CN115176766B - Method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by using residual meal garbage and application - Google Patents
Method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by using residual meal garbage and application Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding hermetia illucens larvae by using food waste and application thereof, wherein the method for breeding the hermetia illucens larvae by using the food waste comprises the following steps: the black soldier fly larvae are obtained by incubating the black soldier fly eggs, and then the food waste is cut up, heated and stirred and mixed with mineral gel to feed the black soldier fly larvae. And is applied to the treatment of the food residue and the production of the hermetia illucens protein feed. Compared with the prior art, the method for raising the hermetia illucens larvae by using the food waste has better biocompatibility, enhances oxidation resistance and immune activity, promotes growth of hermetia illucens body types, improves survival rate, can reduce pollution of the food waste, changes waste into valuable, converts the food waste into efficient chemical fertilizers and high-protein feeds, and has considerable economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of insect cultivation, in particular to a method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by utilizing residual meal garbage and application thereof.
Background
The hermetia illucens (Hermertia illucens) is also called hermetia illucens, is an insect of hermetia illucens of hermetia of diptera, mainly has four growth periods of egg stage, larva stage, pupa stage and adult stage, the whole growth period can last about 35 days, the eggs of the hermetia illucens are oblong, the early stage is white, the appearance is clean, the color changes deepen along with time, the egg hatching temperature is influenced by seasons, temperature, humidity and the like, the egg hatching temperature generally lasts for 4-14 days, the proper hatching temperature is 25-33 ℃, and the humidity is 60-80%. The larva stage of the black soldier fly is divided into six different ages according to the molting times, one-age larva is milky white, the length is about 1.7mm, the larva starts to take a large amount of food, when the black soldier fly reaches the pre-pupal stage (six-age stage), the larva body presents brownish black, the average width can reach 18mm, and at the moment, the larva does not take food any more, and warm and dry gaps can be searched for pupation. The protein content in the hermetia illucens larva can reach 47.3%, the fat content can reach 32.6%, and the ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid is 3:2, the necessary fatty acid accounts for 17 percent of the total fatty acid, besides the essential fatty acid also comprises rich amino acid, vitamin and cholesterol, the protein and the amino acid can be used as substitutes of fish meal to produce aquaculture feed with nutritive value, the grease can also be used for producing biodiesel with good performance, and the antibacterial peptide and chitin extracted from the hermetia illucens body also have high medicinal value.
The black soldier fly is large in amount to eat organic waste, and the recipe is wide. By utilizing the characteristic, the hermetia illucens can be used for reducing and recycling the organic solid waste. However, the application of the black soldier fly in the prior art mainly has the problems of growth temperature, culture density and organic waste nutrition, and all factors have great influence on the growth of the black soldier fly. The black soldier fly has low survival rate, small nutrient conversion rate and slow growth.
Chinese patent No. 109757440A discloses a method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by using residual meal garbage. The food waste obtained by front-end classification by non-technical means is directly mixed with auxiliary materials in a certain proportion to form a feed with 64.5% -68% of water for feeding the hermetia illucens larva, and the auxiliary materials are plant fiber auxiliary material wheat bran. Compared with the crushed food waste before feeding, the invention has the advantages that the undegraded residual material has low humidity, the weight of the undegraded residual material only accounts for 2 to 6 percent of the feeding amount, and the crushing is more convenient and easier; the utilization rate of the hermetia illucens eggs is at least 32% -56.5% higher than that of the prior art; the weight of the black soldier fly larvae obtained from each ton of the food waste is increased by at least 24-118% compared with the prior art, and the food waste can be effectively reduced. However, the raising method of the invention has the advantages of still lower survival rate of the hermetia illucens, high nutritive substance waste rate and limited growth of the hermetia illucens.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of low survival rate, small nutrient conversion rate and slow growth of the black soldier fly larvae by using the residual meal garbage in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for feeding the black soldier fly larvae by using the residual meal garbage and application of the method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for raising black soldier fly larvae by using food waste comprises the following steps:
step 1, uniformly stirring a culture solution, adding black soldier fly eggs, incubating for 4-6 d at 25-30 ℃, and separating black soldier fly larvae to obtain black soldier fly larvae;
step 2, cutting the waste into particles smaller than 1-5 mm, then adding water, adjusting the pH to 7-9 by using sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and hydrochloric acid, purifying by using nitrogen, removing oxygen, sealing, and placing in a shaking box for heating and stirring to obtain a waste mixed material;
step 3, placing the meal waste mixed material and the mineral gel prepared in the step 2 into a feeding box, adding water into the feeding box, uniformly stirring, and then adding the black soldier fly larvae cultivated in the step 1; and finally, covering a feeding box with sterile gauze, and placing the box in an incubator at 25-30 ℃ for culturing until the first hermetia illucens larva becomes hermetia illucens pre-pupa and stops culturing to obtain the hermetia illucens.
