CN115380754A - Orchard pest ecological regulation and control method based on push-pull strategy and wenzhou mandarin orange cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an orchard pest ecological regulation and control method and a wenzhou mandarin orange cultivation method based on a push-pull strategy, belonging to the field of fruit tree cultivation and comprising the following steps: planting pest trapping plants at intervals of 4-8m outside the mandarin orange garden, wherein the space between the pest trapping plants is 40-80cm, and arranging a trapping device; arranging a pest repelling system in the orchard, wherein the pest repelling system is arranged in the orchard at a speed of 0.25-1kg/667m ² The standard of (2) planting the anthelmintic grasses, wherein the distance between the anthelmintic grasses and the fruit trees is 0.8-1m; matching field management until the mandarin oranges are harvested; the method can realize the optimization of the quality of the citrus, and keep the citrus fresh before the spring festival, so as to greatly improve the economic benefitThe system can further promote the green, high-quality, high-efficiency and sustainable development of the citrus planting industry.

Description

Orchard pest ecological regulation and control method based on push-pull strategy and wenzhou mandarin orange cultivation method

The application is a divisional application with the application date of 2017, 16.02 and 201710084554.8 and the invention name of an orchard pest ecological regulation and control method based on a push-pull strategy and a wenzhou mandarin orange cultivation method.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to an orchard pest ecological regulation and control method and a wenzhou mandarin orange cultivation method based on a push-pull strategy.

Background

Citrus is an important agricultural support industry, and early-maturing Wenzhou mandarin oranges in Jiangxi province are one of main cultivated varieties. The variety has the characteristic of bearing fruits in the year and the year, so that the market supply and demand are often unbalanced, and the phenomena of no increase in yield in the year, low yield in the year and low quality (large coarse peel and large fruits) appear. In addition, in recent years, the phenomenon of more than three (more old people, more women and more weak and sick people) of citrus orchard production managers in China is increasingly prominent, and the problem of continuous rising of labor production cost of citrus planting is also increasingly serious. The phenomena and problems greatly restrict the healthy development of the Wenzhou mandarin orange industry, so a new cultivation and management strategy for solving the problem of Wenzhou mandarin oranges in the year is imperative. In addition, in the conventional citrus planting mode, due to excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, various problems such as soil hardening, fruit quality reduction, pest resistance enhancement, environmental pollution and the like are caused.

In the existing mandarin orange cultivation method, the efficient, green and high-quality management of mandarin oranges is not paid attention to, the unit area yield of mandarin orange planting is often emphasized, and the planting benefit is low due to the fact that the quality of the mandarin oranges cannot be effectively improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an orchard pest ecological regulation and control method based on a push-pull strategy, which can efficiently reduce the number of pests in an orchard, is safe, environment-friendly, green and friendly, greatly reduces the residual risk of chemical agents in fruit trees and fruits, ensures the edible safety of the planted fruits, and greatly improves the orchard ecological environment.

The other purpose of the invention is to provide a wenzhou mandarin orange cultivation method, which can effectively prolong the picking period of the early-maturing wenzhou mandarin oranges, realize the optimization of the mandarin orange quality and greatly improve the economic benefit; the method is more green and environment-friendly, the pest regulation and control method is ecological in the cultivation process, the planted mandarin oranges almost have no chemical agent residue, the quality safety of the mandarin oranges is ensured, the health of the ecological environment of the orchard is maintained, and meanwhile, the health of the ecological environment of the orchard is restored and improved.

The invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical scheme.

The invention provides an orchard pest ecological regulation and control method based on a push-pull strategy, which comprises the steps of setting a pest push-pull regulation and control system, wherein the pest push-pull regulation and control system comprises a pest trapping and killing system and a pest repelling system, the pest trapping and killing system comprises the steps of planting pest trapping plants and installing trapping and killing devices at the periphery of an orchard, the distance between the pest trapping plants and the orchard is 4-8m, and the distance between the pest trapping plants is 40-80cm; the pest repelling system is arranged in the orchard at the ratio of 0.25-1kg/667m ² The standard of (2) is to plant the anthelmintic grasses, and the distance between the anthelmintic grasses and the fruit trees is 0.8-1m.

Preferably, the anthelmintic grass comprises at least one of perilla and ageratum thistle.

Preferably, when the pest trapping plants comprise murraya paniculata, radix cocculi laurifolii (actually radix stephaniae tetrandrae), fructus aristolochiae and acer negundo, two rows of murraya paniculata are planted at a position 4m away from the orchard, the distance between the two rows of the murraya paniculata is 50cm, the distance between every two adjacent rows of the murraya paniculata is 50cm to 80cm, specifically, the plant distance between every two rows of the murraya paniculata is 50cm to 80cm, the radix stephaniae tetrandrae, the fructus aristolochiae and the acer negundo are sequentially planted on one side, away from the orchard, of the two rows of the murraya paniculata, the fructus aristolochiae and the acer negundo, and the intercropping distance between the radix stephaniae is 50cm to 80cm.

Preferably, the pest trapping and killing system further comprises the steps of trapping and killing pests by using poison baits and spraying systemic insecticide on the pest trapping and collecting plants;

the trapping and killing device comprises a yellow plate and/or a trapping and killing lamp;

the pest evasion system also comprises a repellent agent applied to the orchard garden and an artificial pest natural enemy introduced.

The invention provides a wenzhou mandarin orange cultivation method, which is used for carrying out field management on an mandarin orange orchard by using the orchard pest ecological regulation and control method based on the push-pull strategy until mandarin oranges are harvested.

Preferably, the field management comprises: dividing fruit trees into fruiting trees and leisure trees, wherein the fruiting trees and the leisure trees alternately bear fruits every other year, and each fruiting tree is applied with 20-30kg of biogas residues or 0.8-1.2kg of cake fertilizer as base fertilizer; applying 10-15kg of biogas residues or 0.3-0.7kg of cake fertilizer as base fertilizer to each leisure tree; thinning and pruning the clustered spring shoots of each fruiting tree, erasing the summer shoots of the clustered spring shoots, and carrying out severe pruning in winter; cutting off the spring tip and the summer tip of each leisure tree and removing the flowers and fruits of the leisure trees.

Preferably, the fruiting tree is fertilized in 11-12 months and sprayed with foliar fertilizer in 1-2 months, 4 months and 7 months respectively; and applying base fertilizer to the leisure trees in 1-2 months.

Preferably, the application of the base fertilizer is carried out in the following manner: grooves with the length, width and depth of 55-65cm, 35-45cm and 35-45cm are respectively arranged along the periphery of each fruiting tree and each leisure tree (more preferably, the positions of water dripping lines on the crowns are opened), and base fertilizer is applied to the grooves.

Preferably, the field management further comprises the steps of forming a mandarin orange planting greenhouse by buckling a film on the mandarin orange tree when the environmental temperature is 20-25 ℃, covering a mulching film in the mandarin orange planting greenhouse, and keeping the environmental temperature in the mandarin orange planting greenhouse to be less than 25 ℃.

The orchard pest ecological regulation and control method and the wenzhou mandarin orange cultivation method based on the push-pull strategy have the beneficial effects that: in the process of cultivating the satsuma mandarin, the orchard ecological regulation and control method can ensure the quality safety of the satsuma mandarin, greatly reduce or even avoid the problem of the residue of chemical agents in fruit trees and fruits, and can also reduce the negative influence on the environment; the cultivation method can effectively avoid the problem of big and small years, ensure that the mandarin oranges in each year can have high yield and the ratio of the high-grade mandarin oranges to the medium-grade mandarin oranges is high; the method can also effectively prolong the picking period of the early-maturing Wenzhou mandarin oranges, improve the quality of the mandarin oranges and obviously increase the economic benefit of mandarin orange planting.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

The orchard pest ecological regulation and control method and the wenzhou mandarin orange cultivation method based on the push-pull strategy are specifically described below.

The orchard pest ecological regulation and control method based on the push-pull strategy comprises a pest push-pull regulation and control system. The pest push-pull regulation and control system comprises a pest trapping and killing system and a pest repelling system, namely, the pest is repelled out of the orchard, the pest is trapped and killed, and the orchard pest prevention and control efficiency is improved.

Specifically, the pest trapping and killing system comprises a pest trapping plant planted at the periphery of an orchard and a trapping and killing device. The distance between the pest trapping and collecting plants and the orchard is 4-8m, and the distance between the pest trapping and collecting plants is 40-80cm.

