CN108812555B - Method for feeding earthworms by using kitchen waste - Google Patents
Method for feeding earthworms by using kitchen waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN108812555B CN108812555B CN201810680325.7A CN201810680325A CN108812555B CN 108812555 B CN108812555 B CN 108812555B CN 201810680325 A CN201810680325 A CN 201810680325A CN 108812555 B CN108812555 B CN 108812555B
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- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 230000001488 breeding Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000000813 microbial Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000019749 Dry matter Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000017585 alfalfa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000017587 alfalfa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000589513 Burkholderia cepacia Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940057059 Monascus purpureus Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000235395 Mucor Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000235015 Yarrowia lipolytica Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000108664 Nitrobacteria Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000579741 Sphaerotheca <fungi> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000243 photosynthetic Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000021051 daily weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000021053 average weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241001561106 Allolobophora caliginosa Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004059 degradation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000893018 Armeria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940029983 VITAMINS Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940021016 Vitamin IV solution additives Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001058 adult Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021120 animal protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamins Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23Y2220/00—Lactobacillus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for feeding earthworms by utilizing kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps: 1) collecting and sorting kitchen waste; 2) treating the kitchen waste: placing solid kitchen waste, straw dry matter subjected to ammoniation treatment and fruit peel into a grinder for grinding, adding a microbial agent M, and fermenting for 2-3 days to obtain a mixed material A; uniformly mixing liquid kitchen waste, straw dry matter subjected to ammoniation treatment and alfalfa crushed matter, adding a microbial agent N, and fermenting for 2-3 days to obtain a material B; uniformly mixing the material A and the material B, and adjusting the water content to 60-70% to obtain earthworm feed; 3) and (5) earthworm breeding. The invention can efficiently utilize food waste and delay the degeneration of earthworm germplasm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of resource regeneration comprehensive recycling. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for feeding earthworms by using kitchen waste.
Background
The kitchen is a general term of leftover food, dining table waste and kitchen offal, is a main component of an organic phase in municipal domestic waste, is rich in nutrients such as vitamins, starch, protein, grease, edible fiber, fatty acid, sugar, salt and the like, and is an ideal raw material for earthworm cultivation. However, the kitchen waste is rich in a large amount of grease, and if the kitchen waste is directly used for feeding earthworms, the earthworms are usually killed or escaped due to anoxic and acidification of a culture substrate caused by the grease rich in the culture quality.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for feeding earthworms using kitchen garbage, which can efficiently convert kitchen garbage and straws into animal proteins.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for feeding earthworms using kitchen garbage, comprising the steps of:
1) collecting and sorting kitchen waste: adding a microbial agent M into the collected kitchen waste, then sorting the kitchen waste into metal objects and large-particle inorganic matters, and centrifugally separating the sorted kitchen waste to obtain solid kitchen waste and liquid kitchen waste;
2) treating the kitchen waste: placing solid kitchen waste, straw dry matter subjected to ammoniation treatment and fruit peel into a grinder for grinding, adding a microbial agent M, and fermenting for 2-3 days to obtain a mixed material A; uniformly mixing liquid kitchen waste, straw dry matter subjected to ammoniation treatment and alfalfa crushed matter, adding a microbial agent N, and fermenting for 2-3 days to obtain a material B; uniformly mixing the material A and the material B, and adjusting the water content to 60-70% to obtain earthworm feed;
3) earthworm breeding: laying a first breeding tank on a horizontal ground, wherein the first breeding tank is a U-shaped tank with an opening at the top, the bottom of the first breeding tank is provided with a through hole, the side wall of the first breeding tank is provided with a first vibrator, a layer of earthworm feed with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm is uniformly laid on the first breeding tank, earthworm seeds are inoculated, the earthworm feed with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm is added on the first breeding tank every 1-3 days, the first breeding tank is continuously cultured for 50-60 days, a second breeding tank is stacked on the first breeding tank, the height of the second breeding tank from the surface of the earthworm feed in the first breeding tank is 0.05-0.2 cm, the earthworm feed with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm is uniformly laid on the second breeding tank, the height of the second breeding tank is increased after earthworms in the bottom layer enter the second breeding tank, the earthworms are cultured for 1-2 days, a U-shaped collecting tank is placed below the second breeding tank along the length direction of the second breeding tank, the collecting tank is obliquely arranged, a collecting bag is sleeved at one lower end of the collecting tank, and the first vibrator is started to drive the earthworms into the collecting tank to be harvested to obtain the earthworms.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the solid kitchen waste, the straw dry matter subjected to ammoniation treatment and the fruit peel is 8-10: 2-5.
