CN115551489A - 含有抗氧化剂的经皮吸收制剂 - Google Patents
含有抗氧化剂的经皮吸收制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115551489A CN115551489A CN202280003847.8A CN202280003847A CN115551489A CN 115551489 A CN115551489 A CN 115551489A CN 202280003847 A CN202280003847 A CN 202280003847A CN 115551489 A CN115551489 A CN 115551489A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种在膏体中稳定地保持足以体现出所期望的药效的量的药物并且尽可能地减少了皮肤的刺激的经皮吸收制剂。本发明的经皮吸收制剂通过在基剂中包含药物及稳定化剂而成,该稳定化剂为选自硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐以及亚硝酸盐中的稳定化剂。所述经皮吸收制剂优选还包含甘油。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及将应用于皮肤所需的药物经由机体膜向皮下组织或体内循环系统施用时所使用的胶带剂、贴剂(是指层叠有包含药物的储库层和粘贴层的剂型的材料)等经皮吸收制剂。
背景技术
一般在药物的经口给药的情况下,由于药物的吸收性受胃或肠内的pH值、内容物的有无等状态左右,因此难以将药物的吸收量总是保持恒定,另外也很难长时间地慢慢地施用恒定量的药物。在经口给药中,由于吸收量不恒定,因此偶尔会有因急剧的血中浓度的升高而产生副作用的情况,另外在半衰期短的药物中有效血中浓度的持续时间变短,有无法长时间保持充分的药效的情况。此外,在注射给药中有给药时的痛苦、给药方法的不便性之类的问题。在以局部作用为目的的制剂的情况下,需要使药物经由角质层而在皮下组织中维持恒定的浓度。
因而,为了解决这些问题,基于能够长时间维持恒定的有效血中浓度、而且能够期待简便性、功能性等的提高等理由,正在积极地推进经皮吸收制剂的开发。此种经皮吸收制剂是经由本来具有防止异物向体内的侵入的屏蔽功能的皮肤的角质层将药物向体内循环系统施用的制剂,因此不一定容易施用足以体现出所期望的药效的量的药物,通常,采用向基剂中加入吸收促进剂而提高药物的透过性、增大粘贴面积等对策。
在经皮吸收制剂为粘贴剂的情况下,由于其具有在粘贴中刺激皮肤这样的副作用,因此优选其粘贴面积尽可能小。为了减少此种副作用,利用吸收促进剂的添加来提高药物的皮肤透过性,由此可以期望将粘贴剂的粘贴面积缩小化。为此,关于将特定的化合物添加到制剂中而用于促进药物的经皮吸收的吸收促进剂提出过大量的方案(例如专利文献1、2)。另外,在药物本身为稳定性差的物质的情况下,关于用于防止保存时的分解的稳定化剂也进行过大量的研究(例如专利文献3)。
在含有罗替戈汀的经皮吸收制剂的情况下,已知有包括将罗替戈汀及抗氧化剂以1∶0.0001~0.1的重量比混合的工序的经皮吸收制剂的制造方法(专利文献4)。专利文献4的抗氧化剂为选自生育酚及其酯、抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸、丁基羟基甲苯、丁基羟基茴香醚及没食子酸丙酯中的一种以上的物质。另外,已知有如下的经皮吸收型粘贴剂,是由支承体、含药物层及剥离衬垫形成的含有罗替戈汀的经皮吸收型粘贴剂,上述含药物层含有(1)橡胶系粘合剂、(2)罗替戈汀或其盐、以及(3)罗替戈汀的分解产物的生成抑制剂(专利文献5)。专利文献5的罗替戈汀的分解产物的生成抑制剂使用巯基苯并咪唑、亚硫酸盐。
在含有芬太尼的经皮吸收制剂的情况下,已知有如下的粘贴剂,是具备支承体和层叠于该支承体的至少一个面的粘合剂层的粘贴剂,上述粘合剂层含有选自芬太尼及其盐中的至少一种、粘合基剂、以及在分子内具有硫原子的抗氧化剂(专利文献6)。专利文献6中,在分子内具有硫原子的抗氧化剂是选自2-巯基苯并咪唑及焦亚硫酸钠中的至少一种。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特表平10-507199号公报(日本专利第3228341号)
专利文献2:国际公开第2011/049038号(日本专利第5913981号)
专利文献3:日本特开平3-261722号公报(日本专利第3002493号)
专利文献4:日本特表2017-515871号公报
专利文献5:日本特开2013-079220号公报(日本专利第5856424号)