The distance between the pest trapping plants and the orchard is not suitable for being too far and too close; if various chemical substances for trapping pests, which are emitted by the pest trapping plant, are scattered and lost in a large amount before entering the orchard, the concentration of the chemical substances for effectively trapping the pests entering the orchard is too low, and the trapping effect on the pests in the orchard is limited; if the pest trapping plant is too close to the orchard, the pest is easily concentrated on fruit trees outside the orchard to be damaged.

The pest trapping plant includes Acer negundo Maxim, murraya paniculata, cocculus trilobus or Aristolochia debilis. Specifically, one pest trapping plant can be optionally planted at the periphery of the orchard, and two or more pest trapping plants can be selected to be planted at the periphery of the orchard in a combined manner; preferably, because the variety of the pests trapped by various trapping plants is different, various trapping plants are preferably adopted to perform synergistic trapping on the main pests in the orchard, for example, murraya jasminorage trapping objects are diaphorina citri, aphids, red spiders and leaf rollers, stephania tetrandra trapping objects are fruit piercing moths, acer negundo trapping objects are citrus star longicorn, aristolochia debilis trapping objects are leaf miners (the aristolochia debilis can also be replaced by ethanol extracts of the aristolochia debilis), and trapping plant varieties and combinations thereof are reasonably selected according to the variety of the main pests in the orchard.

Specifically, two rows of murraya paniculata can be planted at a position 4m away from the orchard, the distance between the two rows of murraya paniculata is 50cm, the plant distance is 50-80cm, preferably 50cm, the Cocculus trilobus, aristolochia debilis and Acer negundo are sequentially planted at the side, away from the orchard, of the two rows of murraya paniculata, the distance between the rows of murraya paniculata and the rows of Cocculus trilobus, the distance between the rows of Cocculus paniculata, the rows of Aristolochia debilis and the rows of Acer negundo is 50-80cm, and the distance between each row of Cocculus paniculata, the rows of Aristolochia debilis and the Acer negundo is 50-80cm, namely the distance between each row of trapping plants is preferably 50-80cm.

The above pest trapping and killing system further comprises trapping and killing pests using a bait, for example: during the growth period of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, fly hunting protein poison bait (GF-120, the effective component is spinosad) can be combined and applied; in the full-growth period of fruit piercing moth, the sugar-vinegar liquid is used for trapping and killing pests such as fruit piercing moth, and the specific formula is as follows: vinegar: wine: water =4: 4:1:1, adding a small amount of 90 percent dipterex crystal, placing on a wood frame with the same height as a crown, covering in the daytime, and replacing the fresh trapping and killing liquid every 5 to 7 days, wherein the preparation of the sugar and vinegar liquid can also be as follows: according to the weight portion, 2 portions of sweet potato maltose, 3 portions of pickle water, 2 portions of mashed orange juice, 4 portions of trichlorfon and 18 to 20 portions of clear water are fully stirred. It should be noted that the application of the poison bait is to prevent insolation and rain, and the poison bait is replaced once at intervals of 4-5d or once at intervals of 5d or so.

Further, the pest trapping and killing system further comprises spraying a systemic insecticide on the pest trapping plant to kill the pests which eat the trapping plant, and the systemic insecticide also has the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue, no environmental pollution and the like, such as: acephate, imidacloprid, azadirachtin, dimehypo and the like so as to further ensure the green environmental protection property of the method.

The trapping and killing device comprises a yellow plate or a trapping and killing lamp. Specifically, the trapping lamp can be arranged independently, the yellow plate can be arranged independently, and the yellow plate and the trapping lamp can be arranged simultaneously.

Specifically, the yellow plate may be disposed as follows: at the junction of the main planted fruit trees and the pest trapping plants, yellow plates are hung around the junction at intervals of 1m to trap and kill pests such as aphids, whiteflies, leaf miners and the like. The specification of the yellow plate is as follows: 40X 30 or 30X 25cm; yellow board hanging height: slightly higher than the top of the crown; yellow plate orientation: the east-west direction is preferred.

The setting of the trapping lamp can be carried out according to the following modes: every 2hm ² Installing a pest killing lamp in the citrus orchard, preferably installing the lamp at the junction of the main cultivated mandarin orange and the pest trapping plant, wherein the hanging height is preferably 50cm higher than the crown; the trap lamp can trap and kill fruit piercing moth, leaf miner, butterfly, orange whitefly, black-thorn white fly, leaf roller, longicorn, chafer, white moth and wax cicada, weevil, stinkbug, etc.

The pest repelling system comprises planting anthelmintic grasses in the orchard, wherein the distance between the anthelmintic grasses and the fruit tree is 0.8-1m, and the seeding amount of the anthelmintic grasses is 0.25-1kg/667m ² . The seeding quantity of the insect-expelling green grass is proper, and the limited pest expelling capability is caused by too small seeding quantity; if the seeding amount of the insect-repelling green grass is too large, nutrition, moisture, illumination and the like can compete with fruit trees in the orchard, and the yield and the quality of the fruit trees are affected.

The anthelmintic weeds comprise at least one of perilla and ageratum thistle, but are not limited to the two anthelmintic weeds, and can also comprise mint, rosemary and the like; the insect expelling and green grass not only has better effect of expelling pests such as citrus red spiders, aphids and the like, but also can provide good habitat for the propagation of natural enemies, and the stem leaves of aromatic plants can be used for extracting essential oil products.

Specifically, any one of the insect-repellent grasses may be planted in the orchard alone, or two or more species of insect-repellent grasses may be intercropped, for example: the ageratum conyzoides and the perilla frutescens can be planted in different varieties or independently, wherein the sowing amount of the ageratum conyzoides can be 0.5-1kg/667m ² The seeding rate of Perilla frutescens can be 0.25-0.5kg/667m ² 。

It is also possible to seed ryegrass in anthelmintic grasses, for example: interplanting ryegrass and purple perilla; anthelmintic grasses can also be planted in combination with ryegrass, for example: performing combined interplanting on ryegrass and purple perilla, specifically performing interlaced alternate interplanting on the ryegrass and the purple perilla, wherein the seeding amount of the ryegrass is 0.8-1kg/667m ² The seeding rate of the purple perilla is 0.25-0.5kg/667m ² (ii) a The ryegrass and purple perilla are adopted for combined interplanting, so that the purple perilla can be used for efficiently repelling pests, the organic matter content of orchard soil can be quickly increased after the ryegrass naturally withers and decays, the soil fertility is further improved, the fruit quality is improved, and the method is safe, green and environment-friendly; in addition, although ryegrass has no direct insect-repelling activity, the small climate of the orchard can be improved after the ryegrass is planted in rows, the effect of sheltering the propagation and the rest of the natural enemies of pests is provided in 3-5 months, but the ryegrass withers due to high temperature after 6 months, can be used as organic matters after fermentation, can also increase the variety and the number of the natural enemies of the pests in the orchard, and further reduces the number of the pests in the orchard through the pest control effect of the natural enemies.

The pest evasion system further comprises applying a repellent agent in the orchard. The repellent agent is preferably a natural green agent, such as: azadirachtin. Specifically, the azadirachtin preparation taking neem oil as a synergist and a stabilizer can be used as a main insecticide for controlling pests such as citrus red spiders, aphids, leaf miners and the like, and the azadirachtin and the neem oil (leaf miners) have oviposition repelling effect on various pests; the matrine agent can also be used as a rotation agent for preventing and controlling pests to avoid the generation of drug resistance of the pests.

Furthermore, mineral oil emulsions (Jiadeshi, luoyingglume and the like) can be used as main auxiliary agents, so that the small-sized pests can be effectively prevented and treated, a protective film can be formed on leaves, volatilization of odor substances is inhibited, and the insect repellent has an obvious repellent effect on important pests such as diaphorina citri, bactrocera dorsalis and the like. Furthermore, citronella oil can be applied to the orange garden to repel in the peak period when fruit piercing moth is harmful; in the beginning of the emergence of the citrus leaf miner, the golden chrysanthemum extract is sprayed, so that the remarkable oviposition repelling effect is achieved.

