CN113943182A - Turning and throwing strip stacking and composting process - Google Patents

Turning and throwing strip stacking and composting process Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN113943182A
CN113943182A CN202111269900.2A CN202111269900A CN113943182A CN 113943182 A CN113943182 A CN 113943182A CN 202111269900 A CN202111269900 A CN 202111269900A CN 113943182 A CN113943182 A CN 113943182A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
turning
compost
organic
composting
materials
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202111269900.2A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张伟峰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhuji Hailiang Logistics Service Co ltd
Original Assignee
Zhuji Hailiang Logistics Service Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhuji Hailiang Logistics Service Co ltd filed Critical Zhuji Hailiang Logistics Service Co ltd
Priority to CN202111269900.2A priority Critical patent/CN113943182A/en
Publication of CN113943182A publication Critical patent/CN113943182A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/80Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/60Heating or cooling during the treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/70Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12Granules or flakes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of compost, and provides a turning and throwing strip pile fertilizer stacking process, which comprises the following steps: (1) removing impurities and crushing: removing impurities from the organic materials, and then crushing; (2) mixing materials: mixing the organic material treated in the step (1) with an organic decomposing agent and urea in proportion to obtain a mixed material; (3) stacking: stacking the mixed materials to form a stack body; (4) composting and fermenting; (5) composting and decomposing; in the step (4), the compost is turned and thrown in the composting fermentation process. The invention applies turning in the composting technology, fully mixes the core part of the heap body and the outer layer material by using the turning to accelerate the fermentation process, and simultaneously can move the wild grass seeds, bacteria, larvae and the like on the outer layer of the heap body to the high-temperature area in the heap body to enhance the killing effect; on the other hand, the temperature of the compost can be reasonably regulated and controlled by turning and throwing, so that the temperature of the compost is in a proper temperature range, and the quality and the effect of the compost are ensured.

