CN115250659B

CN115250659B - Auxiliary device for improving germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil

Info

Publication number: CN115250659B
Application number: CN202210998526.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩其晟; 宁慧峰; 刘浩
Original assignee: Farmland Irrigation Research Institute of CAAS
Current assignee: Farmland Irrigation Research Institute of CAAS
Priority date: 2022-08-19
Filing date: 2022-08-19
Publication date: 2023-06-20
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-19
Also published as: CN115250659A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cotton planting, and particularly discloses an auxiliary device for improving the germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil. The soil treatment cover is internally provided with a supporting shaft in a rotating manner, a transmission assembly for providing power for the supporting shaft is arranged on the soil treatment cover, a functional shaft is arranged on the supporting shaft in a penetrating and symmetrical manner in a rotating manner, a plurality of stirring blades are fixedly connected on the functional shaft, the free ends of the functional shaft are respectively provided with a transmission gear, and the inner top surface of the soil treatment cover is provided with a rack channel meshed with the transmission gears; the inner bottom surface of the soil treatment cover is rotationally provided with a transmission disc, the bottom surface of the soil treatment cover is rotationally provided with a functional disc coaxially connected with the transmission disc, and the support shaft is provided with a plurality of deflector rods for stirring the transmission disc to rotate; the inner side of the soil treatment cover is provided with a plurality of water adding spray heads for flushing the stirring blades. The invention aims to solve the problem that the germination rate is still reduced when the traditional cotton is subjected to live seeding with water in saline-alkali soil.

Description

Auxiliary device for improving germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of cotton planting, and particularly discloses an auxiliary device for improving the germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil.

Background

Xinjiang is the main production area of cotton in China. The area of the saline-alkali soil in south China is 922.29 mu, and the saline-alkali soil occupies 43% of the cultivated area, wherein the area is 677.79 mu, the area is 188.02 mu, and the area is 56.49 mu. And the salinization of the soil can seriously affect the growth of plants and reduce the crop yield. The specific expression is as follows: the physiological drought of the plant is caused, the plant tissues are damaged, the normal nutrition of the plant is influenced, the stomata of the plant are closed, and finally the drought wilt of the plant is caused.

The cotton seeds have weaker salt and alkali resistance, and when cotton is planted in saline-alkali soil, the core problem of cotton seeds not sprouting is not caused by the death of the seeds due to the fact that the salt and alkali are high in salt and alkali, osmotic pressure is large, the seeds cannot absorb enough water for sprouting from soil, and salt resistance of the cotton after sprouting enters a bud period is remarkably improved, so that the core problem of cotton planting in the saline-alkali soil in south Xinjiang is restrained from how the sprouting rate of the cotton seeds in the light and medium saline-alkali soil can be improved.

At present, in order to improve the germination rate of cotton seeds in light and medium saline-alkali soil, the cotton seeds are directly soaked in water and configured with an appropriate amount of water, so that the seeds are sown together with water to improve the germination rate of the cotton seeds in the saline-alkali soil, but due to the permeability and evaporation of the soil, the water sown with the seeds usually only can be maintained for a short time to provide water for cotton planting, so that the germination rate is also at risk of being reduced, therefore, the inventor has provided an auxiliary device for improving the germination rate of the cotton seeds in the saline-alkali soil so as to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem that the germination rate is still reduced when the traditional cotton is subjected to live seeding with water in saline-alkali soil.

In order to achieve the aim, the basic scheme of the invention provides an auxiliary device for improving the germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil, which comprises a plurality of soil treatment covers arranged in parallel, wherein the soil treatment covers are internally provided with supporting shafts in a rotating manner, the soil treatment covers are provided with transmission components for providing power for the supporting shafts, the supporting shafts are provided with functional shafts in a penetrating and symmetrical rotation manner, the functional shafts are fixedly connected with a plurality of stirring blades, the free ends of the functional shafts are provided with transmission gears, and the inner top surface of each soil treatment cover is provided with a rack channel meshed with the transmission gears; the inner bottom surface of the soil treatment cover is rotationally provided with a transmission disc, the bottom surface of the soil treatment cover is rotationally provided with a functional disc coaxially connected with the transmission disc, and the support shaft is provided with a plurality of deflector rods for stirring the transmission disc to rotate; the inner side of the soil treatment cover is provided with a plurality of water adding spray heads for flushing the stirring blades.