Preferably, the microbial agent M comprises 10-20 parts by weight of bacillus licheniformis, 5-10 parts by weight of yarrowia lipolytica, 5-10 parts by weight of mucor, 5-10 parts by weight of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 10-20 parts by weight of nitrobacteria, 15-20 parts by weight of red yeast and 10-20 parts by weight of pseudomonas cepacia.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the liquid kitchen waste, the straw dry matter subjected to ammoniation treatment and the alfalfa crushed material is 20-30: 10-15: 15-20.
Preferably, the microbial agent N comprises 10-20 parts by weight of bacillus licheniformis, 5-10 parts by weight of yarrowia lipolytica, 5-10 parts by weight of mucor, 10-20 parts by weight of lactic acid bacteria, 15-30 parts by weight of photosynthetic bacteria, 5-10 parts by weight of sphaerotheca plankton, 15-20 parts by weight of red yeast and 10-20 parts by weight of pseudomonas cepacia.
Preferably, the mixing ratio of the material A to the material B is 5-10: 1-3.
Preferably, the collecting gutter is made of a stretchable material. Through the collecting vat that sets up the contractility, can fold when the collecting vat does not use and pack up in order to practice thrift the space.
Preferably, a second vibrator is arranged on the collecting tank. And the earthworms are driven to enter the collecting bag from the collecting tank by arranging a second vibrator so as to finish the collection of the earthworms.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: adding a microbial agent M into the collected kitchen waste to avoid the growth and propagation of harmful microorganisms in the process of collecting or transporting the kitchen waste; the dry straw materials subjected to ammoniation can effectively adsorb oil, so that the oil, protein and other substances are uniformly adsorbed on the dry straw materials, and the phenomenon that the oil is gathered together to cause oxygen deficiency in the earthworm feed and the earthworm is not favored to eat due to overhigh oil content is avoided; after the alfalfa is fermented by the microbial agent N, the variety degradation of the earthworms can be delayed, and the yield of the earthworms can be increased.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
Example 1
A method for feeding earthworms by using kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
1) collecting and sorting kitchen waste: adding a microbial agent M into the collected kitchen waste, then sorting the kitchen waste into metal objects and large-particle inorganic matters, and centrifugally separating the sorted kitchen waste to obtain solid kitchen waste and liquid kitchen waste;
2) treating the kitchen waste: placing solid kitchen waste, straw dry matter subjected to ammoniation treatment and fruit peel into a grinder for grinding, adding a microbial agent M, and fermenting for 2 days to obtain a mixed material A; uniformly mixing liquid kitchen waste, straw dry matter subjected to ammoniation treatment and alfalfa crushed matter, adding a microbial agent N, and fermenting for 3 days to obtain a material B; uniformly mixing the material A and the material B, and adjusting the water content to 60% to obtain earthworm feed;
3) earthworm breeding: laying a first breeding tank on the horizontal ground, wherein the first breeding tank is a U-shaped tank with an open top, the bottom of the first breeding tank is provided with a through hole, the side wall of the first breeding tank is provided with a first vibrator, a layer of earthworm feed with the thickness of 0.5 is uniformly laid on the first breeding tank, earthworm seeds are inoculated, the earthworm feed with the thickness of 0.5cm is added on the first breeding tank every 1 day, the first breeding tank is continuously cultured for 50 days, a second breeding tank is arranged on the first breeding tank in a stacking manner, the height of the second breeding tank from the surface of the earthworm feed in the first breeding tank is 0.05cm, the earthworm feed with the thickness of 0.5cm is uniformly laid on the second breeding tank, the height of the second breeding tank is increased after earthworms in the bottom layer enter the second breeding tank, breeding for 1 day, and a U-shaped collecting tank is placed below the second breeding tank along the length direction of the second breeding tank, the collecting tank is obliquely arranged, a collecting bag is sleeved at one lower end of the collecting tank, and the first vibrator is started to drive the earthworms into the collecting tank to be harvested to obtain the earthworms.
