CN115228456A - 一种催化分解一氧化二氮的高效催化剂 - Google Patents
一种催化分解一氧化二氮的高效催化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115228456A CN115228456A CN202111555728.7A CN202111555728A CN115228456A CN 115228456 A CN115228456 A CN 115228456A CN 202111555728 A CN202111555728 A CN 202111555728A CN 115228456 A CN115228456 A CN 115228456A
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- nitrous oxide
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical group [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Substances [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 halate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000275012 Sesbania cannabina Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于催化剂技术领域，公开了一种催化分解一氧化二氮的高效催化剂。所述催化剂为复合金属氧化物，催化剂主要组成如通式(I)所示：AO/Al2O3或AO/Al(OH)3其中：A为Cr、Ni、Cu、Co、Fe、Mn、Zn、Mg和Ca中的一种或多种。本发明催化剂化学成分均一、各组分之间比例较为恒定且分布均匀，分散度好、均匀性好；本发明催化剂颗粒细小，比表面积高，催化活性高，在高或低N2O浓度、高空速、较低温度、常压下，N2O分解转化率达到100％，本发明催化剂稳定性好，进行1000小时稳定性实验，反应运行平稳。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂技术领域，涉及一种催化分解一氧化二氮的高效催化剂。
背景技术
一氧化二氮N2O是一种温室气体，每年以0.2％的增长速度在大气中积累，其主要来源于机动车尾气、生物过程、煤炭燃烧、己二酸生产等自然和工业过程的气体排放。
催化分解法是分解N2O，减少向大气中排放N2O的主要方法之一，活性好、强度高、稳定性能好、成本低的催化剂是催化分解技术的关键，尤其对于含有多种复杂组分的己二酸尾气中的N2O在低或高浓度、高空速、高温、水蒸气等条件下分解而言，对催化剂的活性和寿命提出更高要求。
采用浸渍法制备的N2O分解催化剂方法多，催化剂与载体间结合不够紧密，己二酸尾气中含有水蒸气，较高温度下容易使金属离子脱离催化剂载体流失，影响催化剂活性，降低催化剂使用寿命。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种催化分解一氧化二氮的高效催化剂，本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种催化分解一氧化二氮的高效催化剂，所述催化剂为复合金属氧化物，催化剂主要组成如通式(I)所示：AO/Al2O3或AO/Al(OH)3其中：A为Cr、Ni、Cu、Co、Fe、Mn、Zn、Mg和Ca中的一种或多种。
其微观颗粒大小均匀，有良好的孔结构，金属元素呈小颗粒状均匀地负载在载体表面和空隙中，分散度好，有明显的晶体形态和光泽，比表面积为20-100m2/g，吸附孔体积为0.2-0.6cm3/g，吸附平均孔宽为
吸附平均孔径为
脱附平均孔径为
进一步的，所述催化剂为复合金属氧化物，采用沉淀法制备，包括以下步骤：将混合盐溶液、沉淀剂以并流加料方式滴加到催化剂载体溶液中发生沉淀反应，得到催化剂前驱体，经过过滤、洗涤、干燥、成型、焙烧工序制备出催化剂。
进一步的，所述混合盐溶液为可溶性金属盐溶液，所述可溶性金属盐溶液为磷酸盐、羧酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、卤酸盐、亚硝酸盐、亚硫酸盐和焦磷酸盐中的任意一种，优选羧酸盐、硝酸盐、卤酸盐、亚硝酸盐和硫酸盐中的任意一种。
进一步的，所述沉淀剂为强碱溶液和弱碱溶液中的一种或多种，所述强碱溶液包括NaOH溶液和KOH溶液，所述弱碱溶液包括NaHCO3溶液、Na2CO3溶液、(NH4)2CO3溶液、氨水溶液和K2CO3溶液。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果是：