专利文献6:国际公开第2017/073516号(日本专利第6453481号)
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明涉及含有稳定化剂的经皮吸收制剂。稳定化剂起到提高粘合剂层中的药物的稳定性的作用。但是,向粘合性基剂中添加稳定化剂的结果不能使粘合性降低、或皮肤刺激性提高。因而,作为稳定化剂,需要考虑成为对象的药物、所配合的粘合性基剂等,选择最佳的稳定化剂。
另外,稳定化剂是在皮肤上粘贴着经皮吸收制剂的期间中对皮肤发生作用的物质,因此不能具有皮肤刺激。目前为止使用过很多的稳定化剂。代表性的稳定化剂是BHT(二丁基羟基甲苯)、生育酚、维生素C及其衍生物、对苯二酚等抗氧化剂。硫代硫酸盐及亚硫酸盐具有强还原性,具有强力的抗氧化效果。然而,这些化合物为无机盐,与作为经皮吸收制剂的基剂普遍使用的橡胶系粘合剂、丙烯酸系粘合剂的相容性差,具有在基剂中凝聚成粒子状而无法发挥稳定化效果的缺点。鉴于如上所述的实际情况,本发明的目的在于,提供一种在膏体中稳定地保持有足以体现出所期望的药效的量的药物的经皮吸收制剂。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明人等在深入推进新型稳定化剂的研究中发现,硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐等无机还原性物质对于大量的药物的稳定性优异,并且皮肤刺激性也低。这些化合物难以溶于有机溶剂的大部分,并且与作为经皮制剂的基剂的橡胶系粘合剂、丙烯酸系粘合剂、硅酮系粘合剂的相容性极差,因此即使配合硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐,也不会均匀地分散,难以通过析晶来发挥效果。本发明人等发现,通过使这些无机盐中还共存甘油,硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐等就能够在基剂中均匀地微分散,发挥还原性无机盐的抗氧化效果,从而完成了本发明。
硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐作为还原剂众所周知,是在化妆品、食品、以及医疗用途中一直以来所使用的、安全性数据也多的物质。然而,即使设想通过将本物质添加到经皮吸收制剂中可以提供对药物赋予稳定性的性质,由于是无机盐,因而易用性也差,在经皮吸收制剂用途方面就亚硫酸盐而言有1件报告(日本专利第5856424号公报),硫代硫酸盐的添加则是完全不知。
本发明如下所示。
〔1〕一种经皮吸收制剂,其通过在基剂中包含药物及稳定化剂而成,该稳定化剂为选自硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐以及亚硝酸盐中的稳定化剂。
〔2〕根据〔1〕中记载的经皮吸收制剂,其中,上述基剂为选自丙烯酸系粘合剂、橡胶系粘合剂以及硅酮系粘合剂中的1种或2种以上。
〔3〕根据〔1〕或〔2〕中记载的经皮吸收制剂,其中,包含药物的膏体总重量中的上述稳定化剂的含量为0.01~2重量%。
〔4〕一种经皮吸收制剂,其特征在于,其通过在基剂中包含药物及稳定化剂而成,该稳定化剂为选自硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐以及亚硝酸盐中的稳定化剂,所述经皮吸收制剂还包含甘油。
〔5〕根据〔4〕中记载的经皮吸收制剂,其中,甘油的含量在包含药物的膏体总重量中为0.01~20重量%。
〔6〕根据〔4〕或〔5〕中记载的经皮吸收制剂,其中,在粘合剂基剂中共存有药物、稳定化剂以及甘油,该甘油的添加量相对于该稳定化剂的1重量份为1.5~2000重量份。
〔7〕根据〔4〕或〔5〕中记载的经皮吸收制剂,其中,在粘合剂基剂中共存有药物、稳定化剂以及甘油,该甘油的添加量相对于该稳定化剂的1重量份为1.5~2000重量份,所述经皮吸收制剂还含有吸收促进剂。
〔8〕根据〔1〕~〔7〕中任一项记载的经皮吸收制剂,其中,药物为罗替戈汀或其盐。
〔9〕根据〔1〕~〔3〕中任一项记载的经皮吸收制剂,其中,药物为罗替戈汀或其盐,所述经皮吸收制剂还包含吸收促进剂。
〔10〕根据〔9〕中记载的经皮吸收制剂,其中,上述吸收促进剂为选自鲸蜡醇、月桂酸二乙醇酰胺、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(IPM)、棕榈酸异丙酯(IPP)以及硬脂酸中的吸收促进剂。
〔11〕根据〔9〕或〔10〕中记载的经皮吸收制剂,其中,药物为罗替戈汀或其盐,在聚异丁烯(PIB)与丙烯酸系混合的粘合剂基剂中包含鲸蜡醇。
