CN115591582A - 一种MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种MOF‑303/g‑C3N4异质结材料及其制备方法与应用,属于材料制备和光催化还原CO2的技术领域。本发明所制备的MOF‑303/g‑C3N4异质结材料来源广泛,价格低廉,制备方法简单,反应条件温和,无污染;巨大的比表面积有利于CO2分子的吸附活化;良好的吸光性能和界面间氢键作用可以加快电子转移能力,提高光催化CO2还原的效率,和热值更高的燃料CH4的产量。本发明通过构建MOF‑303/g‑C3N4复合材料,利用两种材料的优势,首次将MOF‑303材料拓展到光催化CO2还原领域,显著提高光催化剂的效率,模拟自然光合作用,将CO2还原为高附加值燃料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料制备和光催化还原CO2技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
随着工业的快速发展以及化石燃料的燃烧,CO2排放量也逐年增加,由此带来的环境问题也越来越受到人们的重视。利用光催化剂,模拟自然光合作用,通过光将CO2还原为高附加值燃料是一项行之有效的策略。
近年来,金属有机框架材料(MOFs)因其巨大的比表面积,超高的孔隙率以及良好的催化性能收到了人们的广泛关注。MOF-303是一种由铝氧八面体作为二级构筑单元和1-H-3,5-吡唑二羧酸作为连接器构成的MOF材料。MOF-303因其巨大的表面积和良好的吸附性能在沙漠集水以及污水中重金属的富集方面具有十分广泛的应用,但是在催化领域的应用较少。我们研究发现,MOF-303在光催化CO2还原方面具有十分巨大的潜力,但因其吸光性能较差,带隙较宽,限制了其在光催化方面的应用。石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)因其较窄的带隙宽和优异的吸光性能,在光催化领域具有一定的优势。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料。本发明还要解决的一个技术问题在于提供前述材料的制备方法。本发明最后所要解决的技术问题在于提供所述MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料在光催化还原CO2中的应用。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料的制备方法,具体包括:
将1-H-3,5-吡唑二甲酸溶于NaOH溶液中,六水合氯化铝溶于水至澄清,将两种溶液混合,然后加入g-C3N4,将混合物恒温反应,过滤反应后的溶液得到黄色产物;多次洗涤后真空干燥。
进一步地,所述的g-C3N4制备方法为:将尿素置于瓷坩埚中,将其置于马弗炉中煅烧,煅烧结束后冷却至室温后取出。
进一步地,所述的煅烧条件为550℃恒温保持4h。
进一步地,所述的1-H-3,5-吡唑二甲酸与六水合氯化铝用量摩尔比为1∶1。
进一步地,所述的恒温反应条件为100℃恒温保持24h。
进一步地,所述的真空干燥条件为60℃真空干燥12h。
所述方法制得MOF-303/g-C3N4复合材料。
所述的MOF-303/g-C3N4复合材料在光催化还原CO2中的应用。
相比于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明首次利用g-C3N4修饰MOF-303,制备得到的MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料,与文献报道的光催化MOFs如UiO-66-NH2、MIL-125-NH2等相比,MOF-303原料价格低廉,制备方法简单,反应条件温和,催化性能好,且溶剂为水,与用DMF作为溶剂的MOFs相比,对环境污染小。MOF-303常被用于吸附,在催化领域应用较少,本专利首次将其用于光催化领域,结果显示其在光催化还原CO2方面显示出优异的效果。
(2)本发明所制备的MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料具有良好的吸光性能,同时界面间的氢键作用作为电子桥梁,加快光生电子的传输速率,更加有利于提高光催化CO2还原的效率,并生成热值更高的燃料CH4;
(3)本发明所制备的MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料具有巨大的比表面积,且MOF-303独特的孔道结构和吡唑对位能更有利于CO2分子的吸附活化。
本发明通过构建MOF-303/g-C3N4复合材料,首次将MOF-303引入催化领域,结果显示,MOF-303在光催化还原CO2方面有着独特的优势,为了进一步提高MOF-303催化性能,提高其光响应能力,本发明构建的MOF-303/g-C3N4复合材料,不仅能够利用MOF-303独特的结构和其良好的催化性能,而且可以借助g-C3N4良好的吸光能力,提供MOF-303反应所需的光电子,通过g-C3N4与MOF-303之间构建电子桥,增强电子在g-C3N4和MOF-303之间的传输能力,以此进一步提高光催化还原CO2反应性能。
附图说明
图1为所制备样品的XRD谱图;
图2为所制备样品的FTIR谱图;
图3为所制备样品的UV-vis DRS谱图;
图4为所制备样品的光电流谱图;
图5为所制备样品的阻抗谱图;
图6为所制备样品的光催化还原CO2性能对比图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步进行描述。
实施例1:
制备MOF-303催化剂:
称取2.60g的NaOH溶解在750mL去离子水中;称取7.50g的1-H-3,5-吡唑二甲酸一水合物溶解于上述NaOH溶液;将所得混合物搅拌直到溶液澄清。随后,向溶液中加入10.4g的AlCl3·6H2O,搅拌至完全溶解。将上述混合物置于100℃的油浴锅中加热24h。过滤所得的沉淀物分别用去离子水和甲醇洗涤三次。在60℃真空干燥箱真空干燥12h,得到MOF-303。
实施例2:
制备g-C3N4催化剂:
称取10g尿素放入坩埚中,并盖上坩埚盖子水平置于马弗炉中,在空气气氛下升温至550℃,并在该温度下煅烧4h,待结束后降至室温后得到g-C3N4样品,将所得样品研磨后备用。
实施例3:
制备MOF-303/g-C3N4催化剂:
称取60mg的NaOH溶解在20mL去离子水中;称取180mg的1-H-3,5-吡唑二甲酸一水合物溶解于NaOH溶液;将所得混合物搅拌直到溶液澄清。随后,向溶液中加入240mg的AlCl3·6H2O,搅拌至完全溶解。将100mg g-C3N4加入到上述混合溶液中,搅拌30min,使其混合均匀。将混合均匀后的反应物置于100℃烘箱中恒温反应24h;过滤反应后溶液得到黄色产物;用去离子水洗涤三次并在60℃真空条件下干燥12h,即可得到所述的MOF-303/g-C3N4复合材料。
由图1的MOF-303和MOF-303/g-C3N4的XRD图像对比,MOF-303/g-C3N4中出现了归属于g-C3N4的(002)晶面的衍射峰。由图2的MOF-303和MOF-303/g-C3N4的FTIR谱图对比,发现MOF-303/g-C3N4中同时含有归属于MOF-303和g-C3N4的振动峰,由此说明MOF-303和g-C3N4复合成功。由图2B看出,复合前后,归属于g-C3N4的氨基振动峰从3159cm-1向低波数偏移至3144cm-1,MOF-303中3367cm-1归属于羟基的振动峰消失,由此判定g-C3N4中氨基与MOF-303中羟基形成氢键作用,界面电子作用强。
图3是MOF-303和MOF-303/g-C3N4的UV-vis谱图。从图中可以看出,MOF-303的吸收波长范围为270nm,与g-C3N4复合后的MOF-303/g-C3N4的吸光范围扩展到了450nm。因此,相较于MOF-303,MOF-303/g-C3N4具有更好的光响应能力。
图4和图5分别是MOF-303和MOF-303/g-C3N4的光电流和阻抗图。从中可以得出结论,相较于MOF-303,MOF-303/g-C3N4复合物界面处MOF-303和g-C3N4形成的氢键作用,可以作为光电子的传输桥梁,加快光生电子和空穴的分离,因此具有更大的光电流和更小的阻抗值,光生电子的利用率显著增强。
实施例4:
将实施例1-3中制备的光催化剂应用于还原CO2中,实验步骤为:
光催化还原CO2反应测试在密闭反应器中进行。称取10mg所制备样品均匀分散在直径为4.2cm的石英砂板反应釜上,置于100mL的不锈钢反应器中,盖上带有直径为4.5cm石英开口窗的不锈钢盖子。将0.2MPa高纯CO2气体通入反应器内,打开280W氙灯进行3h光催化反应,产物由在线气相色谱GC-7920定期(1h)检测分析,产物收率通过以下公式计算:
式中At为某时刻CO或CH4的峰面积,ACo和ACH4分别为CO和CH4标准气体的峰面积,[CO]s和[CH4]s分别表示CO和CH4标准气体的浓度(ppm)。P、V、T分别为反应器内部的压力(Pa)、体积(m3)、温度(K)。R表示普适气体常数。m是光催化剂的质量(g)。
图6A是MOF-303、g-C3N4以及MOF-303/g-C3N4在全光谱照射下还原CO2的催化性能对比图。对比图结果显示,与MOF-303和MOF-303/g-C3N4相比,MOF-303/g-C3N4具有更优异的光催化还原性能,不仅可以产生CO,还可以产生热值更高的燃料CH4,提高CO2的光催化资源化利用。此外,图6B三次循环实验结果表明,在不加牺牲剂的情况下,MOF-303/g-C3N4具有较好的稳定性能。
Claims (8)
1.一种MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
将1-H-3,5-吡唑二甲酸溶于NaOH溶液中,六水合氯化铝溶于水至澄清,将两种溶液混合,然后加入g-C3N4,将混合物恒温反应,过滤反应后的溶液得到黄色产物,多次洗涤后真空干燥,即得MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的g-C3N4制备方法为:将尿素置于瓷坩埚中,将其置于马弗炉中煅烧,煅烧结束后冷却至室温后取出。
3.根据权利要求2所述的MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的煅烧条件为550℃恒温保持4h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的1-H-3,5-吡唑二甲酸与六水合氯化铝用量摩尔比为1∶1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的恒温反应条件为100℃恒温保持24h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的真空干燥条件为60℃真空干燥12h。
7.权利要求1-6任一所述方法制得的MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料。
8.权利要求7所述的MOF-303/g-C3N4异质结材料在光催化还原CO2中的应用。
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