is 0.4m, the width of the upper opening of the wide edge is 1.2m, the width of the lower opening of the wide edge is 2.5m, and the length of the long edge of the wide edge is 80m. Drainage ditches are arranged on two sides of the water tank, and the width of each drainage ditch is 30cm. The width of the pedestrian passageway between two ridges is 1.5m. And (3) building an earthworm bed after harvesting the rice, fermenting and decomposing for 25d, and then breeding the earthworms. The earthworm beds are all covered by a film to increase the temperature, and a shed frame is built on the earthworm beds and covered by a sunshade net to increase the temperature in winter and keep out of the sun in summer. When seedlings are thrown, 75kg of earthworm seedlings are thrown in each earthworm bed. In the breeding process, the humidity of the earthworm bed is kept between 55 percent and 65 percent, and the temperature is not lower than 10 ℃. In the breeding process, after the earthworm bed is obviously reduced, fresh feed with the thickness of 5cm-10cm is added. The earthworms with the amount of 1/2 are harvested by adopting an optical drive method before the rice is planted, and the rest earthworms, the earthworm bed and the earthworm feces are turned into a rice field.
Different proportions of the straws and the pig manure of the earthworm bed are set, and the influence of the proportions on the growth of the earthworms is analyzed. The growth of earthworms is greatly influenced by the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the feed. As can be seen from table 1, the straw/pig manure ratios are 40, 30, 20, 80 and 50, and the maximum weight gain of earthworms can reach 9.2, 8.8, 8.6 and 8.3. When the ratio of the straws is less than 20% or more than 50%, the weight of the earthworms is obviously reduced. Especially, the weight gain is reduced to be below 4 after the straw ratio exceeds 50 percent. Therefore, when the straw proportion is 20-50% and the pig manure proportion is 50-80%, the weight increasing effect of the earthworms is optimal.
TABLE 1 influence of different earthworm bed straw/pig manure ratios on earthworm growth
Note: different letters after the same column of data indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05)
Compared with the rice-earthworm mode and the rice green manure (broad bean) rotation mode, the rice-earthworm mode disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the influence on the physicochemical properties of the coastal saline soil is compared (table 2), the rice-earthworm mode obviously improves soil organic matters, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium, is respectively 16.7%, 10.9% and 13.0% higher than the rice green manure mode, the pH value and the soil EC are also obviously reduced, the pH value and the soil EC are respectively reduced by 0.34 unit and 13.3%, and the ecological benefit is obvious.
TABLE 2 influence of different technical modes on the physicochemical properties of the soil
Note: different letters after the same column of data indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05)
Comparing the economic benefits of the rice-earthworm mode and the rice green manure mode (table 3), although the total expenditure of the rice-earthworm mode is respectively 423.36% higher, the total expenditure of the rice-earthworm mode is also 315.93% higher in net income. On the one hand, the net gain is mainly due to the production of earthworms, which greatly increases the economic benefit. On the other hand, in the rice earthworm mode, earthworms, earthworm cast and completely fermented agricultural wastes are returned to the field, so that the soil is fertilized, the coastal saline soil is improved, the yield of rice is increased to a certain extent, and the income is increased.
TABLE 3 economic benefits for different models
| Crop rotation mode | Total expenditure (Yuan/mu) | Net income (Yuan/mu) |
| Rice-green manure (broad bean) | 1070b | 1130b |
| Rice-earthworm | 5600a | 4700a |
Note: the patch comprises 330 yuan/mu of green manure planting; different letters after the same column of data indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05)
In conclusion, the method for salt reduction and fertilization of the coastal saline soil provided by the invention establishes a technical mode combining rice planting, earthworm cultivation, paddy-upland rotation and in-situ decomposition of wastes such as livestock manure, straw and the like, not only solves the problems of low coastal saline soil productivity and poor soil formation structure through the investment of decomposed organic matters, earthworms and earthworm manure, but also can fully utilize cultivated land resources to cultivate earthworms to increase economic benefits and improve ecological environment of farmlands, has the advantages of good coastal saline soil improvement effect and high economic benefits, and is used for solving the problems in the prior art. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for salt reduction and fertilization of coastal saline soil is characterized in that rice is planted in summer, and after the rice is harvested, rice straws and livestock manure are used as feed and stacked in a harvested rice field to form an earthworm bed for earthworm cultivation; harvesting 1/2-2/3 amount of earthworms one month before the rice is planted, and turning the rest earthworms, the earthworm bed and the earthworm feces into coastal saline soil for improvement.
2. The method for salt reduction and fertilization of the coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the livestock manure to the rice straw in the earthworm bed is greater than or equal to 1.
3. The method for salt reduction and fertilization by utilizing coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the livestock manure is pig manure, the earthworm bed is fermented and decomposed before earthworm seedlings are put in, and the fermentation and decomposition time of the pig manure is 20-30 days.
4. The method for salt reduction and fertilization of the coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the earthworm beds are stacked in a ridge shape with a trapezoidal cross section and a sawtooth-shaped bevel edge.
5. The method for salt reduction and fertilization of the coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 4, wherein the height of the earthworm bed is 0.2-0.5 m, the upper bottom edge of the trapezoid in the earthworm bed is 1-1.2 m, the lower bottom edge of the trapezoid in the earthworm bed is 2-2.5 m, and the ridge length of the earthworm bed is 60-80 m.
6. The method for salt reduction and fertilization of the coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 5, wherein 25kg-100kg of earthworm seedlings are put in each earthworm bed.
7. The method for salt reduction and fertilization of the coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein drainage ditches are arranged on two sides of the earthworm bed, and the width of each drainage ditch is 20cm-30cm;
a pedestrian passage is arranged between the two earthworm beds, and the width of the pedestrian passage is 1.5m-2m.
8. The method for salt-reducing and fertilizing the coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the earthworm bed is covered with a film;
a shed frame is built on the earthworm bed and is covered by a sunshade net.
9. The method for salt reduction and fertilization of coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moisture of the earthworm bed is 55% -65%, and the temperature is not lower than 10 ℃.
10. The method for salt reduction and fertilization of the coastal saline soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein fresh feed of 5-10 cm is added when the height of the earthworm bed is reduced by 1/5.
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| CN202211406481.7A CN115643993A (en) | 2022-11-10 | 2022-11-10 | Salt-reducing and fertilizing method for coastal saline soil |
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| US20120234244A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-09-20 | Miguel Jardine | System and method for continuous vermiculture cycle |
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