〔12〕根据〔9〕或〔10〕中记载的经皮吸收制剂,其中,药物为罗替戈汀或其盐,在苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SIS)与丙烯酸系混合的粘合剂基剂中包含IPM。
〔13〕根据〔1〕~〔7〕中任一项记载的经皮吸收制剂,其中,药物为芬太尼或其盐。
〔14〕根据〔1〕~〔3〕中任一项记载的经皮吸收制剂,其中,药物为芬太尼或其盐,所述经皮吸收制剂还包含吸收促进剂。
〔15〕根据〔14〕中记载的经皮吸收制剂,其中,上述吸收促进剂为选自鲸蜡醇、月桂酸二乙醇酰胺、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(IPM)、棕榈酸异丙酯(IPP)以及硬脂酸中的吸收促进剂。
〔16〕根据〔14〕或〔15〕中记载的经皮吸收制剂,其中,药物为芬太尼或其盐,基剂为苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SIS)粘合剂。
〔17〕一种透明或半透明的涂布溶液的制造方法,其包括在橡胶系、丙烯酸系粘合剂溶液中混合药物、选自硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐以及亚硝酸盐中的稳定化剂、以及甘油的工序。
〔18〕一种涂布液的制造方法,其包括在橡胶系、丙烯酸系粘合剂溶液中使药物、选自硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐以及亚硝酸盐中的稳定化剂、以及甘油共存,并进一步混合蔗糖脂肪酸酯的工序。
发明效果
本发明的经皮吸收制剂中含有的作为稳定化剂的硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐以及亚硝酸盐(以下有时记作硫代硫酸盐等)是具有还原性阴离子的中性的化合物。可以认为,在药物为碱性的化合物的情况下,与硫代硫酸盐等的阴离子相互作用而稳定化,抑制分解。此外,通过将硫代硫酸盐等与已知的吸收促进剂组合使用,每单位面积及单位时间的药物的释放量及药物向皮肤内部的迁移性极大地提高。对此可以认为是因为,上述吸收促进剂改变基剂的物性,并且渗透到皮肤内而减弱角质层的屏蔽功能。其结果是,基剂与皮肤之间的药物的分配系数发生变化,或者皮肤中的药物的扩散速度得到提高,药物的释放量提高,并且所需量的药物容易地透过皮肤而被体内循环系统吸收。
因此,在胶带剂的情况下,与以往的含有药物的经皮吸收制剂相比,可以获得与相同面积的以往产品相比有效给药量更大的经皮吸收制剂。换言之,能够以比以往产品更小的面积的经皮吸收制剂获得与以往产品相同的效果。
因而,即使是对皮肤刺激敏感的人也能够避免产生红斑,或者红斑的面积得到缩小。此外由于制剂的面积较小即可,因此粘贴操作容易,而且也没有粘贴所致的不协调感。
附图说明
图1是比较例2的罗替戈汀贴剂提取物的色谱图。
图2是实施例1的罗替戈汀贴剂提取物的色谱图。
图3A是实施例3的芬太尼贴剂提取物的色谱图,图3B是比较例4的芬太尼贴剂提取物的色谱图。
具体实施方式
本发明的经皮吸收制剂是在基剂中包含药物及稳定化剂而成的经皮吸收制剂。本发明的经皮吸收制剂中的稳定化剂为选自硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐以及亚硝酸盐中的稳定化剂。上述稳定化剂为选自硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐以及亚硝酸盐中的1种或2种以上。作为各稳定化剂中的盐,可以举出与碱金属的盐、与碱土金属的盐,优选钠盐。即,硫代硫酸盐优选为硫代硫酸钠,亚硫酸盐优选为亚硫酸钠,亚硫酸氢盐优选为亚硫酸氢钠,亚硝酸盐优选为亚硝酸钠。硫代硫酸盐等稳定化剂可以单独使用,也可以与已知的吸收促进剂并用。基剂(包含药物的膏体总重量)中的上述稳定化剂的含量优选为0.01~5重量%,更优选为0.02~2重量%。若基剂中的上述稳定化剂的含量小于0.01重量%,则对药物的稳定化效果弱,另外若大于5重量%,则容易在基剂中的析晶方面产生问题。
本发明的另一个特征在于,在硫代硫酸盐等上述稳定化剂向基剂中的配合时添加盐溶解助剂。硫代硫酸Na、亚硫酸Na等无机盐极性极高,所以与橡胶系粘合剂、丙烯酸系粘合剂的相容性差。另外,由于完全不溶于作为这些粘合剂的溶剂的乙酸乙酯、甲苯、环己烷等中,因此极难使药物及粘合剂溶解而在溶液中均匀地分散硫代硫酸盐等。本发明人等发现,在使硫代硫酸盐等在粘合剂溶液中均匀地微分散时,若共存有甘油,则在粘合剂溶液中均匀地微分散,即使在干燥后的经皮吸收制剂中,也会在基剂中稳定地微分散而发挥药物的稳定化效果。即,本发明的经皮吸收制剂优选在基剂中还包含甘油。本发明的经皮吸收制剂优选在基剂中共存有药物、稳定化剂以及甘油。