A method for raising black soldier fly larvae by using residual meal garbage comprises the following steps of:
step 1, uniformly stirring 15-20 parts of culture solution, then adding 0.0005-0.002 part of hermetia illucens eggs, incubating for 4-6 d at 25-30 ℃, and separating hermetia illucens larvae to obtain hermetia illucens larvae;
2, cutting 2-5 parts of food waste into particles smaller than 1-5 mm, adding 5-10 parts of water, adjusting the pH to 7-9 by using 1-3 mmol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 1-3 mmol/L hydrochloric acid, purifying for 4-10 min by using nitrogen, removing oxygen, sealing, placing in a shaking box, heating and stirring at 35-40 ℃ at a stirring speed of 100-200 rpm for 1-3 h to obtain a food waste mixture;
step 3, placing the meal waste mixture prepared in the step 2 and 3-8 parts of mineral gel into a feeding box, adding 8-20 parts of water into the feeding box, uniformly stirring, and then adding the black soldier fly larvae cultivated in the step 1; and finally, covering a feeding box with sterile gauze, and placing the box in an incubator at 25-30 ℃ for culturing until the first hermetia illucens larva becomes hermetia illucens pre-pupa and stops culturing to obtain the hermetia illucens.
Preferably, the culture solution is wheat bran, bean dregs and water according to the weight ratio of 1:0.5-1.5: 5-10.
Preferably, the volume of the feeding box is 46-80L, and 60-150 black soldier fly larvae are put into each feeding box.
Preferably, the preparation method of the mineral gel comprises the following steps:
s1, adding fibers into N, N-dimethylacetamide, heating at 150-170 ℃ for 20-40 min, then adding an N, N-dimethylacetamide solution of 6-10wt% lithium chloride, stirring for 3-6 h at 100-130 ℃ at a stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a flocculation-free solution, and then storing the flocculation-free solution at room temperature for 4-6 d to obtain a cellulose solution;
s2, adding the cellulose solution prepared in the step S1 into N, N-dimethylformamide, magnetically stirring for 20-40 min at a magnetic stirring speed of 300-500 rpm, and adding water to obtain a uniform electrostatic spinning solution;
s3, injecting the electrostatic spinning solution prepared in the step S2 into a 15-20 mL injector for electrostatic spinning, selecting water-dipped transparent glass as a receiving plate, spinning for 2-5 h, washing the fiber membrane with water for 2-3 times, and freeze-drying to obtain an electrostatic spinning fiber membrane;
s4, adding sodium alginate and gelatin powder into water, stirring for 20-40 min at the stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adding 0.5-2 wt% of disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, stirring for 2-5 h, stirring at the stirring speed of 50-200 rpm, regulating the pH of the solution to 7-8 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 1-5 wt% of calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mould, adding the electrospun fiber membrane prepared in the step S3, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
More preferably, the preparation method of the mineral gel comprises the following steps of:
s1, adding 1-3 parts of cotton fiber into 20-40 parts of N, N-dimethylacetamide, heating for 20-40 min at 150-170 ℃, then adding 15-30 parts of 6-10wt% of N, N-dimethylacetamide solution of lithium chloride, stirring for 3-6 h at 100-130 ℃ at the stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a flocculation-free solution, and then storing the flocculation-free solution at room temperature for 4-6 d to obtain a cellulose solution;
s2, adding 15-30 parts of N, N-dimethylformamide into the cellulose solution prepared in the step S1, magnetically stirring for 20-40 min at a magnetic stirring speed of 300-500 rpm, and adding 15-30 parts of water to obtain a uniform electrostatic spinning solution;
s3, injecting the electrostatic spinning solution prepared in the step S2 into a 15-20 mL injector for electrostatic spinning, selecting water-treated transparent glass as a receiving plate, spinning for 2-5 h, washing the fiber membrane with water for 2-3 times, and freeze-drying to obtain an electrostatic spinning fiber membrane;
s4, adding 3-5 parts of sodium alginate and 1-3 parts of gelatin powder into 8-12 parts of water, stirring for 20-40 min at a stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adding 1-5 parts of 0.5-2 wt% of disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, stirring for 2-5 h, stirring at a stirring speed of 50-200 rpm, regulating the pH of the solution to 7-8 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 5-10 parts of 1-5 wt% of calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mould, adding the electrospun fiber membrane prepared in the step S3, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
Preferably, the electrostatic spinning parameter is that the voltage of an electrostatic spinning machine is 15-20 kv, and the flow is 0.02-0.1 mL/min.
