CN112075553A - Health-preserving fermented feed for palaemon carinicauda and swimming crabs as well as preparation method and application of health-preserving fermented feed - Google Patents
Health-preserving fermented feed for palaemon carinicauda and swimming crabs as well as preparation method and application of health-preserving fermented feed Download PDFInfo
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- MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of biological feed, and particularly provides a palaemon carinicauda and swimming crab set health preserving material fermented feed and a preparation method and application thereof. The fermented feed comprises a fermented base material and a zymophyte liquid, wherein the fermented base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-40 parts of corn, 25-35 parts of soybean meal, 8-12 parts of fish meal, 8-10 parts of wheat bran, 8-15 parts of spirulina, 10-15 parts of rice bran, 2-3 parts of fish oil, 2-6 parts of cuttlefish paste, 3-6 parts of shrimp shell powder, 8-12 parts of stone powder, 2-4 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 0.15-0.25 part of complex enzyme; the zymophyte liquid is formed by propagating a composite zymophyte strain comprising bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae; the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the fermentation base material is 0.5-1.0: 1000. the invention can optimize water quality, prevent germ infection, reduce the use frequency of disinfector and water regulation and bottom modification; can meet the nutritional requirements of the shrimps and the crabs simultaneously, and reduce the production cost; reducing the incidence of diseases, improving the survival rate and increasing the culture benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biological feed, and particularly provides a palaemon carinicauda and swimming crab set health preserving material fermented feed and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The swimming crabs and the palaemon carinicauda are rich in nutrition and are important economic aquaculture animals. The cost of separately culturing the swimming crabs and the palaemon carinicauda is higher, so that the swimming crabs and the palaemon carinicauda are cultured in a mode of culturing the swimming crabs and the palaemon carinicauda in a combined mode at present. The complete culture needs to feed the baits of the shrimps and the crabs respectively to provide sufficient nutrition for the shrimps and the crabs respectively. But feeding separately results in increased labor costs. In the feeding process, the icefish is generally used for providing sufficient animal protein for the portunids, and the icefish is easy to breed foreign bacteria and pollute water quality, so that the crayfish and the portunids cannot shell, and the culture benefit is seriously influenced. In addition, most of the nutritional ingredients of the current intercropping baits are macromolecules, and the digestion, absorption and utilization efficiency of animals is low; the existing biological feed is easy to be polluted by mixed bacteria. Therefore, the feed for the mixed culture of the swimming crabs and the palaemon carinicauda, which can optimize the water quality and improve the yield, needs to be developed urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a health preserving fermented feed for palaemon carinicauda and swimming crabs, and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the health-preserving fermented feed for the exopalaemon carinicauda and the swimming crabs comprises a fermented base material and a zymophyte liquid, wherein the fermented base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35-40 parts of corn, namely,
25-35 parts of soybean meal,
8 to 12 parts of fish meal,
8-10 parts of wheat bran,
8-15 parts of spirulina, namely spirulina,
10-15 parts of rice bran,
2-3 parts of fish oil, namely,
2-6 parts of cuttlefish paste,
3-6 parts of shrimp shell powder,
8-12 parts of stone powder,
2-4 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate,
0.15-0.25 part of complex enzyme;
the zymocyte liquid is formed by expanding and propagating composite zymocyte including bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae;
the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the fermentation base material is 0.5-1.0: 1000.
preferably, the complex enzyme consists of trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight-volume ratio of 3-8:3-8:1-5: 1-5.
Preferably, the zymogen in the zymogen liquid further comprises streptococcus thermophilus.