甘油的含量在基剂(包含药物的膏体总重量)中为0.01~20重量%,更优选为0.02~10重量%,特别优选为0.1~5重量%。若基剂中的甘油的含量小于0.01重量%,则硫代硫酸盐等在基剂中或制造用涂布溶液中的均匀分散时的溶液稳定化效果弱,另外若大于20重量%,则向粘合膏体表面渗出,容易产生粘合力的降低等不佳事项。此外,相对于上述稳定化剂1重量份,甘油的添加量优选为1.5~2000重量份。
在本发明的经皮吸收制剂中可以并用吸收促进剂。本发明的经皮吸收制剂优选在基剂中还包含吸收促进剂。本发明的经皮吸收制剂优选在基剂中共存有药物、稳定化剂、甘油及吸收促进剂。作为上述吸收促进剂,可以举出1-十二烷基环庚烷-2-酮、油醇、鲸蜡醇、油酸、硬脂酸、月桂酸、月桂基硫酸钠、月桂酸甲醇酰胺、月桂酸二乙醇酰胺、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(IPM)、棕榈酸异丙酯(IPP)、三醋精、乳酸、聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸盐等。上述吸收促进剂优选为选自鲸蜡醇、月桂酸二乙醇酰胺、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(IPM)、棕榈酸异丙酯(IPP)以及硬脂酸中的吸收促进剂。为了促进碱性药物的吸收,上述吸收促进剂优选为三醋精、二异丙醇胺等。基剂(包含药物的膏体总重量)中的上述吸收促进剂的含量优选为1~20重量%。若基剂中的添加量小于1重量%,则促进效果弱,另外若大于20重量%,则对皮肤的作用强,容易产生引起刺激性的问题。
对于上述基剂中含有的药物、吸收促进剂的添加量,就软膏剂、乳剂、擦剂而言相当于相对于制剂本身的添加量,就胶带剂、巴布剂而言相当于相对于从制剂中去除支承体、剥离纸后的部分、即相对于粘合性基剂的部分的添加量,就贴剂而言相当于相对于储库层和/或粘合剂层中含有的基剂的添加量。
对于本发明中使用的经皮吸收制剂的基剂,在经皮吸收制剂为胶带剂或巴布剂的情况下,为粘合性基剂,在经皮吸收制剂为软膏剂、乳剂、贴剂(日文:パッチ剤)或擦剂的情况下,为非粘合性基剂。
作为上述粘合性基剂,只要是包含能够溶解药物、并且在常温下具有能够相对于皮肤或粘膜长时间固着的压敏粘接性的一般的粘合剂组成的粘合性基剂,就没有特别限定。作为优选的粘合性基剂,可以例示出包含丙烯酸系粘合剂的基剂、包含橡胶系粘合剂的基剂、包含硅酮系粘合剂的基剂等。即,在上述基剂为上述粘合性基剂的情况下,上述基剂优选为选自丙烯酸系粘合剂、橡胶系粘合剂以及硅酮系粘合剂中的粘合剂。它们可以使用1种或混合使用2种以上。
作为丙烯酸系粘合基剂中使用的丙烯酸系粘合剂,可以例示出由碳数1~18、特别优选碳数4~18的脂肪族醇和(甲基)丙烯酸得到的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的均聚物、共聚物及(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯与其他的官能性单体的共聚物。
作为官能性单体的例子,有具有羟基的单体、具有羧基的单体、具有酰胺基的单体、具有氨基的单体等,另外,作为共聚性单体,例如也可以使用乙酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、氯乙烯、丙烯腈、乙烯、丙烯、丁二烯等。在粘合剂中优选作为(共)聚合成分含有50重量%以上的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯。
在制备丙烯酸系粘合剂时,通常在聚合引发剂的存在下进行所需的单体的溶液聚合。但是,聚合形态并不限定于此。另外,聚合反应条件主要根据单体的种类恰当地选择。
作为橡胶系粘合基剂中使用的橡胶系粘合剂,可以例示出在100重量份的天然橡胶、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SIS)、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、苯乙烯-烯烃-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、聚异戊二烯、聚丁烯、聚异丁烯(PIB)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物等橡胶弹性体中例如添加20~200重量份的松香系树脂、聚萜烯树脂、香豆酮-茚树脂、石油系树脂、萜烯-酚树脂等粘合性赋予剂及根据需要使用的液状聚丁烯、矿物油、羊毛脂、液状聚异戊二烯、液状聚丙烯酸酯等软化剂、氧化钛等填充剂、丁基羟基甲苯等抗老化剂等而成的橡胶系粘合剂。