Preferably, 50 to 70 parts by weight of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane is dissolved by using 350 to 500 parts by weight of water, the pH value is adjusted to 7 to 8 by using 33 to 37 weight percent of hydrochloric acid or 2 to 6 weight percent of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and finally water is added until the total weight is 900 to 1200 parts, so that the buffer solution is obtained.
The invention also discloses an application of raising hermetia illucens larvae by using the food waste as an application in food waste treatment.
The invention further discloses an application of the black soldier fly larvae raised by using the food waste in the production of the black soldier fly protein feed.
The cellulose electrostatic spinning membrane prepared by the invention is tightly crosslinked with the inside of the hydrogel, so that the strength and the modulus of the hydrogel can be improved. Adding disodium hydrogen phosphate into hydrogel solution, reacting with gelatin, and then reacting with Ca 2+ After crosslinking, apatite is formed inside the hydrogel. The apatite disperses in the internal network structure of the hydrogel to form stress nodes, so that the tensile strength of the hydrogel network is increased, the pH value of the mineral gel is reduced, and good biodegradability is provided. The apatite grows in the gel, improves the biocompatibility, can effectively promote the growth of the hermetia illucens, has the guiding effect of the growth and differentiation of cells, and is beneficial to the regeneration of the cells. The degradation effect and the bioconversion effect of the food waste are also directly enhanced, and the weight gain rate of the growth of the hermetia illucens bodies is improved.
The resulting mineral gel sections all exhibit a relatively regular porous structure. The electrospun cellulose fiber is fully adhered inside the hydrogel, and a new layer of network structure is formed inside the hydrogel, and the structure has good biocompatibility, so that the hermetia illucens has better adhesion and growth capacity on the surface of the composite material. Only a small part of the conventional hermetia illucens remains in the hermetia illucens body after feeding, more of the conventional hermetia illucens is used for maintaining the basic metabolic activity of larvae and decomposing and utilizing by microorganisms, and under the network structure formed by mineral gel, the metabolic activity of the hermetia illucens is reduced, and the energy obtained after feeding is used for growth and development, so that the pest yield is improved.
The network structure formed by mineral gel contains Ca 2+ The pH value of the growth environment of the hermetia illucens can be adaptively adjusted, and the mineralized hydrogel has good degradation performance under dry and wet conditions. The cellulose electrostatic spinning film does not have the effect of growing hermetia illucens in the hydrogel matrixThe net structure is beneficial to improving the absorption of the black soldier fly larvae to nutrient substances in the food waste, enhancing the oxidation resistance and the immunocompetence, and improving the immunocompetence is beneficial to improving the ability of the black soldier fly to adapt to the external environment and improving the survival rate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The invention adds disodium hydrogen phosphate into hydrogel solution, reacts with gelatin, and then reacts with Ca 2+ After crosslinking, apatite is generated inside the hydrogel, and the prepared cellulose electrostatic spinning membrane is further tightly crosslinked with the inside of the hydrogel to obtain mineral gel. The black soldier fly is mixed with the meal garbage to culture, so that the black soldier fly has better compatibility, the oxidation resistance and the immune activity are enhanced, the growth of the black soldier fly is promoted, and the survival rate is improved;
2) The invention adopts scientific proportioning and culture method to culture the hermetia illucens, can reduce the pollution of the residual meal garbage, changes waste into valuable, converts the residual meal garbage into high-efficiency chemical fertilizer and high-protein feed, and has considerable economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail by means of specific examples, which should be explicitly set forth for illustration, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The parameters of partial raw materials in the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
black soldier fly egg, jiangsu An You Biotechnology Co.