Further, the pest evasion system also comprises a step of manually guiding and moving the natural enemies of the pests to the orchard. The natural enemies of pests comprise spiders, predatory mites, aphid flies, parasitic wasps and the like. Specifically, one natural enemy of the pests can be separately attracted and moved in an orchard, and multiple natural enemies of the pests can be attracted and moved together. For example: releasing predatory mites (such as phytoseiid persimmons, euseiulus nibeus went, amblyseius spinosus and the like) on pest trapping plants outside the orchard, and allowing the predatory mites to naturally propagate, migrate or be guided to migrate on pollen of the pest trapping plants to predate on the pest mite mandarin orange trees and eliminate various red mites (citrus red mites, rust ticks and the like) red spiders, or allowing the predatory mites to naturally propagate, migrate or be guided to migrate on pollen of the pest trapping plants to predate on the red spider mandarin orange trees and eliminate various red spiders; in addition, a bag of predatory mites can be hung on each fruit tree at the beginning of 4 months, and the predatory mites can be selected from amblyseius cucumeris, amblyseius nisatus, amblyseius barkeri and the like.

The citrus unshiu cultivation method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the orchard pest ecological regulation and control method based on the push-pull strategy and field management until citrus unshiu is harvested.

The cultivation method of the wenzhou mandarin oranges is a new cultivation system of the mandarin oranges and comprises 3 technical parts of a push-pull technology, an alternate bearing technology every other year, greenhouse overwintering management and the like. The pest trapping and killing system and the pest repelling system in the orchard pest ecological regulation and control method based on the push-pull strategy are set perfectly, and then corresponding field management is carried out, wherein the field management comprises the steps of dividing fruit trees into fruiting trees and leisure trees, and then carrying out corresponding alternate fruit hanging every other year and greenhouse overwintering management. The fruiting tree of the invention is a mandarin orange tree which bears fruits in the current year to produce mandarin oranges and removes all flowers and fruits in the next year; the leisure tree is a mandarin orange tree which has all flowers and fruits removed in the current year and has fruit trees after being cultivated in the next year.

Alternate bearing management in alternate years comprises bearing tree pruning, bearing tree fertilizing, leisure tree pruning and leisure tree fertilizing.

The fruit bearing tree fertilization comprises applying base fertilizer in 11-12 months and respectively spraying foliar fertilizer in 1-2 months and 4-7 months; the pruning of the bearing trees comprises Cong Shengxing thinning and deleting spring tips, erasing summer tips and severe pruning in winter.

Specifically, the fruit bearing tree is fertilized in the following way:

shi Haiyang (base) fertilizer: completing the cultivation at the bottom of 11 months to the beginning of 12 months, combining a drawing groove (the length, the width and the height are respectively 55-65cm, 35-45cm and 35-45 cm) around each mandarin orange tree, applying 20-30kg of biogas residue or 0.8-1.2kg of cake fertilizer to each mandarin orange tree, and additionally applying 2-3kg of special fertilizer for the mandarin oranges; can effectively improve the yield and the quality of the mandarin orange.

Spraying a leaf fertilizer: the foliar fertilizer is reasonably applied according to the growth condition of the mandarin orange tree body, the foliar fertilizer used must be registered and registered in the agricultural department and certified by an organic (green) certification agency, and the foliar fertilizer is stopped 10 days before fruit picking. Wherein, spraying 800-1000 times of green Fengwei No. 2 liquid for 1-2 months for 1 time, and spraying 500 times of green Kanghuaguoling liquid for 1 time every 20 days to promote flowering and fruiting and increase fruit setting rate; spraying 1000 times of the green Fengwei No. 2 liquid for the weak trees and the floret trees for 1 time in 4 months. Spraying 500 times of solution Kang Huaguo Ling for 1 time in full bloom stage; in the middle ten days of 7 months, foliar fertilizer Lufen Wei No. 2 1000 times liquid is sprayed for 1 time to replace the fruit fertilizer.

Further, the fertilization of the fruit bearing trees also comprises the steps of looking at the trees and supplementing fertilizers: fruit stabilizing fertilizer and fruit strengthening fertilizer are applied by looking at trees and supplementing fertilizer, and no fertilizer shortage sign is generated; the fertilizer is applied in small amount before and after heavy rain with the sign of lack of fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied once or for many times according to actual conditions, mainly using the commercial high-quality citrus special fertilizer. The above-mentioned symptoms of lack of fertility include yellowing of leaves, significant prolongation of flowering phase, etc.

The fruit tree pruning is specifically carried out according to the following method:

pruning in spring, mainly taking natural growth, not moving big branches, not moving tail-end shoots, not cutting, only carrying out appropriate thinning and deletion on a small amount of Cong Shengxing spring shoots before flower buds bloom, and ensuring that fruit bearing trees can have enough bearing branches;

pruning in summer mainly by controlling the summer shoots, removing all the summer shoots without leaving the summer shoots in principle, and reserving nutrients of fruit bearing trees for later fruit development;

the method comprises the following steps of carrying out severe pruning in winter, wherein the pruning amount of a single plant is 40%, the pruning can be carried out after fruit picking, if the temperature in winter is low, the pruning is carried out in late 2 to early 3 months before spring germination in the next year, and the severe pruning in winter specifically comprises the following steps: (1) pressing crown, cutting off the part of the crown higher than 2.5m by shaving and flattening head; (2) the distribution structure of the second-level branch group and the third-level branch group is adjusted and optimized by a method of picking big branches; (3) retracting, namely performing short-section retracting on the excessively drooping and individually protruded branch groups; (4) the final branch tips are largely deleted, and the deletion amount accounts for two thirds of the final branch tips. After severe pruning in winter, the tree vigor is waited to recover slowly, so that fruiting again in every other year is facilitated, gradual recovery of the tree vigor can be promoted, and full-load fruiting in every other year is facilitated.

Furthermore, the fruit bearing tree pruning also comprises autumn pruning, branch pulling is mainly used in autumn, and odd fruits and sunscald fruits are thinned and removed as auxiliary fruits. The 'upright post branch fixing' is carried out in 1-31 days after 8 months, namely, the branch groups with the fruits are fixed by layered branch pulling by using bamboo poles with the diameter of more than 5cm and strong braided belts, so that the extrusion and overlapping of the branches and the fruits are avoided, the mechanical damage to the fruit surfaces is reduced, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree body are improved.

The fertilization of the leisure trees comprises the base fertilizer application in 1-2 months, and specifically, the fertilization can be carried out in the following way:

base fertilizer: after fruits are harvested for 1-2 months, sufficient water is irrigated to carry out ground fertilization every day, grooves are combined around each mandarin orange tree (the length, width and height of each hole (ditch) dug near the dropping line of the crown are 55-65cm, 35-45cm and 35-45cm respectively), fermented biogas residues, cake fertilizers and 45% of citrus special organic fertilizers are applied, 10-15kg of biogas residues or 0.3-0.7kg of cake fertilizers are applied to each tree, and 0.5-1.5kg of citrus special fertilizers are additionally applied, so that the tree vigor of the leisure trees is ensured, fruiting in the second year is facilitated, the tree vigor recovery of the leisure trees is promoted, and massive fruiting in the second year is facilitated.

Further, leisure tree fertilization still includes that the tree is looked for and the fertilizer is supplied: the tree is supplemented with fertilizer before spring shoots and autumn shoots are pumped, the tree is not supplemented without fertilizer shortage signs, a small amount of supplementary fertilizer is spread before light rain and after heavy rain with the fertilizer shortage signs, quick-acting fertilizer is taken as the main fertilizer, and the fertilizer is applied once or more according to actual conditions. Before and after 25 days in 6 months, all the leisure trees must be applied with tip-promoting fertilizer once to be beneficial to the growth of the orderly and strong autumn shoots. The above-mentioned symptom of lack of fertilizer refers to whether the shoot of the branch is normal, specifically judged as yellow leaf, irregular and thin shoot bud, etc.

The pruning of the leisure tree comprises cutting the spring tip, wiping off buds, thinning out fruits and cutting the summer tip. Specifically, it may be performed in the following manner:

spring pruning: a small amount of spring shoots which grow too long and disturb the tree form are cut short properly, and meanwhile, the spring shoots are erased before the buds are white, namely, the leisure trees do not bear fruits;

smearing flowers and thinning fruits: manually erasing all flower buds, flowers and the like; particularly, when the flower amount is very small in a leisure year, all flower buds, flowers and the like can be erased manually; when the flower amount is more, thinning fruits by using the medicament, wherein the main medicament and the using method for thinning fruits are as follows: 100-200 mg/kg of the indate is sprayed for 1 time in the second physiological fruit drop period; naphthylacetic acid 100-300 mg/kg, spraying cloth 20-35 days after full-bloom period; the ascorbic acid is 200mg/kg, and is sprayed 10-15 days after the mandarin orange flowers, so that the ascorbic acid has a certain fruit thinning effect. After chemical thinning, the remained fruits are manually thinned once in 5 months, and all the fruits of the tree body are thinned. The artificial thinning fruit is only used in the first two leisure years of the technology, and fruit setting in the following leisure years is gradually sporadic without centralized thinning fruit;

cutting short summer shoots: cutting off the tail end tip with the thickness of less than 0.5cm from late 6 to late 7, wherein the trimming amount is more than 40%, and promoting early autumn tips.