作为硅酮系粘合基剂中使用的硅酮系粘合剂,可以例示出以聚二甲基硅氧烷等作为主成分的硅酮系粘合剂。
在上述粘合剂中(上述粘合性基剂中),根据需要可以添加增塑剂、填充剂、抗老化剂等配合剂。
作为上述非粘合性基剂可以例示出蜜蜡、油脂、羊毛脂、白色凡士林、石蜡、塑料基液、高级脂肪酸、高级醇、乳化剂、聚乙二醇、羧基乙烯基聚合物等。
作为本发明中使用的药物(生理活性物质),只要是能够经皮地透过机体膜的物质即可。
作为药物的例子,例如可以例示出解热消炎镇痛药、甾体类抗炎症药、非甾体抗炎症药、麻药系镇痛剂、抗癫痫药、抗精神病药、抗抑郁药、抗焦虑药、抗帕金森病药、抗痴呆症药、催眠药、镇静药、解痉药、肌肉松弛药、自主神经作用药、脑循环改善药、代谢改善药、强心剂、抗心绞痛药、高血压用药、心律失常用药、血管扩张药、降血压药、升压药、利尿剂、呼吸促进剂、镇咳祛痰剂、支气管扩张剂、哮喘治疗剂、鼻过敏症治疗剂、呼吸器官用药、感冒用药、止吐剂、抗酸剂、抗溃疡剂、缓泻剂、止痢整肠剂、肝脏用药、胰脏疾病治疗剂、利胆剂、雌性激素剂、雄性激素剂、视丘下部及下垂体激素剂、促排卵剂、尿崩症治疗剂、甲状腺激素剂、蛋白同化激素剂、抗甲状腺剂、钙代谢剂、消炎酶剂、抗组胺剂、抗风湿剂、痛风治疗剂、降血糖药、维生素剂、造血剂、止血剂、高脂血症治疗剂、抗生素、抗肿瘤剂、免疫抑制剂、解毒剂、催吐剂、驱虫剂、抗原虫剂、痔疮治疗剂、泌尿生殖器用剂、局部麻醉剂、抗凝血剂等。
作为解热消炎镇痛剂,可以例示出吲哚美辛、水杨酸、乙二醇水杨酸酯、阿司匹林、醋氨酚、双氯芬酸钠、布洛芬、舒林酸、萘普生、酮洛芬等。
作为甾体类抗炎症药,可以例示出氢化可的松、泼尼松龙、氟轻松、氟氢缩松、甲泼尼龙等。
作为麻药系镇痛剂,可以例示出吗啡、氧可酮、芬太尼等。芬太尼可以是游离体,也可以是盐,只要是医药上能够容许的盐,则可以是无机盐,也可以是有机盐。例如可以举出芬太尼柠檬酸盐等。本发明中,优选使用芬太尼柠檬酸盐。
作为血管扩张剂,可以例示出地尔硫卓、维拉帕米、四硝酸季戊四醇酯、双嘧达莫、硝酸异山梨醇酯、硝苯地平、硝化甘油等。
作为高血压、心律失常用药,可以例示出普奈洛尔、阿替洛尔、吲哚洛尔、硫酸奎宁、阿义马林、盐酸布非洛尔、酒石酸美托洛尔、纳多洛尔、马来酸噻吗洛尔、丙吡胺等。
作为降血压药,可以例示出盐酸可乐定、卡托普利、盐酸布尼洛尔等。
作为镇咳祛痰药,可以例示出盐酸丙卡特罗、硫酸特布他林等。
作为抗肿瘤药,可以例示出5-氟尿嘧啶、1-(2-四氢呋喃基)-5-氟尿嘧啶、丝裂霉素C等。
作为局部麻醉剂,可以例示出苯佐卡因、普鲁卡因、利多卡因、丁卡因等。
作为激素剂,可以例示出雌激素、雌二醇、睾酮、孕酮、前列腺素等甾体激素类、胰岛素等肽类激素类等。
作为哮喘、鼻过敏症治疗剂,可以例示出富马酸酮替酚、盐酸氮卓斯丁、色甘酸钠等。
作为抗组胺剂,可以例示出盐酸环庚啶、盐酸苯海拉明、芬苯扎明、甲喹他嗪等。
作为抗凝血剂,可以例示出肝素等。
作为镇痉剂,可以例示出东莨菪碱、氯氟哌醇等。
作为脑循环、代谢改善药,可以例示出长春西汀、盐酸氟桂利嗪、盐酸尼卡地平、富马酸溴苄胺、甲磺酸二氢麦角碱、酒石酸艾芬地尔、盐酸异舒普林等。
作为抗抑郁、抗焦虑药,可以例示出盐酸马普替林、依替唑仑、地西泮、溴西泮、盐酸阿米替林、盐酸米安色林等。
作为抗痴呆症药,可以例示出多奈哌齐、卡巴拉汀。
作为抗帕金森病药,可以例示出罗匹尼罗(盐酸盐)、罗替戈汀。罗替戈汀可以是游离体,也可以是盐,只要是医药上能够容许的盐,则可以是无机盐,也可以是有机盐。例如,可以举出罗替戈汀盐酸盐等。本发明中,优选使用罗替戈汀的游离体。
作为维生素D制剂,可以例示出阿法骨化醇、麦角钙化醇等。
作为降血糖药,可以例示出格列本脲、格列齐特等。
作为抗溃疡药,可以例示出苹果酸氯苯必利、法莫替丁、格隆溴铵等。
作为安眠药,可以例示出苯巴比妥、阿莫巴比妥等。
作为抗生素,可以例示出四环素、氯霉素等。
本发明中,能够促进各种药物的经皮吸收性。因而,无论药物是碱性药物,还是酸性药物,通过与本发明的组合物组合,都能够制造经皮吸收性优异的制剂,从使用硫代硫酸盐等作为稳定化剂的观点出发,期望选择碱性药物。所谓碱性药物,是在分子中具有氨基(伯、仲或叔)等碱性官能团、作为化合物显示出碱性的药物,所谓酸性药物,是在分子中具有羧基等酸性官能团、作为化合物显示出酸性的药物。抗帕金森病用的罗替戈汀及其盐、作为镇痛剂的芬太尼及其盐也成为碱性化合物的例子。上述药剂也优选为罗替戈汀或其盐,也优选为芬太尼或其盐。
这些药物的添加量根据药物的种类、经皮吸收制剂的使用目的等而不同,在基剂(包含药物的膏体总重量)中,优选为0.1~30重量%。药物相对于基剂的饱和溶解度根据基剂的组成而改变。使药物以尽可能接近其饱和溶解度的浓度相容于基剂中,并使其不发生析晶,由此可以获得药物的高释放性。但是,即使药物的晶体向基剂中析出,也没有特别的问题。也可以将药物或吸收促进剂胶囊化、或设置药物或吸收促进剂的储藏层。
