CN115351055A - Method for converting kitchen waste by utilizing stratiomyiid - Google Patents
Method for converting kitchen waste by utilizing stratiomyiid Download PDFInfo
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- CN115351055A CN115351055A CN202210993258.0A CN202210993258A CN115351055A CN 115351055 A CN115351055 A CN 115351055A CN 202210993258 A CN202210993258 A CN 202210993258A CN 115351055 A CN115351055 A CN 115351055A
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/60—Biochemical treatment, e.g. by using enzymes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/70—Kitchen refuse; Food waste
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for converting kitchen waste by using stratiomyiid, which comprises the following steps: (1) hatching the soldier fly eggs into soldier fly primary-hatching larvae; (2) Transferring the stratiomyiid larvae which are primarily hatched to the primarily hatched materials, and cultivating for 2-3 days to obtain stratiomyiid larvae; (3) Feeding the soldier fly larvae with the feeding material, and culturing for 2-4 days to obtain soldier fly larvae; (4) Inoculating the soldier fly larvae onto the transformation material, and culturing for 3-10 days to obtain the aged soldier fly larvae. The food training material is a compound material of a pretreatment material and an initial hatching material; the converted material is a compound material of the pretreated material and the auxiliary material; the pretreatment material is a material obtained by pretreating kitchen waste. According to the biological characteristics of the stratiomyiids, stratiomyiids in different periods are matched with different materials, feeding modes and feeding environments, so that the survival rate of stratiomyiids can be improved, the stratiomyiids can be quickly adapted to the environment for converting materials, and the efficiency for converting stratiomyiids into kitchen waste is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of stratiomyiid breeding, in particular to a method for converting kitchen waste by stratiomyiid.
Background
Hermetia illucens L (Hermetia illucens L for short) as a new resource insect attracts a large number of enterprises and public institutions and individuals to research and utilize the Hermetia illucens L. The larva feeds on rotten organic matters and animal wastes in the nature and artificial feeding environment, and rapidly converts the organic wastes into the biomass of the larva, wherein the protein content of the aged larva is as high as about 45% (dry basis), the fat content is as high as about 35% (dry basis), and the aged larva also contains rich nutrient substances such as medium-chain fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid, chitin, antibacterial peptide, calcium and phosphorus elements and the like. The concentrated feeding of the larvae on the organic waste can reduce pollution caused by the accumulation of the organic waste, inhibit the propagation of harmful microorganisms, and compete with flies to control the breeding of the flies. The organic waste after the Hermetia illucens larvae are subjected to abdomen treatment reaches a basic rotten state (GI is more than or equal to 60 percent), and can be used as an organic fertilizer raw material, a fertilizer and a water material and the like.
The kitchen waste accounts for 40-50% of the total amount of the urban domestic waste, and the kitchen waste can be stored for a long time to breed germs, mosquitoes and cockroaches, so that the health of residents is influenced. At present, the main treatment modes of urban parameter garbage are sanitary landfill and incineration, and a small part of the urban parameter garbage is treated by a composting mode. The above-mentioned treatment method is high in cost, and is very easy to cause secondary pollution.
According to the stratiomyiid transformation technology, stratiomyiid is used as a resource insect, organic ingredients in the kitchen waste are digested and decomposed in vivo and then used for self growth and development through the self feeding behavior and digestion effect, the kitchen waste after being fed can be discharged from larvae in vitro in the form of worm sand, and the kitchen waste is properly treated in the process. However, the existing stratiomyiid transformation technology does not consider the biological characteristics of the stratiomyiid, the breeding mode is extensive, the survival rate of the stratiomyiid is low, and the conversion rate of the kitchen waste is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for converting kitchen waste by using stratiomyiids, which aims to solve the technical problems that the conversion rate of the kitchen waste is low due to extensive breeding mode and low stratiomyiids survival rate because biological characteristics of stratiomyiids are not considered in the prior art.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method for converting kitchen waste by using soldier flies is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Hatching the soldier fly eggs into soldier fly primary-hatching larvae;
(2) Transferring the stratiomyiid larvae which are primarily hatched to the primarily hatched materials, and cultivating for 2-3 days to obtain stratiomyiid larvae;
(3) Feeding the soldier fly larvae with a feeding material, and culturing for 2-4 days to obtain soldier fly larvae;
(4) And (3) inoculating the stratiomyiid larvae to the transformation material, and culturing for 3-10 days to obtain the mature stratiomyiid larvae.
The primary hatching material is a compound material of one or more of wheat bran, wheat middling, alfalfa powder, gunite corn bran and kitchen waste solid residues subjected to three-phase treatment and auxiliary materials; the training material is a compound material of a pretreatment material and the initial hatching material; the conversion material is a compound material of the pretreatment material and auxiliary materials;
the pretreatment material is a material obtained by pretreating kitchen waste.
Further, the auxiliary materials comprise one or more of bran coat, wood chip, corncob powder and mushroom dregs.
Further, the pretreatment of the kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
sorting, filtering and crushing the kitchen waste to obtain a pretreated material, wherein the water content of the pretreated material is 70-80%, and the particle size of the pretreated material is not more than 8mm.
Further, kitchen waste before pretreatment in the pretreatment materials comprises kitchen waste and food and beverage waste, wherein the mass ratio of the kitchen waste to the food and beverage waste is not more than 1:1.
further, the water content of the initially hatched material is 70-80%, the initially hatched material is wheat bran, wheat middling, alfalfa powder, gunite corn bran, and the mass ratio of one or more of the three-phase processed kitchen waste solid residues to the auxiliary materials is (2-4): 1.
Further, the moisture content of the food training material is 70-80%, the mass ratio of the pretreatment material to the initially incubated material in the food training material is not less than 3:1.
further, the water content of the conversion material is 70-80%, and the mass ratio of the pretreatment material to the auxiliary material in the conversion material is not less than 5:1, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the conversion material is 20-30.
Further, the step (1) of hatching the stratiomyiid eggs into stratiomyiid first-hatched larvae specifically comprises the following steps: hatching the soldier fly eggs for 1-2 days in an environment with the temperature of 29-31 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65-75% to obtain the first hatched soldier fly larvae.
Further, the cultivation temperature in the step (2) is 26-30 ℃, and the relative humidity is 65-75%; and/or the cultivation temperature in the step (3) is 24-28 ℃, and the relative humidity is 65-75%; and/or the cultivation temperature in the step (4) is 22-35 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-70%.
Further, the cloth density of the conversion material in the step (4) is 40-60kg per square meter; the inoculation density of the soldier fly larvae is 100-200 ten thousand per ton of material, and the distance between the soldier fly larvae and the edge of the material is 10-15 cm during inoculation.
Further, when the stratiomyiid larvae are cultivated in the step (4), the transformation materials are placed on cultivation racks, the interlayer gap of the cultivation racks is not less than 35cm, and the air duct height between the cultivation racks is not less than 20cm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of preparing a primary incubation material from agricultural byproducts such as wheat bran, wheat middling, alfalfa meal, gunite corn bran and the like, and a compound material of one or more of kitchen waste solid residues subjected to three-phase treatment and auxiliary materials; pretreating kitchen waste, and compounding with the initially hatched material to prepare a food training material; the kitchen waste is pretreated and then compounded with auxiliary materials to prepare a conversion material. According to the biological characteristics of the stratiomyiid, stratiomyiid in different periods is matched with different materials, feeding modes and feeding environments. The feed is put into to hatching the larva and is hatched the material just, and the training material is fed to great larva, and the soldier fly larva is hatched to becoming more meticulous, not only can improve the survival rate of soldier fly larva, can also make the soldier fly adapt to the environment of conversion material fast, improves the efficiency that soldier fly converted kitchen garbage.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the process flow of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous technical effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
For the sake of brevity, only some numerical ranges are explicitly disclosed herein. However, any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form ranges not explicitly recited; and any lower limit may be combined with any other lower limit to form a range not explicitly recited, and any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to form a range not explicitly recited. Also, although not explicitly recited, each point or individual value between endpoints of a range is encompassed within the range. Thus, each point or individual value can form a range not explicitly recited as its own lower or upper limit in combination with any other point or individual value or in combination with other lower or upper limits.
In the description herein, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, "above" and "below" are inclusive, and "a plurality" of "one or more" means two or more.
At present, the process for treating organic wastes (particularly kitchen waste) by using stratiomyiid larvae at home and abroad is various, wherein the conversion areas comprise a ground groove type, a belt type, a pallet type and the like. However, the complex organic waste components, tight land resources, strict requirements of the larva market and the pursuit of high conversion efficiency put high demands on the process for converting the hermetia illucens into the organic waste. The domestic research on the transformation of the organic wastes into the stratiomyiid is mostly in breakthrough of individual production nodes, and a set of complete treatment process is not available. Therefore, how to pretreat organic waste, improve land resource utilization, meet market demand, and improve conversion efficiency becomes a key to solving these problems.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for converting kitchen waste by using soldier flies, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Hatching the soldier fly eggs into soldier fly primary-hatching larvae;
(2) Transferring the stratiomyiid larvae which are hatched initially to a material which is hatched initially, and culturing for 2-3 days to obtain stratiomyiid larvae;
(3) Feeding the soldier fly larvae with a feeding material, and culturing for 2-4 days to obtain soldier fly larvae;
(4) Inoculating the soldier fly larvae onto the transformation material, and culturing for 3-10 days to obtain soldier fly mature larvae, also called commercial insects.
The primary hatching material is a compound material of one or more of wheat bran, wheat middling, alfalfa powder, gunite corn bran and kitchen waste solid residues subjected to three-phase treatment and auxiliary materials; the food training material is a compound material of a pretreatment material and the initial hatching material; the conversion material is a compound material of the pretreatment material and auxiliary materials;
the pretreatment material is a material obtained by pretreating kitchen waste.
In the invention, agricultural and sideline products such as wheat bran, wheat middling, alfalfa meal, guniting corn bran and the like, and one or more of kitchen waste solid residues after three-phase treatment and auxiliary materials are mixed to prepare a primary hatching material; pretreating kitchen waste, and compounding with the initially hatched material to prepare a food training material; the kitchen waste is pretreated and then compounded with auxiliary materials to prepare a conversion material. According to the biological characteristics of the stratiomyiids, stratiomyiids in different periods are matched with different materials, feeding modes and feeding environments. The feeding of hatching the larva just hatches the material of hatching just, and the training material is thrown to great larva and feeds, and the soldier fly larva is hatched more meticulously, not only can improve the survival rate of soldier fly larva, can also make the soldier fly adapt to the environment of conversion material fast, improves the efficiency that soldier fly converted kitchen garbage.
The newly hatched larvae have poor tolerance to the surrounding complex environment and the digestive system is not developed and perfected, the feeding capacity is low, and more water-soluble nutrient substances can be obtained by feeding the initially hatched materials to promote the development of the digestive system; feeding the feeding training materials after 2-3 days of cultivation to promote the formation of intestinal microorganisms of the stratiomyiidae larvae and enhance the self-immunity capability, so that the stratiomyiidae larvae can gradually adapt to the complex environment of the materials to be transformed; after 5-6 days of cultivation and feeding training, the stratiomyiid larvae form stable intestinal microorganisms capable of promoting the stratiomyiid larvae to convert materials, the feeding capacity is enhanced, the tolerance to the complex environment of peripheral conversion materials is improved, the environment pollution caused by organic wastes such as kitchen waste is eliminated by feeding the conversion materials, and stratiomyiid larvae (mature larvae) and insect sand with high added value can be obtained.
In the prior art, the influence of the material environment on the stratiomyiid larvae in the stratiomyiid larvae cultivation process, such as the influence of high salt, high oil, complex microenvironment and feeding capacity of the stratiomyiid larvae in different stages, is not fully considered, so that the stratiomyiid larvae incubation rate is low, the efficiency of converting kitchen waste is low, and the stratiomyiid larvae is unstable.
In the embodiment of the application, the auxiliary materials comprise one or more of bran coat, sawdust, corncob meal, mushroom dregs and the like which are cheap and easily available locally, so that the transportation cost of the auxiliary materials is reduced. This application after auxiliary material and other material combination, can adjust the moisture content, gas permeability and the carbon nitrogen ratio of material.
In an embodiment of the application, the pretreatment of the kitchen waste comprises:
sorting, filtering and crushing the kitchen waste to obtain a pretreated material, wherein the water content of the pretreated material is 70-80%, and the particle size of the pretreated material is not more than 8mm.
The method specifically comprises the steps of sorting plastic, porcelain, ironware, chopsticks and other substances which cannot be degraded by insects in the kitchen waste through a roller screen and a packing auger, primarily draining and separating oil through a grid, crushing the material to be less than 8mm in particle size through a crusher, adding auxiliary materials to adjust the water content to be 70% -80%, and obtaining a pretreated material so that the stratiomyiid larvae with the proper age can live and feed in the material.
The water content of the three-phase solid residue of the kitchen waste collected and transported by a kitchen waste treatment plant can be directly converted into stratiomyiid larvae when the water content is 70-83%. Sorting, draining, crushing and adding auxiliary materials to adjust the water content to 70-80% for the collected and transported primary food waste, and then carrying out transformation on the soldier flies and the insects. After sorting, draining and crushing the collected and transported kitchen garbage, mixing the kitchen garbage with the food and beverage garbage treated by the same process according to the mass ratio of 1:1 or less, and adjusting the water content to 70-80%, and then carrying out transformation on the soldier flies and the larvae.
In an embodiment of the application, kitchen waste before pretreatment in a pretreatment material and kitchen waste before three-phase treatment in an initially hatched material both comprise kitchen waste and food waste, wherein the mass ratio of the kitchen waste to the food waste is not more than 1:1.
in the embodiment of the application, the water content of the material hatched initially is 70-80%, the material hatched initially is wheat bran, wheat middling, alfalfa powder, slurry spraying corn bran, and the mass ratio of one or more of solid residues of kitchen waste obtained after three-phase treatment of kitchen waste to one or more of auxiliary materials is (2-4): 1. The agricultural and sideline products such as wheat bran and the like have higher starch content and higher viscosity after being added with water, and the auxiliary materials are added to mainly aim at increasing the air permeability of the material which is hatched initially.
In the embodiment of the application, the moisture content of the trainee material is 70-80%, and the mass ratio of the pretreatment material to the initially incubated material in the trainee material is not less than 3:1, gradually adapting the soldier fly larvae to the environment of the transformation material.
In the embodiment of the application, the water content of the conversion material is 70-80%, and the mass ratio of the pretreatment material to the auxiliary material in the conversion material is not less than 5:1, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the conversion material is 20-30.
In an embodiment of the present application, the incubating of soldier fly eggs into soldier fly first-hatched larvae in step (1) specifically includes:
hatching the soldier fly eggs for 1-2 days in an environment with the temperature of 29-31 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65-75% to obtain the preliminarily hatched soldier fly larvae.
In the embodiment of the application, the incubation temperature in the step (2) is 26-30 ℃, and the relative humidity is 65-75%; and/or the cultivation temperature in the step (3) is 24-28 ℃, and the relative humidity is 65-75%; and/or the cultivation temperature in the step (4) is 22-35 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-70%.
In the examples of this application, the density of the cloth of the conversion material in step (4) is 40-60kg per square meter; the inoculation density of the stratiomyiid larvae is 100-200 ten thousand per ton of material, and the inoculation is 10-15 cm away from the edge of the material, so that the stratiomyiid larvae occupy the ecological niche as soon as possible, the breeding of flies in the conversion material is prevented, and the escape caused by the adverse effect of the conversion environment (such as the water discharge of the conversion material) is avoided.
In the embodiment of the application, when the soldier fly larvae are cultivated in the step (4), the conversion materials are placed on the cultivation frames, the interlayer gap of the cultivation frames is not less than 35cm, and the air duct height between the cultivation frames is not less than 20cm, so that steam and volatile gas generated in the process of conversion of the soldier fly larvae into the conversion materials can be discharged out of the conversion workshop quickly.
In the embodiment of the application, the conversion time in the step (4) is 7-10 days, so that the average weight of each soldier fly is 0.15-0.22 g; the transformation time is 3-6 days, and the average weight of each soldier fly is 0.10-0.15 g.
In some embodiments, the conversion material in step (4) is distributed on a conversion disk made of a water-tight material with an edge height of 16 ± 1cm.
In some embodiments, in step (4), a fresh air system is provided at the plant for cultivating the soldier flies to remove hot gas and water vapor from the plant.
In some embodiments, protective nets are installed at doors, windows and entrances and exits of a workshop for breeding soldier flies, so that soldier flies are prevented from escaping and external invasion interference of flies and birds is prevented.
In some embodiments, after the step (4) is completed, the method further comprises the steps of automatically discharging and screening, specifically as follows:
1) The automatic control electrical equipment is used for conveying the conversion disc to a screening workshop, the automatic disc-turning unloading equipment is used for pouring the mixture of the insect bodies and the insect manure into an unloading bin, and the mixture is conveyed to a screening area through a belt conveyor.
2) When the harvested larvae are mature larvae, the transformation time is 7-10d, and the linear vibrating screen and the swinging screen are adopted for two-stage screening. The diameter of the upper layer sieve hole of the linear vibrating screen is 0.7-1.0cm, the diameter of the lower layer sieve hole is 0.2-0.3cm, and the harvested upper layer sieve material of the lower layer sieve enters the swinging sieve; the diameter of the sieve hole of the swing sieve is 0.3-0.4cm.
3) When the size of the harvested worm body is small, the conversion time is less than 7d, and the worm excrement is separated by adopting biological characteristics, including light fear, oxygen deficiency, aggregation and the like.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the above process.
The invention can solve the problems of three different forms of kitchen waste, namely a method for treating kitchen waste and kitchen waste, the water content of the primary kitchen waste is higher, the secondary treatment is not facilitated, and the pretreatment is carried out by adopting a draining, crushing and auxiliary material adding mode. The raw kitchen waste is unbalanced in nutrient content, and the pretreated kitchen waste can be recycled by proportioning the raw kitchen waste and the food waste in a certain proportion through experiments.
According to the method, the biological characteristics of the stratiomyiid are fully considered, the first hatching material is fed to the first hatching larvae, the training material is fed to the larger soldiers, and the stratiomyiid larvae are finely hatched, so that the survival rate of the stratiomyiid larvae can be improved, the stratiomyiid can be quickly adapted to the material environment for converting organic wastes, and the efficiency of the stratiomyiid for converting organic wastes such as kitchen waste and the like is improved.
The invention provides a specific scheme for environmental control and equipment requirements in the process of converting the stratiomyiid larvae into the kitchen waste, the height of the conversion plate is designed according to the material input amount per unit area and the biological characteristics of the stratiomyiid, and the temperature, the humidity and the layer gaps of the culture environment, particularly the height of an air duct on the surface of the material, are designed according to the requirements of the stratiomyiid on the culture environment, so that the stratiomyiid can be used for rapidly converting organic waste and the loss of moisture and hot gas. In addition, the conversion workshop is sealed, the influence of flies and birds on the soldier fly resource utilization organic waste is prevented, and pupation eclosion of soldier fly larvae after climbing out of the conversion plate is prevented to escape from the workshop. Therefore, the process not only improves the efficiency of converting the soldier flies into organic wastes such as kitchen waste and the like, but also reduces the dependence or influence on the environment.
The stratiomyiid body and the worm excrement can be separated as much as possible by adopting two-stage screening, the quantity of the worm excrement in the worm body and the quantity of the worm body in the worm excrement are reduced, and the waste of the stratiomyiid body and the worm body in the worm excrement is avoided as much as possible, so that the generation of sewage is reduced, and the requirement of the market on the cleanliness of the stratiomyiid body is met as much as possible.
According to the invention, automatic electrical equipment is utilized to link each link, mechanical equipment is utilized to pretreat and homogenize incoming materials, the materials are quantitatively put into the conversion disc through the screw pump and the pipeline, the automatic control equipment is adopted to put the conversion disc on or take the cultivation frame down and convey the conversion disc to the screening area for unloading and screening, so that the expansion of production scale is facilitated, the investment of manpower and material resources is reduced, and the dependence on the external environment is further reduced.
Examples
The present disclosure is more particularly described in the following examples that are intended as illustrations only, since various modifications and changes within the scope of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. All parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following examples are on a weight basis, all reagents used in the examples are commercially available or synthesized according to conventional methods and can be used directly without further treatment, and the equipment used in the examples is commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
A first set of examples: influence of different incubation modes.
The influence of different incubation modes on the seedling worm is studied experimentally, and the experimental settings are as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Effect of different incubation methods on Miao-national insects
And (3) placing the same amount of fresh eggs into a hatching box with strict temperature control for hatching (groups 1-6), and maintaining the relative humidity of a hatching environment to be 65-75%. When the larva is seen to hatch out by naked eyes, the larva is washed into a culture dish by 75 percent medical alcohol, and the hatching rate and the initial hatching state of the larva eggs are observed under a microscope. With the increase of the hatching temperature, the hatching time is gradually shortened from 3 days at 28 ℃ to 1 day at 30-32 ℃. When the temperature exceeded 32 ℃ (group 6), substantially waterless horsefly larvae hatched, and hatching temperature was too high, resulting in hatching failure. While the incubation temperature is controlled by controlling the room temperature in a large area (group 7), the incubation environment is unstable due to large temperature fluctuation, resulting in prolonged incubation time. The hatching rate of the eggs is reduced along with the prolonging of the hatching time, and the observation shows that damaged eggs and defective larvae are caused because the hatching time is too long and the hatching time of the batch of eggs is inconsistent, the larvae which are hatched initially eat the eggs in a starvation state or the larvae which are hatched subsequently are low in survival rate, and the overlong hatching time is also one of the reasons of uneven size of the larvae.
After hatching is finished, transferring the stratiomyiid larvae which are hatched firstly to a material which is hatched firstly, and breeding for 2d to obtain stratiomyiid larvae;
feeding and feeding the stratiomyiid larvae, and culturing for 4d to obtain stratiomyiid larvae;
and (3) inoculating the soldier fly larvae onto the transformation material, and culturing for 5d to obtain the aged soldier fly larvae.
Second group of embodiments: the effect of different breeding regimes.
Preparing a primary hatching material (namely an opening material) by taking commercially available wheat bran as a main feed and bran coat as an auxiliary material, wherein the mass ratio of the two materials is 3:1, regulating the water content to 70-80% by using tap water. The newly hatched larvae incubated at 30 ℃ are placed on the material for cultivation, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 26-30 ℃, the relative humidity is 65-75%, and the larvae enter the second instar after 2-3 days. Then feeding training materials, namely the pretreated food waste and the initially hatched materials, wherein the mass ratio of the food waste to the initially hatched materials is 3:1, and the water content is 70-80%. Controlling the environmental temperature to be 24-28 ℃, controlling the relative humidity to be 65-75%, and entering the three-instar insects after 2-4 days. The method can obtain the seedling with uniform size, strong physique and the weight of one head more than 0.006g and suitable age. The survival rate of the adult larvae obtained by the method from unit quantity of ova reaches over 90 percent.
The method is characterized in that conversion materials (pretreated food waste and auxiliary bran are prepared into 5:1 by mass ratio) are directly fed into primarily hatched larvae incubated at room temperature (25-30 ℃ and relative humidity of 65-75%) by adopting a traditional method, the larvae with the suitable age obtained after 5-6 d cultivation are uneven in size and only 0.003g in average weight, and the survival rate of the larvae with the suitable age obtained by the method is only about 80%.
Therefore, the biological characteristics of the soldier flies need to be considered, the incubation temperature is selected to be 29-31 ℃, the incubation time of the eggs is shortened as much as possible, batch incubation of the eggs is synchronous, and the larvae with uniform size and robust physique are obtained by culturing the materials with different characteristics, namely the initially incubated materials and the feeding training materials.
Third group of examples: effect of different seeding densities.
The effect of different inoculation densities on the seedling worm was studied experimentally, set up as in table 2:
table 2 comparison of conversion efficiency of stratiomyiid larvae with different inoculation densities into kitchen waste
Solid residues obtained after kitchen waste is treated by a three-phase separation process are used as a transformation matrix, robust and uniform stratiomyiid larvae with proper age are inoculated into the three-phase solid residues according to different inoculation densities, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 22-35 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be 60-70%, and transformation is carried out under the condition of circulating air. When the inoculation density is 50 ten thousand heads/t (group 1), the prepupa begins to appear after 13 days of transformation, namely the larva stage which can feed is about to end, the naked eye can see that the material is not completely transformed, the transformation rate, the material reduction rate and the moisture content of the insect sand are respectively 15.16%, 44.54% and 64.30% after the insect material is separated, and the transformation effect is not ideal. However, since soldier fly larvae are fed sufficiently, a single worm weighs up to 0.26g. By observing the state of the material and the soldier fly larvae, the complete conversion is judged when the material turns into black brown, loose and odorless. With the increase of the inoculation density (group 2-group 5), the conversion time is continuously shortened, the conversion rate and the material reduction rate are gradually improved, the water content of the insect sand is obviously reduced, and the utilization rate of the conversion matrix is gradually improved. However, due to the increase of the inoculation density, the feeding competition among the polypide is increased, and the food can not meet the requirements of the larvae gradually, so that the weight of the polypide is reduced.
Therefore, the final product form should be considered in the production, and if larger polypide is needed, the inoculation density should be smaller; if organic wastes such as kitchen waste and the like need to be fully converted, the inoculation density is increased. Experimental data show that when the inoculation density is 100-200 ten thousand per ton of kitchen waste, an ideal conversion effect can be obtained.
Fourth group of embodiments: the food waste and kitchen waste in different proportions.
The influence of different proportions of food waste and kitchen garbage on the seedling worm is studied in the experiment, and the experimental settings are as shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 influence of different proportions of food and beverage garbage and kitchen garbage on the conversion rate of soldier fly
The method comprises the following steps of adjusting pretreated kitchen waste or food waste by taking bran as an auxiliary material, wherein the mass ratio of the auxiliary material to the food waste is 1:5, the water content is 70-80%, the temperature of the conversion environment is controlled to be 22-35 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-70%, 150 ten thousand soldier flies of the proper age are inoculated to each ton of the material to explore how to utilize the kitchen garbage as resources.
Due to the fact that cellulose in the kitchen waste is relatively more and nutrition components are unbalanced, the utilization rate of the stratiomyiid larvae is low, when the preprocessed kitchen waste is used together with auxiliary material bran as a conversion material (group 1), the conversion rate is only 14.77% and the material reduction rate is 34.67% through 10-day conversion of the stratiomyiid larvae, the water content of the obtained worm sand is 50.60%, the mechanical screening is difficult, and the obtained worm bodies are relatively minimum and are only 0.16g. Under the same condition, when the food waste is used as a conversion material (group 5), the conversion rate, the material reduction rate and the weight average of insects are obviously higher than those of the group 1, the water content of the insect sand is reduced to about 38%, and the insect sand can be mechanically screened.
The pretreated food waste and kitchen waste are compounded in a certain proportion to be used as conversion materials (groups 2-4), the conversion rate, the material reduction rate and the weight average of the insects are increased along with the increase of the proportion of the food waste after 10 days of conversion, the water content of the insect sand is reduced to be below 50%, and the conversion efficiency of the soldier fly larvae is continuously improved. When the ratio of the kitchen garbage to the food garbage is 1: during 1 (group 3), conversion rate and material reduction rate reach current average level, and can obtain great soldier fly polypide and drier insect sand, consequently reachs through the experiment, and the proportion of rubbish from cooking and food and beverage rubbish should not be higher than 1:1, a new direction can be found for resource utilization of kitchen garbage, and stratiomyiid bodies and worm sand with high added values can be obtained.
Fifth group of examples:
70g of fresh eggs are hatched by the method of the group 3 in the first group of the embodiment, and then the eggs are cultivated to the third instar insects by adopting the two-step cultivation mode in the second group of the embodiment, the survival rate of the larvae is 90 percent, and 252 ten thousand larvae are obtained. Inoculating 150 million heads/ton of inoculation density to a conversion material (prepared by pretreated food waste and auxiliary bran rice according to the mass ratio of 5:1), controlling the environmental temperature to be 22-35 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 60-70%, and converting for 7 days to convert 1.68 ton of material together to obtain 370kg of mature larva and 550 kg of insect sand.
70g of fresh ova are incubated by the method of the group 7 in the first group of embodiment, and then are cultivated to the third instar ova by the one-step cultivation method in the second group of embodiment, the survival rate of the ova is 79 percent, 221.2 million larvae are obtained in total, 1 ton of conversion material (prepared by pretreated food waste and auxiliary bran according to the mass ratio of 5:1) is added, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 22-35 ℃, the relative humidity is controlled to be 60-70 percent, and 1 ton of material is converted in total after 7 days of conversion, and 200kg of mature larvae and 250 kg of insect sand are obtained. The method is influenced by various aspects such as hatching conditions, cultivation conditions, transformation density and the like, and finally causes the problems of uneven worm body size, unstable transformation, larger product quality difference and the like.
While the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present application, and particularly, features described in connection with the embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed herein but is to cover all embodiments that may fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for converting kitchen waste by using soldier flies is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Hatching the soldier fly eggs into soldier fly primary-hatching larvae;
(2) Transferring the stratiomyiid larvae which are primarily hatched to the primarily hatched materials, and cultivating for 2-3 days to obtain stratiomyiid larvae;
(3) Feeding the soldier fly larvae with a feeding material, and culturing for 2-4 days to obtain soldier fly larvae;
(4) Inoculating the soldier fly larvae onto the transformation material, and culturing for 3-10 days to obtain the aged soldier fly larvae.
The primary hatching material is wheat bran, wheat middling, alfalfa powder, gunite corn bran and a compound material of one or more of kitchen waste solid residues and auxiliary materials obtained by three-phase treatment of kitchen waste; the training material is a compound material of a pretreatment material and the initial hatching material; the conversion material is a compound material of the pretreatment material and auxiliary materials;
the pretreatment material is a material obtained by pretreating kitchen waste.
2. The method for transforming kitchen waste with soldier flies as claimed in claim 1, wherein said auxiliary materials comprise one or more of chaff, sawdust, corncob meal and mushroom dregs.
3. The method for transforming kitchen waste with soldier flies according to claim 1, wherein the pretreating the kitchen waste comprises:
sorting, filtering and crushing the kitchen waste to obtain a pretreated material, wherein the water content of the pretreated material is 70-80%, and the particle size of the pretreated material is not more than 8mm.
4. The method for converting the kitchen waste by using the horsefly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the kitchen waste before pretreatment in the pretreatment material comprises kitchen waste and food and beverage waste, and the mass ratio of the kitchen waste to the food and beverage waste is not more than 1:1.
5. the method for converting the kitchen waste by using the horseflies is characterized in that the water content of the initially hatched material is 70-80%, the initially hatched material is wheat bran, wheat middling, alfalfa powder, gunite corn bran, and the mass ratio of one or more of solid residues of the kitchen waste and one or more of auxiliary materials obtained by three-phase treatment of the kitchen waste to the auxiliary materials is (2-4): 1.
6. The method for transforming the kitchen waste by using the soldier flies according to claim 2 to 4, wherein the moisture content of the trainee material is 70 to 80%, and the mass ratio of the pretreatment material to the initially hatched material in the trainee material is not less than 3:1.
7. the method for transforming the kitchen waste by the stratiomyiids according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the water content of the transformation material is 70 to 80 percent, and the mass ratio of the pretreatment material to the auxiliary materials in the transformation material is not less than 5:1, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the conversion material is 20-30.
8. The method for transforming kitchen waste with soldier flies according to claim 1, wherein the incubation of soldier fly eggs into soldier fly pre-incubation larvae in step (1) comprises:
hatching the soldier fly eggs for 1-2 days in an environment with the temperature of 29-31 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65-75% to obtain the first hatched soldier fly larvae.
9. The method for transforming the kitchen waste with the soldier flies is characterized in that the cultivation temperature in the step (2) is 26-30 ℃, and the relative humidity is 65-75%; and/or
The cultivation temperature in the step (3) is 24-28 ℃, and the relative humidity is 65-75%; and/or
In the step (4), the cultivation temperature is 22-35 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-70%.
10. The method for converting kitchen waste with soldier flies is characterized in that the cloth density of the conversion material in the step (4) is 40-60kg per square meter; the inoculation density of the soldier fly larvae is 100-200 ten thousand per ton of material, and the distance between the soldier fly larvae and the edge of the material is 10-15 cm during inoculation; and/or
When the stratiomyiid larvae are cultivated, the transformation materials are placed on the cultivation frames, the interlayer gap of the cultivation frames is not less than 35cm, and the air duct height between the cultivation frames is not less than 20cm.
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