CN112155116A - Biological fermentation feed for crayfish and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Biological fermentation feed for crayfish and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of biological feed, and particularly provides a crayfish biological fermentation feed and a preparation method and application thereof. The biological fermentation feed for the crayfish comprises a fermentation base material and a zymophyte liquid, wherein the fermentation base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-40 parts of corn, 25-35 parts of soybean meal, 8-12 parts of fish meal, 8-10 parts of wheat bran, 8-15 parts of spirulina, 10-15 parts of rice bran, 8-10 parts of animal bone meal, 8-10 parts of rotifer, 8-12 parts of stone powder, 2-4 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 0.15-0.25 part of complex enzyme; the zymophyte liquid is formed by propagating a composite zymophyte strain comprising bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae; the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the fermentation base material is 0.5-1.0: 1000. the invention can obviously improve the utilization rate of the crayfish feed, improve the daily gain of the crayfish and reduce the feed conversion ratio; the survival rate of the crayfish can be improved, and the death rate is reduced; can optimize water quality and further prevent the infection of the pathogen of crayfish.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biological feed, and particularly provides a crayfish biological fermentation feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The crayfish academy of procambarus clarkii is widely distributed due to its omnivorous nature, high growth speed and strong adaptability. The crayfish meat is delicious in taste and rich in nutrition, is popular edible shrimps, and has great market demand. Due to over-fishing, the wild crayfish resource is not enough to meet the market. Due to the omnivorous nature and the eating of the crayfish, the crayfish often has diseases such as black gills, soft shells, tail rot, enteritis, shelling failure and the like in the artificial breeding process, the diseases seriously affect the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the crayfish, and the problems of low meat yield and low feed-meat ratio of the crayfish are urgently solved. Crayfish like rotten food and is not easy to survive in water with excessive clearness, so that excessive cleaning and disinfection are not suitable in the breeding process; however, the pond is too turbid, the water body is polluted, and the crayfish is easily infected. At present, the nutritional ingredients of crayfish bait are mostly macromolecules, the digestion, absorption and utilization efficiency of animals is low, and the existing biological feed is generally easy to be polluted by mixed bacteria.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a crawfish biological fermentation feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the biological fermentation feed for the crayfish comprises a fermentation base material and a zymophyte liquid, wherein the fermentation base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35-40 parts of corn, namely,
25-35 parts of soybean meal,
8 to 12 parts of fish meal,
8-10 parts of wheat bran,
8-15 parts of spirulina, namely spirulina,
10-15 parts of rice bran,
8-10 parts of animal bone meal,
8-10 parts of rotifer,
8-12 parts of stone powder,
2-4 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate,
0.15-0.25 part of complex enzyme;
the zymocyte liquid is formed by expanding and propagating composite zymocyte including bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae;
the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the fermentation base material is 0.5-1.0: 1000.
preferably, the complex enzyme consists of trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight-volume ratio of 3-8:3-8:1-5: 1-5.
Preferably, the zymogen in the zymogen liquid further comprises streptococcus thermophilus.
The crayfish biological fermentation feed is prepared by crushing, curing and carrying out enzymolysis on a fermentation base material, then uniformly mixing the fermentation base material with a zymophyte liquid, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation, aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately until the pH value is 4.2-4.7.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: respectively pulverizing semen Maydis, testa Tritici, bean cake, Spirulina, testa oryzae, and rotifer, sieving with 60-80 mesh sieve, mixing fish powder, animal bone powder, stone powder, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, adding into mixer, and mixing;
step 2: pasting the mixture obtained in the step (1), after cooling, spraying the complex enzyme on the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the mixture to obtain a fermented material;
and step 3: weighing the composite zymocyte according to the weight ratio, adding water for propagation to obtain zymocyte liquid, spraying the zymocyte liquid on the mixture obtained in the step (2), and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the zymocyte liquid;
and 4, step 4: and (3) pouring the fermentation material obtained in the step (3) into a fermentation tank, and controlling the conditions to ensure that the fermentation material is subjected to anaerobic fermentation firstly and then is subjected to aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately for 100-fold and 120-fold hours to obtain a finished product.
Preferably, the aging in step 2 is to put the mixture into an autoclave, and aging at 121 deg.C under 0.15MPa for 50-60 min.
Preferably, the propagation in step 3 is to mix the composite zymophyte with water in a weight ratio (0.5-1.0): (250-450) mixing; the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material during spraying is (250- & lt 450-): 1000.
preferably, the fermentation of step 4 is achieved by:
piling the fermentation material in the fermentation tank to a height of 15-30cm, covering a film, and standing for 10-14 hours;
and stacking the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank to a height of 70-80cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank, turning over the fermentation materials when the temperature of the fermentation materials is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation materials, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.2-4.7 and the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%.