Residual meal garbage with water content: 71.48%, crude protein: 31.34%, crude fat: 21.41%, crude fiber: 7.21%, coarse ash: 8.34%, carbohydrate: 28.69 percent, except the water content, other indexes are all taken from the canteen of the agricultural university in China by taking dry basis as a standard.
Cotton fiber, goods number: 005 fiber length: 30mm, micronaire value: grade a, singal dell Feng Mian company, inc.
Gelatin powder, cat No.: 019, level: food grade, active substance content: 99%, CAS:9007-34-5, shenzhen Biotechnology Co., ltd.
Example 1
A method for raising black soldier fly larvae by using food waste comprises the following steps:
step 1, filling 2kg of wheat bran, 2kg of bean dregs and 14kg of water into a plastic container, uniformly stirring, then adding 1g of black soldier fly eggs into the plastic container, incubating for 5d at 28 ℃, and separating the black soldier fly larvae from the plastic container by using a sieve to obtain the black soldier fly larvae;
step 2, cutting 3kg of waste meal into particles smaller than 2mm, adding 7kg of water, adjusting the pH to 7.5 by using 2mmol/L of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 2mmol/L of hydrochloric acid, purifying for 5min by using nitrogen, removing oxygen, sealing, placing in a shaking box, heating and stirring at 37 ℃ at a stirring speed of 120rpm for 2h to obtain a waste meal mixture;
step 3, placing the meal waste mixture prepared in the step 2 and 5kg of mineral gel in a 50L feeding box, adding 10kg of water into the feeding box, uniformly stirring, and then adding 100 black soldier fly larvae cultivated in the step 1; and finally, covering a feeding box with sterile gauze, and placing the box in an incubator at 28 ℃ for culturing until the first hermetia illucens larva becomes hermetia illucens pre-pupa and stops culturing to obtain the hermetia illucens.
The preparation method of the mineral gel comprises the following steps:
s1, adding 2kg of cotton fibers into 30kg of N, N-dimethylacetamide, heating at 160 ℃ for 30min, then adding 20kg of 8.5wt% of N, N-dimethylacetamide solution of lithium chloride, stirring for 5h at 120 ℃ at a stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a flocculation-free solution, and then storing the flocculation-free solution at room temperature for 5d to obtain a cellulose solution;
s2, adding 20kg of N, N-dimethylformamide into the cellulose solution prepared in the step S1, magnetically stirring for 30min at a magnetic stirring speed of 400rpm, and adding 20kg of water to obtain a uniform electrostatic spinning solution;
s3, injecting the electrostatic spinning solution prepared in the step S2 into a 15mL injector, adjusting the voltage of an electrostatic spinning machine to 18kv, adjusting the flow to 0.05mL/min, selecting water-dipped transparent glass as a receiving plate, spinning for 4 hours, washing the fiber membrane with water for 3 times, freeze-drying,
obtaining an electrospun fibrous membrane;
s4, adding 4kg of sodium alginate and 2kg of gelatin powder into 10kg of water, stirring for 30min at a stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adding 3kg of 1wt% of disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, stirring for 3h at a stirring speed of 100rpm, regulating the pH of the solution to 7 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 8kg of 3wt% of calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mold, adding the electrospun fiber membrane prepared in the step S3, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
The buffer solution is prepared by dissolving 60g of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane with 400g of water, adjusting the pH to 7.6 with 35wt% hydrochloric acid or 5wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and finally adding water until the total weight is 1000 g.
Example 2
The method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by using the residual meal garbage is basically the same as in the embodiment 1, and the only difference is that: the preparation methods of the mineral gel are different.
The mineral gel is prepared by the following method:
adding 4kg of sodium alginate and 2kg of gelatin powder into 10kg of water, stirring for 30min at a stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adding 3kg of 1wt% of disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, stirring for 3h, reacting at a stirring speed of 100rpm, adjusting the pH of the solution to 7 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 8kg of 3wt% of calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mold, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
The buffer was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 3
The method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by using the residual meal garbage is basically the same as in the embodiment 1, and the only difference is that: the preparation methods of the mineral gel are different.
