CN1155933C - 电流驱动显示元件的矩阵驱动方法和装置 - Google Patents
电流驱动显示元件的矩阵驱动方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种电流驱动显示元件以矩阵方式配置在多个扫描电极ScE(ScE1,ScE2,…,ScEy)和多个信号电极SiE(SiE1,SiE2,…,SiEx)的每一交叉点上,选择一扫描电极ScE,把显示信号供应给信号电极SiE,来驱动每一电流驱动显示元件。在显示信号供应给信号电极SiE之前,预先充电装置给交叉点上的电容充电,因此抑制了产生在扫描和信号电极交叉点上的寄生电容的影响。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电流驱动显示元件,例如发光二极管、电化色显示、电致发光等的矩阵驱动方法和装置。
背景技术
一种显示元件的简单X-Y矩阵驱动(以下简称为“矩阵驱动”)具有两个条状电极组,该电极组分别包括彼此垂直配置的一组多个扫描电极和一组多个信号电极,还具有分别与条纹电极组连接的驱动电路,来改变交叉点上的电压或类似物,从而分别驱动配置在交叉点上的显示元件。
矩阵驱动使用一种取决于在输入(电压或电流)到矩阵驱动和从显示元件(光亮度,透射率或反射率)的输出这两者之间关系的驱动方法。即,在例如显示元件是液晶的情况下,矩阵驱动采用按行序选择扫描电极的行序扫描方法,以改变外加在液晶上的有效电压(如果液晶是扭转向列液晶)或电压极性(如果液晶是铁电液晶)。
另一方面,电流驱动显示元件,例如发光二极管、电化色显示、电致发光等是由图1所示例子的矩阵驱动来驱动。矩阵驱动通常用参数100表示。如图1所示,矩阵驱动100包括一组彼此垂直配置的扫描电极ScE(ScE1,ScE2,...,ScEy)和信号电极SiE(SiE1,SiE2,...,SiEx)。上述电流驱动显示元件配置在上述二电极组的条状电极交叉点上。矩阵驱动100进一步包括一连接到扫描电极ScE的扫描电极驱动电路101和一连接到信号电极SiE的信号电极驱动电路102。
如图1所示,扫描电极驱动电路101包括分别与扫描电极ScE1,ScE2,...,ScEy连接的选择开关L(L1,L2,...,Ly)。通过接通或断开每一由控制器(未示出)发出的控制信号控制的选择开关,在一已选择的扫描电级ScE上的电位下降到地电位电平。
另一方面,信号电极驱动电路102包括分别与信号电极SiE(SiE1,SiE2,...,SiEx)连接的选择开关S(S1,S2,...,Sx),和分别与选择开关S连接、也与电源103连接的电流源CS(CS1,CS2,...,CSx)。通过打开或关闭由控制器(未示出)发出的控制信号控制的选择开关,作为显示信号的电流从电流源CS供应到已选择的一个信号电极SiE上。因此,当选择开关L和S接通或断开时,矩阵驱动100行序地驱动配置在已选择的扫描电极ScE和已选择的信号电极SIE交叉点上的电流驱动显示元件。
在矩阵驱动100中,在扫描和信号电极ScE和SiE的交叉点上产生一种称之为“寄生电容”的电容,这带来下面的问题。
即,在矩阵驱动100中,当来自电流源CS的电流(显示信号)供应给电流驱动显示元件,以用于显示元件的行序驱动时,寄生电容将充有电荷。因此,在矩阵驱动100中,直到达到要求电流驱动显示元件显示(发光)的阈值电压Vt时,专用显示的电流才能流动,因此,在选择了一个扫描线的期间内将出现“空载时间”,如图2所示。由于空载时间,在选择了一个扫描线的时间内,矩阵驱动100不能提供任何有效显示。从图2可看出电流驱动显示元件的亮度将在这一时间即发光时间/一个扫描线选择时间×100(%)内有所下降。