It should be noted that the leisure tree is not trimmed in winter, and the flourishing and robust tree of the next year is guaranteed.

It needs to be further explained that the alternate bearing management method every other year is adopted, namely the first year is used as the honey citrus tree of the bearing tree, and the second year is used as the leisure tree; the method is used as a honey citrus tree of a leisure tree in the first year and as a fruiting tree in the second year, so that the fruiting tree in each year can be high in yield, the produced honey citrus is excellent in quality, the total ratio of superior fruits to medium-grade fruits is high, and the economic benefit of the honey citrus is remarkable.

In the greenhouse overwintering management, when the environmental temperature is 20-25 ℃, buckling films on the mandarin orange trees to form a mandarin orange planting greenhouse, and covering mulching films in the planting greenhouse. For example: when the maximum temperature (average temperature of 5 d) is reduced to 20-25 ℃ in the last 10-11 months, greenhouse overwintering cultivation management can be started. The mulching film is preferably a reflective mulching film, so that photosynthesis and the like of the mandarin oranges can be improved, particularly, illumination of the middle lower part and the inner chamber of the fruit tree is increased, coloring and sugar increasing of the fruits are promoted, and the quality of the fruits and the proportion of superior fruits are greatly improved.

Furthermore, the temperature in the greenhouse should be kept below 25 ℃, so when the temperature in the greenhouse rises, the greenhouse is ventilated and cooled in time to avoid the temperature from rising continuously, and the management method is continued until the fruits are harvested. Specifically, when the temperature outside the greenhouse is higher than 25 ℃, the greenhouse can be removed, such as opening the skirt film for ventilation and cooling, so that the phenomenon that the secondary growth of the fruit peel is caused or the fruit peels are aggravated due to the fact that the temperature in the greenhouse is too high is avoided, and the fruit quality is reduced.

In the winter management process of the greenhouse, the surrounding skirt membranes are opened at night to reduce the temperature and increase the temperature difference between day and night, so that the accumulation of nutrients such as fruit sugar and the like can be promoted, and the fruit quality is improved.

The greenhouse overwintering management is carried out on the fully-closed covering film and the reflective mulching film in the daytime so as to improve the temperature and the illumination intensity, improve the photosynthesis efficiency of the leaves and further improve the quality of the mandarin oranges.

It should be noted that the covering is carried out when the soil humidity is low; the coverage range is from the trunk to the position 50cm outside the dripping line of the tree crown; after the fruit is harvested, the film is removed in time, and the tree vigor is restored by proper irrigation in case of drought.

Furthermore, the greenhouse is preferably set on flat ground or gentle slope ground, and has good irrigation and drainage conditions, and the area requirement is not less than 1000m ² And too little is not favorable for heat preservation and temperature and humidity management. In production, a multi-span arch-top greenhouse is mainly adopted, two rows are used as one greenhouse, and the width of a single greenhouse is 7-9m generally; the distance between the top of the crown and the covering film is kept above 1.5-2.0m, and the difference between the shoulder height and the top height is about 1.5 m.The higher the temperature change is, the larger the temperature change range is, the higher the maximum temperature is, and the higher the fruit high temperature obstacles such as fruit floating skin and sunburn are easily generated from the view of the temperature change of the vertical height. For example: the height of the tree is 2m, the top height is more than 4.0m, the shoulder height is more than 3m, and the distance between the periphery of the greenhouse and the film is generally 50-100cm. The insect-proof net is firstly pulled on and around the shed frame, and then the shed frame is covered with the film.

In the winter cultivation and management process of the greenhouse, the water management in the greenhouse is also important, and generally, the low-humidity drying management is adopted from 11 months to 2 months in the next year.

Specifically, the reflective mulching film is covered for matching drip irrigation, so that the humidity of air in the shed can be reduced, and the effects of controlling water and increasing sugar can be achieved. It should be further noted that the environmental humidity in the greenhouse can be obviously reduced by using greenhouse management, and the environmental humidity in the greenhouse is 2 to 60% lower than the environmental humidity outside the greenhouse, and more preferably 20 to 60% lower than the environmental humidity outside the greenhouse, for example: the film is covered in rainy days in the middle and last ten days of 12 months, rainy seasons of 3-6 months and other seasons, so that the environmental humidity in the greenhouse is reduced, the greenhouse is kept in a dry state well, the soil humidity is effectively controlled, the time for forming the fruit quality is prolonged, and the internal quality of the fruit is improved.

It should be noted that the temperature in the greenhouse is high, the greenhouse is very suitable for mites such as red spiders to damage, and diseases are easy to generate in the greenhouse, so when the greenhouse is managed in an overwintering mode, the control of diseases and insect pests is carried out together, and a proper amount of pollution-free pesticide of plant sources can be sprayed in the greenhouse.

The orchard pest ecological regulation and control method and the wenzhou mandarin orange cultivation method based on the push-pull strategy are further described in detail in the following by combining the embodiments.

Example 1

And a pest trapping and killing system and a pest repelling system are arranged during mandarin orange cultivation. Two lines of murraya paniculata are planted at a position 4m away from the periphery of an orchard, the distance between the murraya paniculata and the murraya paniculata is 50cm, the Cocculus trilobus, the aristolochia debilis and the Acer negundo are sequentially intercropped at a position 50cm away from the outermost layer and the murraya paniculata, and the intercropping distance between the Cocculus trilobus, the Aristolochia debilis and the Acer negundo is 50cm. A fly hunting protein poison bait and a systemic insecticide are sprayed on murraya paniculata, cocculus trilobus, fructus Aristolochiae and Acer negundo to lure (poison) and kill main pests in an orange garden such as red spiders, aphids, longicorn, bactrocera dorsalis and the like.

Arranging a yellow board at the junction of the orchard and the murraya paniculata at intervals of 1m; and every 2hm ² A trap lamp is hung at the junction of an orchard and Murraya paniculata, and the hanging height is 50cm higher than the crown of the mandarin orange.

Interplanting ryegrass and purple perilla at a distance of 1m from mandarin orange tree, specifically alternately sowing ryegrass and purple perilla at intervals, wherein the sowing amount of ryegrass is 1kg/667m ² The seeding rate of the purple perilla is 0.5kg/667m ² . The azadirachtin preparation using neem oil as synergist and stabilizer is applied to mandarin orange garden, matrine water as rotation agent, and mineral oil as adjuvant. Predatory mites were released on murraya paniculata and manually in the citrus orchard.

The mandarin orange trees in the mandarin orange garden are divided into fruiting trees and leisure trees which respectively account for 1/2 of the total amount, and fertilization and pruning are respectively carried out.

Fertilizing fruit trees: and (3) completing groove drawing fertilization (length multiplied by width multiplied by height =60 multiplied by 40) in 11 months, and applying 25kg of biogas residues to each mandarin orange tree and adding 2.5kg of special fertilizer for oranges. Spraying 1000 times of green Fengwei 2 liquid for 1 month, spraying 500 times of green Kang Huaguo Ling liquid for 1 time every 20 days; spraying 1000 times of green Fengwei No. 2 solution 1 time in 4 months, and spraying 500 times of green Kang Huaguo Ling for 1 time in full bloom stage; spraying foliar fertilizer Lufen Wei No. 2 1000 times liquid for 1 time in last 7 months. When the symptoms of fertilizer deficiency appear, the special fertilizer for the oranges is applied before light rain and after heavy rain.

Pruning a fruiting tree: in spring, a small amount of Cong Shengxing spring tips are thinned and deleted before flower buds bloom; the summer shoots are all erased; in autumn, branch pulling is mainly performed, deformed fruits and sun-burned fruits are removed as auxiliary fruits, upright post branch fixing can be performed in 8 months, and fruit branches can be fixed in a layered branch pulling manner; the winter severe pruning specifically comprises the following steps: (1) pressing crown, cutting off the part of the crown higher than 2.5m by shaving and flattening head; (2) the distribution structure of the second-level branch group and the third-level branch group is adjusted and optimized by a method of picking big branches; (3) retracting, namely performing short-section retracting on the excessively drooping and individually protruded branch groups; (4) the final branch tips are largely deleted, and the deletion amount accounts for two thirds of the final branch tips.

