CN112167431A - Rotifer biological fermentation feed and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Rotifer biological fermentation feed and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/189—Enzymes
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of biological feeds, and particularly provides a rotifer biological fermentation feed and a preparation method and application thereof. The rotifer biological fermentation feed comprises a fermentation base material and a zymophyte liquid, wherein the fermentation base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of corn, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of wheat bran, 8-12 parts of stone powder, 2-4 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 0.15-0.25 part of complex enzyme; the zymocyte liquid is formed by expanding and propagating composite zymocyte including bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae; the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the fermentation base material is 0.5-1.0: 1000. the rotifer biological fermentation feed can solve the problems of low rotifer cultivation density and low yield and improve the rotifer yield; the physique of the rotifer can be improved, the rotifer survival rate and the rotifer quality can be improved; can purify the water body and is beneficial to the virtuous cycle of the culture water body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biological feeds, and particularly provides a rotifer biological fermentation feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The rotifer has the advantages of short life cycle, strong reproductive capacity, long-term storage of dormant eggs, capability of hatching at any time and the like, so that the rotifer becomes a high-quality micro-biological bait for artificial breeding of fishes, shrimps and crabs. The problems of low density, low yield, weak constitution and unstable survival rate of the obtained rotifers exist in the existing rotifers cultivation, and the water eutrophication can be caused by the surplus of single nutrient substances, so that the series of problems are further aggravated. At present, rotifers are mainly cultivated by livestock and poultry manure, and the livestock and poultry manure used in water can not only destroy the water quality, but also possibly cause diseases of cultivated animals in the cultivation production process. As for biological feed, the problems of easy infectious microbes and unstable quality of the existing biological fermentation feed generally exist. Therefore, on the premise of protecting water quality, the yield and the quality of the rotifers are improved, and the rotifer cultivation method is an effective way for improving rotifer cultivation income.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a rotifer biological fermentation feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the rotifer biological fermentation feed comprises a fermentation base material and a zymophyte liquid, wherein the fermentation base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
20-30 parts of corn, namely,
15-25 parts of soybean meal,
20-30 parts of wheat bran,
8-12 parts of stone powder,
2-4 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate,
0.15-0.25 part of complex enzyme;
the zymocyte liquid is formed by expanding and propagating composite zymocyte including bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae;
the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the fermentation base material is 0.5-1.0: 1000.
preferably, the complex enzyme consists of trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight-volume ratio of 3-8:3-8:1-5: 1-5.
Preferably, the zymogen in the zymogen liquid further comprises streptococcus thermophilus.
The rotifer biological fermentation feed is prepared by crushing, curing and carrying out enzymolysis on fermentation base materials, then uniformly mixing the fermentation base materials with a zymophyte liquid, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation, aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately until the pH value is 4.2-4.7.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: respectively crushing corn, wheat bran and soybean meal, sieving with a 15-25 mesh crushing sieve, mixing the stone powder and the monocalcium phosphate according to the proportion, adding the mixture into a mixer, and uniformly mixing;
step 2: curing the mixture obtained in the step (1), cooling, spraying the compound enzyme on the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the mixture to obtain a fermented material;
and step 3: weighing the composite zymocyte according to the weight ratio, adding water for propagation to obtain zymocyte liquid, spraying the zymocyte liquid on the mixture obtained in the step (2), and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the zymocyte liquid;
and 4, step 4: and (3) pouring the fermentation material obtained in the step (3) into a fermentation tank, and controlling the conditions to ensure that the fermentation material is subjected to anaerobic fermentation firstly and then is subjected to aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately for 100-fold and 120-fold hours to obtain a finished product.
Preferably, the aging in step 2 is to put the mixture into an autoclave, and aging at 121 deg.C under 0.15MPa for 50-60 min.
Preferably, the propagation in step 3 is to mix the composite zymophyte with water in a weight ratio (0.5-1.0): (250-450) mixing; the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material during spraying is (250- & lt 450-): 1000.
preferably, the fermentation of step 4 is achieved by:
piling the fermentation material in the fermentation tank to a height of 15-30cm, covering a film, and standing for 10-14 hours;
and stacking the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank to a height of 70-80cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank, turning over the fermentation materials when the temperature of the fermentation materials is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation materials, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.2-4.7 and the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%.
Preferably, the fermentation tank is arranged in a ventilated closed chamber and is formed by separating a partition wall between two opposite walls of the closed chamber.