在矩阵驱动100中,空载时间尤其在灰度显示上将产生显著的影响。例如图3所示,由于在预定时间内已选择了一个扫描线,当灰度以脉冲宽度比为8∶4∶2∶1显示时,通过矩阵驱动100中的脉冲宽度调制,灰度的数量受到限制或图像质量变坏。特别是在矩阵驱动100中,在一个扫描线选择时间内,当灰度显示已保持在脉冲宽度比为8∶4∶2∶1时,考虑到上述空载时间,16灰度减少到4灰度,例如图3A所示,即灰度数量不足。另一方面,脉冲宽度比为8∶4∶2∶1,通过行序驱动,不考虑空载时间,完成灰度显示,在发光时间内,显示时间a,b,c和d不能正确地确保8∶4∶2∶1的比率,如图3B所示,因此发生灰度非直线化(γ射线损坏),因而不能正确完成灰度显示。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述现有技术的不足,提供一种电流驱动显示元件的矩阵驱动方法和装置,适合于抑制发生在扫描和信号电极交叉点上的寄生电容的影响。
上述目的能通过提供一种电流驱动显示元件的矩阵驱动方法来实现,其中电流驱动显示元件以矩阵方式配置在多个扫描电极和多个信号电极的交叉点上,选择一扫描电极,把显示信号供应给每一信号电极,来驱动每一电流驱动显示元件,根据本发明:
在显示信号供应给信号电极之前,交叉点上的电容被预先充电。
在电流驱动显示元件矩阵驱动方法中,交叉点上的电容被预先充电,从而电荷累积在产生在扫描和信号电极交叉点上的寄生电容上。
上述目的也能通过提供一种电流驱动显示元件的矩阵驱动装置来实现,其中电流驱动显示元件以矩阵方式配置在多个扫描电极和多个信号电极的交叉点上,选择一扫描电极,把显示信号供应给每一信号电极,来驱动每一电流驱动显示元件,根据本发明,矩阵驱动装置包括:
在显示信号供应给信号电极之前,给交叉点上的电容预先充电的装置。
在电流驱动显示元件的矩阵驱动装置中,预先充电装置给交叉点上的电容预先充电,因此,产生在扫描和信号电极交叉点上的寄生电容累积电荷。
附图说明
下面结合附图和优选实施例详细描述本发明,使本发明的这些目的和其他目的、特征及优点将更清楚。
图1是现有电流驱动显示元件的驱动装置的原理图;
图2是一个扫描线选择时间和发光时间的关系图;
图3说明了由于空载时间图像质量变坏,其中图3A说明灰度数量减少,图3B说明γ射线特性变坏;
图4是本发明电流驱动显示元件矩阵驱动装置的一实施例的原理图;
图5是使用电流驱动显示元件的有机电致发光显示元件的电压和电流特征图;
图6是描述在一个扫描时间内预先充电周期和显示周期之间关系的功能时间特性;
图7是本发明电流驱动显示元件矩阵驱动装置的另一实施例的原理图;
图8表示扫描电极驱动电路的结构;
图9是由集成电路形成的信号电极驱动电路的电路图。
具体实施方式
现参考图4,描述本发明驱动电流驱动显示元件的简单矩阵驱动装置(以下将简称之为“矩阵驱动”)的第一实施例。矩阵驱动用参考标记10表示。矩阵驱动10包括:彼此垂直配置的多个扫描电极ScE(ScE1,ScE2,...,ScEy)和多个信号电极SiE(SiE1,SiE2,...,SiEx),设置在二电极组交叉点上的电流驱动显示元件,与扫描电极ScE连接的扫描电极驱动电路,与信号电极SiE连接的信号电极驱动电路2和预先充电电路3。
在矩阵驱动10中,每一扫描电极ScE由条状金属制成并用作阴极,每一信号电极SiE也是由条状的透明件制成并用作阳极。扫描和信号电极ScE和SiE一起形成一P型装置。
如图4所示,扫描电极驱动电路1具有与扫描电极ScE(ScE1,ScE2,...,ScEy)连接的选择开关L(L1,L2,...,Ly)。通过接通或断开每一由控制器(未示出)发出的控制信号控制的选择开关,确定选择或不选择扫描电极ScE,导致被选择的电极具有接地电位。