Fertilizing the leisure trees: after fruits are harvested in 2 months, sufficient water is irrigated to perform groove-drawing fertilization (length multiplied by width multiplied by height =60 multiplied by 40), 12.5kg of biogas residue is applied to each mandarin orange tree, and 1kg of special fertilizer for oranges is additionally added. When the symptoms of fertilizer deficiency appear, applying the special citrus fertilizer before light rain and after heavy rain; and (5) applying tip-accelerating fertilizer before and after 6 months and 25 days.

Pruning the leisure tree: moderately cutting a small amount of spring shoots which grow too long and disturb the tree shape, and erasing the spring shoots before the buds appear white; spraying 100mg/kg of the indate for 1 time in the second physiological fruit drop period, and manually filling and thinning the remained fruits in 5 months, specifically, firstly trimming spring tips, and erasing buds, but possibly having a small amount of missed flowers; then spraying a small amount of fruits which are missed out from the flowers for 1 time in the second physiological fruit drop period by using the dosage of 100mg/kg of the indate; and after the first two measures of manual filling and thinning for 5 months, a few fruits still remain, namely the last ten days of 6 months to the last 7 months, the last-stage tips with the thickness of less than 0.5cm are truncated, and the pruning quantity is 40%. The pruning is not carried out in winter.

In late 10 months, when the highest environmental temperature is 25 ℃, film covering is carried out on the honey citrus trees, greenhouse overwintering cultivation management is carried out on the honey citrus trees in a knot orchard, and the total building area is 1000m ² The single-span greenhouse is an overwintering greenhouse with the width of 7m, the distance between a crown and a film of 1.5m and the difference between the shoulder height and the top height of 1.5m, and is covered with a reflective mulching film, in particular a reflective mulching film for a tree tray. Ventilating the greenhouse, specifically ventilating the greenhouse by lifting the skirt film, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse not higher than 25 ℃. After the harvest is finished, when the environmental temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the heat preservation and moisture preservation effects of the greenhouse film are removed, and the film is covered to control the humidity in the seasons with much rainwater, such as 12 months, 3-6 months and the like. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: and removing the top film and the skirt film of the greenhouse. In addition, in the seasons with much rainwater, such as 12 months, 3-6 months and the like, the humidity can be controlled by film coating on the shed roof, and the occurrence of diseases can be greatly reduced.

Example 2

And a pest trapping and killing system and a pest repelling system are arranged during mandarin orange cultivation. The method is characterized in that murraya paniculata with a row spacing of 50cm is planted at a position 8m away from the periphery of an orchard, the spacing between every two adjacent murraya paniculata in each row is 80cm, at the position 80cm away from the murraya paniculata, the aristolochia debilis and the acer negundo are planted, the spacing between the aristolochia paniculata, the aristolochia debilis and the acer negundo is 80cm, namely the plant distance between every two rows of murraya paniculata is 80cm, at the position 80cm away from the murraya paniculata, the aristolochia debilis and the acer negundo are planted, and the spacing between the aristolochia paniculata, the aristolochia debilis and the acer negundo is 80cm. Spraying sugar-vinegar solution and systemic pesticide on folium Et cacumen Murrayae, radix cocculi Trilobi, fructus Aristolochiae, and Acer negundo, or spraying systemic pesticide on folium Et cacumen Murrayae, radix cocculi Trilobi, fructus Aristolochiae, and Acer negundo. A yellow board is hung at the junction of the orchard and the murraya paniculata at intervals of 1m.

Interplanting ryegrass and purple perilla at an interval of 0.8m with mandarin orange tree, specifically alternately sowing ryegrass and purple perilla at an interval, wherein the sowing amount of the ryegrass is 0.8kg/667m ² The seeding amount of the purple perilla was 0.3kg/667m ² . The azadirachtin preparation using neem oil as synergist and stabilizer is applied to mandarin orange garden, matrine water as rotation agent, and mineral oil as adjuvant. Predatory mites are released on murraya paniculata, and predatory mite ladybugs are released manually in orchards.

The mandarin orange trees in the mandarin orange garden are divided into fruiting trees and leisure trees which respectively account for 1/2 of the total amount, and fertilization and pruning are respectively carried out.

Fertilizing fruit trees: and (3) completing groove drawing fertilization (length multiplied by width multiplied by height =55 multiplied by 45) at the beginning of 12 months, applying 20kg of biogas residues to each mandarin orange tree, and additionally adding 2kg of special fertilizer for the mandarin oranges. Spraying 800 times of green Fengwei No. 2 liquid for 1 time in 2 months, and spraying 500 times of green Kang Huaguo Ling liquid for 1 time every 20 days; spraying 1000 times of green Fengwei 2 liquid for 1 time in 4 months, spraying 500 times of green Kang Huaguo Ling liquid for 1 time in full-bloom stage; spraying foliar fertilizer Lufen Wei No. 2 1000 times liquid for 1 time in last 7 months. And when the symptoms of lack of fertilizer appear, the special fertilizer for the citrus is applied before light rain and after heavy rain.

Pruning a fruiting tree: in spring, a small amount of Cong Shengxing spring tips are thinned and deleted before flower buds bloom; the summer shoots are all erased; in autumn, branch pulling is mainly performed, deformed fruits and sun-burned fruits are removed as auxiliary fruits, upright post branch fixing can be performed in 8 months, and fruit branches can be fixed in a layered branch pulling manner; the winter severe pruning specifically comprises the following steps: (1) pressing the crown, and cutting off the whole part of the crown higher than 2.5m by adopting a shaving and head flattening method; (2) the distribution structure of the second-level branch group and the third-level branch group is adjusted and optimized by a method of picking big branches; (3) retracting, namely performing short-section retracting on the excessively drooping and individually protruded branch groups; (4) the final branch tips are largely deleted, and the deletion amount accounts for two thirds of the final branch tips.

Fertilizing the leisure trees: after 1 in the middle of the month, the fruits are harvested, irrigated with enough water and fertilized by a groove pump (length multiplied by width multiplied by height =55 multiplied by 45 cm) every day, 10kg of biogas residue is applied to each mandarin orange tree, and 1.5kg of special fertilizer for oranges is additionally added. When the symptoms of fertilizer deficiency appear, applying the special citrus fertilizer before light rain and after heavy rain; and (5) applying tip-accelerating fertilizer before and after 6 months and 25 days.

Pruning the leisure tree: moderately cutting a small amount of spring shoots which grow too long and disturb the tree shape, and erasing the spring shoots before the buds appear white; spraying 200mg/kg of the Indocusate for 1 time in the second physiological fruit drop period, and artificially replenishing and thinning reserved and remained fruits in 5 months. And in late 6 months to late 7 months, cutting off the end tip of the last stage with the thickness of less than 0.5cm, and trimming by 40%. The pruning is not carried out in winter.

In last 11 months, when the highest environmental temperature is 20 ℃, film covering is carried out on the honey citrus trees, greenhouse overwintering cultivation management is carried out on the honey citrus trees in the knot orchard, and the total area is 1200m ² The single-span greenhouse is a planting greenhouse with the width of 9m, the distance between a tree crown and a film of 2.0m and the difference between the shoulder height and the top height of 2m, and is covered with a reflective mulching film. Ventilating the greenhouse, specifically ventilating the greenhouse by lifting the skirt film, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse not higher than 25 ℃. After the harvest is finished, when the environmental temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the heat preservation and moisture preservation effects of the greenhouse film are removed, and the film is coated to control the humidity in the seasons with much rainwater, such as 12 months, 3-6 months and the like. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: and removing the top film and the skirt film of the greenhouse. In addition, in the seasons with much rain such as 12 months, 3-6 months and the like, the humidity of the shed roof covering film can be controlled, and the occurrence of diseases can be greatly reduced.

Example 3

And a pest trapping and killing system and a pest repelling system are arranged during mandarin orange cultivation. The method comprises the steps of planting two rows of murraya paniculata with the spacing of 50cm at a position 6m away from the periphery of an orchard, wherein the spacing between every two adjacent murraya paniculata in each row is 60cm, the murraya paniculata, the aristolochia debilis and the acer negundo are planted at the position 60cm away from the murraya paniculata at the outermost layer, the spacing between the murraya paniculata, the aristolochia debilis and the acer negundo is 60cm, namely the plant spacing between each row of murraya paniculata is 60cm, the murraya paniculata, the aristolochia debilis and the acer negundo are planted at the position 60cm away from the murraya paniculata at the outer side, and the spacing between the murraya paniculata, the aristolochia debilis and the acer negundo is 60cm. Fly hunting protein poison bait and systemic insecticide are sprayed on murraya paniculata, cocculus trilobus, aristolochia debilis and Acer negundo.

