CN1153684C - 涂有粘合剂薄膜的粘贴方法 - Google Patents

涂有粘合剂薄膜的粘贴方法 Download PDF

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CN1153684C
CN1153684C CNB008043272A CN00804327A CN1153684C CN 1153684 C CN1153684 C CN 1153684C CN B008043272 A CNB008043272 A CN B008043272A CN 00804327 A CN00804327 A CN 00804327A CN 1153684 C CN1153684 C CN 1153684C
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film
pressure source
ground
pining
source
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CN1341057A (zh
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R��S��˹�ٶ���
R·S·斯蒂尔曼
ά
J·R·戴维
�Ÿ���˹
P·A·雅各布斯
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Abstract

使用热源和热中性的压力源将涂有粘合剂的薄膜贴到表面，特别是不规则表面上，该薄膜经软化能重新形成和表面贴合的形状，而不会损害粘贴处的薄膜，还揭示了敷贴器，它能获得大大超过传统技术的人力节省和质量改善。

Description

涂有粘合剂薄膜的粘贴方法
(1)技术领域
本发明涉及将涂有粘合剂的薄膜粘贴到底材、特别是具有不规则表面的底材表面上的节省人力和改善粘结质量的制品和方法。
(2)背景技术
今天，涂有粘合剂的塑料薄膜，特别是涂有压敏粘合剂和压力激活粘合剂的聚氯乙烯薄膜，出于多种原因如广告、装饰、保护等被贴到各种表面上。那些表面中有许多都有铆钉和其它的凸起或凹陷，如载重拖车侧壁。当薄膜贴到或粘到这些不规则表面时，薄膜会变形使粘合剂与不规则表面接触。薄膜在这种不规则部位的残余应力通常超过粘合剂的握力，从而导致薄膜从所粘处表面隆起，特别是不规则表面如载重拖车的铆钉周围或加固载重拖车侧壁的肋板。
粘贴不规则表面的现有技术包括，用小的塑料刮板贴大多数薄膜，在凸起或凹陷周围留出一块小区域。薄膜基本粘到不规则表面后，用一种热源、通常是热气枪或喷灯来加热薄膜，以将铆钉处的隆起处理到最小，粘贴就完成了。一般当薄膜架在各种表面不规则部位(概称为凸起或凹陷)周围区域时对薄膜加热。薄膜不与现有工具接触，因为它十分柔软，并稍有粘性。如果接触了就会受到损坏。由于薄膜质量低而热源温度高，加热速率为每秒几百摄氏度。也产生了相似的冷却速率。当用一种工具，一般为用于肋板的刮板或用于铆钉的铆钉刷将薄膜贴进位置时，温度只略高于室温。这的确提供并改善了不加热压贴薄膜的方法，因为延迟薄膜结晶时间使薄膜更服贴。铆钉刷通常是一种硬刷，其直径通常为2.54厘米，有1.25厘米长的硬毛固定在短木柄上。如果由于加热使薄膜太柔软，那么在用铆钉刷作圆周运动与薄膜接触时薄膜就很可能损坏。如果薄膜太冷，就不能消去足够的应力，最后会导致隆起。为了试图减轻残余应力，薄膜通常在粘贴后加热，但是薄膜所能上升的温度会受到薄膜下金属表面导热性的限制。因此本领域中的技术人员很难有把握在不损伤薄膜结构或外观的情况下充分软化薄膜，将涂有粘合剂的薄膜粘到不规则表面上。如果受到损伤，该部位的薄膜强度就会削弱，并降低了薄膜的耐久性。如果薄膜上有图象，图象会在损坏部位扭曲或破坏。即使图象有载重拖车侧壁壁画那么大，图象的变形对拖车车主、拖车壁画上显示的产品销售商、以及投入大量劳力和精力将图象薄膜贴到拖车侧壁上的图形粘贴者来说，还是十分醒目和令人不悦的。