另一方面,信号电极驱动电路2包括:与信号电极SiE(SiE1,SiE2,...,SiEx)连接的选择开关S(S1,S2,...,Sx),与选择开关S(S1,S2,...,Sx)连接的电流源CS(CS1,CS2,...,CSx),以及给每一电流源CS供电的电源4。电源4给电流源CS供应电压,电流源CS将提供一必要电流I0,用于容许每一显示元件具备用于显示的充分发光。在信号电极驱动电路2中,接通或断开由控制器发出的控制信号控制的每一选择开关,来确定选择或不选择信号电极SiE,并把来自电流源CS的电流I0作为显示信号供应给被选择的信号电极SiE。
设置在扫描和信号电极ScE和SiE交叉点上的电流驱动显示元件,其每一元件由发绿光的有机电致发光显示(以下将称之为“有机电致发光”)构成。有机电致发光的电压和电流特性曲线如图5所示。从图5看出,由矩阵驱动10驱动的有机电致发光具有这样的特性,即当阈值电压大约为10V时开始发光,充分发光的必要电流I0为8mA/cm2,给电流源CS供应电流I0的信号电极驱动电路2的电源4的必要输出电压为11V。
如图4所示,预先充电电路3包括分别与信号电极SiE1至SiEx连接的选择开关C1至Cx,经选择开关C1至Cx给信号电极SiE供应能量的电源5。电源5经被选择开关C1至Cx,给信号电极SiE1至SiEx提供有机电致发光开始发光的阈值电压Vt。在图4中,电源5分别给被选择开关C1和Cx供应能量,但一个电源5可经被选择开关C1和Cx给每一信号电极SiE供应能量。
当扫描电极驱动电路1的选择开关L1至Ly选择或未选择扫描电极ScE1和ScEy时,预先充电电路3适于预先给产生在扫描和信号电极交叉点上的一寄生电容、提供用于有机电致发光ELs的阈值电压Vt。尤其,通过由控制器(未示出)发出的控制信号接通或断开选择开关C1至Cx,预先充电电路3确定提供或不提供阈值电压给每一信号电极SiE。
前文已描述了矩阵驱动10的结构,下面参考图6将描述它的功能:
首先在矩阵驱动10中,扫描电极驱动电路1通过选择开关L1至Ly不选择扫描电极ScE。其后接通被选择开关C1至Cx,预先充电电路3在一个周期T1内、在阈值电压Vt下、从电源5中预先充电,如图6所示。在矩阵驱动10中,这种预先充电使得产生在扫描和信号电极ScE和SiE交叉点上的寄生电容累积电荷,给有机电致发光充电至阈值电压Vt。
在预先充电周期T1之后,断开预先充电电路3的选择开关C1至Cx,然后接通或断开信号电极驱动电路2中的被选择开关S1和Sx,来确定信号电极SiE是否选择每一电致发光。这时,当接通选择开关S时,从信号电极驱动电路2输出的电压V供应给相应的有机电致发光EL,因此图5已描述了电流I0,如图6所示,在一周期T0之后有机电致发光ELs发光。另一方面,当断开选择开关S时,从信号电极驱动电路2输出的电压V不供应给相应的有机电致发光ELs,在有机电致发光ELs上的电位保持与预充电时的阈值电压Vt相同,因此有机电致发光ELs将不发光。在矩阵驱动10中,顺序地选择下一个扫描电极ScE,进行同样的操作,来照射用于显示图像或类似物的有机电致发光ELs。
如图6所示,由于在周期T0内,电压宽度V-Vt变化小,几乎是零,有机电致发光ELs照射的时间只通过预先充电周期T1能够确定。由于能增加预先充电电压来缩短预先充电周期T1,如图6所示,可以增加用于在一个扫描时间(显示周期)内照射有机电致发光ELs的时间T2与一个扫描时间的比。因此,在矩阵驱动10中,灰度数量不受限制或灰度水平不会象图3描述的那样变坏,从而来自信号电极驱动电路2的显示信号能够高逼真度地复制。
现参考图7,描述本发明驱动电流驱动显示元件(以下将简称之为“矩阵驱动”)的简单矩阵驱动装置的第二实施例。矩阵驱动用参考标记10A表示。从中可见,图7中的矩阵驱动10A的预先充电电路的结构不同于图4中矩阵驱动。