Example 2
A method for feeding earthworms by using kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
1) collecting and sorting kitchen waste: adding a microbial agent M into the collected kitchen waste, then sorting the kitchen waste into metal objects and large-particle inorganic matters, and centrifugally separating the sorted kitchen waste to obtain solid kitchen waste and liquid kitchen waste;
2) treating the kitchen waste: placing solid kitchen waste, straw dry matter after ammoniation treatment and fruit peel in a grinder for grinding according to the mass ratio of 8:2:5, adding a microbial agent M, and fermenting for 3 days to obtain a mixed material A; wherein the microbial agent M comprises 20 parts by weight of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts by weight of yarrowia lipolytica, 10 parts by weight of mucor, 5 parts by weight of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 10 parts by weight of nitrobacteria, 15 parts by weight of red yeast and 20 parts by weight of pseudomonas cepacia; uniformly mixing liquid kitchen waste, straw dry matter subjected to ammoniation treatment and alfalfa crushed matter, adding a microbial agent N, and fermenting for 2 days to obtain a material B; uniformly mixing the material A and the material B, and adjusting the water content to 70% to obtain earthworm feed;
3) earthworm breeding: laying a first breeding tank on a horizontal ground, wherein the first breeding tank is a U-shaped tank with an open top, the bottom of the first breeding tank is provided with a through hole, the side wall of the first breeding tank is provided with a first vibrator, a layer of earthworm feed with the thickness of 1cm is uniformly laid on the first breeding tank, earthworm seeds are inoculated, the earthworm feed with the thickness of 1cm is added on the first breeding tank every 3 days, the first breeding tank is continuously cultured for 50 days, a second breeding tank is stacked on the first breeding tank, the height position of the second breeding tank from the surface of the earthworm feed in the first breeding tank is 0.2cm, the earthworm feed with the thickness of 0.5cm is uniformly laid on the second breeding tank, the height of the second breeding tank is increased after earthworms in the bottom layer enter the second breeding tank, the earthworms are cultured for 1 day, and a U-shaped collecting tank is placed below the second breeding tank along the length direction of the second breeding tank, the collecting tank is obliquely arranged, a collecting bag is sleeved at one lower end of the collecting tank, and the first vibrator is started to drive the earthworms into the collecting tank to be harvested to obtain the earthworms.
Example 3
A method for feeding earthworms by using kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
1) collecting and sorting kitchen waste: adding a microbial agent M into the collected kitchen waste, then sorting the kitchen waste into metal objects and large-particle inorganic matters, and carrying out centrifugal separation on the sorted kitchen waste to obtain solid kitchen waste and liquid kitchen waste.
2) Treating the kitchen waste: placing solid kitchen waste, straw dry matter after ammoniation treatment and fruit peel in a grinder for grinding according to the mass ratio of 8:2:5, adding a microbial agent M, and fermenting for 2 days to obtain a mixed material A; and (3) mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 15, uniformly mixing the liquid kitchen waste, the ammoniated straw dry matter and the alfalfa crushed matter, adding a microbial agent N, and fermenting for 3 days to obtain a material B; uniformly mixing the material A and the material B, and adjusting the water content to 60% to obtain earthworm feed; wherein the microbial agent M comprises 10 parts by weight of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts by weight of yarrowia lipolytica, 10 parts by weight of mucor, 10 parts by weight of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 10 parts by weight of nitrobacteria, 20 parts by weight of red yeast and 10 parts by weight of pseudomonas cepacia; the microbial agent N comprises 10 parts by weight of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts by weight of yarrowia lipolytica, 10 parts by weight of mucor, 20 parts by weight of lactic acid bacteria, 15 parts by weight of photosynthetic bacteria, 10 parts by weight of sphaerotheca plankton, 15 parts by weight of red yeast and 10 parts by weight of pseudomonas cepacia.