本发明中使用的经皮吸收制剂为胶带剂、巴布剂、贴剂、乳剂、擦剂及软膏剂等。
但是,也可以在粘合剂层中也包含上述储库层中的药物、稳定化剂等。
上述乳剂、软膏剂及擦剂是在上述非粘合性基剂中将药物、稳定化剂及根据需要加入的吸收促进剂等添加剂均匀地混合而成的含有药物的膏剂、浆料或液状物。
胶带剂是将包含药物、稳定化剂及根据需要加入的吸收促进剂等添加剂的上述粘合性基剂设于支承体的一面的材料,作为优选的粘合性基剂是与皮肤的粘接性良好的粘合性基剂。
上述巴布剂是将包含药物、稳定化剂、水及根据需要加入的吸收促进剂等添加剂的上述粘合基剂以层状涂布于支承体的一面的材料,作为优选的粘合性基剂是与水的亲和性良好的粘合性基剂。在粘合性基剂缺乏粘合性的情况下,利用创可贴、粘合带等固定于皮肤表面。
上述贴剂是在支承体的一面依次层叠非粘合性的储库层及包含上述粘合剂的粘合剂层而构成的材料,在储库层中保持有包含药物、稳定化剂及根据需要加入的吸收促进剂等添加剂的上述非粘合性基剂。该储库层经由粘合剂层粘贴于皮肤,储库层中的药物穿过粘合层被经皮吸收。
可以在乳剂及软膏剂中添加脂溶性溶解剂、净化水、水溶性溶解剂、pH调节剂等。作为脂溶性溶解剂,可以例示出液体石蜡、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、癸二酸二乙酯等,作为水溶性溶解剂,可以例示出乙醇、甘油、丙二醇等。
作为胶带剂、巴布剂及贴剂的支承体,使用柔软然而对经皮吸收制剂赋予自支承性、并且起到防止粘合性基剂层中、储库层中的药物的挥发、迁移的作用的支承体。作为支承体的材料,可以例示出乙酸纤维素、乙基纤维素、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、塑化乙酸乙烯酯-氯乙烯共聚物、尼龙、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、塑化聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、铝等。这些材料例如以单层的片或膜、2片以上的层叠体的形式使用。铝以外的材料可以作为织布、无纺布使用。作为支承体,可以合适地使用由对皮肤面具有追随性的材料制成的支承体,特别优选聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的复合膜。支承体的厚度优选为5~100μm。
在上述支承体的一面形成粘合性基剂层而形成胶带剂,另外在上述支承体的一面依次层叠储库层及粘合剂层而形成贴剂。就贴剂而言也可以在储库层与粘合剂层之间存在适当的控制膜。
在胶带剂的制备中,可以在形成粘合性基剂层时应用通常的粘合带的制造方法。其代表例为溶剂涂布法,在此以外也可以使用热熔涂布法、电子束固化乳液涂布法等。在利用溶剂涂布法形成粘合性基剂层时,例如使药物、稳定化剂及根据需要加入的吸收促进剂等添加剂溶解或分散于适当的溶剂中,将所得的溶液或分散液直接涂布在支承体的一面并干燥,形成所需厚度的粘合性基剂层。另外,也可以将该溶液或分散液涂布于保护用的剥离纸上,干燥后使所得的粘合性基剂层密合于支承体。粘合性基剂层的厚度根据使用目的而不同,优选为10~200μm。
对于胶带剂,为了直到使用时为止保护其粘合性基剂层表面,通常在其粘贴面具备剥离纸。贴剂在粘合剂层的粘贴面具备剥离纸。作为剥离纸经常使用对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的膜进行硅酮处理而成的材料,然而剥离纸并不限定于此。剥离纸的厚度为1000μm以下,优选为30~200μm。
在制造巴布剂时,将粘合性基剂、药物、稳定化剂、水及根据需要加入的吸收促进剂等添加剂均匀地混合,将所得的含有药物的膏剂以层状涂布于支承体的一面。在含有药物的膏剂中可以还添加净化水、保湿剂、无机填充剂、粘度调节剂、交联剂、抗老化剂等其他的添加剂。作为保湿剂,可以例示出甘油、丙二醇等,作为无机填充剂,可以例示出高岭土、膨润土、氧化锌、二氧化钛等。
通常出于将药物经皮地或经粘膜地向体内循环系统施用的目的,将所得的各种剂型的经皮吸收制剂直接粘贴或涂布于皮肤或粘膜的表面。此外,以将药物用于皮肤或粘膜的疾病部的治疗为目的,有时也将这些经皮吸收制剂粘贴或涂布于皮肤或粘膜。
实施例
以下,给出实施例,对本发明进一步具体说明。需要说明的是,本发明并不限定于这些实施例,可以在不脱离本发明的技术构思的范围中进行各种变更。
以下称作“份”的是指“重量份”。另外,结果中所示的关于皮肤迁移试验、皮肤刺激性试验及皮肤透过性试验的评价法及测定法如下所示。
经皮吸收制剂的制作
(罗替戈汀经皮制剂)