如图7所示,矩阵驱动10A包括一预先充电电路3A,电路3A包括分别与信号电极SiE1至SiEx连接的二极管D1至Dx,矩阵驱动10A还包括一经二极管D1至Dx给信号电极SiE供应能量的电源5A。电源5A具有一接地电位的负极,和一与二极管D1至Dx连接的正极,它在有机电致发光ELs开始发光时,经二极管D1至Dx给信号电极SiE1至SiEx供应阈值电压Vt。二极管D1至Dx具有与信号电极SiE1至SiEx连接的阳极,和与受保护的电源5A的正极连接的阴极。为保护每一装置,在实际中如果需要在二极管和电源5A(Vt)之间连接有限流电阻。
在具有预先充电电路3A的矩阵驱动10A中,依据通过扫描电极驱动电路1的选择开关L选择的扫描电极,被选择的扫描电极ScE上的有机电致发光ELs外加有来自电源5A的阈值电压Vt。因此,在矩阵驱动10A中,在预先充电周期T1和显示周期T2之间,没有由图4中矩阵驱动10的预先充电电路3的选择开关C发生的转换。所以,矩阵驱动10A能够容许有机电致发光ELs更快地发光。
现参考图8,描述扫描电极驱动电路的另一结构。扫描电极驱动电路用参考标记1A表示。扫描电极驱动电路1A包括分别与扫描电极ScE(ScE1,ScE2,...,ScEy)连接的选择开关K(K1,K2,...,KY)和经选择开关K分别给扫描电极ScE供应能量的电源6。
扫描电极驱动电路1A具有两个终端,即,一个非选择终端a和一个选择终端b,分别提供给与扫描电极ScE连接的每一选择开关K。选择开关K与终端a和b两者任一个相连。在这个扫描电极驱动电路1A中,如图8所示,每一非选择终端a连接电源6,每一选择开关b接地电位。电源6给扫描电极ScE提供电位V或高于电位V的电压,与信号电极SiE上的电源4不同。
在扫描电极驱动电路1A中,每一选择开关K通过控制器(未示出)发出的控制信号,与选择终端或非选择终端任一相连。因此,在由选择开关K选择的扫描电极上的电位是零电位,同时在未选择的扫描电极ScE上的电位是V伏特。
在分别具有上述结构的矩阵驱动10和10A中,当没有选择扫描电极时,没有电流流过相应的有机电致发光,所以减少了串扰的影响。
现参考图9,描述使用集成电路的信号电极驱动电路2的方案。使用集成电路的信号电极驱动电路用参考标记2A表示。IC-型信号电极驱动电路2A包括一电压/电流源11和分别与信号电极SiE连接的单位元件UC(UC1,UC2,...,UCx)。电压/电流源11包括一个给每一单位元件UC供应恒定电压V的恒定电压源12,一个给每一单位元件UC供应恒定电压V的恒定电压源13,一个给每一单位元件UC供应可变电压V0的可变电压源14,以及两个P-型MOS晶体管Ma和Mb。MOS晶体管Ma具有一与可变电压源14的正极连接的漏极,和一与MOS晶体管Mb的漏极连接的源极。MOS晶体管Ma具有彼此直接连接的漏极和栅极。
如图9所示,每一单位元件包括三个N-型MOS晶体管M1,M2和M4,以及两个P-型MOS晶体管M3和M5。MOS晶体管M1具有;一与输入终端X连接的栅极,从一外部装置给它输入信号,即1(高)或0(低);一与接地电位连接的源极;和一与MOS晶体管M3的栅极和MOS晶体管M2的源极连接的漏极。MOS晶体管M2具有:一与恒定电压源13连接的栅极,一与MOS晶体管M3的源极连接的以及和栅极MOS晶体管M4的漏极和栅极连接的漏极。MOS晶体管M3具有一与MOS晶体管M5的源极连接的漏极。在每一单位元件UC中,MOS晶体管M5具有一与MOS晶体管M4的源极连接的漏极。上述电流I0作为显示信号从公共接合处提供。
MOS晶体管M4连接一类似的二极管,并能给信号电极驱动电路2A的输出终端供应一电压V。由于MOS晶体管受电路中取决于1/gm(gm是互导)的电阻的限制,由于通过MOS晶体管M4的电流取决于装置的最大容许电流尽可能地大,所以确定了MOS晶体管M4的大小(宽度与长度之间的比率增大)。