The mineral gel is prepared by the following method:
s1, adding 2kg of cotton fibers into 30kg of N, N-dimethylacetamide, heating at 160 ℃ for 30min, then adding 20kg of 8.5wt% of an N, N-dimethylacetamide solution of lithium chloride, stirring for 5h at 120 ℃ at a stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a flocculation-free solution, and then storing the flocculation-free solution at room temperature for 5d to obtain a cellulose solution;
s2, adding 20kg of N, N-dimethylformamide into the cellulose solution prepared in the step S1, magnetically stirring for 30min at a magnetic stirring speed of 400rpm, and adding 20kg of water to obtain a uniform electrostatic spinning solution;
s3, injecting the electrostatic spinning solution prepared in the step S2 into a 15mL injector, adjusting the voltage of an electrostatic spinning machine to 18kv, adjusting the flow to 0.05mL/min, selecting water-dipped transparent glass as a receiving plate, spinning for 4 hours, washing the fiber membrane with water for 3 times, and freeze-drying to obtain the electrostatic spinning fiber membrane;
s4, adding 2kg of gelatin powder into 10kg of water, stirring for 30min at a stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adding 3kg of 1wt% of disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, stirring for 3h, adjusting the pH of the solution to 7 by using a buffer solution at a stirring speed of 100rpm, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 8kg of 3wt% of calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mold, adding the electrospun fiber membrane prepared in the step S3, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
The buffer was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 4
The method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by using the residual meal garbage is basically the same as in the embodiment 1, and the only difference is that: the preparation methods of the mineral gel are different.
The mineral gel is prepared by the following method:
s1, adding 2kg of cotton fibers into 30kg of N, N-dimethylacetamide, heating at 160 ℃ for 30min, then adding 20kg of 8.5wt% of N, N-dimethylacetamide solution of lithium chloride, stirring for 5h at 120 ℃ at a stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a flocculation-free solution, and then storing the flocculation-free solution at room temperature for 5d to obtain a cellulose solution;
s2, adding 20kg of N, N-dimethylformamide into the cellulose solution prepared in the step S1, magnetically stirring for 30min at a magnetic stirring speed of 400rpm, and adding 20kg of water to obtain a uniform electrostatic spinning solution;
s3, injecting the electrostatic spinning solution prepared in the step S2 into a 15mL injector, adjusting the voltage of an electrostatic spinning machine to 18kv, adjusting the flow to 0.05mL/min, selecting water-dipped transparent glass as a receiving plate, spinning for 4 hours, washing the fiber membrane with water for 3 times, and freeze-drying to obtain the electrostatic spinning fiber membrane;
s4, adding 4kg of sodium alginate and 2kg of gelatin powder into 10kg of water, stirring for 30min at a stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a mixed solution, regulating the pH of the solution to 7 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 8kg of 3wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mould, adding the electrospun fiber membrane prepared in the step S3, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
The buffer was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by using the residual meal garbage is basically the same as in the embodiment 1, and the only difference is that: the preparation methods of the mineral gel are different.
The mineral gel is prepared by the following method:
adding 2kg of gelatin powder into 10kg of water, stirring for 30min at a stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a mixed solution, regulating the pH of the solution to 7 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 8kg of 3wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mold, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
The buffer was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by using the residual meal garbage is basically the same as in the embodiment 1, and the only difference is that: the method for raising the hermetia illucens larvae by utilizing the food waste is free of mineral gel.
Test example 1
Black soldier fly body growth detection
Recording the weight of the hermetia illucens larva when the meal garbage starts to culture the hermetia illucens larva and the weight of the hermetia illucens after the culture is finished, and calculating the weight gain rate of the hermetia illucens according to the following formula.
Wherein gamma is the weight gain rate of hermetia illucens,%;
m1 is the body weight of the black soldier fly larvae at the beginning of culture, g;
m2 is the weight of the hermetia illucens after the culture is finished, and g;
each example and comparative example was tested 3 times to average the results. The test results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: black soldier fly body growth test result
From the test results of table 1, it can be seen that the highest weight gain rate of example 1 is probably due to the close internal crosslinking of the cellulose electrospun film prepared according to the present invention and the hydrogel, and the strength and modulus of the hydrogel can be improved. Adding disodium hydrogen phosphate into hydrogel solution, reacting with gelatin, and then reacting with Ca 2+ After crosslinking, apatite is formed inside the hydrogel. The apatite disperses in the internal network structure of the hydrogel to form stress nodes, so that the tensile strength of the hydrogel network is increased, the pH value of the mineral gel is reduced, and good biodegradability is provided. The apatite grows in the gel, so that the biocompatibility is improved, the growth of the hermetia illucens cells can be effectively promoted, the guiding effect of the growth and differentiation of the cells is further enhanced, and the regeneration of the cells is facilitated. The degradation effect and the bioconversion effect of the food waste are also directly enhanced, and the weight gain rate of the growth of the hermetia illucens bodies is improved.