如果由于残余应力使薄膜隆起，薄膜会破裂、剥离或损坏，或者不能符合表面本应具有的类似喷漆外观的期望。
(3)发明内容
发明概述
本发明提供了一种将涂有粘合剂的薄膜粘贴到底材的方法，它通过将薄膜加热至薄膜软化点，并用“热压力源(Heat Neutral Pressure Source)”提供的压力将软化薄膜贴到底材上。
本发明还提供了一种软化薄膜和将薄膜粘贴到底材上表面的制品，该制品包括一个热源和“热中性压力源”，其中热源和“热中性压力源”把热量和压力导向表面上薄膜和表面的接触相交部位。
附图简要说明
图1是本发明制品的透视图。
图2是本发明制品第二个实施方式的透视图。
图3是本发明制品第三个实施方式的透视图。
图4是本发明制品另一个实施方式的图。
图5是本发明制品另一个实施方式的图。
发明详述
本发明考虑了贴到平整及不规则表面上的涂有粘合剂的塑料薄膜、特别是聚氯乙烯薄膜的粘合问题，从而改善外观和耐久性等。对于本发明来说，“不规则表面”是指由于凸起、凹陷或其它非平面几何部位的存在，不能使涂有粘合剂的薄膜与之完全贴合的表面。因为薄膜在粘贴时，特别是贴到不规则表面时通常会被拉伸，压敏粘合剂必须在不同应力下使薄膜紧贴表面。以前，只有涂高性能粘合剂的薄膜能成功地用于这种应用。一些最为普遍的难粘贴表面包括波纹状和有铆钉的卡车侧壁、弯曲的汽车面板、容器中的槽和车辆等。
令人惊讶的是，本发明为热塑性薄膜提供了优良粘合性，使其能粘贴到高度不规则或有高度纹理的表面如混凝土、水泥块、灰泥、砖、织物表面、地毯表面等。不用本发明的方法贴到这种表面上的薄膜有明显部位未与底材表面接触，特别是薄膜边缘。用本发明的方法贴到这种表面上的薄膜具有在表面上喷漆的外观，这是因为薄膜和底材紧密贴合。此外，薄膜边缘更好地和底材紧密贴合，因此减少了路人剥去薄膜的诱惑。
对于本发明来说，“有高度纹理的表面”是指非常不均匀的表面，4密尔薄膜用4千克辊压物贴到该表面时，薄膜与表面的接触面积少于其表面积的90％。
对于尝试过粘贴壁纸的任何人都很容易了解，将涂有粘合剂的薄膜贴到垂直表面是极其繁重和花费时间的。将这种材料贴到难以粘贴的表面如载重拖车就更困难了。至少墙壁通常是平整的且不含复杂几何表面或不规则表面。通常壁纸部分尺寸约为70厘米宽和2.5米长。在本发明的有关领域中，涂有粘合剂的薄膜是在大为不同的环境下粘贴到载重拖车垂直侧壁上的：底材遍布外形不规则部位，且薄膜部分尺寸约120厘米宽及约3米长。该粘贴过程需要技术十分熟练的人员，且该过程需要极长的时间：每部载重拖车大约要用22小时。
本领域的先前方法需要对每个铆钉区域进行个别处理，包括先在薄膜上打孔以排出空气，加热薄膜至薄膜略微软化，最后用刷子作圆周运动并施加固定压力将薄膜压贴在底材上。由于这种粘贴过程中需要压力和作圆周运动，薄膜在刷到位置上时不可能十分柔软。薄膜必须要冷却到薄膜的结构完整性能承受刷子在上面施加力的温度。用本领域的先前方法粘贴每部至少几个铆钉的拖车，铆钉上出现薄膜损坏或错位并不是罕见的。与之相反的是，本发明允许将薄膜单道粘贴到每个铆钉的底材上，而不用担心铆钉刷打旋的贴涂力会使薄膜撕裂或其它损伤。这种粘涂技术的差异能将薄膜贴到有铆钉载重拖车的粘贴时间减少约50％。
实际上完全软化薄膜以消去全部残余应力，并仍用传统工具粘贴薄膜而不损伤薄膜是不可能的。此外，缺乏对加热过程的控制以及加热后薄膜的高速冷却，即使使用了高性能粘合剂并由熟练粘贴工操作，通常也会导致不一致的结果。
短期广告市场，即约少于12个月的展示，很希望使用涂有可除去粘合剂的薄膜。涂有可除去粘合剂的薄膜主要用于平整表面，这是因为粘合剂不足以承受用先前本领域技术粘贴到不平整表面留下的残余应力。用来完全松弛薄膜所需的热量比只用标准刮板和铆钉刷粘贴所能施加的热量高很多。