在信号电极驱动电路2A中,MOS晶体管Ma和Mb一起形成一电流反射器,从MOS晶体管M5和M4提供的在每一单位元件UC中的电流I0(以下称之为“显示电流I0”),通过调节来自可变电压源14的输出电压V0而确定。MOS晶体管M1和M2一起形成一反相器。MOS晶体管M2提供一偏压Vb,MOS晶体管M2是一负载电阻。
当信号电极驱动电路2A在其输入终端X供应一输入信号“1”(高:显示和电流供给)时,接通MOS晶体管M1,MOS晶体管M3在其栅极具有一低电位,MOS晶体管M5在其源极具有一来自恒定电压源12的电压V,与流经MOS晶体管Ma电流相同的电流流经MOS晶体管M5,从而提供一显示电流I0。此时,MOS晶体管M3上的压降(电阻)与MOS晶体管Mb上的相同。
另一方面,当信号电极驱动电路2A在其输入终端X供应一输入信号“0”(低:不显示和无电流供给)时,不接通MOS晶体管M1,但由于MOS晶体管M2的l/gm电阻,M1连接恒定电压源12,P-型MOS晶体管M3在其栅极具有一高电位而被断开。因此,MOS晶体管M5不供应偏压。在这种情况下,与流经MOS晶体管Ma电流相同的电流流经MOS晶体管M5,从而不提供显示电流I0。
当信号电极驱动电路2A在其单位元件UC的输入终端X供应一输入信号“1”(开)或“0”(关)时,来自单位元件UC的显示电流I0可供给或不供给信号电极SiE1至SiEx。
根据本发明,在显示信号供给每一信号电极SiE之前,电荷预先充电给一产生在扫描和信号电极ScE和SiE交叉点上的寄生电容,因此在一个扫描线选择时间内能够完成有效显示。从而由简单矩阵型电流驱动显示装置的寄生电容引起的灰度水平变坏能大大地降低。由于预先充电,任一由选择开关C形成的预先充电电路3或由二极管D形成的预先充电电路3A,能具有相同效果地防止灰度水平变坏。由于由集成电路形成的电路,预先充电电路3A能更容易实施。
本发明上述实施例采用P-型电极结构,其中信号电极SiE是透明阳极,扫描电极ScE是由金属制成的阴极。然而,本发明不只局限于这种P-型电极结构。本发明通过采用N-型电极结构能够实现,其中扫描电极ScE是阳极,信号电极SiE是阴极。在这种情况下,透明信号电极SiE必须是低电阻。由于采用N-型电极结构,能够减少能量消耗。
如同上面已经描述的一样,在本发明电流驱动显示元件的矩阵驱动方法中,在显示信号供应给信号电极之前,在扫描和信号电极交叉点上的电容被预先充电,因此产生在交叉点上的寄生电容累积电荷。在一个扫描线选择时间周期,能完成有效的显示,因此大大抑制了由于寄生电容产生的图像质量变坏。
在本发明电流驱动显示元件的矩阵驱动装置中,在显示信号供应给信号电极之前,在扫描和信号电极交叉点上的电容被预先充电,因此产生在交叉点上的寄生电容累积电荷。在一个扫描线选择时间周期,能完成有效的显示,因此大大抑制了由于寄生电容产生的图像质量变坏。
Claims (8)
1、一种电流驱动发光显示元件的矩阵驱动方法,其中所述显示元件包括有机电致发光材料,电流驱动显示元件以矩阵方式配置在多个扫描电极和多个信号电极的交叉点上,选择一扫描电极,显示信号供应给每一信号电极来驱动每一电流驱动发光显示元件,所述方法包括下列步骤:
按照条状图案形成所述扫描电极;
按照条状图案形成所述信号电极;
形成扫描电极驱动电路,使扫描电极驱动电路的选择开关连接到每个扫描电极;
形成信号电极驱动电路,使信号电极驱动电路的选择开关连接到每个信号电极;
在将显示信号提供给信号电极之前用阈值电压将所述交叉点上的电容预先充电;所述阈值电压是由有机电致发光材料表征的发光的启动电压;以及
驱动所述显示元件,使得与显示信号一致的灰度级由脉冲宽度调制表示。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述预先充电的步骤是根据从所述信号电极驱动电路提供的数据发生的。