实施例1的经皮吸收制剂的制造方法如下所示。实施例0、实施例2、比较例依照实施例1制造。将组成表示于表1中。
制作出给定量的(1)、(2)的环己烷溶液、(3)的乙酸乙酯溶液、(5)、(6)的甲苯溶液、(7)、(8)与(9)的混合物的水溶液。向其中加入给定量的(3)的乙酸乙酯溶液、(11)的乙醇溶液、(12)的甲苯溶液。继而加入(4)的THF溶液并充分地搅拌、混合而制成涂布溶液。将涂布溶液涂布于厚度40μm的PET膜并进行干燥,得到厚度50μm的层叠有粘合剂层的胶带型经皮吸收制剂。
[表1]
[表2]
涂布溶液的分散状态观察
(芬太尼经皮制剂)
实施例3的经皮吸收制剂的制造方法如下所示。实施例4、比较例依照实施例3制造。将组成表示于表3中。
使给定量的SIS聚合物、脂环式饱和烃树脂、液体石蜡溶解于环己烷中,制成基剂溶液。将给定量的月桂酸二乙醇酰胺溶解于甲醇中,再加入给定量的芬太尼柠檬酸盐而制成药物溶液。将药物溶液添加到基剂溶液中,向其中添加亚硫酸钠水溶液或亚硫酸氢钠水溶液,再添加甘油并充分地搅拌、混合而制成涂布溶液。将涂布溶液涂布于厚度40μm的PET膜并进行干燥,得到厚度50μm的层叠有粘合剂层的胶带型经皮吸收制剂。
[表3]
[表4]
利用显微镜观察涂布溶液的分散状态
(罗替戈汀经皮制剂)
依照实施例1制作出在苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SIS)与丙烯酸系粘合剂的混合粘合剂基剂、或者丙烯酸系粘合剂基剂中含有罗替戈汀的经皮吸收制剂。将组成表示于表5中。
[表5]
药物经皮吸收性试验及药物稳定性试验如下所示地进行。
药物经皮吸收性试验
将人提取皮肤夹持于循环有37℃的水的弗朗茨型扩散池中,向接受体(真皮)侧供给PBS缓冲溶液(pH7.4),利用磁力搅拌机进行搅拌。在供给体(角质)侧应用所得的经皮吸收制剂,进行透过试验。12小时后及24小时后采集接受体中的混合液,利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定其中的药物浓度,求出透过皮肤的累积药物量。累积药物量采用n=3的试验结果的平均。
药物稳定性试验
将所制作的胶带制剂冲裁为直径2cm的圆形,密封在铝复合袋中,在60℃将实施例1、2、比较例1、2保存1周。将实施例3、4、比较例1、2保存3天。将实施例5、6、比较例3、4在60℃保存4周。其后,将胶带制剂在乙醇等中浸渍4小时而提取药物,利用HPLC测定出药物含量。因加热保存而出现来自于被认为是药物的类似物的物质的类似物峰。作为稳定性的尺度,与药物含量测定同时地测定类似物峰的表达量。将罗替戈汀的类似物的表达的状况作为来自与比较例2的样品有关的试验结果的色谱图表示于图1中,将实施例1的色谱图表示于图2中。同样地,将芬太尼的类似物的表达的状况作为来自与比较例4的样品有关的试验结果的色谱图表示于图3B中,将实施例3的色谱图表示于图3A中。图1~3中,横轴为保持时间(min),纵轴为信号强度(mV)。
罗替戈汀HPLC条件
检测器:紫外吸光光度计(测定波长:225nm)
色谱柱:在内径4.6mm、长度25cm的不锈钢管中填充5μm的液相色谱用十八烷基甲硅烷基化硅胶。(CAPCELL PAK C18或具有与之同等的性能的色谱柱)
预柱:SecurityGuard C8,3.0mm×4.0mm,5μm(Phenomenex);
柱温:40℃附近的恒定温度;
流动相A:在50mM NaH2PO4和2.5mM 1-辛磺酸Na的缓冲液(pH4.5)100mL中配合乙腈53.8mL;
流量:每分钟1.0mL;
样品温度:4℃附近的恒定温度;
面积测定范围:直至注入后25分钟。
芬太尼HPLC条件
检测器:紫外吸光光度计(测定波长:210nm);
色谱柱:在内径3.0mm、长度10cm的不锈钢管中填充3μm的液相色谱用辛基甲硅烷基化硅胶。(InertSustain C8 HP或具有与之同等的性能的色谱柱);
预柱:SecurityGuard C8,3.0mm×4.0mm,5μm(Phenomenex);
柱温:25℃附近的恒定温度;
流动相A:pH2.5的0.02mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液;
流动相B:乙腈;
流动相的送液:如下所示地改变流动相A及B的混合比而进行浓度梯度控制。
[表6]
流量:每分钟0.6mL;
样品温度:4℃附近的恒定温度;
面积测定范围:直至注入后36分钟。
使用所得的胶带型经皮吸收制剂,进行药物经皮吸收性试验及药物稳定性试验。将结果表示于表7中。
[表7]
×观察到晶体的析出
○虽然观察到微少的混浊,然而没有观察到晶体的析出、分散