Preferably, the fermentation tank is arranged in a ventilated closed chamber and is formed by separating a partition wall between two opposite walls of the closed chamber.
The invention also protects the application of the crayfish biological fermentation feed in the crayfish breeding industry.
Preferably, the application is that the fermented feed is added into the common feed for the commercial crayfish, and the addition amount is 15-25% of the weight of the common feed for the commercial crayfish.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can obviously improve the utilization rate of the crayfish feed, improve the daily weight gain rate of the crayfish and reduce the feed conversion ratio;
2. the crayfish feed is rich in various probiotics, can effectively prevent various body surface and digestive tract infection diseases of crayfish, prevent crayfish black cheek, soft shell, tail rot, enteritis and shelling failure, and improve the survival rate of crayfish;
3. the invention optimizes water quality without destroying flora balance of the pond, can stabilize flora health in water, reduce death rate of crayfish, and simultaneously can adjust water quality;
4. the invention can optimize water quality and further prevent the crayfish from being infected by pathogenic bacteria;
5. the crayfish feed is prepared by crushing raw materials, pasting and carrying out enzymolysis, inoculating a compound strain and fermenting multiple substrates, is rich in various easily digested and absorbed nutrient substances such as small peptides and amino acids, has the content of acid soluble protein of more than 20 percent, and can further improve the yield and disease resistance of crayfish;
6. the gelatinization process of the invention can not only prepare for subsequent fermentation, but also inactivate the mixed bacteria in the raw materials and prevent the pollution of the mixed bacteria; serum lysozyme is added in the enzymolysis process, and lactobacillus acidophilus is selected to continuously acidify the substrate in the fermentation process, so that the mixed bacteria can be effectively inhibited.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation method of the biological fermentation feed for crayfish.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting thereof.
Example 1
The crayfish biological feed of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
1) respectively crushing 40 parts of corn, 35 parts of soybean meal, 9 parts of wheat bran, 15 parts of spirulina, 12 parts of rice bran and 9 parts of rotifer according to parts by weight, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve;
2) adding 10 parts of fish meal, 9 parts of animal bone meal, 10 parts of stone powder and 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate together with the mixture in the step 1) into a mixer according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and then putting into an autoclave for curing at the curing temperature of 121 ℃ for 50min under the pressure of 0.15 MPa;
3) after the mixture in the step 2) is cooled, spraying 0.2 parts by weight of complex enzyme to the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix; wherein the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight ratio of 5:5:3: 2;
4) adding water into a composite fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae for propagation, wherein the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the water is 0.5: 250, obtaining zymocyte liquid;
5) spraying the zymophyte liquid obtained in the step 4) on the mixture obtained in the step 3), wherein the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material is 250: 1000, stirring while spraying to uniformly mix;
6) pouring the mixture obtained in the step 5) into a fermentation tank, stacking the mixture to a height of 15 cm, covering the mixture with a film, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 12 hours;
7) and (3) piling the fermentation material obtained in the step 6) to a height of 75cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank, turning the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation material, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.5 and the acid soluble protein content is more than or equal to 20%, wherein the time is about 110 hours.
Example 2
The crayfish biological feed of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
1) respectively crushing 35 parts of corn, 25 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of wheat bran, 8 parts of spirulina, 10 parts of rice bran and 8 parts of rotifer according to parts by weight, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve;
2) adding 8 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of animal bone meal, 8 parts of stone powder and 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate together with the mixture in the step 1) into a mixer according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and then putting into an autoclave for curing at the temperature of 121 ℃ under 0.15MPa for 55 min;
3) after the mixture in the step 2) is cooled, spraying 0.15 parts by weight of complex enzyme to the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix; wherein the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight ratio of 3:3:5: 5;
4) adding water into a composite fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae for propagation, wherein the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the water is 0.7: 330, obtaining zymocyte liquid;
5) spraying the zymophyte liquid obtained in the step 4) on the mixture obtained in the step 3), wherein the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material is 330: 1000, stirring while spraying to uniformly mix;
6) pouring the mixture obtained in the step 5) into a fermentation tank, stacking the mixture to be 20 cm high, covering the mixture with a film, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 10 hours;
7) and (3) piling the fermentation material obtained in the step 6) to a height of 70cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank, turning the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation material, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.2 and the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%, wherein the time is about 100 hours.