The method for preparing the palaemon carinicauda and swimming crab sleeve health preserving material fermented feed comprises the steps of crushing, curing and carrying out enzymolysis on a fermentation base material, then uniformly mixing the crushed, cured and enzymolyzed palaemon carinicauda and swimming crab sleeve health preserving material fermented feed with a zymophyte liquid, carrying out anaerobic fermentation, and then alternately carrying out aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation until the pH value is 4.2-4.7.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: respectively pulverizing semen Maydis, testa Tritici, soybean meal, Spirulina and testa oryzae, sieving with 80-100 mesh sieve, mixing fish powder, fish oil, cuttlefish paste, shrimp shell powder, stone powder and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, adding into mixer, and mixing;
step 2: curing the mixture obtained in the step (1), cooling, spraying the compound enzyme on the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the mixture to obtain a fermented material;
and step 3: weighing the composite zymocyte according to the weight ratio, adding water for propagation to obtain zymocyte liquid, spraying the zymocyte liquid on the mixture obtained in the step (2), and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the zymocyte liquid;
and 4, step 4: and (3) pouring the fermentation material obtained in the step (3) into a fermentation tank, and controlling the conditions to ensure that the fermentation material is subjected to anaerobic fermentation firstly and then is subjected to aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately for 100-fold and 120-fold hours to obtain a finished product.
Preferably, the aging in step 2 is to put the mixture into an autoclave, and aging at 121 deg.C under 0.15MPa for 50-60 min.
Preferably, the propagation in step 3 is to mix the composite zymophyte with water in a weight ratio (0.5-1.0): (250-450) mixing; the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material during spraying is (250- & lt 450-): 1000.
preferably, the fermentation of step 4 is achieved by:
piling the fermentation material in the fermentation tank to a height of 15-30cm, covering a film, and standing for 10-14 hours;
and stacking the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank to a height of 70-80cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank, turning over the fermentation materials when the temperature of the fermentation materials is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation materials, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.2-4.7 and the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%.
Preferably, the fermentation tank is arranged in a ventilated closed chamber and is formed by separating a partition wall between two opposite walls of the closed chamber.
The invention also protects the application of the health-preserving fermented feed of the palaemon carinicauda and the swimming crab in the aquaculture industry.
Preferably, the application is that the fermented feed is added into common feed for palaemon carinicauda and swimming crabs, and the addition amount is 10-30% of the weight of the common feed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can optimize water quality, prevent bacterial infection of palaemon carinicauda and portunus trituberculatus, reduce the use frequency of the disinfectant and water adjusting and bottom changing, and further save labor cost;
2. the invention can simultaneously meet the nutritional requirements of the palaemon carinicauda and the portunus trituberculatus, and reduce the production cost;
3. the invention can reduce the incidence of enteritis and shelling failure of palaemon carinicauda and portunus trituberculatus, improve the survival rate and increase the culture benefit;
4. the compound bacterial preparation is prepared by crushing raw materials, pasting and carrying out enzymolysis, inoculating compound strains and fermenting multiple substrates, is rich in various easily digested and absorbed nutrient substances such as small peptides, amino acids and the like, has the acid soluble protein content of more than 20 percent, and can further improve the yield and disease resistance of the palaemon carinicauda and the portunus trituberculatus;
5. the gelatinization process of the invention can not only prepare for subsequent fermentation, but also inactivate the mixed bacteria in the raw materials and prevent the pollution of the mixed bacteria; serum lysozyme is added in the enzymolysis process, and lactobacillus acidophilus is selected to continuously acidify the substrate in the fermentation process, so that the mixed bacteria can be effectively inhibited.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of the health preserving fermented feed for palaemon carinicauda and swimming crabs.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting thereof.
Example 1
The health-preserving feed for palaemon carinicauda and swimming crabs is prepared by the following method:
1) respectively crushing 38 parts of corn, 30 parts of bean pulp, 10 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of spirulina and 15 parts of rice bran according to parts by weight, and sieving by a sieve of 80 meshes;
2) adding 12 parts by weight of fish meal, 3 parts by weight of fish oil, 6 parts by weight of cuttlefish paste, 6 parts by weight of shrimp shell powder, 12 parts by weight of stone powder and 4 parts by weight of monocalcium phosphate into a mixer together with the mixture in the step 1), uniformly mixing, and then putting into an autoclave for curing at the curing temperature of 121 ℃ for 50min under the pressure of 0.15 MPa;
3) after the mixture in the step 2) is cooled, spraying 0.25 parts by weight of complex enzyme to the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix; wherein the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight ratio of 5:5:3: 2;
4) adding water into a composite fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae for propagation, wherein the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the water is 0.5: 250, obtaining zymocyte liquid;
5) spraying the zymophyte liquid obtained in the step 4) on the mixture obtained in the step 3), wherein the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material is 250: 1000, stirring while spraying to uniformly mix;
6) pouring the mixture obtained in the step 5) into a fermentation tank, stacking the mixture to a height of 15 cm, covering the mixture with a film, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 12 hours;
7) and (3) piling the fermentation material obtained in the step 6) to a height of 75cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank, turning the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation material, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.5 and the acid soluble protein content is more than or equal to 20%, wherein the time is about 110 hours.