对于本发明来说，“热中性压力源(Heat Neutral Pressure Source)”是一种在薄膜接触点具有导热特性和表面特性的压力源，这样在按照本发明方法将薄膜粘贴到表面期间，薄膜在几乎熔化时就不会粘到热中性压力源了。
至于说到导热特性，薄膜在压力下粘贴到底材表面上时，“热中性压力源”的薄膜接触部位的组合物不会明显地将热量传导到或传导出薄膜表面。换句话说，该组合物具有低导热率，但却能承受高温。优选的压力源导热率用ASTM C-518测得小于1.8BTU/hr-in-ft2-°F。
至于说到“热中性压力源”的表面特性，装置的薄膜接触部位具有一种几何形状，这样软化或熔化的薄膜就不会变形或粘到薄膜上，从而导致薄膜撕裂或其它损伤。因此，例如，虽然棉花是低导热性的材料，但棉手套作为“热中性压力源”用于某些薄膜材料却不合适，这是因为其表面存在纤维和其它这样的不规则物会提供高度软化或熔化的薄膜在其中流动的缝隙，而且还会粘到高度软化的薄膜上。所以棉手套的表面特性在试图进行本发明过程时会造成薄膜外观破坏。
对任何用作“热中性压力源”的特定材料符合特定薄膜的适用性的快速和惯用的确定方法是，将适于贴到预定底材的涂有粘合剂的薄膜贴到不规则表面(如载重拖车车壁的铆钉部位)上，加热未接触部位的薄膜直至接近其熔点，用要测试的材料立即将薄膜基本垂直地压贴到底材上(不施加旋转力)。如果薄膜粘到材料上，或因为材料而受到损坏，该材料就不适于用作“热中性压力源”。
优选压力源具有的压缩性使要粘贴的薄膜和要被粘贴的底材能完全接触。所以，如果预定底材含有伸出底材平面的铆钉，不具有压缩性的压力源就不能使突出的铆钉周围贴合，并因此使铆钉基部的薄膜未接触或“隆起”。优选的压力源使压力源在预定应用会遇到的任何不规则部位周围都能完全服贴或贴合。优选材料的泊松比小于1，更优选的是小于0.9。
优选的压力源是泡沫材料。这种材料在适当选择时能提供高度的贴合性，另外还有很低的导热性。更优选的压力源是一种开孔泡沫材料。最优选的压力源具有均一的表面结构，这样在放到熔化的薄膜材料上时，薄膜不会显现压力源产生的可见结构印记。本发明特别优选的压力源是手提式涂抹型器件，它能在底材表面的特定不规则部位周围提供局部的压力。涂抹工具的优选表面积为略大于卡车常见铆钉的面积。因此，优选的压力施加器件的施压表面直径约7厘米。或者，“热中性压力源”以辊的形式，很像涂漆辊。辊的优选宽度取决于粘贴应用。对于要将薄膜贴到波纹表面或有铆钉的表面的粘贴过程，通常优选宽度为2-15厘米的辊。所以“热中性压力源”优选设计成在粘贴过程中能对底材施加基本垂直力以及对薄膜很少或几乎没有横向力。
最优选的压力源是一种开孔发泡有机硅材料。
在本发明的方法中，要贴到底材的薄膜被加热到软化温度，也就是说，与室温下薄膜行为相比薄膜具有高度的挠曲性和柔软性。更优选的是，薄膜被加热到接近其熔融温度——刚好低于薄膜会脱色或产生孔洞的温度。
在本发明的一个方面中，将涂有粘合剂的薄膜贴到底材上的方法是通过加热薄膜至薄膜软化点，并用“热中性压力源”施加压力将软化的薄膜贴到底材上。可选的是，整张薄膜可同时加热和粘贴。或者，薄膜不加热就贴到不规则表面上，使薄膜和底材的接触达到最大。这样的粘贴过程第一步会留下一些实际上并未和底材接触、但在粘合的接触部位之间“隆起”的薄膜部位。然后将薄膜的这些未与底材接触的部位加热至薄膜软化点，并用“热中性压力源”施加压力贴到底材上。所以，“热中性压力源”实际上用于移动软化薄膜使之和底材接触。令人惊奇的是，由于“压力源”的热导性和表面特性，薄膜会完全贴合在表面上而不会损伤薄膜。
优选的加热和施压方式如前所述，是用热源和独立的压力源进行的。这是一项二个人的操作，其中一个人操作热源，另一个人使用压力源紧随其后。更为优选的是，一个人一手用手提式热源(很像吹风机，单手)，另一手用手提式压力源(很像涂抹工具)实施该方法。因此，该方法先用一手加热，然后立即用另一手施压，沿着一排铆钉或相似物向下，以一种节奏性的动作进行。