Every 2hm ² A pest killing lamp is installed in an orange garden, is installed at the junction of a main planted orange and a pest trapping plant, and is hung 50cm higher than a crown.

Interplanting herba Agastaches and Perillae herba at an interval of 0.9m with mandarin orange tree, specifically alternately sowing herba Agastaches and Perillae herba, wherein the sowing amount of herba Agastaches is 0.6kg/667m ² The seeding rate of the purple perilla is 0.25kg/667m ² . The azadirachtin preparation using neem oil as synergist and stabilizer is applied to mandarin orange garden, matrine water as rotation agent, and mineral oil as adjuvant. The spider, the aphid-eating fly and the parasitic wasp are released on the murraya paniculata.

The mandarin orange trees in the mandarin orange garden are divided into fruiting trees and leisure trees which respectively account for 1/2 of the total amount, and fertilization and pruning are respectively carried out.

Fertilizing fruit trees: and (3) completing groove drawing fertilization (length multiplied by width multiplied by height =65 multiplied by 35) in 11 months, applying 30kg of biogas residues to each mandarin orange tree, and adding 3kg of special fertilizer for oranges. Spraying 900 times of green fenobucarb 2 liquid for 1 time in 1 month, and spraying 500 times of green Kang Huaguo liquid for 1 time every 20 days; spraying 1000 times of green Fengwei 2 liquid for 1 time in 4 months, spraying 500 times of green Kang Huaguo Ling liquid for 1 time in full-bloom stage; spraying foliar fertilizer Lufen Wei No. 2 1000 times liquid for 1 time in last 7 months. When the symptoms of fertilizer deficiency appear, the special fertilizer for the oranges is applied before light rain and after heavy rain.

Pruning a fruiting tree: in spring, a small amount of Cong Shengxing spring tips are thinned and deleted before flower buds bloom; removing all summer tips; in autumn, branch pulling is mainly performed, deformed fruits and sun-burned fruits are removed as auxiliary fruits, upright post branch fixing can be performed in 8 months, and fruit branches can be fixed in a layered branch pulling manner; the winter severe pruning specifically comprises the following steps: (1) pressing the crown, and cutting off the whole part of the crown higher than 2.5 meters by adopting a shaving and head flattening method; (2) optimizing the distribution structure of the second-level branch group and the third-level branch group by adopting a method of picking the big branches; (3) retracting, namely performing short-section retracting on the excessively drooping and individually protruded branch groups; (4) the final branch tips are largely deleted, and the deletion amount accounts for two thirds of the final branch tips.

Fertilizing the leisure trees: after fruits are harvested in the middle ten days of 2 months, sufficient water is irrigated, and groove-drawing fertilization (length multiplied by width multiplied by height =65 multiplied by 35 cm) is carried out every other day, 15kg of biogas residues are applied to each mandarin orange tree, and 1.0kg of special citrus fertilizer is additionally added. When the symptoms of fertilizer deficiency appear, applying the special citrus fertilizer before light rain and after heavy rain; and (5) applying a tip accelerating fertilizer before and after 6 months and 25 days.

Pruning the leisure tree: moderately cutting a small amount of spring shoots which grow too long and disturb the tree shape, and erasing the spring shoots before the buds appear white; spraying at 300mg/kg naphthylacetic acid 20 days after full-bloom stage, and artificially loosening remained fruits within 5 months. And in late 6 months to late 7 months, cutting off the end tip of the last stage with the thickness of less than 0.5cm, and trimming by 40%. The pruning is not carried out in winter.

In late 10 months, when the highest environmental temperature is 22 ℃, film covering is carried out on the mandarin orange trees, greenhouse overwintering cultivation management is carried out on the mandarin orange trees in a citrus orchard, and the total area is 1100m ² The single-span greenhouse is a planting greenhouse with the width of 8m, the distance between a tree crown and a film of 1.8m and the difference between the shoulder height and the top height of 3m, and is covered with a reflective mulching film. Ventilating the greenhouse, specifically ventilating the greenhouse by lifting the skirt film, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse not more than 25 ℃. After the harvest is finished, when the environmental temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the heat preservation and moisture preservation effects of the greenhouse film are removed, and the film is covered to control the humidity in the seasons with much rainwater, such as 12 months, 3-6 months and the like. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: and removing the top film and the skirt film of the greenhouse. In addition, in the seasons of 12 months, 3-6 months and the like with much rainwater, the humidity of the film coated on the shed top can be controlled, and the occurrence of diseases can be greatly reduced.

Example 4

And a pest trapping and killing system and a pest repelling system are arranged during mandarin orange cultivation. Planting murraya paniculata with the distance of 70cm at the position 6m away from the periphery of the orchard.

Every 2hm ² A pest killing lamp is installed in an orange garden and is installed at the junction of a main planted orange and a pest trapping plant, and the hanging height of the lamp is 50cm higher than that of a crown.

Interplanting Perillae herba and herba Agastaches at an interval of 1m with mandarin orange tree, specifically alternately sowing Perillae herba and herba Agastaches at an interval of 0.5kg/667m ² The seeding amount of ageratum thistle is 0.5kg/667m ² 。

The mandarin orange trees in the mandarin orange garden are divided into fruiting trees and leisure trees which respectively account for 1/2 of the total amount, and fertilization and pruning are respectively carried out.

Fertilizing fruit trees: and (4) completing groove-drawing fertilization (length multiplied by width multiplied by height =62 multiplied by 42) at 11 months low, and applying 0.8kg cake fertilizer to each mandarin orange tree. Spraying 900 times of green fenobucarb 2 liquid for 1 time in 1 month, and spraying 500 times of green Kang Huaguo liquid for 1 time every 20 days; spraying 1000 times of green Fengwei 2 liquid for 1 time in 4 months, spraying 500 times of green Kang Huaguo Ling liquid for 1 time in full-bloom stage; spraying foliar fertilizer Lufen Wei No. 2 1000 times liquid for 1 time in last 7 months. And when the symptoms of lack of fertilizer appear, the special fertilizer for the citrus is applied before light rain and after heavy rain.

Pruning a fruiting tree: appropriate thinning is carried out on a small amount of Cong Shengxing spring shoots in spring before flower buds bloom; the summer shoots are all erased; in autumn, branch pulling is mainly performed, deformed fruits are removed, sun burning fruits are removed as auxiliary fruits, upright post branch fixing can be performed in 8 months, and fruit branches can be subjected to layered branch pulling and fixing; the winter severe pruning specifically comprises the following steps: (1) pressing the crown, and cutting off the whole part of the crown higher than 2.5 meters by adopting a shaving and head flattening method; (2) the distribution structure of the second-level branch group and the third-level branch group is adjusted and optimized by a method of picking big branches; (3) retracting, namely performing short-section retracting on the excessively drooping and individually protruded branch groups; (4) the final branch tips are deleted in a large amount, and the deletion amount accounts for two thirds of the final branch tips.

Fertilizing the leisure trees: after the fruits are harvested in the middle of 2 months, sufficient water is irrigated and the tank-drawing fertilization (length multiplied by width multiplied by height =62 multiplied by 42) is carried out every other day, 0.3kg cake fertilizer is applied to each mandarin orange tree, and 1.0kg special fertilizer for oranges is additionally added. When the symptoms of fertilizer deficiency appear, applying the special citrus fertilizer before light rain and after heavy rain; and (5) applying tip-promoting fertilizer after 6 months and 25 days.

Pruning the leisure tree: moderately cutting a small amount of spring shoots which grow too long and disturb the tree shape, and erasing the spring shoots before the buds appear white; spraying at 100mg/kg naphthylacetic acid 20 days after full-bloom stage, and artificially loosening preserved and remained fruits in 5 months. And in the late 6 th to the early 7 th, the tail end is cut short by less than 0.5cm in thickness, and the trimming amount is 40%. The pruning is not carried out in winter.