Example 2
The health-preserving feed for palaemon carinicauda and swimming crabs is prepared by the following method:
1) respectively crushing 35 parts of corn, 25 parts of bean pulp, 8 parts of wheat bran, 8 parts of spirulina and 10 parts of rice bran according to parts by weight, and sieving by a 90-mesh sieve;
2) adding 8 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of fish oil, 2 parts of cuttlefish paste, 3 parts of shrimp shell powder, 8 parts of stone powder and 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate together with the mixture in the step 1) into a mixer according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and then putting into an autoclave for curing at the curing temperature of 121 ℃ for 55min under 0.15 MPa;
3) after the mixture in the step 2) is cooled, spraying 0.15 parts by weight of complex enzyme to the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix; wherein the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight ratio of 3:3:5: 5;
4) adding water into a composite fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae for propagation, wherein the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the water is 0.7: 330, obtaining zymocyte liquid;
5) spraying the zymophyte liquid obtained in the step 4) on the mixture obtained in the step 3), wherein the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material is 330: 1000, stirring while spraying to uniformly mix;
6) pouring the mixture obtained in the step 5) into a fermentation tank, stacking the mixture to be 20 cm high, covering the mixture with a film, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 10 hours;
7) and (3) piling the fermentation material obtained in the step 6) to a height of 70cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank, turning the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation material, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.2 and the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%, wherein the time is about 100 hours.
Example 3
The health-preserving feed for palaemon carinicauda and swimming crabs is prepared by the following method:
1) respectively crushing 40 parts of corn, 35 parts of soybean meal, 9 parts of wheat bran, 15 parts of spirulina and 12 parts of rice bran according to parts by weight, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve;
2) adding 10 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of fish oil, 4 parts of cuttlefish paste, 5 parts of shrimp shell powder, 10 parts of stone powder and 3 parts of monocalcium phosphate into a mixer according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, and then putting into an autoclave for curing at the curing temperature of 121 ℃ for 60min under the pressure of 0.15 MPa;
3) after the mixture in the step 2) is cooled, spraying 0.20 parts by weight of complex enzyme to the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix; wherein the complex enzyme is prepared by mixing trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight ratio of 3:8:1: 5;
4) adding water into a composite fermentation strain consisting of bacillus licheniformis, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae for propagation expansion, wherein the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the water is 1.0:450, so as to obtain a zymocyte solution;
5) spraying the zymophyte liquid obtained in the step 4) on the mixture obtained in the step 3), wherein the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material is 450:1000, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix;
6) pouring the mixture obtained in the step 5) into a fermentation tank, stacking the mixture to a height of 30cm, covering the mixture with a film, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 14 hours;
7) and (3) piling the fermentation material obtained in the step 6) to a height of 80cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material in the fermentation tank, turning the fermentation material when the temperature of the fermentation material is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation material, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.7, the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%, and the time is about 120 hours.
The product of the embodiment is tested in a mixed culture pond of portunid and palaemon carinicauda, four mixed culture ponds with similar conditions are selected, an experimental group is respectively fed with 10 wt% of the biological fermentation feed of the embodiment 1, 20 wt% of the embodiment 2 and 30 wt% of the embodiment 3 on the basis of feeding normal baits, and a control group is fed with normal baits and is continuously fed for three months. The results are given in the following table:
the results show that: the experimental group can effectively optimize the water quality, the problems of enteritis and shelling failure of palaemon carinicauda and portunus trituberculatus are obviously reduced, the frequency of spraying the disinfectant and adjusting water to improve the bottom of the experimental group is obviously lower than that of a control group, and the labor cost is effectively saved.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The health-preserving fermented feed for the exopalaemon carinicauda and the swimming crabs is characterized by comprising a fermented base material and a zymophyte liquid, wherein the fermented base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35-40 parts of corn, namely,
25-35 parts of soybean meal,
8 to 12 parts of fish meal,
8-10 parts of wheat bran,
8-15 parts of spirulina, namely spirulina,
10-15 parts of rice bran,
2-3 parts of fish oil, namely,
2-6 parts of cuttlefish paste,
3-6 parts of shrimp shell powder,
8-12 parts of stone powder,
2-4 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate,
0.15-0.25 part of complex enzyme;
the zymocyte liquid is formed by expanding and propagating composite zymocyte including bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium, pediococcus pentosaceus, candida utilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae;
the weight ratio of the composite fermentation strain to the fermentation base material is 0.5-1.0: 1000.