Test example 2
Test for insect yield
The yield reflects the utilization degree of the black soldier fly on the nutrient components in the kitchen waste, and the calculation formula is as follows.
Wherein m2 is the weight g of the hermetia illucens after the culture is finished, and m1 is the weight g of the hermetia illucens larva when the culture is started; w1 represents the weight g of the initial kitchen waste, and W2 represents the weight g of the kitchen waste after cultivation. Each sample was tested three times and averaged and the test results are shown in table 2.
Table 2: test results of insect-producing amount
As can be seen from the test results in Table 2, the test results of the insect yield test of example 1 are best, probably due to the fact that disodium hydrogen phosphate was added to the hydrogel solution and reacted with gelatin in the present invention. Then with Ca 2+ After crosslinking, apatite is formed inside the hydrogel. The cross-section of the hydrogel exhibits a relatively regular porous structure. The electrospun cellulose fiber is fully adhered inside the hydrogel, and a new layer of network structure is formed inside the hydrogel, and the structure has good biocompatibility, so that the hermetia illucens has better adhesion and growth capacity on the surface of the composite material. Only a small part of the conventional hermetia illucens remains in the hermetia illucens body after feeding, more of the conventional hermetia illucens is used for maintaining the basic metabolic activity of larvae and decomposing and utilizing by microorganisms, and under the network structure formed by mineral gel, the metabolic activity of the hermetia illucens is reduced, and the energy obtained after feeding is used for growth and development, so that the pest yield is improved.
Test example 3
Survival test
The survival rate can intuitively reflect the influence of environmental factors such as substrates on the survival condition of the larvae, and the calculation formula is as follows.
S1 in the formula is the total number of surviving hermetia illucens after the cultivation is finished; s2 is the total number of hermetia illucens larvae when the meal waste begins to cultivate. The test results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: survival test results
As can be seen from the test results in Table 3, the survival rate of example 1 is highest, probably due to the inclusion of Ca in the network structure formed by the mineral gel prepared according to the present invention 2+ The pH value of the growth environment of the hermetia illucens can be adaptively adjusted, and the mineralized hydrogel has good degradation performance under dry and wet conditions. The cellulose electrostatic spinning membrane has no obvious cytotoxicity to the growth of the black soldier flies in the hydrogel matrix, and the network structure is beneficial to improving the absorption of the black soldier flies to nutrient substances in the food waste, enhancing the oxidation resistance and the immunocompetence, and improving the immunocompetence is beneficial to improving the adaptation of the black soldier flies to the external environment and improving the survival rate.
Claims (7)
1. A method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by using residual meal garbage, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, uniformly stirring a culture solution, adding black soldier fly eggs, incubating at 25-30 ℃ for 4-6 d, and separating black soldier fly larvae to obtain black soldier fly larvae;
step 2, chopping the waste into particles smaller than 5mm, then adding water, adjusting the pH to 7-9 by using sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and hydrochloric acid, purifying by using nitrogen, removing oxygen, sealing, and placing in a shaking box for heating and stirring to obtain a waste mixed material;
step 3, placing the meal waste mixed material and the mineral gel prepared in the step 2 into a feeding box, adding water into the feeding box, uniformly stirring, and then adding the black soldier fly larvae cultivated in the step 1; finally, covering a feeding box with sterile gauze, and placing the box in an incubator at 25-30 ℃ for culturing until the first hermetia illucens larva becomes hermetia illucens pre-pupa and stops culturing to obtain the hermetia illucens;
the preparation method of the mineral gel comprises the following steps:
s1, adding fibers into N, N-dimethylacetamide, heating at 150-170 ℃ for 20-40 min, adding 6-10wt% of lithium chloride N, N-dimethylacetamide solution, stirring at 100-130 ℃ for 3-6 h at a stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a flocculation-free solution, and storing the flocculation-free solution at room temperature for 4-6 d to obtain a cellulose solution;
s2, adding the cellulose solution prepared in the step S1 into N, N-dimethylformamide, magnetically stirring for 20-40 min at a magnetic stirring speed of 300-500 rpm, and adding water to obtain a uniform electrostatic spinning solution;
s3, injecting the electrostatic spinning solution prepared in the step S2 into a 15-20 mL injector for electrostatic spinning, selecting water-dipped transparent glass as a receiving plate, spinning for 2-5 hours, washing the fiber membrane with water for 2-3 times, and freeze-drying to obtain an electrostatic spinning fiber membrane;