在本发明的方法中，通常希望先立即在表面不规则部位周围的薄膜上打好气孔，该部位薄膜在加热前未与底材接触。这种气孔为薄膜和底材间封闭的空气提供了排出的途径。优选的压力源向薄膜施压时允许空气排出，这样压力源施压就不会妨碍空气从气孔排出了。最优选的泡沫材料是一种开孔泡沫材料，它易于使空气传输。优选的压力源泡沫材料的泡孔不是很大，所以不会把泡孔图案印在软化薄膜上。因此，优选的压力源泡孔直径约不大于0.5毫米，更优选的不大于0.2毫米。
本发明特别优选的压力源具有一种在粘贴薄膜时和软化薄膜接触的低能量表面。这种低能量表面包括有机硅材料或涂有有机硅的材料。其它这种低能量表面包括含有全氟化材料或涂料或低粘性背胶领域中已知的其它这种材料。
本发明的另一个方面是，所提供的加热和施压全套工具包括一个适用于加热薄膜的热源和一个热中性的压力源，压力源与热源结合使用将薄膜贴到预定底材上。本发明的另一个方面是提供了一种对涂有粘合剂的薄膜既能加热又能施压的单一制品。
本发明的另一个方面是，将涂有粘合剂的薄膜贴到具有表面的底材上的方法，包括用本发明制品在表面加热和施压以将薄膜贴到底材上的步骤，其中制品上的压力源是热中性的。
本发明的另一个方面是，将涂有粘合剂的薄膜贴到具有表面的底材上的节省劳力的方法，其包括的步骤有：(a)将薄膜分配给学会使用本发明敷贴器和本发明方法的团体；(b)可任选地让该团体在薄膜上印制图象；(c)让该团体用粘贴全套工具或敷贴器以及运用粘贴方法将薄膜贴到底材上。
本发明的一项特色是，制品以一种提供薄膜在表面不规则部位或复杂几何形状的热作用和机械作用的时空方式，且以压力源是热中性的方式，对底材上的表面不规则部位既能加热又能施压。
本发明的另一项特色是，制品在粘贴时以在粘贴前将贴到平整表面的薄膜的微小应力消除的方式在大块平整表面某一部位提供这样的热量和压力。
本发明使劳力得到了极大的节省，将图象薄膜贴到有复杂几何形状或不规则表面的大块垂直底材所需的全部总花费充分降低。即使薄膜的成本是固定的，劳力节省也能将未印刷薄膜贴到波纹状和有铆钉拖车上所需的总花费削减50％。此外，本发明能将薄膜以相对较低的应力和/或薄膜复原性贴到拖车和其它难贴的环境区域上，这样不太强力的粘合剂就可用于这些难贴环境。因此就更易于使用可除去或可重定位的粘合剂了。这是一项重要的优点，因为由于现在可以使用强度较低的粘合剂，最终使用者现在就可更容易地揭去本发明的薄膜。揭除这种薄膜的花费可降低约50％。
优选的本发明敷敷贴器和方法几乎无需培训就能使用，这样即使不太熟练的职工或顾客都能操作该敷贴器，将薄膜正确贴到底材上。
预计本发明能提供更大的选择范围粘合剂将薄膜贴到表面，包括任何压敏粘合剂，压力激活粘合剂和热活化粘合剂。
此外，预计现在有更大选择范围的的薄膜可用于将图象贴到各种底材上，如一般无法用于图象粘贴的弹性薄膜。这些薄膜在粘贴到不平整底材上时通常表现出很大的弹性复原性，现在就能在粘贴过程中用加热松弛以消除残余应力。这使得许多不同类型的弹性薄膜，即无法用于图象粘贴的薄膜也能用贴到不平整表面上，如未取向聚烯烃薄膜、聚氨酯薄膜、离聚物树脂薄膜、丙烯酸类薄膜、氟弹性薄膜和类似薄膜。
另外，本发明可以使用显示出良好操作性和耐久性的刚性薄膜，因为这种薄膜现在能在贴到不规则或复杂曲面时软化以贴合了。刚性薄膜的例子有聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯薄膜、刚性聚氯乙烯薄片、聚酯薄膜、取向聚烯烃薄膜、聚碳酸酯薄片、苯乙烯薄片等。
附图详述
