CN105016792A - Method for converting kitchen waste to produce functional microbial organic fertilizer by hermertia illucens L and microorganisms - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing functional microbial organic fertilizer by utilizing light-spotted flat-horned soldier flies and microorganisms to transform kitchen waste. Firstly, the kitchen waste is processed into a slurry, and yeast and deodorizing bacteria are inserted for anaerobic fermentation. Then the activated Bacillus megaterium was cultured and fermented into a fermentation liquid; the slurry was placed in a reactor, and the 3rd instar soldier fly larva was inserted into it according to a certain inoculum amount, and after cultivation, it was sprayed into the Bacillus megaterium fermentation liquid in proportion, After continuous fermentation, the insect material mixture is obtained. After sieving, the flat horned soldier fly body and bio-organic fertilizer are collected, and the body is dried to become feed. The organic fertilizer is packaged and stored after passing the quality inspection. The present invention has short processing cycle, green and energy-saving, and the whole processing process is basically carried out in a closed state, and no obvious air pollution will be generated; the use of kitchen waste as the raw material for producing organic fertilizer can significantly reduce the production cost, and at the same time, the use of organic fertilizer can also reduce the production cost. The application of chemical fertilizers improves farmers' benefits and reduces environmental pollution.

Description

Method for producing functional microbial organic fertilizer by utilizing light-spotted soldier flies and microorganisms to transform kitchen waste

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of biology and fertilizer processing, in particular to a method for producing functional microbial organic fertilizer by utilizing light-spotted soldier flies and microorganisms to transform kitchen waste.

Background technique

Kitchen waste includes food waste, catering leftovers, food processing waste, non-edible animal and vegetable oils, and various oil-water mixtures from families, schools, institutions, public canteens, and catering industries. It is an important part of municipal solid waste. Taking Beijing as an example, more than 1,600 tons of kitchen waste is generated every day; it is estimated that 1.34 billion people in the country will generate 134,000 tons of kitchen waste per month. Random stacking and illegal disposal of these kitchen wastes not only waste resources, but also pollute the environment, endanger public health and food safety, and go against our country's concept of creating a conservation-oriented society and sustainable development. How to recycle these misplaced resources has become an urgent problem to be solved in the social and economic development of our country.

The method of bioconverting food waste is widely used due to its advantages of low energy consumption, large processing capacity and environmental friendliness. This method mainly uses microorganisms or lower animals to convert food waste into organic fertilizer, energy or feed, such as the Chinese patent " High-efficiency and low-energy-consumption comprehensive treatment method for kitchen waste" (publication number CN104646390A) and patent "a method for producing high-efficiency organic fertilizer by using kitchen waste" (publication number CN104529575A). Fertilization treatment includes aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion, which can continuously process large quantities of food waste. However, due to the characteristics of high fat and high salt in food waste, the biotransformation efficiency of microorganisms is limited. Food waste can also be used to produce feed through biological fermentation, such as the Chinese patent "A Method for Producing Bacterial Protein Feed Through Microbial Fermentation of Food Waste" (publication number CN103396973A). Certain security risks, this method is still controversial (Lin CSK et al., 2013).

In recent years, there has been a composting method using lower animals, which can completely convert food waste into protein and bio-organic fertilizer without causing secondary pollution. Animal Protein Feed Method" (publication number CN101305768), but this method takes a long period of 80-85 days, and occupies a large area, which is easily affected by natural conditions such as climate.

Hermetia illucens L. has the characteristics of rapid reproduction, large biomass, wide feeding habits, easy management, low feeding cost, and good animal palatability. It can not only bioconvert food waste into protein-rich and Oily insect biomass and organic fertilizers also have the effects of deodorizing and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria (Li Z et al., 2012; Zheng L et al., 2012a). For example, the Chinese patent "A Process for Using Black Soldier Fly to Treat Food Waste" (publication number CN102350433), the Chinese Patent "A Food Waste Treatment System" (publication number CN103639180) and the Chinese Patent "A Transformation of Scavenging Insects Method and device for preparing biodiesel from organic waste" (publication number CN103805334A). Although the above-mentioned patent can convert food waste into bio-organic fertilizer and insect protein in a short period of time (3-7 days) by using the soldier fly with bright spots, but the role of microorganisms has not been fully exerted during the conversion process. Although the kitchen waste bio-organic fertilizer produced by the above process can meet the national organic fertilizer standards in terms of organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the number of microorganisms in the fertilizer, especially the number of functional microorganisms that have the functions of promoting plant growth and disease resistance It is still insufficient, and the technical level still has room for improvement.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing functional microbial organic fertilizer by utilizing light-spotted flat-horned soldier flies and microorganisms to transform kitchen waste to produce functional microbial organic fertilizers, which has a short production cycle and will not cause secondary pollution. , and the obtained organic fertilizer has high organic matter and microbial content, which can maximize the commercial value of the kitchen waste bio-organic fertilizer.