and S4, adding sodium alginate and gelatin powder into water, stirring for 20-40 min at a stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adding 0.5-2wt% of disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, stirring for 2-5 h, stirring at a stirring speed of 50-200 rpm, regulating the pH of the solution to 7-8 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 1-5wt% of calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mold, adding the electrospun fiber membrane prepared in the step S3, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
2. The method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by using residual meal garbage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps in parts by weight:
step 1, uniformly stirring 15-20 parts of culture solution, then adding 0.0005-0.002 part of hermetia illucens eggs, incubating at 25-30 ℃ for 4-6 d, and separating hermetia illucens larvae to obtain hermetia illucens larvae;
2, cutting 2-5 parts of food waste into particles smaller than 5mm, adding 5-10 parts of water, adjusting the pH to 7-9 by using 1-3 mmol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 1-3 mmol/L hydrochloric acid, purifying for 4-10 min by using nitrogen, removing oxygen, sealing, placing in a shaking box, heating and stirring at 35-40 ℃ at a stirring speed of 100-200 rpm for 1-3 h to obtain a food waste mixture;
step 3, placing the meal waste mixture prepared in the step 2 and 3-8 parts of mineral gel into a feeding box, adding 8-20 parts of water into the feeding box, uniformly stirring, and then adding the black soldier fly larvae cultivated in the step 1; and finally, covering a feeding box with sterile gauze, and placing the box in an incubator at 25-30 ℃ for culturing until the first hermetia illucens larva becomes hermetia illucens pre-pupa and stops culturing to obtain the hermetia illucens.
3. A method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by using residual meal garbage as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the culture solution is prepared from wheat bran, bean dregs and water according to the weight ratio of 1:0.5-1.5: 5-10.
4. A method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by using residual meal garbage as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the volume of the feeding box is 46-80L, and 60-150 hermetia illucens larvae are placed in each feeding box.
5. The method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by utilizing food waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mineral gel is prepared by the following steps of:
s1, adding 1-3 parts of cotton fibers into 20-40 parts of N, N-dimethylacetamide, heating at 150-170 ℃ for 20-40 min, then adding 15-30 parts of 6-10wt% of N, N-dimethylacetamide solution of lithium chloride, stirring at 100-130 ℃ for 3-6 h at the stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a flocculation-free solution, and then storing the flocculation-free solution at room temperature for 4-6 d to obtain a cellulose solution;
s2, adding 15-30 parts of N, N-dimethylformamide into the cellulose solution prepared in the step S1, magnetically stirring for 20-40 min at a magnetic stirring speed of 300-500 rpm, and adding 15-30 parts of water to obtain a uniform electrostatic spinning solution;
s3, injecting the electrostatic spinning solution prepared in the step S2 into a 15-20 mL injector, carrying out electrostatic spinning, selecting water-treated transparent glass as a receiving plate, spinning for 2-5 hours, washing the fiber membrane with water for 2-3 times, and freeze-drying to obtain an electrostatic spinning fiber membrane;
and S4, adding 3-5 parts of sodium alginate and 1-3 parts of gelatin powder into 8-12 parts of water, stirring for 20-40 min at a stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adding 1-5 parts of 0.5-2 wt% of disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, stirring for 2-5 h, reacting at a stirring speed of 50-200 rpm, adjusting the pH of the solution to 7-8 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 5-10 parts of 1-5 wt% of calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mold, adding the electrospun fiber membrane prepared in the step S3, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
6. The method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by using residual meal garbage as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the electrostatic spinning parameter is that the voltage of an electrostatic spinning machine is 15-20 kv, and the flow is 0.02-0.1 mL/min.
7. The method for raising hermetia illucens larvae by using residual meal garbage as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the buffer solution is prepared by dissolving 50-70 parts by weight of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane in 350-500 parts by weight of water, adjusting the pH to 7-8 by using 33-37 wt% hydrochloric acid or 2-6 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and finally adding water until the total weight is 900-1200 parts.
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