本发明催化剂已经工业应用。
(1)本发明克服浸渍法制备催化剂金属组分不能稳定负载、均匀分散等缺点，提供一种沉淀法制备的一氧化二氮分解催化剂，本发明催化剂化学成分均一、各组分之间比例较为恒定且分布均匀、分散度好；本发明催化剂颗粒细小，比表面积高、空隙大。
(2)本发明催化剂活性高，在高或低N2O浓度、高空速、较低温度、常压下，N2O分解转化率达到100％，本发明催化剂稳定性好，进行1000小时稳定性实验，反应运行平稳。
(3)本发明催化剂成本低，性能优良，既适合高或低浓度N2O催化分解，也适合己二酸装置尾气组分复杂、工业生产工况下N2O的催化分解。
附图说明
图1为本发明催化剂截面SEM图像；
图2为本发明催化剂XRD衍射图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例详述本发明，但不限制本发明的保护范围。如无特殊说明，本发明所采用的实验方法均为常规方法，所用实验器材、材料、试剂等均可从商业途径获得。
一种一氧化二氮分解催化剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1：将混合盐溶液、沉淀剂以并流加料方式，同时滴加到催化剂载体溶液中；
步骤S2：在搅拌条件下，控制混合盐溶液和碱溶液滴加速度，完成反应后静置沉淀；
步骤S3：真空抽滤，用去离子水洗涤步骤S2中的沉淀至中性；
步骤S4：将步骤S3中的沉淀进行烘箱干燥，形成催化剂前驱体；
步骤S5：步骤S4中的催化剂前驱体加入化学粘结剂、孔结构改进剂、助挤剂，然后放在封闭的模具中，进行挤条成型；
步骤S6：将步骤S5挤条成型的催化剂放入马弗炉中焙烧；
步骤S7：将步骤S6中焙烧后的催化剂研磨筛分。
进一步的，步骤S1所述混合盐溶液为可溶性金属盐溶液，可溶性金属为过渡金属和碱土金属中的一种或多种。
进一步的，步骤S1所述可溶性金属盐溶液为金属的磷酸盐、羧酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、卤酸盐、亚硝酸盐、亚硫酸盐和焦磷酸盐中的任意一种，优选羧酸盐、硝酸盐、卤酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硫酸盐和磷酸盐中的任意一种；所述碱土金属包括Mg、Ca，所述过渡金属包括Cr、Ni、Cu、Co、Fe、Mn、Zn。
进一步的，步骤S1所述沉淀剂为强碱和弱碱溶液中一种或多种，所述强碱溶液包括NaOH和KOH溶液，所述弱碱溶液包括NaHCO3溶液、Na2CO3溶液、(NH4)2CO3溶液、氨水溶液和K2CO3溶液。
进一步的，步骤S1优选的沉淀剂为强碱中一种或多种和弱碱中一种或多种混合碱液。
进一步的，步骤S1所述催化剂载体为Al(OH)3或Al2O3。
进一步的，步骤S2所述沉淀反应碱性条件pH控制在7-13，优选pH为8-12；滴加完毕后，继续搅拌1-4小时，停止反应，自然冷却，室温下静置10-24小时。
进一步的，步骤S4所述催化剂前驱体干燥温度为40-200℃，优选干燥温度为60-150℃；催化剂前驱体干燥时间为1-8小时，优选干燥时间为2-4小时。
进一步的，步骤S5所述化学粘结剂为乙酸、柠檬酸、聚乙烯醇和铝溶胶的混合溶液；所述化学粘结剂为稀硝酸，所述的孔结构改进剂为聚乙二醇，所述的助挤剂为甘油或田菁粉。
进一步的，步骤S5挤条成型截面为圆柱形、三叶草型或五叶草型催化剂。
进一步的，步骤S6中催化剂焙烧过程，100℃-200℃条件下低温焙烧2-4小时，然后在400℃-900℃焙烧2-8小时。
进一步的，步骤S7研磨筛分得到粒度为20-40目的催化剂。
实施例1本发明催化剂的微观形貌特征
使用冷场发射扫描电镜观察发明催化剂的微观形貌特征。在观察前对催化剂样品表面喷镀了铂金，以增强样品的导电性。扫描电镜工作电压为5KV，采用高位二次电子SEI模式对样品进行了观察。图1为本发明催化剂放大100000倍大的扫描电镜照片。
从图中可以看出，本发明催化剂微观颗粒大小均匀，有良好的孔结构，金属元素呈小颗粒状均匀地负载在载体表面和空隙中，分散度好，有明显的晶体形态和光泽。
实施例2本发明催化剂比表面积、孔体积和孔径测定
使用比表面积和孔隙度测定仪，按照《GB/T 19587气体吸附BET法测定固态物质比表面积》和《GB/T 21650.2压汞法和气体吸附法测定固体材料孔径分布和孔隙度第2部分气体吸附法分析介孔和大孔》对催化剂产品进行了表面积和孔结构进行了表征。检测结果见下表。
表1催化剂比表面积和孔结构表征结果
本发明催化剂有合适的比表面积、孔体积和孔径，对反应产物具有较高的选择性，具有更高的反应活性和转化率。
