CN112120116A - Sea cucumber biological fermentation feed and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Sea cucumber biological fermentation feed and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of biological feeds, and particularly provides a sea cucumber biological fermentation feed and a preparation method and application thereof. The sea cucumber biological fermentation feed comprises a fermentation base material and a zymophyte liquid, wherein the fermentation base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-40 parts of corn, 25-35 parts of soybean meal, 10-25 parts of fish meal, 8-10 parts of wheat bran, 8-12 parts of stone powder, 2-4 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 0.15-0.25 part of complex enzyme; the zymocyte liquid is formed by expanding and propagating composite zymocyte including bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae; the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the fermentation base material is 0.5-1.0: 1000. the product of the invention can obviously improve the digestion and utilization rate of the sea cucumber on the feed and improve the daily gain of the sea cucumber; meanwhile, the skin rot of the sea cucumber can be effectively prevented and treated, and the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the sea cucumber are improved; in addition, the water body can be purified, the bacterial infection of the sea cucumber can be inhibited, the production cost is reduced, and the culture benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biological feeds, and particularly provides a sea cucumber biological fermentation feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The sea cucumber is rich in nutrition, good in quality and delicious in taste, contains various amino acids, and has a very obvious health-care effect on a human body. In recent years, the area of sea cucumber culture in coastal areas of China is continuously expanded, and the sea cucumber has become an important aquaculture animal in China. Due to the special body structure, the self digestion capability of the sea cucumber is weaker, and the digestion utilization rate of the sea cucumber to the common compound feed is lower in artificial culture. In addition, the skin rot of the sea cucumbers is the most common disease of the sea cucumbers in sea cucumber culture, the density of the cultured sea cucumbers is often higher than that of naturally produced sea cucumbers in the sea cucumber culture process, so that the propagation of harmful flora is extremely easy to accelerate, the skin rot of the sea cucumbers is caused, the disease can cause low survival rate, slow growth and the like of the sea cucumbers, the quality and the yield of the sea cucumbers are seriously influenced, and the economic benefit of the sea cucumber culture is seriously influenced. The disclosed or reported products or methods for improving the yield and quality of the sea cucumbers cannot solve the problem that most of the nutritional ingredients in the sea cucumber feed are macromolecules; the existing biological feed is generally easy to be polluted by mixed bacteria. Therefore, the utilization rate of the sea cucumber feed is improved, the skin rot of the sea cucumber is prevented and treated, and the method is an effective way for improving the culture benefit of the sea cucumber.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a sea cucumber biological fermentation feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the biological fermentation feed for the sea cucumbers comprises a fermentation base material and a zymophyte liquid, wherein the fermentation base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35-40 parts of corn, namely,
25-35 parts of soybean meal,
10-25 parts of fish meal,
8-10 parts of wheat bran,
8-12 parts of stone powder,
2-4 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate,
0.15-0.25 part of complex enzyme;
the zymocyte liquid is formed by expanding and propagating composite zymocyte including bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae;
the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the fermentation base material is 0.5-1.0: 1000.
preferably, the complex enzyme consists of trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight-volume ratio of 3-8:3-8:1-5: 1-5.
Preferably, the zymogen in the zymogen liquid further comprises streptococcus thermophilus.
The method for preparing the biological fermentation feed for the sea cucumbers comprises the steps of crushing fermentation base materials, curing, performing enzymolysis, uniformly mixing the fermentation base materials with zymophyte liquid, performing anaerobic fermentation, and performing aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately until the pH value is 4.2-4.7.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: respectively pulverizing semen Maydis, testa Tritici, and soybean meal, sieving with 15-25 mesh sieve, mixing fish powder, stone powder, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, adding into mixer, and mixing;
step 2: curing the mixture obtained in the step (1), cooling, spraying the compound enzyme on the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the mixture to obtain a fermented material;
and step 3: weighing the composite zymocyte according to the weight ratio, adding water for propagation to obtain zymocyte liquid, spraying the zymocyte liquid on the mixture obtained in the step (2), and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the zymocyte liquid;
and 4, step 4: and (3) pouring the fermentation material obtained in the step (3) into a fermentation tank, and controlling the conditions to ensure that the fermentation material is subjected to anaerobic fermentation firstly and then is subjected to aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately for 100-fold and 120-fold hours to obtain a finished product.
Preferably, the aging in step 2 is to put the mixture into an autoclave, and aging at 121 deg.C under 0.15MPa for 50-60 min.
Preferably, the propagation in step 3 is to mix the composite zymophyte with water in a weight ratio (0.5-1.0): (250-450) mixing; the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material during spraying is (250- & lt 450-): 1000.
preferably, the fermentation of step 4 is achieved by:
piling the fermentation material in the fermentation tank to a height of 15-30cm, covering a film, and standing for 10-14 hours;
and stacking the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank to a height of 70-80cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank, turning over the fermentation materials when the temperature of the fermentation materials is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation materials, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.2-4.7 and the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%.
Preferably, the fermentation tank is arranged in a ventilated closed chamber and is formed by separating a partition wall between two opposite walls of the closed chamber.