The principle and effect of this basic scheme lie in:

1. install this auxiliary device between cotton seeding equipment and power equipment, before cotton seeding, insert in earth with the lower part of soil treatment cover, can drive the functional shaft through the back shaft and carry out circumference rotation about the back shaft, at this in-process, the shower nozzle work of adding water sprays irrigation water simultaneously, the soil that just can be abundant at this moment mixes soil and irrigation water for the soil that gets into in the soil treatment cover can be abundant absorbs irrigation water and become more sticky, after the cotton seed is planted to follow-up, the moisture in the more sticky soil alright effectual reduction is further permeated to the deeper layer of soil or reduces evaporation rate's condition.

2. In the process of spraying irrigation water by the water adding spray head, the functional shaft positioned at the upper half part and the stirring blade can be washed and cleaned, so that the mixing effect of soil and irrigation water is prevented from being influenced by the adhesion of viscous soil on the stirring blade.

3. The supporting shaft drives the transmission disc and the cutting disc to rotate, when the soil treatment cover works forwards, the distance from the upper part and the lower part of the bottom of the soil treatment cover can be cut, and meanwhile, the cutting disc can be utilized to slightly compress soil at the lower side of the soil treatment cover, so that the infiltration of irrigation water above can be effectively reduced.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that in the using process, the method is simple to operate and high in feasibility, soil of the cotton seed planting layer can be effectively moistened, the penetration and evaporation rates of the soil are slowed down, the water-containing time of cotton seed planting positions is effectively improved, the germination rate of cotton seeds is effectively improved, meanwhile, the waste of irrigation water is reduced due to the fact that the irrigation water is in direct contact with the soil and fully absorbed, and the waste of the irrigation water is saved.

Further, the transmission assembly comprises a transmission shaft arranged on the soil treatment cover, a plurality of first transmission wheels are arranged on the transmission shaft and the support shaft, and transmission belts are arranged between the first transmission wheels on the same vertical surface. The single transmission shaft can provide soil treatment power for a plurality of soil treatment covers which are arranged in parallel, so that the soil and irrigation water can be stirred normally.

Further, the soil treatment cover is fixedly connected with a broken soil cutting blade at the front side. And the working fluency is improved.

Further, the side of the part of the soil treatment cover located at the rear side is provided with a soil breaking roller in a rotating mode, the soil breaking roller is connected with a supporting shaft in a transmission mode, the rear side of the soil breaking roller is provided with a soil separation plate for separating soil, and the soil separation plate is communicated with a feeding channel. Soil between the soil treatment covers is loosened through the soil breaking roller, then the soil is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer by the soil partition plate, a cavity is formed between the upper layer and the layers, slow release fertilizer or other articles which are beneficial to cotton germination or growth can be added into the cavity according to use requirements, and then the upper layer is covered on the added articles, so that the articles which are beneficial to cotton germination or growth are directly added into the cotton planting layer, the influence of external environment is reduced, and particularly, in places with larger evaporation capacity, the consumption of resources can be reduced.

Further, the last time symmetry rigid coupling of soil division board has the guide board that is used for guiding the soil flow direction middle part. Because the feed channel of soil division board can extrude upper soil to both sides to reduce soil covering effect, consequently utilize the guide board to guide the middle part with soil, the direct material that the cover feeding passes through the entering.

Further, a plurality of poking sheets corresponding to the poking rods are uniformly and fixedly connected on the circumference of the transmission disc. The influence of soil is reduced, and the transmission stability is improved.

Further, a protection cavity for reducing contact between the deflector rod and soil is fixedly connected in the soil treatment cover. The influence of soil is reduced, and the transmission stability is improved.

Furthermore, a mud scraping plate is fixedly connected to one side, far away from the supporting shaft, of the transmission gear. The front soil is actively scraped into the soil treatment cover, so that the mixing effect is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an auxiliary device for improving germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a front side soil treatment cover in an auxiliary device for improving germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a rear soil treatment cover in an auxiliary device for improving germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a schematic view showing an internal structure of a soil treatment cover in an auxiliary device for improving germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 shows a bottom view of a rear soil treatment hood in an auxiliary device for improving germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil according to an embodiment of the present application

Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a guide plate in an auxiliary device for improving germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention for achieving the intended purpose, the following detailed description will refer to the specific implementation, structure, characteristics and effects according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

Reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: soil treatment hood 1, water adding spray head 2, transmission shaft 3, first driving wheel 4, driving belt 5, water inlet pipe 6, cutting disc 7, soil breaking roller 8, soil partition plate 9, feeding channel 10, supporting shaft 11, functional sleeve 12, rack channel 13, functional shaft 14, stirring blade 15, deflector 16, driving gear 17, scraper 18, driving disc 19, deflector 20, guiding plate 21, second driving wheel 22, soil breaking cutting blade 23.

The embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and comprises two rows of soil treatment covers 1 which are arranged in parallel, wherein each row of soil treatment covers 1 is supported and connected through a connecting frame, and a hydraulic rod for lifting the whole auxiliary device is arranged on the connecting frame. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, a supporting shaft 11 is rotatably installed in each soil treatment cover 1, a functional sleeve 12 is welded at the middle part of the supporting shaft 11, a functional shaft 14 is rotatably arranged on the functional sleeve 12 in a penetrating and symmetrical manner, a plurality of stirring blades 15 are welded on the functional shaft 14, two ends of the functional shaft 14 are respectively provided with a transmission gear 17, a rack channel 13 meshed with the transmission gear 17 is welded on the inner top surface of the soil treatment cover 1, a mud scraping plate 18 is fixedly connected on one side, far away from the supporting shaft 11, of the transmission gear 17, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, a transmission shaft 3 is installed above each row of soil treatment cover 1, a plurality of first transmission wheels 4 are arranged on the transmission shaft 3 and the supporting shaft 11, a transmission belt 5 is arranged between the first transmission wheels 4 positioned on the same vertical surface, a plurality of breaking cutting blades 23 convenient to advance are welded on the front side of the soil treatment cover 1, a breaking roller 8 is rotatably arranged on the right side of the soil treatment cover 1, a guide plate 9 is fixedly connected with the soil guide plate 9 on the rear side of the soil treatment cover 8 in a transmission manner, and the guide plate 9 is fixedly connected with the middle part of the guide plate 9 is fixedly connected with the soil guide plate 9.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, a transmission disc 19 is rotatably arranged on the inner bottom surface of the soil treatment cover 1, a cutting disc 7 coaxially connected with the transmission disc 19 is rotatably arranged on the bottom surface of the soil treatment cover 1, a plurality of shifting levers 16 for shifting the transmission disc 19 to rotate are arranged on the supporting shaft 11, a plurality of shifting sheets 20 corresponding to the shifting levers 16 are uniformly distributed and welded on the circumference of the transmission disc 19, a protection cavity for reducing the contact of the shifting levers 16 with soil is fixedly connected in the soil treatment cover 1, as shown in fig. 5, a second driving wheel 22 for transmitting the power of the supporting shaft 11 to the soil breaking roller 8 is arranged in the protection cavity, and a driving belt 5 is arranged between the second driving wheels 22.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, a plurality of water adding spray heads 2 for flushing stirring blades 15 are arranged on the inner side of the soil treatment cover 1 and the inner side of the protection cavity, and a water inlet pipe 6 communicated with the water adding spray heads 2 is arranged on the soil treatment cover 1.

Before use, the auxiliary device is arranged between the cotton planter and a tractor for driving the cotton planter to advance, a power device is added to the transmission shaft 3, the water storage tank is communicated with the water inlet pipe 6 for the water inlet pipe 6, a pressurized water pump is arranged in the water storage tank and is communicated with the water inlet pipe 6, a power source is added to the hydraulic rod, or the auxiliary device is directly arranged at the front end of the cotton planter, so that the cotton planter and the auxiliary device form cotton sowing equipment special for saline-alkali soil sowing, and then the auxiliary device can be put into use.

The cotton planting after pretreatment is put into a storage box of a cotton direct seeding machine, a mulching film is added on a mulching film frame, a dropper is added on a dropper frame, and the cotton seeding machine and the device are moved to a planting field, so that cotton sowing can be started.

Starting the whole equipment, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, inserting the lower part of the supporting shaft 11 together with the soil treatment cover 1 into planting soil through the mud scraping plate 18 and the cutting disc 7, then driving the functional shaft 14 to rotate circumferentially around the supporting shaft 11 through the supporting shaft 11, and driving the functional shaft 14 to complete autorotation through meshing of the rack channel 13 and the transmission gear 17, so that the stirring blades 15 can stir the soil more uniformly, in the process, providing high-pressure irrigation water for the water adding spray head 2 in the water storage tank, and spraying the irrigation water by the water adding spray head 2, wherein at the moment, the soil and the irrigation water can be fully mixed, so that the soil entering the soil treatment cover 1 can fully absorb the irrigation water and become more viscous, and the moisture in the more viscous soil can be effectively reduced from being further permeated into the deeper soil or reducing the evaporation speed after cotton seeds are sowed later; in the process of spraying irrigation water by the water adding spray head 2, the functional shaft 14 positioned on the upper half part and the stirring blade 15 can be washed and cleaned, so that the mixing effect of the soil and the irrigation water is prevented from being influenced by the adhesion of the viscous soil on the stirring blade 15.