Description

Turning and throwing strip stacking and composting process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of compost, and particularly relates to a turning and throwing strip pile compost process and a turning and throwing strip pile compost pile.
Background
The compost is an organic fertilizer which is made by composting and decomposing various organic wastes (such as crop straws, weeds, leaves, peat, 00 organic domestic wastes, kitchen wastes, sludge, human and animal excreta, vinasse, mushroom bran and other wastes) serving as main raw materials. At present, a strip-pile type composting technology is commonly used, and in the prior art, the composting process flow is generally as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly, burdening, namely, configuring and processing raw materials according to different materials, then, arranging a ventilation hole channel, stacking the materials on a stacking field, and after stacking, managing after stacking until the materials are thoroughly decomposed. The prior conventional composting technology mainly has the following defects: (1) the management effect after piling is poor, and the killing effect of wild grass seeds, bacteria, larvae and the like in the materials is poor; (2) the temperature of the compost is difficult to maintain in a reasonable composting temperature range, the temperature which can not meet the composting requirement is too low, and the composting effect is easily influenced if the temperature is too high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a turning and throwing strip stacking and composting process, which aims to solve the technical problems that the composting technology in the prior art is poor in management effect after stacking, poor in killing effect of wild grass seeds, bacteria, larvae and the like in materials, difficult in maintaining the temperature of the compost within a reasonable composting temperature range and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a turning and throwing strip stack fertilizer stacking process comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities and crushing: removing impurities from the organic materials, and then crushing;
(2) mixing materials: mixing the organic material treated in the step (1) with an organic decomposing agent and urea in proportion to obtain a mixed material;
(3) stacking: stacking the mixed materials to form a stack body;
(4) composting and fermenting;
(5) composting and decomposing;
further, in the step (4), in the compost fermentation process, the compost is turned in the following manner: turning at the initial stage of compost fermentation, when the temperature of a compost reaches 55-60 ℃, and turning according to a set turning frequency; when the temperature of the stack is more than 60 ℃, the stack is cooled by turning; and if the temperature of the stack is lower than 45 ℃, turning and uniformly mixing.
Further, in the step (2), the ratio of the organic materials, the organic decomposing inoculant and the urea is 1000:1:5 in parts by weight.
Further, in the step (2), the water content of the mixed material is 60-65%.
Further, the compost fermentation period in the step (4) is 3-9 weeks.
Further, the turning frequency in the step (4) is 1-2 days in summer.
Further, in the step (4), the turning frequency is gradually reduced according to the ambient temperature, the oxygen concentration and the smell.
Further, when the compost is thoroughly decomposed in the step (5), the color of the crop straw is black brown to dark brown, the straw is soft or is mixed into a whole, plant residues are not obvious, the compost is held by hands to extrude juice, and the obtained juice is colorless and odorless after being filtered.
Further, the method also comprises granulation, and the steps are as follows:
(6) storing the composted raw materials for one day, and then drying, crushing and screening the composted raw materials;
(7) adding inorganic nutrients, concentrated organic matters and trace element minerals, and mixing uniformly;
(8) conveying to a granulator for granulation.
Further, in the step (8), an extrusion type granulator is adopted as the granulator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention applies a unique turning and throwing technology to the composting technology, fully mixes the core part of the compost body and the outer layer materials by turning and throwing to accelerate the fermentation process, and simultaneously can move the wild grass seeds, bacteria, larvae and the like on the outer layer of the compost body to a high-temperature area in the compost body to enhance the killing effect; on the other hand, the temperature of the compost can be reasonably regulated and controlled by turning and throwing, so that the temperature of the compost is in a proper temperature range, and the quality and the effect of the compost are ensured.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will more clearly understand and appreciate the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the examples. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used for explaining the present invention, and it is convenient to understand that the technical solutions provided by the present invention are not limited to the technical solutions provided by the following embodiments, and the technical solutions provided by the embodiments should not limit the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The embodiment provides a turning and throwing strip pile composting process, which combines a unique turning and throwing technology with a composting technology so as to solve the problems of poor killing effect and poor management after piling of the traditional composting process.
The specific process flow of the turning and throwing strip stack fertilizer stacking process in the embodiment is as follows:
firstly, impurity removal and crushing: organic materials (dry branches and fallen leaves, weeds, straws, bean cakes and the like) are crushed after being subjected to impurity removal.
Secondly, mixing materials: mixing the crushed organic material, the organic decomposing agent and the urea according to the weight part ratio of 1000:1:5, such as: 1 kg of decomposing agent (such as '301' microbial inoculum, procymidone, chemical ripener, 'HEM' microbial inoculum, ferment bacteria and the like) is added into 1 ton of organic material, 5 kg of urea (crushed or formed into water) is added to meet nitrogen required by microbial fermentation, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio is 20-30) is reasonably adjusted. The added substances are fully crushed and fully mixed in a stirrer, and the water content of the raw materials is 60-65 percent after treatment (generally, the materials are held by hands and liquid drops are dropped out).
Thirdly, stacking: stacking the mixed materials to form a stack body, wherein the stack body is generally a narrow strip with the width of 3-6 meters and the height of 1-3.6 meters, and the stack width mainly depends on the size of a turner; the size of the heap and the concentration of oxygen within it depend on the porosity of the material, and a moist material with a higher specific gravity will have a smaller heap than a dry, loose material.