To achieve the above object, the present invention can take the following technical solutions:

The method for producing functional microbial organic fertilizer by using light-spotted flat-horned soldier flies and microorganisms to transform kitchen waste according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

The first step, food waste pretreatment

After simple sorting and crushing of the collected food waste, the grease is separated and processed separately, the remaining slurry is collected in the mixer, the water is adjusted to 80~87%, and the amount of yeast is added according to the mass volume ratio of 0.1~0.3%. Bacteria and bacteria powder, according to the mass ratio of 0.02~0.1%, add deodorizing bacteria, anaerobic fermentation at 25~30°C for 48~72h before use;

The second step is to prepare the Bacillus fermentation broth

The cultured and activated Bacillus megaterium strains are made into a suspended bacterial liquid with sterile physiological saline, inoculated into a liquid fermentation medium, and fermented for 18-24 hours to obtain a Bacillus megaterium fermentation liquid for use;

The third step is to transform food waste

Put the food waste pretreated in the first step into the reactor, and inoculate the 3rd instar soldier fly larvae according to the inoculum amount of 1000-2000 larvae/kg food waste, and culture them at 25-30°C for 5-7 days. day; then spray the Bacillus megaterium fermentation liquid prepared in the second step according to 10% of the material volume ratio, continue to stir and ventilate, keep the temperature at 25-30°C, ferment for 1-2 days, increase the ventilation rate, and obtain a moisture content of 30 ~40% insect feed mixture;

The fourth step, screening

Put the insect material mixture obtained in the third step into a horizontal vibrating sieve to sieve, collect the soldier fly body and bio-organic fertilizer respectively, and dry the soldier fly body to become feed, and the organic fertilizer passes the quality inspection Pack and store.

The special bacteria for deodorization is SKHZYE-RBFW-04.

The invention has the advantages of short treatment period, green and energy-saving, and the whole treatment process is basically carried out in a closed state without obvious air pollution. The Bacillus megaterium used in the treatment process can dissolve the ineffective phosphorus in the kitchen waste and turn it into phosphorus that can be used by plants. The polysaccharides secreted by it can improve the aggregate structure of the soil and increase the excellent physical properties of the soil. , Promote plant nutrient absorption, promote the dissolution and utilization of ineffective phosphorus in the soil, and then assist the growth of microorganisms in the soil, and increase the disease resistance of plants.

The invention uses kitchen garbage as raw materials for producing organic fertilizers, which can significantly reduce production costs, and meanwhile, using organic fertilizers in soil can reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, improve farmers' benefits, and reduce environmental pollution.

The invention has the advantages of simple process, low production cost, environmental friendliness and good economic and social benefits.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in more detail below through specific examples.

Example 1

The method for producing functional microbial organic fertilizer by using light-spotted flat-horned soldier flies and microorganisms to transform kitchen waste according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

The first step, food waste pretreatment

The collected food waste with a water content of 80% is sorted to remove inorganic substances such as metals and plastics, and sent to the pulverizer to be crushed to a particle size of 1mm. The grease is separated and processed separately (can be processed into biodiesel), and the remaining materials The slurry is collected into the mixer through pipelines and mud pumps, and the water content is adjusted to 85%. Yeast powder (Angel Yeast) is added in an amount of 0.1% by mass to volume , and food waste is added in an amount of 0.02% by mass. Treat deodorizing bacteria (Su Kehan, SKHZYE-RBFW-04), anaerobic fermentation at 25°C for 48 hours before use;

The second step is to prepare the Bacillus fermentation broth

Use beef extract peptone medium to activate Bacillus megaterium (CICC No.: 20611), make a suspended bacterial liquid with sterile physiological saline, and inoculate it into a liquid fermentation medium. The composition of the fermentation medium (g/L): starch 19.67 , soybean meal 48.85, KH ₂ PO ₄ 2, Na ₂ HPO ₄ 0.5, CaCO ₃ 0.5, MgSO ₄ 0.5, MnSO ₄ 0.5; culture conditions: tank pressure 0.05 Mpa, stirring speed 170 r/min, culture temperature 30°C, pH= 7.0, the fermentation time is 18h, and the Bacillus megaterium fermentation liquid is obtained for subsequent use;

The third step is to transform food waste

Use a mud pump to transfer the food waste pretreated in the first step to a reactor that can be ventilated and stirred. According to the inoculation amount of 1500 larvae/kg food waste, insert the 3rd instar soldier fly larvae and culture at 30 °C 5 days; then spray into the Bacillus megaterium fermentation liquid prepared in the second step according to 10% of the material mass volume ratio, continue to stir and ventilate, keep the temperature at 25 ° C, ferment for 2 days, increase the ventilation rate, and obtain a water content of 35%. insect feed mixture;

The fourth step, screening

Put the insect material mixture obtained in the third step into a horizontal vibrating sieve for sieving, and collect the soldier fly body and bio-organic fertilizer respectively. After drying, the soldier fly body is packaged as feed for sale; the obtained organic The quality of the fertilizer has been tested (the determination method of moisture, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and other nutrient components is carried out according to the method specified in the organic fertilizer standard NY525-2012; the effective number of viable bacteria in the organic fertilizer is determined according to 5.3.2 in NY/T 798-2004 coli in organic fertilizer should be carried out according to the method of GB/T 19524.1-2004), the result is: the water content is 21.8%, and can be directly granulated; the nature of organic fertilizer is close to neutral, the organic matter content is 86.1%, nitrogen The total nutrient content of phosphorus and potassium is 8.3%, which meets the quality standards of the national organic fertilizer. The specific test results of Example 1 are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1: Main nutrients and trace elements in organic fertilizers;

.