3、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在显示信号供应给信号电极之前,接地电平电位供应给被选择的扫描电极,比供应给信号电极的电位高的电位供应给未选择的扫描电极。
4、一种电流驱动发光显示元件的矩阵驱动装置,其中所述显示元件包括有机电致发光材料,电流驱动显示元件以矩阵方式配置在多个扫描电极和多个信号电极的交叉点上,选择一扫描电极,显示信号供应给每一信号电极来驱动每一电流驱动发光显示元件,所说矩阵驱动装置包括:
按照条状图案形成所述扫描电极;
按照条状图案形成所述信号电极;
在显示信号供应给信号电极之前,以阈值电压单独给交叉点上的每个电容预先充电的装置;所述阈值电压是由有机电致发光材料表征的发光的启动电压;
扫描电极驱动电路,包括连接到每个扫描电极的选择开关,用于确定是否提供所述显示信号;
其中驱动所述显示元件,使得与显示信号一致的灰度级由脉冲宽度调制表示。
5、根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中扫描电极驱动装置给由扫描电极选择装置选择的扫描电极供应一接地电平电位,同时给未选择的扫描电极供应一高于供应给信号电极的电位。
6、根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中信号电极选择装置由一MOS晶体管构成。
7、根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中所述扫描电极驱动电路具有用于每个交叉点的选择端和非选择端,使得处于非选择模式下的时候降低交扰的发生。
8、根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中
所述信号电极驱动电路包括多个电压/电流源和单位元件,每个电压/电流源和单位元件均连接到一个所述的信号电极;
每个所述电压/电流源包括恒定电压源,可变电压源,和两个P型MOS晶体管;
所述单位元件包括三个N型的MOS晶体管和两个P型的MOS晶体管;
其中所述MOS晶体管所起的作用是减少寄生电容,由此减少可见的灰度级恶化。
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- 1998-04-30 JP JP12122198A patent/JP4081852B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
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- 1999-04-28 US US09/300,466 patent/US6369786B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN100405436C (zh) * | 2002-05-31 | 2008-07-23 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | 电子电路、电光装置、电光装置的驱动方法以及电子仪器 |
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US6369786B1 (en) | 2002-04-09 |
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JP4081852B2 (ja) | 2008-04-30 |
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