图1是本发明制品图。敷贴器10有一个热源12和一个压力源14，其中压力源由热中性材料构成。薄膜30贴到底材50的表面40上，薄膜30已贴在位置52上，而薄膜30还未贴在位置54上。敷贴器沿着方向60移动。热源12有一个喷嘴70，用于把热量直接施加在位置54处的薄膜30上，然后用辊形式的压力源14接触薄膜30，辊的构成材料能贴合底材50的表面40上的各种表面不规则和复杂几何部位。位置54处的薄膜30承受热和压力的交汇，而不是在压力源14内部兼有热量和压力。因此，薄膜30在和表面40接触前加热，但任何热散逸都通过底材50而不是压力源14。这样，出人意料地，热和压力在薄膜30的交汇就不会损害薄膜30的结构或损坏可能印有图案的表面了。
图2显示了表面敷贴器110，用于被设计成具有铆钉和/或波纹曲线的表面不规则部位的底材(例如，多用途运载车如载重拖车或厢式送货车)，敷贴器110有一个热源112和一个贴合表面的压力源114，通过机座116连到主手柄118。任选的，但是优选的敷贴器110还有次手柄120用于控制敷贴器110的方向，感温器122用于测量热源112的温度。温度控制器124用于控制和任选地显示感温器122测出的温度。机座116应能坚固地支承敷贴器的其它元件，但要份量轻，并可由像轻金属或刚性聚合物这样的材料制成。
热源112可以是任何能产生温度的热源，它使薄膜保持在薄膜软化点直至被压力源114压贴到不规则或复杂表面上。在该温度下，薄膜是软化的，并且表现出很少或没有恢复的倾向，从而使薄膜能服帖地粘贴到不规则表面或复杂表面上。优选的温度范围约从150℃到350℃，取决于要软化的薄膜组成。这种热源的非限制性例子包括产生热气的热气枪；产生红外辐射的石英加热器；丙烷；以及类似物。这种热源112的电源、带有风扇的电或燃料热元件或压缩气源可连到机座116，或远离机座116。优选的热源112是至少300瓦特功率的电热元件，带有感温器122和温度控制器124。如图2所示，用热源112加热的气源可以是连到机座116的远程吹风机125。
敷贴器110有一个压力源114，它具有低导热性的贴合表面。压力源114一般是一种用来将薄膜压入位置的表面，它应贴合底材表面的不规则部位，并应保持来自于热源112的热量直至薄膜被压到与底材表面接触。在图2的实施方式中，用辊114以装在机座116上的轴126为中心滚动。既有贴合表面又有低导热性的非限制性例子包括天然或合成橡胶；聚氨酯聚合物；有机硅聚合物(如Rogers 800PoronTM有机硅泡沫材料，英寸厚)；氟弹性体；以及这些材料的特殊泡沫形式等。
通过沿轴线调整机座116上次手柄120的位置，使之处于热源112和压力源114在贴到底材的薄膜上的交汇点附近，敷贴器的使用被加强了。次手柄的这种前进位置，随着主手柄118跟踪热源112和压力源114的相交点，产生敷贴器110沿底材粘贴的轴X-X。该轴X-X有助于使人控制敷贴器的方向，从而省力、单道地使用敷贴器110。
敷贴器110的构造能将热量绕偏转板128传输给喷嘴130或喷嘴132。热量流向通过挡板134分配，挡板带有活动翼用来阻止热气流入喷嘴130或喷嘴132。通过连到手柄120的键136来控制挡板134，手柄能沿轴X-X向前或向后转动。因此，用敷贴器110的人员只需轻微动作就可移动手柄120来控制到达薄膜的热量流向了。这种流向控制使敷贴器在沿轴X-X的两个方向上都能被使用，因为在用压力将薄膜贴到底材之前加热薄膜是本发明的特色。
图3显示了图1所示实施方式的另一实施方式。图中，敷贴器310有一个热源312和一个压力源314来将薄膜330贴到底材350的表面340上。热源312以辐射形式如红外线对薄膜330加热。这种方式不像图1和图2所示的实施方式那样用对流来传热给薄膜。
图4显示了图1和图3所示实施方式的另一个实施方式。该实施方式中，敷贴器410有一个热源412和一个压力源414，但热源412加热方向的薄膜430在贴到底材450的表面440上之前是绕在压力源414上的。该实施方式证明，压力源将薄膜贴到底材时薄膜的加热位置可以出现在压力源上。