In the last ten days of 10 months, when the highest environmental temperature is 21 ℃, film covering is carried out on the honey citrus trees, greenhouse overwintering cultivation management is carried out on the honey citrus trees in a knot orchard,forming a total area of 1100m ² The single greenhouse is a planting greenhouse with the width of 8m, the distance between a crown and a film of 1.8m and the difference between the shoulder height and the top height of 3m, and is covered with a reflective mulching film. Ventilating the greenhouse and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse not higher than 25 ℃. And after the fruit picking is finished, removing the greenhouse when the environmental temperature is higher than 25 ℃. And in the seasons with much rainwater, such as 12 months, 3-6 months and the like, the humidity is controlled by the film. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: and removing the top film and the skirt film of the greenhouse. In addition, in the seasons with much rain such as 12 months, 3-6 months and the like, the humidity of the shed roof covering film can be controlled, and the occurrence of diseases can be greatly reduced.

Example 5

And a pest trapping and killing system and a pest repelling system are arranged during the cultivation of the mandarin oranges. And planting the acer negundo at a distance of 60cm at a position 7m away from the periphery of the orchard, and spraying systemic insecticide.

And hanging yellow plates at the junction of the mandarin orange tree and the pest trapping plant at intervals of 1m in a surrounding manner.

Interplanting Perillae herba and herba Agastaches at an interval of 1m with mandarin orange tree, specifically alternately sowing Perillae herba and herba Agastaches at an interval of 0.25kg/667m ² The seeding amount of ageratum thistle is 1kg/667m ² 。

The mandarin orange trees in the mandarin orange garden are divided into fruiting trees and leisure trees which respectively account for 1/2 of the total amount, and fertilization and pruning are respectively carried out.

Fertilizing fruit trees: and (4) finishing groove-drawing fertilization (length multiplied by width multiplied by height =58 multiplied by 38) at the low of 11 months, and applying 1.2kg of cake fertilizer and 2.5kg of citrus special fertilizer to each mandarin orange tree. Spraying 850 times of green Fengwei 2 liquid for 1 time in 1 month, and spraying 500 times of green Kang Huaguo liquid for 1 time every 20 days; spraying 1000 times of green Fengwei 2 liquid for 1 time in 4 months, spraying 500 times of green Kang Huaguo Ling liquid for 1 time in full-bloom stage; spraying foliar fertilizer Lufen Wei No. 2 1000 times liquid for 1 time in last 7 months. And when the symptoms of lack of fertilizer appear, the special fertilizer for the citrus is applied before light rain and after heavy rain.

Pruning a fruiting tree: in spring, a small amount of Cong Shengxing spring tips are thinned and deleted before flower buds bloom; removing all summer tips; in autumn, branch pulling is mainly performed, deformed fruits are removed, sun burning fruits are removed as auxiliary fruits, upright post branch fixing can be performed in 8 months, and fruit branches can be subjected to layered branch pulling and fixing; the winter severe pruning specifically comprises the following steps: (1) pressing crown, cutting off the part of the crown higher than 2.5m by shaving and flattening head; (2) the distribution structure of the second-level branch group and the third-level branch group is adjusted and optimized by a method of picking big branches; (3) retracting, namely performing short-section retracting on the excessively drooping and individually protruded branch groups; (4) the final branch tips are largely deleted, and the deletion amount accounts for two thirds of the final branch tips.

Fertilizing the leisure trees: after the fruits are harvested in the middle of 2 months, sufficient water is irrigated and the tank-drawing fertilization (length multiplied by width multiplied by height =62 multiplied by 42 cm) is carried out every other day, and 0.7kg cake fertilizer is applied to each mandarin orange tree. When the symptoms of fertilizer deficiency appear, applying the special citrus fertilizer before light rain and after heavy rain; and (5) applying tip promoting fertilizer after 6 months and 25 days.

Pruning the leisure tree: moderately cutting a small amount of spring shoots which grow too long and disturb the tree shape, and erasing the spring shoots before the buds appear white; spraying the ascorbic acid 200mg/kg at the dose of 10-15 days after the citrus withers flowers, and artificially filling and loosening reserved and remained fruits in 5 months. And in the late 6 th to the early 7 th, the tail end is cut short by less than 0.5cm in thickness, and the trimming amount is 40%. The pruning is not carried out in winter.

In last 11 months, when the highest environmental temperature is 21 ℃, film covering is carried out on the honey citrus trees, greenhouse overwintering cultivation management is carried out on the honey citrus trees in the knot orchard, and the total area is 1050m ² The single greenhouse is a planting greenhouse with the width of 7.5m, the distance between a crown and a film of 1.2m and the difference between the shoulder height and the top height of 2m, and is covered with a reflective mulching film. Ventilating the greenhouse, specifically ventilating the greenhouse by lifting the skirt film, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse not higher than 25 ℃. After the harvest is finished, when the environmental temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the heat preservation and moisture preservation effects of the greenhouse film are removed, and the film is covered to control the humidity in the seasons with much rainwater, such as 12 months, 3-6 months and the like. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: and removing the top film and the skirt film of the greenhouse. In addition, in the seasons with much rain such as 12 months, 3-6 months and the like, the humidity of the shed roof covering film can be controlled, and the occurrence of diseases can be greatly reduced.

Example 6

And a pest trapping and killing system and a pest repelling system are arranged during the cultivation of the mandarin oranges. The distance between the fourstamen stephania root and the birthwort is 40cm at 6.5m away from the periphery of the orchard, and the sugar-vinegar liquid is used as poison bait.

Every 2hm ² An insecticidal lamp is installed in an orange garden and installed in a main planting orange to lure pestsAnd at the junction of the concentrated plants, the hanging height is 50cm higher than the crown.

Planting herba Agastaches at a distance of 1m with mandarin orange tree, wherein the planting amount of herba Agastaches is 0.7kg/667m ² 。

The mandarin orange trees in the mandarin orange garden are divided into fruiting trees and leisure trees which respectively account for 1/2 of the total amount, and fertilization and pruning are respectively carried out.

Fertilizing fruit trees: the tank-drawing fertilization (length × width × height =62 × 42 × 42 cm) was completed at 11 months low, and 1.0kg cake fertilizer was applied to each mandarin orange tree. Spraying 900 times of green fenobucarb 2 liquid for 1 time in 1 month, and spraying 500 times of green Kang Huaguo liquid for 1 time every 20 days; spraying 1000 times of green Fengwei No. 2 liquid for 1 time in 4 months, and spraying 500 times of Cuikang Huaguoling liquid for 1 time in full-bloom stage; spraying foliar fertilizer Lufen Wei No. 2 1000 times liquid for 1 time in last 7 months. And when the symptoms of lack of fertilizer appear, the special fertilizer for the citrus is applied before light rain and after heavy rain.

Pruning a fruiting tree: in spring, a small amount of Cong Shengxing spring tips are thinned and deleted before flower buds bloom; the summer shoots are all erased; in autumn, branch pulling is mainly performed, deformed fruits are removed, sun burning fruits are removed as auxiliary fruits, upright post branch fixing can be performed in 8 months, and fruit branches can be subjected to layered branch pulling and fixing; the winter severe pruning specifically comprises the following steps: (1) pressing the crown, and cutting off the whole part of the crown higher than 2.5 meters by adopting a shaving and head flattening method; (2) the distribution structure of the second-level branch group and the third-level branch group is adjusted and optimized by a method of picking big branches; (3) retracting, namely performing short-section retracting on the excessively drooping and individually protruded branch groups; (4) the final branch tips are deleted in a large amount, and the deletion amount accounts for two thirds of the final branch tips.

Fertilizing the leisure trees: after fruits are harvested in middle of 2 months, sufficient water is irrigated, and groove-drawing fertilization (length multiplied by width multiplied by height =62 multiplied by 42 cm) is carried out every other day, 0.5kg of cake fertilizer is applied to each mandarin orange tree, and 1.2kg of special fertilizer for oranges is additionally added. When the symptoms of fertilizer deficiency appear, applying the special citrus fertilizer before light rain and after heavy rain; and (5) about 6 months and 25 days, and applying tip-accelerating fertilizer.

Pruning the leisure tree: moderately cutting a small amount of spring shoots which grow too long and disturb the tree shape, and erasing the spring shoots before the buds appear white; spraying the liquid with 200mg/kg of naphthylacetic acid 25 days after full-bloom period, and artificially replenishing and thinning the remained fruits in 5 months. And in late 6 months to late 7 months, cutting off the end tip of the last stage with the thickness of less than 0.5cm, and trimming by 40%. The pruning is not carried out in winter.