实施例3对本发明催化剂产品进行XRD晶型分析
从图2XRD衍射图可以看出，本发明催化剂具有结晶性，微观结构规整。催化剂负载的金属的衍射峰发生了重叠，说明金属元素与载体间形成均匀的混合氧化物，主催化活性元素与助催化活性组分发生较多的同晶取代反应，助催化活性组分能促进主活性金属元素氧化物的还原，从而提高了催化活性和稳定性。
实施例4
将21.2g硝酸铁，16.5g硝酸锌，12.5g硝酸镁溶解于200mL去离子水中，配成混合盐溶液。用5wt％氢氧化钾与12wt％碳酸钠混合溶液作为沉淀剂。
将混合盐溶液和沉淀剂并流加入装有催化剂载体氢氧化铝溶液的反应器中，在搅拌条件下，控制混合盐溶液和碱溶液滴加速度，同时控制反应混合液pH＝11.5，直至滴加完毕。继续搅拌4小时，停止反应，自然冷却，室温下静置10-24小时。
真空抽滤，用去离子水洗涤15-60分钟，洗涤数次直至溶液为中性。滤饼在120℃烘箱中干燥2小时。
干燥后催化剂前驱体进行挤条成型。干燥的前驱体20g加入1g乙酸，0.5g柠檬酸，0.5g聚乙烯醇，2g铝溶胶，1g稀硝酸，0.5g水，0.3g甘油，1g聚乙二醇，捏合40分钟、碾压10分钟，将催化剂粉体放在一定形状、封闭的模具中，压缩成截面为圆柱形。
放入马弗炉中，650℃焙烧6小时得到本发明一氧化二氮分解催化剂产品。
量取5毫升本发明实施例4催化剂，采用微型固定床反应器评价催化剂的分解活性，原料气采用11vol％N2O、平衡气为N2，以常压、体积空速2000h-1，采用不同反应温度进行反应，分析检测N2O分解转化率。结果转化率100％时的温度为502℃，稳定性大于1005h。
对比例1
按照与实施例4相同的方式制备对比催化剂，不同之处用12wt％碳酸钠溶液作为沉淀剂。结果转化率100％时的温度为517℃，稳定性为130h。
由实施例4和对比例1结果可知，本发明中使用的一种或多种强碱与一种或多种弱碱混合作为沉淀剂。结果显示这样制备出的催化剂初始活性反应温度低，分解转化率高，可以在工业装置长周期运行，催化剂成本低，适合工业应用。
以上所述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施例，而并非本发明可行实施的全部实施例。对于本领域一般技术人员而言，在不背离本发明原理和精神的前提下对其所作出的任何显而易见的改动，都应当被认为包含在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种催化分解一氧化二氮的高效催化剂，其特征在于，所述催化剂为复合金属氧化物，催化剂主要组成如通式(I)所示：AO/Al2O3或AO/Al(OH)3其中：A为Cr、Ni、Cu、Co、Fe、Mn、Zn、Mg和Ca中的一种或多种。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种催化分解一氧化二氮的高效催化剂，其特征在于，催化剂微观颗粒大小均匀，具有孔结构，金属元素呈颗粒状均匀地负载在载体表面和空隙中，有晶体形态和光泽，比表面积为20-100m2/g，吸附孔体积为0.2-0.6cm3/g，吸附平均孔宽为
吸附平均孔径为
脱附平均孔径为
3.如权利要求1所述的一种催化分解一氧化二氮的高效催化剂，其特征在于，所述催化剂采用沉淀法制备，包括以下步骤：将混合盐溶液、沉淀剂以并流加料方式滴加到催化剂载体溶液中发生沉淀反应，得到催化剂前驱体，经过过滤、洗涤、干燥、成型、焙烧工序制备出催化剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种催化分解一氧化二氮的高效催化剂，其特征在于，所述混合盐溶液为可溶性金属盐溶液，所述可溶性金属盐溶液为磷酸盐、羧酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、卤酸盐、亚硝酸盐、亚硫酸盐和焦磷酸盐中的任意一种。
5.如权利要求3所述的一种催化分解一氧化二氮的高效催化剂，其特征在于，所述混合盐溶液为可溶性金属盐溶液，所述可溶性金属盐溶液为羧酸盐、硝酸盐、卤酸盐、亚硝酸盐和硫酸盐中的任意一种。
6.如权利要求3所述的一种催化分解一氧化二氮的高效催化剂，其特征在于，所述沉淀剂为强碱溶液和弱碱溶液中的一种或多种。
7.如权利要求3所述的一种催化分解一氧化二氮的高效催化剂，其特征在于，所述强碱溶液包括NaOH溶液和KOH溶液。
8.如权利要求3所述的一种催化分解一氧化二氮的高效催化剂，其特征在于，所述弱碱溶液包括NaHCO3溶液、Na2CO3溶液、(NH4)2CO3溶液、氨水溶液和K2CO3溶液。
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