图5显示的实施方式用于图象底材表面上的不同类型表面不规则部位或复杂表面：用于在底材反面将表面连到加强板的铆钉。载重拖车或厢式送货车上的铆钉数量极多，而且要花很多时间确保薄膜粘在该处。在该实施方式中，敷贴器510有一个热源512和一个压力源514，压力源514是环绕热源512的环。环状压力源514的尺寸设计成适合铆钉拱起的复杂曲面。压力源514能改变成适合任何其它不规则表面形状，如槽、沟、凹陷和其它突起和压痕。热源512在环状压力源514内部与之同心或不同心，这样与铆钉拱起的复杂曲面接触的薄膜或整个铆钉周围的薄膜，或两者都能在施加压力源514的同时加热。热源512和压力源514都安装在带有手柄518的机座516上。机座516还包括排气孔520，在压力源环面514接触铆钉周围底材表面后，使空气从热源排出。
用于热源512、压力源514和机座516的材料可以是和图2所示的热源112、压力源114和机壳116相同的材料。出于上文描述的图2所示实施方式的相同目的，敷贴器510也可任选地在图5所示位置安装感温器522和温度控制测量仪524。
由于典型的印有图象的薄膜的加热速率和冷却速率为每秒几百度，所以用传统粘贴工艺时，薄膜通常在成形/粘贴完成之前就冷却到接近室温了。当薄膜未适当软化时所贴薄膜就会显示出能导致粘合剂粘合失效的应力。失效会造成薄膜从表面隆起，从而导致不良的外观和薄膜损坏。对接近薄膜熔点的所贴薄膜进行施压粘贴，可减少隆起的失效现象。
一位本领域技术人员用敷贴器10、110、310、410或510中任何一种就能粘贴处于或接近其熔点的薄膜，而不会损坏薄膜。使用热源和压力源同时相交于薄膜受力的不规则或复杂表面部位，能出人意料地将薄膜损伤减至最少。薄膜热时，用不散逸热量的辊14、114、314、414或环514可将其压入就位。当热薄膜和接受表面接触时，立即骤冷。该过程将薄膜残余应力减少到能被许多粘合剂克服的程度，包括那些被认为性能不高的或可除去的粘合剂。
任何涂有粘合剂的薄膜都可从本发明的敷贴器中受益。这种薄膜的非限制性例子包括St.Paul，MN，USA的明尼苏达采矿和制造公司(3M)现售的牌号ScotachcalTM；ControltacTM等的任何薄膜。
已经发现称为ControltacTM 180的涂有粘合剂的薄膜用本发明敷贴器，在约从200℃到400℃的气温下能成功地粘贴，但实际的薄膜温度最好上升到170到200℃。还发现传统热源在和压力源在不同的时间和位置的使用虽然会产生所需的温度，但是使用铆钉刷需要薄膜冷却到大约100℃，这对于贴在底材表面不规则部位周围的薄膜的永久定形是不够的。揭示于PCT专利公报WO 98/29516的有粘合剂的ControltacTM 180薄膜(市购于明尼苏达采矿和制造公司)应用于有大量铆钉的白色喷漆波纹金属板，以模拟载重拖车的外表面。揭去薄膜内衬，将薄膜沿波纹顶部放置，施加轻压来提供初始粘合。然后用如图2所示组装的敷贴器机在加热到不同温度的同时滚压进波纹间的波谷，在该处压力源为软聚氨酯泡沫辊。温度的记录显示在市购于McMaster Carr的Steinel热气枪上。接着将波纹板连同粘合薄膜放在老化烘箱里6天，并加热到79℃。随后将波纹板从烘箱里取出，并静置三周不接触，然后测量薄膜从铆钉周围的自然隆起。结果如下述表1所示。
                 表1
    加热温度(℃)     铆钉处平均隆起(厘米)
    65     0.396
    93     0.277
    121     0.317
    149     0.317
    177     0.256
    204     0.119
    232     0.119
    260     0.109
    288     0.045
这些结果显示，热气温高于200℃的聚氯乙烯薄膜在铆钉周围的自然隆起大大降低。本发明制品能提供这种热量和独立的热中性压力源，该压力源贴合表面不规则部位或复杂曲面，从而使薄膜与底材有耐久的粘合性。