The microbiological indicators in organic fertilizers are shown in Table 2. The number of effective viable bacteria is 190 million/g, which is far higher than the minimum standard of 20 million/g for bio-organic fertilizers stipulated by the state. Escherichia coli has not been detected, basically no It will cause secondary pollution to the soil.

Table 2: Microbiological indicators of organic fertilizer products

.

Example 2

The method for producing functional microbial organic fertilizer by using light-spotted flat-horned soldier flies and microorganisms to transform kitchen waste according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

The first step, food waste pretreatment

The collected food waste with a water content of 90% is sorted to remove inorganic substances such as metals and plastics, and sent to the pulverizer to be crushed to a particle size of 2mm, and the oil and water separation equipment is used to separate the grease for further processing (it can be processed into bio Diesel oil), the remaining slurry is collected into the mixer through pipelines and mud pumps, the water content is adjusted to 87%, and yeast powder (Ange Yeast) is added according to the mass-volume ratio of 0.3%, according to the mass ratio of 0.1% Insert special bacteria for food waste treatment and deodorization (Su Kehan, SKHZYE-RBFW-04), anaerobic fermentation at 30°C for 72 hours and then set aside;

The second step is to prepare the Bacillus fermentation broth

With embodiment 1;

The third step is to transform food waste

Use a mud pump to transfer the food waste pretreated in the first step to a reactor that can be ventilated and stirred. According to the inoculation amount of 1000 larvae/kg food waste, insert the 3rd instar soldier fly larvae and culture at 30 °C 7 days; then spray into the Bacillus megaterium fermentation liquid prepared in the second step according to 10% of the mass- volume ratio of the material, continue to stir and ventilate, keep the temperature at 30°C, ferment for 2 days, increase the ventilation rate, and obtain a water content of 31%. insect feed mixture;

The fourth step, screening

With embodiment 1.

The obtained organic fertilizer has been tested for quality, and the result is: the moisture content is 25.3%, which can be directly granulated; the organic fertilizer is close to neutral in nature, with an organic matter content of 88.2%, and a total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of 7.7%, which meets the quality standards of the national organic fertilizer . The specific test results of Example 2 are shown in Table 3 below.

Table 3: Main nutrient components of kitchen waste bio-organic fertilizer

.

The microbiological indicators of organic fertilizer products are shown in Table 4, in which the number of effective viable bacteria is 160 million/g, which is far higher than the minimum standard of 20 million/g for bio-organic fertilizers stipulated by the state. Escherichia coli was not detected, basically It will not cause secondary pollution to the soil.

Table 4: Microbiological indicators in organic fertilizer products

.

Claims (2)

1. utilize speck flat angle stratiomyiid and microbial transformation changing food waste to produce a method for functional microorganism fertilizer, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:

The first step, changing food waste pre-treatment

After simply being sorted by the changing food waste of collection, pulverizing, otherwise processed separated by grease, and residue slip is collected in stirrer, and moisture is adjusted to 80 ~ 87%, according to mass volume ratiothe consumption access yeast bacterium powder of 0.1 ~ 0.3%, according to the consumption access deodorizing special bacterium of mass ratio 0.02 ~ 0.1%, for subsequent use after anaerobically fermenting 48 ~ 72h under 25 ~ 30 DEG C of conditions;

Second step, prepares fermentation of bacillus liquid

The bacillus megaterium bacterial classification stroke-physiological saline solution of cultivating activation is made suspension bacteria liquid, is inoculated in liquid fermentation medium, fermentation culture 18 ~ 24h, obtains bacillus megaterium fermented liquid for subsequent use;

3rd step, transforms changing food waste

Pretreated for the first step changing food waste is placed in reactor, according to the inoculum size of 1000 ~ 2000 larvas/kg changing food waste, access 3 age flat angle stratiomyiid larva, 25 ~ 30 DEG C cultivate 5 ~ 7 days; Then according to material volume10% of ratio sprays into bacillus megaterium fermented liquid prepared by second step, continue air blow and agitation, keep temperature 25 ~ 30 DEG C, ferment 1 ~ 2 day, stronger ventilation amount, obtain moisture content 30 ~ 40% worm material mixture;

4th step, screening

The worm material mixture that 3rd step obtains is put into horizontal vibration sieve, collect flat angle stratiomyiid polypide and biological organic fertilizer respectively, flat angle stratiomyiid polypide drying becomes feed, and fertilizer is through the qualified package storage of quality examination.

2. the method utilizing speck flat angle stratiomyiid and microbial transformation changing food waste to produce functional microorganism fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described deodorizing special bacterium is SKHZYE-RBFW-04.