根据表7可知,利用硫代硫酸盐等稳定化剂及甘油的添加,显著地提高罗替戈汀经皮吸收制剂的药物稳定性。
Claims (18)
1.一种经皮吸收制剂,其通过在基剂中包含药物及稳定化剂而成,
所述稳定化剂为选自硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐以及亚硝酸盐中的稳定化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的经皮吸收制剂,其中,
所述基剂为选自丙烯酸系粘合剂、橡胶系粘合剂以及硅酮系粘合剂中的1种或2种以上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的经皮吸收制剂,其中,
包含药物的膏体总重量中的所述稳定化剂的含量为0.01重量%~2重量%。
4.一种经皮吸收制剂,其特征在于,
其通过在基剂中包含药物及稳定化剂而成,
所述稳定化剂为选自硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐以及亚硝酸盐中的稳定化剂,
所述经皮吸收制剂还包含甘油。
5.根据权利要求4所述的经皮吸收制剂,其中,
甘油的含量在包含药物的膏体总重量中为0.01重量%~20重量%。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的经皮吸收制剂,其中,
在粘合剂基剂中共存有药物、稳定化剂以及甘油,所述甘油的添加量相对于所述稳定化剂的1重量份为1.5重量份~2000重量份。
7.根据权利要求4或5所述的经皮吸收制剂,其中,
在粘合剂基剂中共存有药物、稳定化剂以及甘油,所述甘油的添加量相对于所述稳定化剂的1重量份为1.5重量份~2000重量份,
所述经皮吸收制剂还含有吸收促进剂。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的经皮吸收制剂,其中,
药物为罗替戈汀或其盐。
9.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的经皮吸收制剂,其中,
药物为罗替戈汀或其盐,
所述经皮吸收制剂还包含吸收促进剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的经皮吸收制剂,其中,
所述吸收促进剂为选自鲸蜡醇、月桂酸二乙醇酰胺、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯IPM、棕榈酸异丙酯IPP以及硬脂酸中的吸收促进剂。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的经皮吸收制剂,其中,
药物为罗替戈汀或其盐,在聚异丁烯PIB与丙烯酸系混合的粘合剂基剂中包含鲸蜡醇。
12.根据权利要求9或10所述的经皮吸收制剂,其中,
药物为罗替戈汀或其盐,在苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物SIS与丙烯酸系混合的粘合剂基剂中包含IPM。
13.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的经皮吸收制剂,其中,
药物为芬太尼或其盐。
14.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的经皮吸收制剂,其中,
药物为芬太尼或其盐,
所述经皮吸收制剂还包含吸收促进剂。
15.根据权利要求14所述的经皮吸收制剂,其中,
所述吸收促进剂为选自鲸蜡醇、月桂酸二乙醇酰胺、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯IPM、棕榈酸异丙酯IPP以及硬脂酸中的吸收促进剂。
16.根据权利要求14或15所述的经皮吸收制剂,其中,
药物为芬太尼或其盐,基剂为苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物SIS粘合剂。
17.一种透明或半透明的涂布溶液的制造方法,其包括在橡胶系、丙烯酸系粘合剂溶液中混合药物、选自硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐以及亚硝酸盐中的稳定化剂、以及甘油的工序。
18.一种涂布液的制造方法,其包括在橡胶系、丙烯酸系粘合剂溶液中使药物、选自硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐以及亚硝酸盐中的稳定化剂、以及甘油共存,并进一步混合蔗糖脂肪酸酯的工序。
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