还发现能把薄膜贴到有波纹和有铆钉底材上通常所需的时间节省80％，粘贴该薄膜的总花费减少了50％。
在薄膜上使用可除去或可重定位粘合剂，揭去该薄膜的花费也能大大降低。涂有可除去或可重定位粘合剂的薄膜包括市购于St.Paul，MN，USA的明尼苏达采矿和制造公司的ScotchcalTM系列3500薄膜，由其商业绘图部门(CommercialGraphics Division)销售。
对于本发明来说，如果粘到预定底材的产品能以超过25英尺/小时(7.62米/小时)的速度、同时可任选地加热用手揭去，而不损伤底材，该粘合剂就认为是“可除去的”。
使用本发明的敷贴器和方法建立了一种全新的业务方法。该业务方法包括，与图象业主签定合同将该图象印到图象印制薄膜上，其中图象印制薄膜的承包者印制图象，并用本发明敷贴器和方法将图象印制薄膜贴到底材上。或者，薄膜制造者可以转包敷贴器的使用和方法来使远程分包者(一个或多个)能将图象薄膜(一张或多张)贴到底材(一个或多个)上用于更进一步的分配和使用。优选的，图象被分配到多个远程位置，并用同一技术印制和粘贴所有位置，它们都可从本发明的敷贴器和方法提供的劳力节省中获益。
所附的权利要求书确定了本发明的范围。

Claims (32)

1.一种将涂有粘合剂的薄膜粘贴到具有表面的底材上的方法，包括：
a)加热薄膜至薄膜软化点，
b)用“热中性压力源”施加压力将软化薄膜贴到底材上。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于底材表面是不规则的。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于
a)在不加热的条件下将薄膜贴到底材上，使薄膜与底材的接触达到最大，
b)对未与底材接触的薄膜部位加热至薄膜软化点，
c)用“热中性压力源”施加压力将软化薄膜贴到底材上。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于粘合剂是可除去的。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于粘合剂是热活化的。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于薄膜是聚氯乙烯薄膜。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于薄膜加热到约350和400℃之间的温度并立即和底材接触。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于薄膜是聚烯烃薄膜。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征聚烯烃薄膜选自聚丙烯薄膜和聚乙烯薄膜。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于薄膜加热到300和500℃之间的温度并立即和底材接触。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于薄膜用能产生辐射能的热源加热。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于薄膜用能产生热气的热源加热。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于“热中性压力源”的泊松比小于1。
14如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于“热中性压力源”的泊松比小于0.9。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于“热中性压力源”为泡沫材料。