And fourthly, after the composting is finished, performing composting fermentation for 3-9 weeks, and then entering a post-maturity stage. In the stack fermentation period, stack turning treatment is carried out, and the turning treatment mode is as follows: turning at the initial stage of compost fermentation, when the temperature of a compost reaches 55-60 ℃, and turning according to a set turning frequency; when the temperature of the stack is more than 60 ℃, the stack is cooled by turning; if the temperature of the stack is lower than 45 ℃, uniformly mixing by turning and throwing; the turning frequency is once in 1-2 days in summer, and then the turning frequency is gradually reduced according to the environmental temperature, the oxygen concentration and the smell. It should be noted that: the core of the large pile is easy to lack oxygen, so that the large pile is required to be frequently turned and thrown, the pile body is too small to reach the temperature required by the compost, and further the purpose of reducing the quantity of bacteria and wild grass seeds is difficult to achieve through high temperature.
Fifthly, composting and decomposing; standard of maturity: the color of the crop straw is black brown to dark brown, the straw is soft or mixed into a group, plant residues are not obvious, the compost is held by hands to squeeze out juice, and the obtained juice is colorless and odorless after being filtered.
If the commercial fertilizer needs to be continuously manufactured, the decomposed material needs to be granulated, and the method comprises the following steps:
sixthly, storing the composted raw materials for one day, and then drying, crushing and screening the composted raw materials; the water content of the particles after the fertilizer is formed generally exceeds the index, and the particles need to be dried, the water content of the organic raw materials after fermentation is about 30-40%, the water content of the particles after granulation is generally between 15-20%, the quality index of the commercial fertilizer requires that the water content is lower than 14%, and the drying treatment is needed, so the drying process directly influences the yield, the quality and the energy consumption.
Seventhly, adding inorganic nutrients, concentrated organic matters and trace element minerals, and uniformly mixing; in the process of preparing the series of special functional fertilizers, inorganic nutrients, concentrated organic matters and trace element minerals are added according to different soil conditions and different crops, so that the fertilizers contain various nutrient elements required by plant growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, manganese, zinc, copper and the like.
Conveying to a granulator for granulation, preferably, adopting an extrusion granulator for the granulator; because the production of the biological fertilizer takes organic matters as main materials, the cellulose is more, the forming condition is poor, the living bacteria group with the fertilizer making function is added, the production process is not suitable for contacting high temperature, and the like, the disk granulation and the drum granulation methods are not suitable for being adopted on the material making mode, because the two processes require high grinding fineness of raw materials and high granulation water content, the water content generally reaches about 30 percent, the drying load is large, the effective bacteria loss is large, and the balling rate is low (about 60-70%), the dust is very big in the production process, the operating environment is very poor, so for the production of organic bio-fertilizer, the extrusion method should be better, the extrusion has low requirements for raw material crushing, the molding rate is high (more than 95%), the water content of the particles after opening is low, the drying load is very small, the loss of effective bacteria can be reduced, the dust is small, and the operating environment is better.
The fertilizer prepared by the process reaches the following standard, which is shown in the table I:
Figure BDA0003328369400000061
watch 1
The above description is the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that, the skilled in the art can make several modifications without departing from the design principle and technical scheme of the present invention, and these modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A process for turning and throwing a stack of strips to pile up fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) removing impurities and crushing: removing impurities from the organic materials, and then crushing;
(2) mixing materials: mixing the organic material treated in the step (1) with an organic decomposing agent and urea in proportion to obtain a mixed material;
(3) stacking: stacking the mixed materials to form a stack body;
(4) composting and fermenting;
(5) composting and decomposing;
in the step (4), the compost is turned in the compost fermentation process in the following manner: turning at the initial stage of compost fermentation, when the temperature of a compost reaches 55-60 ℃, and turning according to a set turning frequency; when the temperature of the stack is more than 60 ℃, the stack is cooled by turning; and if the temperature of the stack is lower than 45 ℃, turning and uniformly mixing.
2. The turning strip pile composting process of claim 1 wherein: in the step (2), the ratio of the organic materials, the organic decomposing inoculant and the urea is 1000:1:5 in parts by weight.
3. The turning strip pile composting process of claim 2 wherein: in the step (2), the water content of the mixed material is 60-65%.
4. The turning strip pile composting process of claim 3 wherein: the compost fermentation period in the step (4) is 3-9 weeks.
5. The turning strip pile composting process of claim 4 wherein: and (4) turning once in 1-2 days in summer.
6. The turning strip pile composting process of claim 5 wherein: in the step (4), the turning frequency is gradually reduced according to the ambient temperature, the oxygen concentration and the smell.
7. The turning strip pile composting process of claim 6 wherein: and (5) decomposing the compost in the step (5), wherein the color of the crop straw is black brown to dark brown, the straw is soft or is mixed into a cluster, plant residues are not obvious, the compost is held by hands to extrude juice, and the obtained juice is colorless and odorless after being filtered.
8. A turning strip pile composting process according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein: also comprises granulation, which comprises the following steps:
(6) storing the composted raw materials for one day, and then drying, crushing and screening the composted raw materials;
(7) adding inorganic nutrients, concentrated organic matters and trace element minerals, and mixing uniformly;
(8) conveying to a granulator for granulation.
9. The turning strip pile composting process of claim 8 wherein: in the step (8), the granulator is an extrusion granulator.
CN202111269900.2A 2021-10-29 2021-10-29 Turning and throwing strip stacking and composting process Pending CN113943182A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111269900.2A CN113943182A (en) 2021-10-29 2021-10-29 Turning and throwing strip stacking and composting process