3) Earthworm breeding: laying a first breeding tank on a horizontal ground, wherein the first breeding tank is a U-shaped tank with an open top, the bottom of the first breeding tank is provided with a through hole, the side wall of the first breeding tank is provided with a first vibrator, a layer of earthworm feed with the thickness of 0.5cm is uniformly laid on the first breeding tank, earthworm seeds are inoculated, 1 cm-thick earthworm feed is added on the first breeding tank every 2 days, the first breeding tank is continuously cultured for 45 days, a second breeding tank is stacked on the first breeding tank, the height of the second breeding tank from the surface of the earthworm feed in the first breeding tank is 0.2cm, the second breeding tank is uniformly laid with the earthworm feed with the thickness of 1cm, the height of the second breeding tank is increased after the earthworms in the bottom layer enter the second breeding tank, the earthworms are cultured for 2 days, and a U-shaped collecting tank is placed below the second breeding tank along the length direction of the second breeding tank, the collecting tank is obliquely arranged, a collecting bag is sleeved at one lower end of the collecting tank, and the first vibrator is started to drive the earthworms into the collecting tank to be harvested to obtain the earthworms.
Example 4
A method for feeding earthworms by using kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
1) collecting and sorting kitchen waste: adding a microbial agent M into the collected kitchen waste, then sorting the kitchen waste into metal objects and large-particle inorganic matters, and carrying out centrifugal separation on the sorted kitchen waste to obtain solid kitchen waste and liquid kitchen waste.
2) Treating the kitchen waste: placing solid kitchen waste, straw dry matter after ammoniation treatment and fruit peel in a grinder for grinding according to the mass ratio of 8:2:5, adding a microbial agent M, and fermenting for 3 days to obtain a mixed material A; and (3) mixing the following components in percentage by mass: uniformly mixing the liquid kitchen waste of 20: 20, the straw dry matter after ammoniation treatment and the alfalfa crushed matter, adding a microbial agent N, and fermenting for 3 days to obtain a material B; uniformly mixing the material A and the material B in a mass ratio of 5:1, and adjusting the water content to 70% to obtain earthworm feed; wherein the microbial agent M comprises 20 parts by weight of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts by weight of yarrowia lipolytica, 10 parts by weight of mucor, 5 parts by weight of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 20 parts by weight of nitrobacteria, 15 parts by weight of red yeast and 10 parts by weight of pseudomonas cepacia; the microbial agent N comprises 20 parts by weight of bacillus licheniformis, 10 parts by weight of yarrowia lipolytica, 10 parts by weight of mucor, 10 parts by weight of lactic acid bacteria, 15 parts by weight of photosynthetic bacteria, 10 parts by weight of sphaerotheca plankton, 15 parts by weight of red yeast and 10 parts by weight of pseudomonas cepacia.
3) Earthworm breeding: laying a first breeding tank on a horizontal ground, wherein the first breeding tank is a U-shaped tank with an open top, the bottom of the first breeding tank is provided with a through hole, the side wall of the first breeding tank is provided with a first vibrator, a layer of earthworm feed with the thickness of 1cm is uniformly laid on the first breeding tank, earthworm seeds are inoculated, the earthworm feed with the thickness of 1cm is added on the first breeding tank every 1 day, the first breeding tank is continuously cultured for 50 days, a second breeding tank is stacked on the first breeding tank, the height position of the second breeding tank from the surface of the earthworm feed in the first breeding tank is 0.05cm, the earthworm feed with the thickness of 0.5cm is uniformly laid on the second breeding tank, the height of the second breeding tank is increased after earthworms in the bottom layer enter the second breeding tank, the earthworms are cultured for 1 day, and a U-shaped collecting tank is placed below the second breeding tank along the length direction of the second breeding tank, the collecting tank is obliquely arranged, a collecting bag is sleeved at one lower end of the collecting tank, and the first vibrator is started to drive the earthworms into the collecting tank to be harvested to obtain the earthworms.