In the process of stirring soil, the supporting shaft 11 drives the deflector rod 16 to rotate, and the deflector rod 16 drives the deflector plate 20, so that the cutting disc 7 is driven to strip soil below the soil treatment cover 1, and the cutting disc 7 can be utilized to slightly compress soil below the soil treatment cover, so that the infiltration of irrigation water above can be effectively reduced.

Finally, after the auxiliary device is used for completing saline-alkali soil pretreatment, the cotton planter is used for sowing at the corresponding position.

In the operation process, in order to reduce the follow-up fertilization work, soil between the soil treatment covers 1 can be loosened through the soil breaking rollers 8, then the soil is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer through the soil partition plates 9, so that a cavity is formed between the upper layer and the lower layer, in the cavity, slow release fertilizers or other articles which are beneficial to cotton germination or growth can be added according to the use requirement, and then the upper layer is covered on the added articles, so that the influence of the external environment is reduced by directly adding the articles which are beneficial to cotton germination or growth on the cotton planting layer, and particularly, the consumption of resources can be reduced in places with larger evaporation capacity; similarly, if the pre-fertilization is needed, a feeding component is also needed to be installed on the device, the feeding component is communicated with the feeding channel 10, the function is convenient to realize, and the feeding component is generally an intermittent feeding device.

In the using process, the method is simple to operate and high in feasibility, can effectively moisten soil of the cotton seed planting layer, slows down the infiltration and evaporation rate of the soil, and effectively improves the water-containing time of cotton seed planting positions, so that the germination rate of cotton seeds is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the waste of irrigation water is reduced and the waste of irrigation water is saved due to the fact that the irrigation water is in direct contact with the soil and fully absorbed.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is capable of modification and variation in detail, and other modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An auxiliary device for improving the germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil, which is characterized in that: the soil treatment cover (1) is arranged in parallel, a supporting shaft (11) is arranged in the soil treatment cover (1) in a rotating mode, a transmission assembly for providing power for the supporting shaft (11) is arranged on the soil treatment cover (1), a functional shaft (14) is arranged on the supporting shaft (11) in a penetrating and symmetrical mode in a rotating mode, a plurality of stirring blades (15) are fixedly connected to the functional shaft (14), a transmission gear (17) is arranged at the free end of the functional shaft (14), a rack channel (13) meshed with the transmission gear (17) is arranged on the inner top surface of the soil treatment cover (1), and a mud scraping plate (18) is fixedly connected to one side, far away from the supporting shaft (11), of the transmission gear (17); the inner bottom surface of the soil treatment cover (1) is rotationally provided with a transmission disc (19), the bottom surface of the soil treatment cover (1) is rotationally provided with a cutting disc (7) coaxially connected with the transmission disc (19), the support shaft (11) is provided with a plurality of deflector rods (16) for stirring the rotation of the transmission disc (19), and a plurality of deflector plates (20) corresponding to the deflector rods (16) are uniformly and fixedly connected on the circumference of the transmission disc (19); a plurality of water adding spray heads (2) for flushing the stirring blades (15) are arranged on the inner side of the soil treatment cover (1); the side of the part of the soil treatment cover (1) at the rear side is provided with a soil breaking roller (8) in transmission connection with a supporting shaft (11), the rear side of the soil breaking roller (8) is provided with a soil separation plate (9) for separating soil, and the soil separation plate (9) is communicated with a feeding channel (10).

2. An auxiliary device for improving the germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the transmission assembly comprises a transmission shaft (3) arranged on a soil treatment cover (1), a plurality of first transmission wheels (4) are arranged on the transmission shaft (3) and a supporting shaft (11), and transmission belts (5) are arranged between the first transmission wheels (4) positioned on the same vertical plane.

3. An auxiliary device for improving the germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the front side parts of the soil treatment cover (1) are fixedly connected with soil breaking cutting blades (23).

4. An auxiliary device for improving the germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil partition plate (9) is fixedly connected with a guide plate (21) for guiding the soil to flow to the middle part last time symmetrically.

5. An auxiliary device for improving the germination rate of cotton seeds in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein a protection cavity for reducing contact of a deflector rod (16) with soil is fixedly connected in the soil treatment cover (1).