16.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于“热中性压力源”是泡孔直径不大于0.5毫米的开孔泡沫材料。
17.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于“热中性压力源”是泡孔不大于0.2毫米的开孔泡沫材料。
18.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于“热中性压力源”是施压表面直径7厘米的涂抹器。
19.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于“热中性压力源”是开孔发泡有机硅材料。
20.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于底材表面是有高度纹理的表面。
21.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于底材选自混凝土、水泥、石块、灰泥、砖、织物表面和地毯表面。
22.一种软化薄膜并将薄膜贴到底材表面的制品，该制品包括：
a)热源和
b)压力源；
其特征在于压力源为热中性压力源，且热源和压力源把热量和压力导向表面上薄膜和表面接触的相交部位。
23.如权利要求22所述的制品，其特征在于热源至少有一个喷嘴对薄膜加热。
24.如权利要求22所述的制品，其特征在于热源在高于150℃的温度下操作。
25.如权利要求22所述的制品，其特征在于热源产生辐射能。
26.如权利要求22所述的制品，其特征在于热源产生热气。
27.如权利要求22所述的制品，其特征在于压力源为辊。
28.如权利要求22所述的制品，其特征在于压力源是环绕热源的环面。
29.如权利要求26所述的制品，其特征在于还包括在热气管线中的偏转板和挡板，用来将热气方向从一个沿偏转板的位置改变为另一个沿偏转板的位置。
30.如权利要求22所述的制品，其特征在于压力源是辊，薄膜在贴到表面之前绕在辊上。
31.将薄膜贴到底材上的整套敷贴器，包括：
a)热中性压力源，以及
b)适于在贴到底材期间对涂有粘合剂薄膜加热的热源。
32.如权利要求31所述的整套敷贴器，其特征在于还包括上面涂有可除去粘合剂的薄膜。
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US8608897B2 (en) 2013-12-17
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WO2000043220A1 (en) 2000-07-27
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US20070000606A1 (en) 2007-01-04
DE60004966T2 (de) 2004-07-22
AU2857400A (en) 2000-08-07
EP1147019B1 (en) 2003-09-03
KR100594789B1 (ko) 2006-07-03
US20150000835A1 (en) 2015-01-01
KR20010103753A (ko) 2001-11-23
JP4373014B2 (ja) 2009-11-25
JP2002535170A (ja) 2002-10-22
US20140060743A1 (en) 2014-03-06
EP1147019A1 (en) 2001-10-24
CA2360037A1 (en) 2000-07-27
CN1341057A (zh) 2002-03-20

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