Example 5
A method for feeding earthworms by using kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
1) collecting and sorting kitchen waste: adding a microbial agent M into the collected kitchen waste, then sorting the kitchen waste into metal objects and large-particle inorganic matters, and carrying out centrifugal separation on the sorted kitchen waste to obtain solid kitchen waste and liquid kitchen waste.
2) Treating the kitchen waste: placing solid kitchen waste, straw dry matter after ammoniation treatment and fruit peel in a grinder for grinding according to the mass ratio of 8:2:5, adding a microbial agent M, and fermenting for 3 days to obtain a mixed material A; and (2) mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 10:15, uniformly mixing the liquid kitchen waste, the ammoniated straw dry matter and the alfalfa crushed matter, adding a microbial agent N, and fermenting for 2 days to obtain a material B; uniformly mixing the material A and the material B in a mass ratio of 5:1, and adjusting the water content to 65% to obtain earthworm feed; wherein the microbial agent M comprises 15 parts by weight of bacillus licheniformis, 8 parts by weight of yarrowia lipolytica, 7 parts by weight of mucor, 9 parts by weight of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 15 parts by weight of nitrobacteria, 17 parts by weight of red yeast and 15 parts by weight of pseudomonas cepacia; the microbial agent N comprises 15 parts by weight of bacillus licheniformis, 6 parts by weight of yarrowia lipolytica, 7 parts by weight of mucor, 15 parts by weight of lactic acid bacteria, 25 parts by weight of photosynthetic bacteria, 7 parts by weight of sphaerotheca plankton, 18 parts by weight of red yeast and 15 parts by weight of pseudomonas cepacia.
3) Earthworm breeding: laying a first breeding tank on the horizontal ground, wherein the first breeding tank is a U-shaped tank with an open top, the bottom of the first breeding tank is provided with a through hole, the side wall of the first breeding tank is provided with a first vibrator, a layer of earthworm feed with the thickness of 1cm is uniformly laid on the first breeding tank, an earthworm species is inoculated into the first breeding tank, the earthworm feed with the thickness of 1cm is added on the first breeding tank every 1 day, the first breeding tank is continuously cultured for 50 days, a second breeding tank is arranged on the first breeding tank in a stacking manner, the height of the second breeding tank from the surface of the earthworm feed in the first breeding tank is 0.05cm, the earthworm feed with the thickness of 0.5cm is uniformly laid on the second breeding tank, the height of the second breeding tank is increased after earthworms in the bottom layer enter the second breeding tank, the earthworms are bred for 1 day, a U-shaped collecting tank is placed below the second breeding tank along the length direction of the second breeding tank, the collecting tank is made of telescopic materials, the collecting tank is obliquely arranged, a second vibrator is arranged on the collecting tank, a collecting bag is sleeved at the lower end of the collecting tank, and the first vibrator and the second vibrator are started to drive earthworms into the collecting tank to be harvested to obtain the earthworms.
After the earthworms are bred, a second breeding groove is arranged at a certain height away from the upper surface of the breeding substrate, and earthworm feed is laid on the second breeding groove to induce adult earthworms with stronger movement capability to enter the second breeding groove, and young earthworms cannot enter the second breeding groove due to weak movement capability, so that the continuous breeding of the earthworms is realized, the germplasm degradation of the earthworms is effectively slowed down, and the earthworms obtain continuous high yield; the earthworm feed is laid on the thin layer, so that earthworms can quickly eat, and the death of the earthworms caused by the heat generated in the breeding process of the earthworm feed is avoided; the collecting tank with the retractility is folded to save space when not used, and earthworms are driven by the second vibrator to enter the collecting bag from the collecting tank so as to collect the earthworms.