The invention also protects the application of the rotifer biological fermentation feed in aquaculture industry.
Preferably, the application is that the fermented feed is added into the livestock and poultry manure, and the addition amount is 15-25% of the weight of the livestock and poultry manure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can improve the problems of low culture density and low yield of the rotifers and improve the yield of the rotifers;
2. the rotifer feed is prepared by crushing raw materials, curing, performing enzymolysis, inoculating compound strains and fermenting multiple substrates, is rich in various easily digested and absorbed nutrient substances such as small peptides, amino acids and the like, has the acid soluble protein content of more than 20 percent, can provide balanced nutrition for rotifers, improves the physique and disease resistance of the rotifers and improves the survival rate;
3. the curing process of the invention can not only prepare for the subsequent fermentation, but also inactivate the mixed bacteria in the raw materials and prevent the pollution of the mixed bacteria; serum lysozyme is added in the enzymolysis process, and lactobacillus acidophilus is selected to continuously acidify the substrate in the fermentation process, so that the mixed bacteria can be effectively inhibited;
4. the invention can effectively optimize water quality, purify water and is beneficial to virtuous cycle of aquaculture water.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation method of the rotifer biological fermentation feed of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting thereof.
Example 1
The rotifer biological fermentation feed of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
1) respectively crushing 25 parts of corn, 20 parts of bean pulp and 25 parts of wheat bran according to parts by weight, and sieving with a 25-mesh sieve;
2) adding 10 parts by weight of stone powder and 3 parts by weight of monocalcium phosphate into the mixer together with the mixture in the step 1), uniformly mixing, and then putting into an autoclave for curing at the temperature of 121 ℃ and the pressure of 0.15MPa for 50 min;
3) after the mixture in the step 2) is cooled, spraying 0.2 parts by weight of complex enzyme to the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix; wherein the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight ratio of 5:5:3: 2;
4) adding water into a composite fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae for propagation, wherein the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the water is 0.5: 250, obtaining zymocyte liquid;
5) spraying the zymophyte liquid obtained in the step 4) on the mixture obtained in the step 3), wherein the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material is 250: 1000, stirring while spraying to uniformly mix;
6) pouring the mixture obtained in the step 5) into a fermentation tank, stacking the mixture to a height of 15 cm, covering the mixture with a film, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 12 hours;
7) and (3) piling the fermentation material obtained in the step 6) to a height of 75cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank, turning the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation material, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.5 and the acid soluble protein content is more than or equal to 20%, wherein the time is about 110 hours.
Example 2
The rotifer biological fermentation feed of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
1) respectively crushing 20 parts of corn, 15 parts of bean pulp and 20 parts of wheat bran according to the parts by weight, and sieving by a 15-mesh sieve;
2) adding 12 parts by weight of stone powder, 4 parts by weight of monocalcium phosphate and the mixture obtained in the step 1) into a mixer, uniformly mixing, and then putting into an autoclave for curing at the temperature of 121 ℃ and the pressure of 0.15MPa for 55 min;
3) after the mixture in the step 2) is cooled, spraying 0.25 parts by weight of complex enzyme to the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix; wherein the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight ratio of 3:3:5: 5;
4) adding water into a composite fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae for propagation, wherein the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the water is 0.7: 330, obtaining zymocyte liquid;
5) spraying the zymophyte liquid obtained in the step 4) on the mixture obtained in the step 3), wherein the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material is 330: 1000, stirring while spraying to uniformly mix;
6) pouring the mixture obtained in the step 5) into a fermentation tank, stacking the mixture to be 20 cm high, covering the mixture with a film, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 10 hours;
7) and (3) piling the fermentation material obtained in the step 6) to a height of 70cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank, turning the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation material, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.2 and the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%, wherein the time is about 100 hours.
Example 3
The rotifer biological fermentation feed of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
1) respectively crushing 30 parts of corn, 25 parts of bean pulp and 30 parts of wheat bran according to the parts by weight, and sieving by a 20-mesh sieve;
2) adding 8 parts by weight of stone powder and 2 parts by weight of monocalcium phosphate into the mixer together with the mixture in the step 1), uniformly mixing, and then putting into an autoclave for curing at the temperature of 121 ℃ and the pressure of 0.15MPa for 60 min;
3) after the mixture in the step 2) is cooled, spraying 0.15 parts by weight of complex enzyme to the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix; wherein the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight ratio of 3:8:1: 5;
4) adding water into a composite fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae for propagation, wherein the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the water is 1.0: 450, obtaining zymogen liquid;
5) spraying the zymophyte liquid obtained in the step 4) on the mixture obtained in the step 3), wherein the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material is 450: 1000, stirring while spraying to uniformly mix;
6) pouring the mixture obtained in the step 5) into a fermentation tank, stacking the mixture to a height of 30cm, covering the mixture with a film, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 14 hours;
7) and (3) piling the fermentation material obtained in the step 6) to a height of 80cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank, turning the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation material, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.7, the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%, and the time is about 120 hours.