2. the health preserving fermented feed for palaemon carinicauda and swimming crabs as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the compound enzyme is composed of trypsin, amylase, lipase and serum lysozyme according to the weight-volume ratio of 3-8:3-8:1-5: 1-5.
3. The method for preparing the shrimp and portunus trituberculatus health preserving material fermented feed of claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the health-preserving fermented feed for the exopalaemon carinicauda and the swimming crabs is prepared by crushing, curing and carrying out enzymolysis on a fermentation base material, then uniformly mixing the fermentation base material with a zymophyte liquid, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation, aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately until the pH value is 4.2-4.7.
4. The preparation method of the complete health fermented feed of palaemon carinicauda and swimming crab according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: respectively pulverizing semen Maydis, testa Tritici, soybean meal, Spirulina and testa oryzae, sieving with 80-100 mesh sieve, mixing fish powder, fish oil, cuttlefish paste, shrimp shell powder, stone powder and calcium dihydrogen phosphate, adding into mixer, and mixing;
step 2: curing the mixture obtained in the step (1), cooling, spraying the compound enzyme on the mixture, and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the mixture to obtain a fermented material;
and step 3: weighing the composite zymocyte according to the weight ratio, adding water for propagation to obtain zymocyte liquid, spraying the zymocyte liquid on the mixture obtained in the step (2), and stirring while spraying to uniformly mix the zymocyte liquid;
and 4, step 4: and (3) pouring the fermentation material obtained in the step (3) into a fermentation tank, and controlling the conditions to ensure that the fermentation material is subjected to anaerobic fermentation firstly and then is subjected to aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation alternately for 100-fold and 120-fold hours to obtain a finished product.
5. The preparation method of the health preserving fermented feed for palaemon carinicauda and swimming crabs according to claim 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the curing in the step 2 is to put the mixture into an autoclave for curing for 50-60min at the temperature of 121 ℃ and under 0.15 MPa.
6. The preparation method of the health preserving fermented feed for palaemon carinicauda and swimming crabs according to claim 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the expanding propagation in the step 3 is that the composite zymophyte and water are mixed according to the weight ratio (0.5-1.0): (250-450) mixing; the weight ratio of the zymophyte liquid to the fermentation base material during spraying is (250- & lt 450-): 1000.
7. the preparation method of the palaemon carinicauda and swimming crab sleeve health preserving fermented feed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fermentation in the step 4 is realized by the following method:
piling the fermentation material in the fermentation tank to a height of 15-30cm, covering a film, and standing for 10-14 hours;
and stacking the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank to a height of 70-80cm, standing, monitoring the temperature of the fermentation materials in the fermentation tank, turning over the fermentation materials when the temperature of the fermentation materials is higher than 47 ℃, cooling and ventilating the fermentation materials, standing again, and continuing the operation until the pH value is 4.2-4.7 and the content of the acid soluble protein is more than or equal to 20%.
8. The preparation method of the complete health fermented feed of palaemon carinicauda and swimming crab according to claim 4 or 7, characterized by comprising the following steps: the fermentation tank is arranged in a ventilated closed chamber and is formed by separating a partition wall between two opposite walls of the closed chamber.
9. The use of a palaemon carinicauda and swimming crab sleeve health fermented feed as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in aquaculture.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that: the application is that the fermented feed is added into common feed for exopalaemon carinicauda and portunus trituberculatus, and the addition amount is 10-30% of the weight of the common feed.
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Application publication date: 20201215 |