Example 6
Comparative example 1: the EM microbial inoculum is used for replacing the microbial inoculum N, other processes are completely the same as the example 5, 500 young earthworms with the same size are cultured, the average weight gain of the earthworms and the average body length of the earthworms are counted after one month, and the results are shown in the table 1.
Comparative example 2: the EM microbial inoculum is used for replacing the microbial inoculum M, other processes are completely the same as the example 5, 500 young earthworms with the same size are cultured, the average weight gain of the earthworms and the average body length of the earthworms are counted after one month, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 3: the common straws are used for replacing straws dry matters after ammoniation treatment, other processes are completely the same as those in example 5, 500 young earthworms with the same size are cultured, the average weight gain of the earthworms and the average body length of the earthworms are counted after one month, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical table of daily weight gain and body length of earthworms
| Daily gain (mg/bar) | Body length (mm) | |
| Comparative example 1 | 10.5 | 75 |
| Comparative example 2 | 11.5 | 83 |
| Comparative example 3 | 8.5 | 68 |
| Example 5 | 16.6 | 95 |
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the daily weight gain of the earthworms in example 5 is 58% higher than that of the earthworms in comparative example 1, and the earthworms grow by 20mm, so that the earthworms fed with the microbial inoculum N of the invention are more favorable for eating and easier to digest and absorb than the earthworms fed with the traditional EM microbial inoculum; in example 5, the daily gain of the earthworms is higher by 44% and the body length of the earthworms is 12mm as compared with that of comparative example 2, and therefore, compared with the earthworm feed prepared by the conventional EM microbial inoculum fermentation, the earthworm feed fermented by the microbial inoculum M is more favorable for eating and easier for digestion and absorption by earthworms; in example 5, the daily weight gain of the earthworms is 95% higher than that of the earthworms in comparative example 3, the earthworms grow 27mm long, and it can be seen that the daily weight gain of the earthworms is obviously slowed down if the straws are not aminated, and the earthworms are likely to have slow weight gain caused by that the earthworms are not like to eat or are difficult to digest after eating.
Experimental groups: two years after earthworms are bred according to the method provided in example 5, 1000 earthworm eggs are selected and incubated, and the average weight gain and the average body length of earthworms are counted after one month, and the results are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 4: alfalfa was not added to the liquid kitchen waste, the other processes were exactly the same as in example 5, and after two years of continuous cultivation, 1000 earthworm eggs were selected for hatching and cultivation, and the average weight gain of earthworms and the average body length of earthworms were counted after one month, with the results shown in table 2.
Comparative example 5: the liquid kitchen waste is added with the microbial agent N for fermentation, then the alfalfa is added, the materials B are obtained by mixing, other processes are completely the same as the embodiment 5, 1000 earthworm eggs are selected for hatching after two years of continuous cultivation, cultivation is carried out, the average weight gain of the earthworms and the average body length of the earthworms are counted after one month, and the results are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 2 statistical table of daily weight gain and body length of earthworms
| Daily gain (mg/bar) | Body length (mm) | |
| Comparative example 4 | 6.5 | 53 |
| Comparative example 5 | 6.9 | 55 |
| Experimental group | 12.1 | 85 |
The results in table 2 show that the daily weight gain of the experimental group is 86% higher and the body length is 32mm longer than that of the experimental group in comparative example 4, and it can be seen that the degeneration of earthworm germplasm can be effectively relieved after the alfalfa is added, so that the earthworm can still have a high growth rate after being cultivated for two years, and the time and cost required for replacing the earthworm are effectively reduced; compared with the comparative example 5, the daily weight gain of the experimental group is 75 percent, the body length of the experimental group is 30mm, and the germplasm degradation of the earthworms cannot be relieved when the alfalfa is directly used for feeding the earthworms without being fermented by the microbial agent N.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the specific details and embodiments shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A method for feeding earthworms by utilizing kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) collecting and sorting kitchen waste: adding a microbial agent M into the kitchen waste when the kitchen waste is collected, then removing metal objects and large-particle inorganic matters from the kitchen waste, and centrifugally separating the removed kitchen waste to obtain solid kitchen waste and liquid kitchen waste;