The invention also protects the application of the sea cucumber biological fermentation feed in the sea cucumber aquaculture industry.
Preferably, the application is that the fermented feed is added into the common feed for the sea cucumbers, and the adding amount is 15-25% of the weight of the common feed for the sea cucumbers.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. aiming at the current situation of low utilization rate of the feed in the current holothurian culture, the invention can obviously improve the digestion utilization rate of the holothurian on the feed and improve the daily gain of the holothurian;
2. the invention can effectively prevent the occurrence of the skin rot of the sea cucumber, and the morbidity and the detection rate of the skin rot of the sea cucumber are obviously reduced;
3. the invention can effectively treat the skin rot of the sea cucumber and improve the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the sea cucumber;
4. the invention can purify water, inhibit pathogen infection of sea cucumber, reduce production cost and improve culture benefit;
5. the sea cucumber feed is prepared by crushing raw materials, curing, performing enzymolysis, inoculating compound strains and fermenting multiple substrates, is rich in various easily digested and absorbed nutrient substances such as small peptides, amino acids and the like, has the acid soluble protein content of more than 20 percent, and can further improve the disease resistance of the sea cucumber;
6. the curing process of the invention can not only prepare for the subsequent fermentation, but also inactivate the mixed bacteria in the raw materials and prevent the pollution of the mixed bacteria; serum lysozyme is added in the enzymolysis process, and lactobacillus acidophilus is selected to continuously acidify the substrate in the fermentation process, so that the mixed bacteria can be effectively inhibited.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation method of the sea cucumber biological fermentation feed of the invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting thereof.
Example 1
The sea cucumber biological fermentation feed is prepared by the following method:
1) respectively crushing 38 parts of corn, 30 parts of bean pulp and 9 parts of wheat bran according to parts by weight, and sieving with a 25-mesh sieve;
2) adding 20 parts by weight of fish meal, 10 parts by weight of stone powder and 3 parts by weight of monocalcium phosphate into the mixer together with the mixture in the step 1), uniformly mixing, and then putting into an autoclave for curing at the temperature of 121 ℃ and the pressure of 0.15MPa for 50 min;
3) after the mixture in the step 2) is cooled, spraying 0.2 parts by weight of complex enzyme to the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix; wherein the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight ratio of 5:5:3: 2;
4) adding water into a composite fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae for propagation, wherein the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the water is 0.5: 250, obtaining zymocyte liquid;
5) spraying the zymophyte liquid obtained in the step 4) on the mixture obtained in the step 3), wherein the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material is 250: 1000, stirring while spraying to uniformly mix;
6) pouring the mixture obtained in the step 5) into a fermentation tank, stacking the mixture to a height of 15 cm, covering the mixture with a film, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 12 hours;
7) and (3) piling the fermentation material obtained in the step 6) to a height of 75cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank, turning the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation material, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.5 and the acid soluble protein content is more than or equal to 20%, wherein the time is about 110 hours.
Example 2
The sea cucumber biological fermentation feed is prepared by the following method:
1) respectively crushing 35 parts of corn, 25 parts of bean pulp and 8 parts of wheat bran according to the parts by weight, and sieving by a 15-mesh sieve;
2) adding 25 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of stone powder and 4 parts of monocalcium phosphate together with the mixture in the step 1) into a mixer according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and then putting into an autoclave for curing at the temperature of 121 ℃ and the pressure of 0.15MPa for 55 min;
3) after the mixture in the step 2) is cooled, spraying 0.25 parts by weight of complex enzyme to the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix; wherein the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight ratio of 3:3:5: 5;
4) adding water into a composite fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae for propagation, wherein the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the water is 0.7: 330, obtaining zymocyte liquid;
5) spraying the zymophyte liquid obtained in the step 4) on the mixture obtained in the step 3), wherein the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material is 330: 1000, stirring while spraying to uniformly mix;
6) pouring the mixture obtained in the step 5) into a fermentation tank, stacking the mixture to be 20 cm high, covering the mixture with a film, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 10 hours;
7) and (3) piling the fermentation material obtained in the step 6) to a height of 70cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank, turning the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation material, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.2 and the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%, wherein the time is about 100 hours.
Example 3
The sea cucumber biological fermentation feed is prepared by the following method:
1) respectively crushing 40 parts of corn, 35 parts of bean pulp and 10 parts of wheat bran according to the parts by weight, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve;
2) adding 10 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of stone powder and 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate together with the mixture in the step 1) into a mixer according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and then putting into an autoclave for curing at the curing temperature of 121 ℃ for 60min under 0.15 MPa;
3) after the mixture in the step 2) is cooled, spraying 0.15 parts by weight of complex enzyme to the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix; wherein the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight ratio of 3:8:1: 5;
4) adding water into a composite fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae for propagation, wherein the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the water is 1.0: 450, obtaining zymogen liquid;
5) spraying the zymophyte liquid obtained in the step 4) on the mixture obtained in the step 3), wherein the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material is 450: 1000, stirring while spraying to uniformly mix;
6) pouring the mixture obtained in the step 5) into a fermentation tank, stacking the mixture to a height of 30cm, covering the mixture with a film, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 14 hours;
7) and (3) piling the fermentation material obtained in the step 6) to a height of 80cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank, turning the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation material, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.7, the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%, and the time is about 120 hours.