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111269900.2A CN113943182A (en) 2021-10-29 2021-10-29 Turning and throwing strip stacking and composting process

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113943182A true CN113943182A (en) 2022-01-18

Family

ID=79337030

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202111269900.2A Pending CN113943182A (en) 2021-10-29 2021-10-29 Turning and throwing strip stacking and composting process

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN113943182A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114539000A (en) * 2022-02-28 2022-05-27 福州昌育农业开发有限公司 Efficient processing technology of water-soluble organic fertilizer

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103664255A (en) * 2012-09-03 2014-03-26 厦门绿标生物科技有限公司 Organic waste facultative aerobic fermentation composting treatment process
CN104163678A (en) * 2014-08-11 2014-11-26 六盘水宽林桐业有限公司 Production method of potassium-rich biofermented organic stockpile manure
CN109678592A (en) * 2018-12-25 2019-04-26 广东高龙环保科技有限公司 A kind of biological organic fertilizer production technology
CN110283008A (en) * 2019-08-07 2019-09-27 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 A kind of organic waste green compost method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103664255A (en) * 2012-09-03 2014-03-26 厦门绿标生物科技有限公司 Organic waste facultative aerobic fermentation composting treatment process
CN104163678A (en) * 2014-08-11 2014-11-26 六盘水宽林桐业有限公司 Production method of potassium-rich biofermented organic stockpile manure
CN109678592A (en) * 2018-12-25 2019-04-26 广东高龙环保科技有限公司 A kind of biological organic fertilizer production technology
CN110283008A (en) * 2019-08-07 2019-09-27 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 A kind of organic waste green compost method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114539000A (en) * 2022-02-28 2022-05-27 福州昌育农业开发有限公司 Efficient processing technology of water-soluble organic fertilizer

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN106754461B (en) Biological floc and preparation method and application thereof
CN105218177B (en) The method for preparing composite microbic bacterial fertilizer using silkworm excrement fermentation
CN104987269A (en) Biological organic fertilizer special for apples and preparation method thereof
CN101811903A (en) Novel organic substrate and preparation method thereof
CN105272421B (en) Agricultural culture medium and production method and application thereof
CN104016748A (en) Organic compound fertilizer and manufacturing method thereof
CN103755405A (en) Ferment organic base fertilizer for rice and preparation method thereof
CN109956824B (en) Oil peony organic particle slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN106946630A (en) A kind of organic fungi-manure using sludge as raw material and preparation method thereof
CN103435380A (en) Device and method for planting fast-growing plants and replacing chemical fertilizers with plant composts
CN103771924B (en) A kind of flower planting fertilizer special for organic and preparation method thereof
Chandra Organic manures
CN105753526A (en) Method for composting by utilizing straw
CN106518188A (en) Production method of special fertilizer for sugarcane
CN109574723A (en) A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof using plantation mushroom obsolete fungus stick
CN105669330A (en) Method for producing organic silkworm-excrement granular fertilizer
CN113943182A (en) Turning and throwing strip stacking and composting process
CN110981636A (en) Sand land water-saving fertilizer-maintaining material based on homologous plants and application thereof
CN110054514A (en) A kind of agricultural wastes and livestock and poultry feces combine the method for preparing organic fertilizer
CN109206268A (en) A kind of agrochemical and preparation method thereof
DE4401278C2 (en) Method and device for producing culture substrate
CN114946597A (en) Plant seedling raising substrate production method capable of reducing greenhouse gas emission
CN112209777A (en) Production method of soil ecological remediation organic fertilizer
CN114830990A (en) Fertilizing method for Zhongzao 39 rice
CN103449860A (en) Preparation method of novel blueberry special-purpose fertilizer

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20220118

RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication