CN112450156A - Method for efficiently converting organic solid waste by using high-density hermetia illucens - Google Patents
Method for efficiently converting organic solid waste by using high-density hermetia illucens Download PDFInfo
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- CN112450156A CN112450156A CN202011433730.2A CN202011433730A CN112450156A CN 112450156 A CN112450156 A CN 112450156A CN 202011433730 A CN202011433730 A CN 202011433730A CN 112450156 A CN112450156 A CN 112450156A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently converting organic solid waste by using high-density hermetia illucens, which comprises three stages: the first stage, putting fresh Hermetia illucens eggs into dry bran for hatching, transferring all the Hermetia illucens eggs into the bran to be fed for 3 days after 3-5 days, and collecting the Hermetia illucens after separation; in the second stage, regulating the peanut shell powder for organic solid waste to about 70% of water content to be used as a pretreatment material to be put into a biological processor; the hatched 3-instar hermetia illucens are inoculated into the larvae at the later stage of 4 years for cultivation at one time; separating and collecting the excrements, and reserving the hermetia illucens larvae; and in the third stage, adding the pretreatment material again, breeding the black soldier fly larvae to the end stage of 5 th age, separating and collecting the insect sand, and taking the rest insect bodies as protein feed. The invention adopts a high-density feeding process of 'insect-bacterium interaction', greatly increases the yield of fresh insects and the treatment capacity of organic solid wastes, the yield of the fresh insects can reach 2-3 times of the existing yield, the treatment period is only ten days, and the treatment cost is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biological breeding and organic solid waste biotransformation technology, in particular to a method for efficiently transforming organic solid waste by using high-density hermetia illucens.
Background
Black soldier fly (Hermitia illucens) Also known as Hermetia illucens (Hermetia illucens) belonging to the family of Oenanthe diptera. The black soldier fly feeds on rotten organic matters, animal wastes and the like in the nature, so that excrement accumulation can be effectively reduced, breeding of houseflies is prevented, larvae contain a large amount of protein and fat, animal feed with high economic value can be produced, and the black soldier fly feed is regarded as a resource insect and an environmental insect with great application prospect and utilization value.
With the discovery of the value of the hermetia illucens, people begin to artificially breed the hermetia illucens, insect protein resources are produced by using wastes, and feed for breeding the hermetia illucens is animal excrement, such as chicken manure, pig manure, kitchen waste and the like. However, the artificial large-scale cultivation needs to consider not only the large production quantity but also the low production cost, and can generate certain social and ecological benefits.
The Chinese patent application (publication No. CN 109122594A) discloses a method for high-density breeding of hermetia illucens larvae and efficient conversion of organic waste, and biological composting is carried out by improving a breeding device and environment and adopting a one-time feeding mode. However, the material is easy to agglomerate due to one-time feeding, the screening is not facilitated, and the culture period is longer.
Chinese patent (No. CN 104817346B) discloses a method for treating feces by using hermetia illucens, which comprises the steps of pretreating the feces of livestock and poultry, adding a microbial inoculum (a starter and a degradation agent) and sugar-containing coarse grain powder for fermentation pretreatment, flatly paving the fermented feces of livestock and poultry, and adding hermetia illucens larvae for biotransformation. The whole processing steps are relatively complicated, the period is too long, and the cost is relatively high; and the material is fed once, so that the material is easy to agglomerate, and the subsequent screening work is not facilitated.
Chinese patent (No. CN 103931562B) discloses a simple method for treating pig manure by black soldier fly larvae, wherein a nylon gauze is placed in a manure collecting groove, solid pig manure is collected above the nylon gauze, the black soldier fly larvae are simultaneously raised, and a microbial bed is arranged below the nylon gauze and is used for treating pig urine. The method has the advantages that the amount of the treated pig manure is limited, and the feeding quantity of pigs in a pigsty is also limited; the water is not easy to control in the treatment process, the materials are easy to agglomerate, the treatment period is longer, and the treatment cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for efficiently converting organic solid waste by using high-density hermetia illucens, which greatly reduces the treatment cost due to the improvement of the yield of fresh insects and the treatment capacity of organic solid waste.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention can adopt the following technical scheme:
the method for efficiently converting the organic solid waste by using the high-density hermetia illucens comprises the following three stages:
the first stage, putting fresh Hermetia illucens eggs into dry bran for hatching, and after 3-5 days, transferring all the Hermetia illucens eggs into bran with the water content of 60-70% to feed the Hermetia illucens eggs for 3 years; separating out the insect sand through screening by a winnowing machine to be used as biological bacterial manure to be collected, and using the 3-year-old hermetia illucens seedlings for second-stage inoculation;
in the second stage, regulating the peanut shell powder for organic solid wastes to the moisture content of about 70 percent to be used as a pretreatment material, and adding the pretreatment material into a box-shaped biological processor; inoculating 3-instar hermetia illucens hatched in the first stage into the first stage at one time, and breeding the first stage to 4-instar later-stage larvae; screening by using a winnowing machine again, separating out the insect sand to be used as biological bacterial manure to be collected, retaining the hermetia illucens larvae, and adding the pretreatment material again;
and in the third stage, breeding the black soldier fly larvae to the final stage of 5 years, screening by adopting a winnowing machine, separating out the insect sand, collecting the separated insect sand as biological bacterial manure, and taking the rest insect bodies as protein feed.
The organic solid waste used in the invention comprises kitchen waste or animal waste, and is processed into particles with the particle size less than 2mm, and the water content is preferably 60-70%.
To ensure the number of live bacteria in the material to be 1x106-1x108And CFU/g, adding a black soldier fly symbiotic microbial inoculum into the pretreatment material, wherein the black soldier fly symbiotic microbial inoculum is Bacillus beiLeisi, and the number of the black soldier fly symbiotic microbial inoculum is CGMCC No. 14202.
The invention uses a small box biological processor, the volume of which is length multiplied by width multiplied by height =1 multiplied by 0.3m3。
In the second stage, the inoculation density of 3-year-old hermetia illucens is 25-35 ten thousand/m2One-time inoculation is adopted.
In the second and third stage feeding processes, pretreatment feed needs to be supplemented in time.
In the three stages of treatment, the material temperature is controlled to be 35-45 ℃, the temperature can be reduced through a fan and a water curtain, and the air humidity is enabled to be below 70% through ventilation and moisture removal.
The invention has the advantages that the invention adopts the high-density feeding process of 'insect-bacterium interaction', greatly increases the yield of the fresh insects and the treatment capacity of the organic solid wastes, and the yield of the fresh insects can reach 20-40kg/m2The yield is 2-3 times of the existing yield, and meanwhile, the treatment cost is obviously reduced because the treatment period is only ten days; the obtained high-quality insect body can be used as protein feed and can also be used for extracting insect oil, and the obtained insect sand can be used as high-quality biological organic bacterial manure.
Detailed Description
The method for efficiently converting the organic solid waste by using the high-density hermetia illucens comprises three stages:
in the first stage, fresh hermetia illucens eggs are put into dry bran to be incubated (the bran is a normally sold product), and the temperature is controlled to be 27-30 ℃; 3-5 days later, transferring the hatched larva into bran with the water content of 60-70% to feed to 3 instar (about 3-5 days is needed, and the temperature needs to be controlled at 30-37 ℃); then, screening for the first time through a winnowing machine, separating out the insect sand (bran eaten by the larvae) to be used as biological bacterial manure to be collected (the purpose of doing so can also be to eliminate the influence of the original insect sand on the next inoculation), and using the retained 3-instar hermetia illucens fry for the second-stage inoculation;
in the second stage, firstly, organic solid waste (kitchen waste or animal waste which is processed into fine slag with the grain diameter less than 2 mm) is regulated to the moisture content of about 60-70 percent by using peanut shell powder to serve as a pretreatment material;
to ensure that the total number of viable bacteria in the pretreatment material after inoculation is 1x106-1x108CFU/g, namely, a hermetia illucens symbiotic microbial inoculum-Bacillus belgii with the number of CGMCC No.14202 can be added into the pretreatment material, and the addition amount is 0.2-3 g/kg;
adding the pretreatment materials into a small box biological processor with the volume of 1.0m multiplied by 0.3m, wherein the addition is 15-18kg generally, and then inoculating 3-year-old hermetia illucens hatched in the first stage into the small box biological processor at the inoculation density of 25-35 ten thousand/m2Continuing to culture, and adding a pretreatment material in time in the culture process; after 3-instar hermetia illucens seedlings are bred to 4-instar later-stage larvae (generally requiring 6 days), separating the hermetia illucens larvae from the sand by using a winnowing machine for the second time, collecting the separated sand as biological bacterial manure, retaining the hermetia illucens larvae, and adding the pretreatment material again for breeding;
in the third stage, the black soldier fly larvae of the last 4 th instar are bred to the last 5 th instar (generally, 3 days), and pretreatment materials still need to be added in time; and thirdly, separating insect and excrement by a winnowing machine, separating the insect sand out to be used as biological bacterial manure to be collected, and using the rest insect bodies as protein feed.
It is specially noted that in the second and third stage treatment processes, the material temperature is controlled at 35-45 deg.C, and can be reduced by means of fan and water curtain, at the same time the air humidity can be kept below 70% by means of ventilation and dehumidification.
The method of the invention is verified below by three specific examples:
example 1 the test time was 2020, 6 months, the organic solid waste was restaurant kitchen waste, and the test site was zhengzhou city, hannan province; a1.0 m.times.1.0 m.times.0.3 m small cartridge bio-processor was used.
Hatching by taking 50g of worm eggs as a unit: hatching 50g of fresh hermetia illucens eggs in 50g of dry bran for 3 days at the ambient temperature of about 28 ℃; transferring the hatched larva into bran with the water content of 60-70% to be fed to 3 instars (the feeding time is about 3-5 days, the feeding environment is 30-37 ℃, and the bran is shared by about 5kg during the feeding period); then, the insect sand is separated out through a winnowing machine and collected as biological bacterial manure, 3.9kg of the biological bacterial manure is weighed, and the reserved 3-age hermetia illucens vaccine is used for inoculation.
Adding a proper amount of peanut shell powder (about 10% of the total amount of the kitchen waste) into the collected and smashed kitchen fine slag, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the water content to be about 70% to serve as a pretreatment material; to ensure that the total number of viable bacteria in the pretreatment material after inoculation meets the requirement (1 x 10)6-1x108CFU/g), adding Bacillus belgii in the pretreatment material according to the dosage of 2g/kg, and adding the symbiotic bacteria has another purpose of avoiding material caking and hermetia illucens body diseases in the feeding process.
Firstly, 17.6kg of pretreatment material is added into a small-box biological processor, and then 3-year hermetia illucens are inoculated at one time, wherein the inoculation density is 30 ten thousand/m2. Controlling the temperature of the feed by a fan and a water curtain during the feeding process, and keeping the temperature at 35-45 ℃; the frequency of addition (days) and the amount of addition (kg) during the whole feeding process are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Feeding to the 7 th day, and performing secondary screening to obtain 16.3kg of high-quality organic fertilizer insect sand and 18.6kg of fresh insects at the end of 4 years old; feeding fresh insects, and sieving for the third time on day 11 to obtain high-quality organic fertilizer containing 15.3kg of insect sand and 38.36kg of fresh insects at the end of 5 years.
The experiment obtains 38.36kg of fresh insects and 35.5kg (3.9 kg + 16.3kg + 15.3 kg) of high-quality organic fertilizer insect sand.
Drying the 5-year-old fresh insects, and detecting the nutrient contents of the fresh insects: total amount of amino acids 38.52% (wherein: aspartic acid 4.11%, glutamic acid 5.15%, serine 1.35%, arginine 2.05%, glycine 2.38%, threonine 1.73%, proline 2.54%, alanine 2.77%, valine 2.46%, methionine 0.73%, cystine 0.24%, isoleucine 1.92%, leucine 2.86%, phenylalanine 1.97%, histidine 1.17%, lysine 2.65%, tyrosine 2.44%), crude protein 44.32%, crude fat 28.2%, crude ash 10.8%, calcium 2.44%, total phosphorus 0.86%.
Example 2 the test time was 2020, 7 months, the organic solid waste was fresh pig manure, and the test site was zheng zhou city, hannan province; a1.0 m.times.1.0 m.times.0.3 m small cartridge bio-processor was used.
The method for hatching and raising the hermetia illucens eggs to 3 rd age is the same as that of example 1; the amount of the sand separated by the winnowing machine is 3.8kg, and the 3 rd-age hermetia illucens fry reserved for inoculation.
Adding a proper amount of peanut shell powder into the collected and smashed fresh pig manure, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the water content to be about 70% to be used as a pretreatment material; bacillus belgii was also added to the pretreatment feed at a rate of 2 g/kg.
Adding 16kg of pretreatment material into a small-box biological processor, and then inoculating 3-year hermetia illucens at one time, wherein the inoculation density is 30 ten thousand per meter2Controlling the temperature of the feed by a fan and a water curtain during the feeding process, and keeping the temperature at 35-45 ℃; the frequency of addition (days) and the amount of addition (kg) during the whole feeding process are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Feeding to the 7 th day, and performing secondary screening to obtain 18.2kg of high-quality organic fertilizer insect sand and 14.2kg of fresh insects at the end of 4 years old; feeding fresh insects, and sieving for the third time on day 11 to obtain 17.3kg of high-quality organic fertilizer insect sand and 22.4kg of fresh insects at the end of 5 years.
The experiment obtains 22.4kg of fresh insects and 39.3 kg (3.8 kg + 18.2kg + 17.3 kg) of high-quality organic fertilizer insect sand.
Drying the 5-year-old fresh insects, and detecting the nutrient contents of the fresh insects: total amount of amino acids 25.83% (wherein: aspartic acid 2.43%, glutamic acid 2.15%, serine 0.79%, arginine 1.14%, glycine 1.99%, threonine 1.20%, proline 1.90%, alanine 2.89%, valine 2.05%, methionine 0.43%, cystine 0.15%, isoleucine 1.69%, leucine 1.89%, phenylalanine 1.31%, histidine 0.59%, lysine 1.75%, tyrosine 1.48%), crude protein 50.2%, crude fat 10.2%, crude ash 18%, calcium 0.8%, total phosphorus 1.8%.
Example 3 the test time was 2020, 7 months, the organic solid waste was fresh chicken manure, and the test site was zheng zhou city, hannan province; a1.0 m.times.1.0 m.times.0.3 m small cartridge bio-processor was used.
The method for hatching and raising the hermetia illucens eggs to 3 rd age is the same as that of example 1; 4.1kg of the sand separated by the winnowing machine, and the reserved 3-year hermetia illucens fry are used for inoculation.
Adding a proper amount of peanut shell powder into the collected and smashed fresh chicken manure, uniformly mixing, and adjusting the water content to be about 70% to be used as a pretreatment material; however, no Bacillus belgii was added to the pretreatment.
Firstly, 17kg of pretreatment material is added into a small-box biological processor, and then 3-year hermetia illucens are inoculated with the inoculation density of 30 ten thousand/m2Controlling the temperature of the feed by a fan and a water curtain during the feeding process, and keeping the temperature at 35-45 ℃; the frequency of addition (days) and the amount of addition (kg) during the whole feeding process are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Feeding to the 7 th day, and performing secondary screening to obtain 17.2kg of high-quality organic fertilizer insect sand and 16.5kg of fresh insects at the end of 4 years old; feeding fresh insects, and sieving for the third time on day 11 to obtain 16.5kg of high-quality organic fertilizer insect sand and 25.3kg of fresh insects at the end of 5 years.
The experiment obtains 25.3kg of fresh insects and 37.8kg (4.1 kg + 17.2kg + 16.5 kg) of high-quality organic fertilizer insect sand.
Drying the 5-year-old fresh insects, and detecting the nutrient contents of the fresh insects: 28.13% of total amino acids (wherein: aspartic acid 2.53%, glutamic acid 3.24%, serine 0.91%, arginine 1.11%, glycine 2.01%, threonine 1.18%, proline 1.97%, alanine 2.93%, valine 2.11%, methionine 0.49%, cystine 0.13%, isoleucine 1.77%, leucine 2.33%, phenylalanine 1.38%, histidine 0.63%, lysine 1.87%, tyrosine 1.54%), crude protein 36.88%, crude fat 11.2%, crude ash 24.2%, calcium 5.85%, and total phosphorus 1.89%.
Claims (7)
1. A method for efficiently converting organic solid waste by using high-density hermetia illucens is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following three stages:
the first stage, putting fresh Hermetia illucens eggs into dry bran for hatching, and after 3-5 days, transferring all the Hermetia illucens eggs into bran with the water content of 60-70% to feed the Hermetia illucens eggs for 3 years; separating out the insect sand through screening by a winnowing machine to be used as biological bacterial manure to be collected, and using the 3-year-old hermetia illucens seedlings for second-stage inoculation;
in the second stage, regulating the peanut shell powder for organic solid wastes to the moisture content of about 70 percent to be used as a pretreatment material, and adding the pretreatment material into a box-shaped biological processor; inoculating 3-instar hermetia illucens hatched in the first stage into the first stage at one time, and breeding the first stage to 4-instar later-stage larvae; screening by using a winnowing machine again, separating out the insect sand to be used as biological bacterial manure to be collected, retaining the hermetia illucens larvae, and adding the pretreatment material again;
and in the third stage, breeding the black soldier fly larvae to the final stage of 5 years, screening by adopting a winnowing machine, separating out the insect sand, collecting the separated insect sand as biological bacterial manure, and taking the rest insect bodies as protein feed.
2. The method for efficient conversion of organic solid waste with high-density hermetia illucens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the organic solid waste comprises kitchen waste or animal waste, and the particle size of the organic solid waste is less than 2 mm.
3. The method for efficient conversion of organic solid waste with high-density hermetia illucens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pretreatment material is added with a hermetia illucens symbiotic microbial inoculum, and the hermetia illucens symbiotic microbial inoculum is bacillus beiLeisi.
4. The method for efficient conversion of organic solid waste with high-density hermetia illucens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the volume of the box-shaped biological processor is length multiplied by width multiplied by height =1 multiplied by 0.3m3。
5. The method for efficient conversion of organic solid waste with high-density hermetia illucens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the inoculation density of the 3 rd-age hermetia illucens in the second stage is 25-35 ten thousand/m2。
6. The method for efficient conversion of organic solid waste with high-density hermetia illucens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second and third stage feeding processes, pretreatment feed needs to be supplemented in time.
7. The method for efficient conversion of organic solid waste with high-density hermetia illucens according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the three stages of treatment, the material temperature is 35-45 ℃ and the air humidity is less than 70%.
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| CN114145267A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-08 | 安徽黄河水处理科技股份有限公司 | Three-stage type breeding method for hermetia illucens |
| CN115351055A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-11-18 | 长沙中联重科环境产业有限公司 | Method for converting kitchen waste by utilizing stratiomyiid |
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| CN111742889A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-10-09 | 汕头安芮洁环保科技有限公司 | Breeding method of hermetia illucens |
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