Example 3
The crayfish biological feed of the embodiment is prepared by the following method:
1) respectively crushing 38 parts of corn, 30 parts of bean pulp, 10 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of spirulina, 15 parts of rice bran and 10 parts of rotifer according to parts by weight, and sieving with a 70-mesh sieve;
2) adding 12 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of animal bone meal, 12 parts of stone powder and 4 parts of monocalcium phosphate together with the mixture in the step 1) into a mixer according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and then putting into an autoclave for curing at the curing temperature of 121 ℃ for 60min under the pressure of 0.15 MPa;
3) after the mixture in the step 2) is cooled, spraying 0.25 parts by weight of complex enzyme to the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix; wherein the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight ratio of 3:8:1: 5;
4) adding water into a composite fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae for propagation, wherein the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the water is 1.0: 450, obtaining zymogen liquid;
5) spraying the zymophyte liquid obtained in the step 4) on the mixture obtained in the step 3), wherein the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material is 450: 1000, stirring while spraying to uniformly mix;
6) pouring the mixture obtained in the step 5) into a fermentation tank, stacking the mixture to a height of 30cm, covering the mixture with a film, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 14 hours;
7) and (3) piling the fermentation material obtained in the step 6) to a height of 80cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank, turning the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation material, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.7, the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%, and the time is about 120 hours.
The product of this example was tested in crayfish feeding ponds, four feeding ponds with similar conditions were selected, the experimental group was fed with the normal feed supplemented with 15 wt% of the fermented feed of example 1, 20 wt% of example 2, and 25 wt% of the fermented feed of example 3, respectively, and the control group was fed with the normal feed for two months. Two sets of examples are as follows:
the results show that: the experimental group can effectively optimize the water quality, the daily weight gain rate and the survival rate of the crayfishes are obviously improved, and the death rate is obviously reduced.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The biological fermentation feed for crayfish is characterized by comprising a fermentation base material and a zymophyte liquid, wherein the fermentation base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35-40 parts of corn, namely,
25-35 parts of soybean meal,
8 to 12 parts of fish meal,
8-10 parts of wheat bran,
8-15 parts of spirulina, namely spirulina,
10-15 parts of rice bran,
8-10 parts of animal bone meal,
8-10 parts of rotifer,
8-12 parts of stone powder,
2-4 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate,
0.15-0.25 part of complex enzyme;
the zymocyte liquid is formed by expanding and propagating composite zymocyte including bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae;
the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the fermentation base material is 0.5-1.0: 1000.
2. the biological fermentation feed for crayfish according to claim 1, wherein: the compound enzyme is composed of trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight-volume ratio of 3-8:3-8:1-5: 1-5.
3. A method for preparing a biological fermentation feed for crayfish as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the biological fermentation feed for crayfish is prepared by crushing, curing and carrying out enzymolysis on a fermentation base material, then uniformly mixing the fermentation base material with a zymophyte liquid, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation, aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately until the pH value is 4.2-4.7.
4. The method for biologically fermenting a crawfish feed according to claim 3, comprising the steps of:
step 1: respectively pulverizing semen Maydis, testa Tritici, bean cake, Spirulina, testa oryzae, and rotifer, sieving with 60-80 mesh sieve, mixing fish powder, animal bone powder, stone powder, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, adding into mixer, and mixing;
step 2: pasting the mixture obtained in the step (1), after cooling, spraying the complex enzyme on the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the mixture to obtain a fermented material;
and step 3: weighing the composite zymocyte according to the weight ratio, adding water for propagation to obtain zymocyte liquid, spraying the zymocyte liquid on the mixture obtained in the step (2), and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the zymocyte liquid;
and 4, step 4: and (3) pouring the fermentation material obtained in the step (3) into a fermentation tank, and controlling the conditions to ensure that the fermentation material is subjected to anaerobic fermentation firstly and then is subjected to aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately for 100-fold and 120-fold hours to obtain a finished product.
5. The preparation method of the crayfish biological fermentation feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the curing in the step 2 is to put the mixture into an autoclave for curing for 50-60min at the temperature of 121 ℃ and under 0.15 MPa.
6. The preparation method of the crayfish biological fermentation feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the expanding propagation in the step 3 is that the composite zymophyte and water are mixed according to the weight ratio (0.5-1.0): (250-450) mixing; the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material during spraying is (250- & lt 450-): 1000.
7. the preparation method of the crayfish biological fermentation feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fermentation in the step 4 is realized by the following method:
piling the fermentation material in the fermentation tank to a height of 15-30cm, covering a film, and standing for 10-14 hours;
and stacking the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank to a height of 70-80cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank, turning over the fermentation materials when the temperature of the fermentation materials is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation materials, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.2-4.7 and the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%.
8. The preparation method of the crayfish biological fermentation feed as claimed in claim 4 or 7, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the fermentation tank is arranged in a ventilated closed chamber and is formed by separating a partition wall between two opposite walls of the closed chamber.
9. Use of a biologically fermented feed for crayfish according to claim 1 or 2 in the crayfish breeding industry.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that: the application comprises the step of adding the fermented feed into a common feed for the commercial crayfish, wherein the adding amount of the fermented feed is 15-25% of the weight of the common feed for the commercial crayfish.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20230212505A1 (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-07-06 | Zhejiang Gongshang University | Dried Fish Fermentation Process and Starter Culture Development Technology |
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Application publication date: 20210101 |