In last ten days of 10 months, when the highest environmental temperature is 22 ℃, film covering is carried out on the honey citrus trees, greenhouse overwintering cultivation management is carried out on the honey citrus trees in a knot orchard, and the total area is 1100m ² The single-span greenhouse is a planting greenhouse with the width of 8.5m, the distance between a crown and a film of 1.8m and the difference between the shoulder height and the top height of 1.5m, and is covered with a reflective mulching film. Ventilating the greenhouse, specifically ventilating the greenhouse by lifting the skirt film, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse not higher than 25 ℃. And after the fruit picking is finished, removing the greenhouse when the environmental temperature is higher than 25 ℃. And in the seasons with much rainwater, such as 12 months, 3-6 months and the like, the humidity is controlled by film coating. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: and removing the top film and the skirt film of the greenhouse. In addition, in the seasons with much rain such as 12 months, 3-6 months and the like, the humidity of the shed roof covering film can be controlled, and the occurrence of diseases can be greatly reduced.

Comparative example 1

The mandarin orange cultivation method of comparative example 1 is similar to that of example 1, except that the pest trapping and killing system and the pest repelling system of the present invention are not provided in comparative example 1, and clear cultivation is performed between lines of mandarin orange trees; otherwise, the fertilization, trimming and overwintering management were the same as those of example 1.

Comparative example 2

The mandarin orange cultivation method of comparative example 2 is similar to that of example 1, except that greenhouse overwintering management is not adopted in comparative example 2, open-air management is performed only in winter, and pest control, fertilization, and trimming methods are the same as those of example 1.

Comparative example 3

The mandarin orange cultivation method of comparative example 3 is similar to that of example 1, except that in comparative example 3, the mandarin orange trees in the orchard are not managed as fruiting trees and leisure trees, the same fertilization and pruning method is adopted for all fruit trees, and pest control and winter greenhouse overwintering are the same as those in example 1.

In the course of comparative example 1 and examples 1-6, the number of main pests in the orchards of comparative example 1 and examples 1-6 were compared, the pest numbers were compared with citrus red mites, citrus leaf miners, aphids, and the number of shoot tips damaged by citrus longicorn, and the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 treatment of major pests in citrus orchard by different methods of pest control

As can be seen from Table 1, in the cultivation of mandarin orange by adopting the orchard pest ecological regulation and control method based on the push-pull strategy, the quantity of various pests is obviously reduced, the quantity of branch tips damaged by the pests is also greatly reduced, the output of the mandarin orange is increased, and the quality of the mandarin orange can be improved.

After the harvest of comparative example 2 and examples 1-6, the quality of the mandarin oranges cultivated in comparative example 2 and examples 1-6 were compared, and the results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Citrus reticulata quality

As can be seen from Table 2, the greenhouse overwintering management method can effectively improve the content of soluble solid, vitamin C and total sugar in the mandarin oranges and reduce the content of total acid, thereby improving the sugar-acid ratio of the mandarin oranges and improving the quality of the mandarin oranges.

After the harvest of the comparative example 3 and the examples 1 to 6, the ratio of the total yield of the mandarin orange of each grade obtained by comparing the cultivation methods of the comparative example 3 and the examples 1 to 6 is shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 ratio of Citrus reticulata to Total yield for each grade

As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the mandarin oranges in the orchard are divided into fruiting trees and leisure trees for alternate bearing management every other year, so that high quality, high yield and stable yield of the mandarin oranges in each year can be guaranteed, and the economic benefit of the orchard can be effectively improved; the ratio of the medium-grade fruit to the medium-grade fruit of the mandarin orange planted by the method is higher, the value and the market price of the medium-grade fruit and the medium-grade fruit are higher, and the economic benefit of mandarin orange cultivation can be obviously increased.

In conclusion, the orchard pest ecological regulation and control method and the Wenzhou mandarin orange cultivation method based on the push-pull strategy can ensure the quality safety of the mandarin oranges, greatly reduce or even avoid the residual risk of chemical agents in mandarin orange trees and mandarin orange fruits, and can also reduce the adverse effect on the environment; the cultivation method can effectively overcome the problem of the year and year of the wenzhou mandarin orange cultivation, ensures that the mandarin oranges in each year can have high yield, and obviously improves the ratio of high-quality fruits; the method can also effectively prolong the picking period of the early-maturing Wenzhou mandarin oranges, improve the quality of the mandarin oranges and greatly increase the economic benefit of mandarin orange planting.

The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An orchard pest ecological regulation and control method based on a push-pull strategy is characterized by comprising the steps of setting a pest push-pull regulation and control system, wherein the pest push-pull regulation and control system comprises a pest trapping and killing system and a pest repelling system, the pest trapping and killing system comprises the steps of planting pest trapping plants and installing trapping and killing devices on the periphery of an orchard, the distance between the pest trapping plants and the orchard is 4-8m, and the distance between the pest trapping plants is 40-80cm;

the pest trapping plant comprises one or more of Murraya paniculata, cocculus trilobus, aristolochia debilis and Acer negundo;

the said pestsThe insect repelling system comprises a fruit garden with the inner part of 0.25-1kg/667m ² The distance between the anthelmintic raw grass and the fruit tree is 0.8-1m;

the anthelmintic raw herb comprises perilla and/or ageratum.

2. The orchard pest ecological regulation and control method based on push-pull strategy according to claim 2, characterized in that the anthelmintic grasses comprise sowing quantities of 0.5-1kg/667m ² The ageratum thistle of (1); the seeding rate of the purple perilla is 0.25-0.5kg/667m ² 。

3. The ecological orchard pest control method according to claim 1, wherein when the pest trapping plants include murraya paniculata, aristolochia debilis and acer negundo, two rows of murraya paniculata are planted at a position 4m away from the orchard, the spacing between the two rows of murraya paniculata is 50cm, the planting distance of each row of murraya paniculata is 50-80cm, the murraya paniculata, the aristolochia debilis and the acer negundo are sequentially planted on one side of the two rows of murraya paniculata away from the orchard, and the planting distance of the murraya paniculata, the aristolochia debilis and the acer negundo is 50-80cm.

4. The orchard pest ecological regulation method of claim 1, wherein the insect repellent grasses further comprise ryegrass.

5. The ecological orchard pest control method according to claim 1, wherein the pest trapping system further comprises trapping pests with poison baits and spraying systemic insecticides on the pest trapping plants;

the trapping and killing device comprises a yellow plate and/or a trapping and killing lamp;

the pest evasion system also comprises a repellent agent applied to the orchard and a natural enemy of the pest artificially attracted.

6. A wenzhou mandarin orange cultivation method is characterized in that the orchard pest ecological regulation method based on the push-pull strategy is used for regulating and field managing an mandarin orange orchard until the mandarin oranges are harvested, wherein the orchard pest ecological regulation method is defined in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The cultivation method of satsuma mandarin orange according to claim 6, wherein the field management comprises: dividing fruit trees into fruiting trees and leisure trees, wherein the fruiting trees and the leisure trees alternately bear fruits every other year, and applying 20-30kg of biogas residues or 0.8-1.2kg of cake fertilizers as base fertilizers to each fruiting tree; applying 10-15kg of biogas residues or 0.3-0.7kg of cake fertilizer as base fertilizer to each leisure tree; thinning and deleting cluster spring shoots of each fruiter and erasing summer shoots of the fruiters, and carrying out severe pruning in winter; cutting off spring tips and summer tips of each leisure tree and removing flowers and fruits of the leisure trees.

8. The cultivation method of satsuma mandarin oranges according to claim 7, wherein the time for applying base fertilizer to the fruiting tree is 11 months-12 months, and the time for spraying foliar fertilizer is 1-2 months, 4 months and 7 months, and foliar fertilizer is respectively sprayed; the time for applying the base fertilizer to the leisure trees is 1-2 months.

9. The cultivation method of satsuma mandarin orange according to claim 7, wherein the application of the base fertilizer is performed as follows: forming a groove along the water dripping line position of the crown of each fruiting tree and each leisure tree, and applying a base fertilizer into the groove; the length of the groove is 55-65cm, the width is 35-45cm, and the depth is 35-45cm.

10. The cultivation method of satsuma mandarin orange according to claim 7, wherein the field management further comprises greenhouse film covering cultivation management of citrus reticulata in a citrus orchard at an ambient temperature of 20-25 ℃, and mulching films are covered in the citrus reticulata and the ambient temperature in the citrus reticulata is kept less than 25 ℃.