2) treating the kitchen waste: placing solid kitchen waste, straw dry matter subjected to ammoniation treatment and fruit peel into a grinder for grinding, adding a microbial agent M, and fermenting for 2-3 days to obtain a mixed material A; uniformly mixing liquid kitchen waste, straw dry matter subjected to ammoniation treatment and alfalfa crushed matter, adding a microbial agent N, and fermenting for 2-3 days to obtain a material B; uniformly mixing the material A and the material B, and adjusting the water content to 60-70% to obtain earthworm feed;
the microbial agent M comprises 10-20 parts by weight of bacillus licheniformis, 5-10 parts by weight of yarrowia lipolytica, 5-10 parts by weight of mucor, 5-10 parts by weight of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 10-20 parts by weight of nitrobacteria, 15-20 parts by weight of red yeast and 10-20 parts by weight of pseudomonas cepacia;
the microbial agent N comprises 10-20 parts by weight of bacillus licheniformis, 5-10 parts by weight of yarrowia lipolytica, 5-10 parts by weight of mucor, 10-20 parts by weight of lactic acid bacteria, 15-30 parts by weight of photosynthetic bacteria, 5-10 parts by weight of sphaerotheca planktonic, 15-20 parts by weight of red yeast and 10-20 parts by weight of pseudomonas cepacia;
3) earthworm breeding: laying a first breeding tank on a horizontal ground, wherein the first breeding tank is a U-shaped tank with an opening at the top, the bottom of the first breeding tank is provided with a through hole, the side wall of the first breeding tank is provided with a first vibrator, a layer of earthworm feed with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm is uniformly laid on the first breeding tank, earthworm seeds are inoculated, the earthworm feed with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm is added on the first breeding tank every 1-3 days, the first breeding tank is continuously cultured for 50-60 days, a second breeding tank is stacked on the first breeding tank, the height of the second breeding tank from the surface of the earthworm feed in the first breeding tank is 0.05-0.2 cm, the earthworm feed with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm is uniformly laid on the second breeding tank, the height of the second breeding tank is increased after earthworms in the bottom layer enter the second breeding tank, the earthworms are cultured for 1-2 days, a U-shaped collecting tank is placed below the second breeding tank along the length direction of the second breeding tank, the collecting tank is obliquely arranged, a collecting bag is sleeved at one lower end of the collecting tank, and the first vibrator is started to drive the earthworms into the collecting tank to be harvested to obtain the earthworms.
2. The method for feeding the earthworms by using the kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the solid kitchen waste, the straw dry matter after the ammoniation treatment and the fruit peel is 8-10: 2-5.
3. The method for feeding the earthworms by using the kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the liquid kitchen waste, the ammoniated straw dry matter and the crushed alfalfa is 20-30: 10-15: 15-20.
4. The method for feeding the earthworms by using the kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of the material A to the material B is 5-10: 1-3.
5. The method for feeding earthworms by using kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the collecting tank is made of a scalable material.
6. The method for feeding earthworms by using kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein a second vibrator is provided on the collecting tank.
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| CN109644948A (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-04-19 | 长春师范大学 | A kind of experimental provision and application for laboratory cultures earthworm |
| CN110683871A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-01-14 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Kitchen waste earthworm breeding composting device and method |
| CN112741052B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-11-01 | 黑龙江省林业科学研究所 | Method for breeding northern cold region wild red earthworms by using domestic kitchen garbage |
| CN114315437A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-04-12 | 中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司 | Composting method suitable for earthworms to treat high-oil high-salt kitchen waste |
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| CN105028346A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-11-11 | 界首市地龙养殖专业合作社 | Matrix for breeding earthworms |
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