The products of the examples were tested in a rotifer culture pond, and 15 wt% of the chicken manure of the fermented feed of the invention of the examples 1, 20 wt% of the examples 2 and 25 wt% of the examples 3 was added to the experimental group, while the chicken manure was added to the control group, and the feeding times, feeding amounts and feeding times of the two groups were the same, and the growth and water quality of the rotifers of the two groups are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 Rotifer yield
TABLE 2 Water quality conditions
The tests show that the product can solve the problems of low rotifer culture density and low yield, and improve the yield and survival rate of the rotifers; meanwhile, the water quality can be effectively optimized, the water body can be purified, and the beneficial cycle of the culture water body is facilitated.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The rotifer biological fermentation feed is characterized by comprising a fermentation base material and a zymophyte liquid, wherein the fermentation base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
20-30 parts of corn, namely,
15-25 parts of soybean meal,
20-30 parts of wheat bran,
8-12 parts of stone powder,
2-4 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate,
0.15-0.25 part of complex enzyme;
the zymocyte liquid is formed by expanding and propagating composite zymocyte including bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae;
the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the fermentation base material is 0.5-1.0: 1000.
2. the rotifer biological fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compound enzyme is composed of trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight-volume ratio of 3-8:3-8:1-5: 1-5.
3. A method of preparing a rotifer biofermented feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the rotifer biological fermentation feed is prepared by crushing, curing and carrying out enzymolysis on a fermentation base material, then uniformly mixing the fermentation base material with a zymophyte liquid, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation, aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately until the pH value is 4.2-4.7.
4. The method for preparing the rotifer biological fermentation feed according to claim 3, comprising the following steps:
step 1: respectively crushing corn, wheat bran and soybean meal, sieving with a 15-25 mesh crushing sieve, mixing the stone powder and the monocalcium phosphate according to the proportion, adding the mixture into a mixer, and uniformly mixing;
step 2: curing the mixture obtained in the step (1), cooling, spraying the compound enzyme on the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the mixture to obtain a fermented material;
and step 3: weighing the composite zymocyte according to the weight ratio, adding water for propagation to obtain zymocyte liquid, spraying the zymocyte liquid on the mixture obtained in the step (2), and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the zymocyte liquid;
and 4, step 4: and (3) pouring the fermentation material obtained in the step (3) into a fermentation tank, and controlling the conditions to ensure that the fermentation material is subjected to anaerobic fermentation firstly and then is subjected to aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately for 100-fold and 120-fold hours to obtain a finished product.
5. The method for preparing the rotifer biological fermentation feed according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the curing in the step 2 is to put the mixture into an autoclave for curing for 50-60min at the temperature of 121 ℃ and under 0.15 MPa.
6. The method for preparing the rotifer biological fermentation feed according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the expanding propagation in the step 3 is that the composite zymophyte and water are mixed according to the weight ratio (0.5-1.0): (250-450) mixing; the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material during spraying is (250- & lt 450-): 1000.
7. the method for preparing the rotifer biological fermentation feed according to claim 4, wherein the fermentation in the step 4 is realized by the following method:
piling the fermentation material in the fermentation tank to a height of 15-30cm, covering a film, and standing for 10-14 hours;
and stacking the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank to a height of 70-80cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank, turning over the fermentation materials when the temperature of the fermentation materials is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation materials, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.2-4.7 and the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%.
8. The method for preparing the rotifer biological fermentation feed according to claim 4 or 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fermentation tank is arranged in a ventilated closed chamber and is formed by separating a partition wall between two opposite walls of the closed chamber.
9. Use of a rotifer biofermented feed according to claim 1 or 2 in aquaculture.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that: the application is that the fermented feed is added into the livestock manure, and the adding amount of the fermented feed is 15-25% of the weight of the livestock manure.
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