The products of the examples are tested in a sea cucumber farm, four sea cucumber culture ponds with 15 cubic meters and similar conditions are randomly selected, the experimental groups are respectively fed with the traditional feed added with 15 wt% of the fermented feed of the invention in the example 1, 20 wt% of the example 2 and 25 wt% of the example 3, the control group is fed with the traditional feed, the feeding times, the feeding amount and the feeding time of the two groups are the same, and the growth condition and the water quality condition of the sea cucumbers are shown in the tables 1, 2 and 3.
TABLE 1 survival rate, daily gain and putrid skin disease prevention of sea cucumber
TABLE 2 survival rate and average daily gain of diseased sea cucumber
TABLE 3 Water quality conditions
The tests show that the product can obviously improve the digestion and utilization rate of the sea cucumber on the feed and improve the daily gain of the sea cucumber; the occurrence of the sea cucumber skin rot can be effectively prevented in the non-diseased area, and the morbidity and the detection rate of the sea cucumber skin rot are obviously reduced; the skin rot disease of the sea cucumbers can be effectively treated in a diseased area, and the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the sea cucumbers are improved; in addition, the product of the invention can purify water, inhibit bacterial infection of sea cucumber, reduce production cost and improve culture benefit.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The biological fermentation feed for the sea cucumbers is characterized by comprising a fermentation base material and a zymophyte liquid, wherein the fermentation base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35-40 parts of corn, namely,
25-35 parts of soybean meal,
10-25 parts of fish meal,
8-10 parts of wheat bran,
8-12 parts of stone powder,
2-4 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate,
0.15-0.25 part of complex enzyme;
the zymocyte liquid is formed by expanding and propagating composite zymocyte including bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae;
the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the fermentation base material is 0.5-1.0: 1000.
2. the biological fermented feed for sea cucumbers according to claim 1, wherein the biological fermented feed comprises the following components: the compound enzyme is composed of trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight-volume ratio of 3-8:3-8:1-5: 1-5.
3. The method for preparing the biological fermented feed for sea cucumbers as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the biological fermented feed for sea cucumbers comprises the following steps: the sea cucumber biological fermentation feed is prepared by crushing, curing and carrying out enzymolysis on a fermentation base material, then uniformly mixing the fermentation base material with a zymophyte liquid, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation, aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately until the pH value is 4.2-4.7.
4. The preparation method of the biological fermented feed for sea cucumbers according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: respectively pulverizing semen Maydis, testa Tritici, and soybean meal, sieving with 15-25 mesh sieve, mixing fish powder, stone powder, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, adding into mixer, and mixing;
step 2: curing the mixture obtained in the step (1), cooling, spraying the compound enzyme on the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the mixture to obtain a fermented material;
and step 3: weighing the composite zymocyte according to the weight ratio, adding water for propagation to obtain zymocyte liquid, spraying the zymocyte liquid on the mixture obtained in the step (2), and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the zymocyte liquid;
and 4, step 4: and (3) pouring the fermentation material obtained in the step (3) into a fermentation tank, and controlling the conditions to ensure that the fermentation material is subjected to anaerobic fermentation firstly and then is subjected to aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately for 100-fold and 120-fold hours to obtain a finished product.
5. The preparation method of the sea cucumber biological fermentation feed as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: the curing in the step 2 is to put the mixture into an autoclave for curing for 50-60min at the temperature of 121 ℃ and under 0.15 MPa.
6. The preparation method of the sea cucumber biological fermentation feed as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: the expanding propagation in the step 3 is that the composite zymophyte and water are mixed according to the weight ratio (0.5-1.0): (250-450) mixing; the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material during spraying is (250- & lt 450-): 1000.
7. the preparation method of the biological fermented feed for sea cucumbers according to claim 4, wherein the fermentation in the step 4 is realized by the following method:
piling the fermentation material in the fermentation tank to a height of 15-30cm, covering a film, and standing for 10-14 hours;
and stacking the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank to a height of 70-80cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank, turning over the fermentation materials when the temperature of the fermentation materials is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation materials, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.2-4.7 and the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%.
8. The preparation method of the biological fermented feed for sea cucumbers according to claim 4 or 7, wherein the biological fermented feed comprises the following steps: the fermentation tank is arranged in a ventilated closed chamber and is formed by separating a partition wall between two opposite walls of the closed chamber.
9. The use of a biologically fermented feed for sea cucumber according to claim 1 or 2 in the sea cucumber aquaculture industry.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that: the application is that the fermented feed is added into the common feed for the sea cucumber, and the addition amount is 15-25% of the weight of the common feed for the sea cucumber.
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| CN110050902A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-07-26 | 南京宝辉生物饲料有限公司 | A kind of environmental emission reduction type laying hen biological fermentation feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106509338A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-22 | 南京宝辉生物饲料有限公司 | Biological fermentation feed |
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Application publication date: 20201225 |