CN115176766A - Method for feeding hermetia illucens larvae by using food waste and application - Google Patents
Method for feeding hermetia illucens larvae by using food waste and application Download PDFInfo
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- 241000709785 Hermetia illucens Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- YPJJABHAGGFGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;n,n-dimethylacetamide;chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-].CN(C)C(C)=O YPJJABHAGGFGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 8
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 8
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036983 biotransformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2,4$l^{2}-dioxathiaplumbetane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KEQXNNJHMWSZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 108700042778 Antimicrobial Peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000044503 Antimicrobial Peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001481656 Stratiomyidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255632 Tabanus atratus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000024245 cell differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004626 essential fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000021332 multicellular organism growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003910 polypeptide antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000019617 pupation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for feeding hermetia illucens larvae by using food waste and an application thereof, wherein the method for feeding hermetia illucens larvae by using the food waste comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly incubating hermetia illucens eggs to obtain hermetia illucens larvae, chopping the food waste, heating and stirring, and mixing the food waste with mineral gel to feed the hermetia illucens larvae. And is applied to the treatment of food waste and the production of black soldier fly protein feed. Compared with the prior art, the method for feeding the black soldier fly larvae by using the waste meal has better biocompatibility, enhances the oxidation resistance and the immunocompetence, promotes the growth of the black soldier fly body shape, improves the survival rate, can reduce the pollution of the waste meal, changes waste into valuable, converts the waste meal into the high-efficiency fertilizer and the high-protein feed, and has considerable economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of insect breeding, in particular to a method for breeding hermetia illucens larvae by using food waste and application.
Background
The hermetia illucens (also called Hermertia illucens) is an insect of hermetia illucens in the family of Heretiidae of the order Diptera, mainly comprises four growth periods, namely an egg period, a larva period, a pupate period and an adult period, the whole growth period lasts about 35 days, eggs of the hermetia illucens are oblong, white in the early period and clean in appearance, the color of the hermetia illucens deepens along with time change in the later period, the hermetia illucens are formed in an egg block mode, the egg incubation temperature is generally kept for 4-14 days under the influence of seasons, temperature, humidity and the like, the temperature suitable for incubation is 25-33 ℃, and the humidity is 60-80%. The larva period of the black soldier fly is divided into six different instar periods according to molting times, the first instar larva is milk white, the length of the first instar larva is about 1.7mm, the black soldier fly hardly eats, a large amount of 2-5 instar larvae begin to eat, when the black soldier fly reaches the prepupa period (the six instar period), larva bodies of the black soldier fly are brownish black, the average width of the black soldier fly can reach 18mm, the black soldier fly does not eat any more, and warm and dry gaps can be searched for pupation. The content of protein in the black soldier fly larvae can reach 47.3%, the content of fat can reach 32.6%, wherein the ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid is 3:2, the essential fatty acid accounts for 17 percent of the total fatty acid, and the feed contains rich amino acid, vitamin and cholesterol, the protein and the amino acid of the feed can be used as substitutes of fish meal to produce aquaculture feed with nutritional value, the grease can also be used for producing biodiesel with good performance, and the antimicrobial peptide and the chitin extracted from the black soldier fly body also have high medicinal value.
The black soldier flies eat organic wastes in a large quantity, and the recipes are wide. By utilizing the characteristic, the hermetia illucens can be used for reducing and recycling organic solid wastes. However, the application of hermetia illucens in the prior art mainly has the following problems, such as growth temperature and breeding density, and nutrient components of organic wastes, which all have great influence on the growth of hermetia illucens. The black soldier fly has low survival rate, low conversion rate of nutrient substances and slow growth.
The invention patent CN109757440A discloses a method for feeding hermetia illucens larvae by using food waste. The method directly mixes the food waste obtained by front-end classification by non-technical means with auxiliary materials according to a certain proportion to form a feed containing 64.5-68% of water to feed black soldier fly larvae, and the auxiliary materials are wheat bran which is a plant fiber auxiliary material. Compared with the method for crushing the food waste before feeding, the method has the advantages that the humidity of undegraded residual materials is low, the weight of the undegraded residual materials is only 2-6% of the feeding amount, and the crushing is more convenient and easier; the utilization rate of the hermetia illucens eggs is at least improved by 32-56.5% compared with the prior art; the weight of the hermetia illucens larvae obtained from each ton of the food waste is at least increased by 24-118% compared with the prior art, and the food waste can be effectively reduced. However, the breeding method provided by the invention still has the advantages that the survival rate of the hermetia illucens is low, the wave rate of nutrient substances is high, and the growth of the hermetia illucens is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of low survival rate of hermetia illucens, low conversion rate of nutrient substances and slow growth of the hermetia illucens in the method for feeding the hermetia illucens larvae by using the food waste in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for feeding the hermetia illucens larvae by using the food waste, which has high survival rate and high conversion rate and fast growth speed, and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for feeding hermetia illucens larvae by using food waste comprises the following steps:
step 1, uniformly stirring the culture solution, adding hermetia illucens eggs, incubating for 4-6 d at 25-30 ℃, and separating hermetia illucens larvae to obtain hermetia illucens larvae;
step 2, chopping the food waste into particles with the particle size of less than 1-5 mm, adding water, adjusting the pH value to 7-9 by using a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and hydrochloric acid, purifying by using nitrogen, removing oxygen, sealing, and placing in a shaking box for heating and stirring to obtain a food waste mixed material;
step 3, putting the mixed material of the leftover garbage prepared in the step 2 and mineral gel into a feeding box, adding water into the feeding box, uniformly stirring, and then adding the black soldier fly larvae cultured in the step 1; and finally, covering the feeding box with sterile gauze, and culturing in an incubator at 25-30 ℃ until the first hermetia illucens larva becomes hermetia illucens prepupa, and stopping culturing to obtain hermetia illucens.
A method for feeding hermetia illucens larvae by using food waste comprises the following steps of:
step 1, stirring 15-20 parts of culture solution uniformly, adding 0.0005-0.002 part of hermetia illucens eggs, incubating at 25-30 ℃ for 4-6 days, and separating hermetia illucens larvae to obtain hermetia illucens larvae;
step 2, cutting 2-5 parts of the waste after meal into particles with the particle size smaller than 1-5 mm, then adding 5-10 parts of water, adjusting the pH value to 7-9 by using 1-3 mmol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 1-3 mmol/L hydrochloric acid, purifying for 4-10 min by using nitrogen, removing oxygen, sealing, placing in a shaking box, heating and stirring at the heating temperature of 35-40 ℃, the stirring speed of 100-200 rpm and the stirring time of 1-3 h to obtain a waste after meal mixed material;
step 3, putting the mixed material of the food wastes prepared in the step 2 and 3-8 parts of mineral gel into a feeding box, adding 8-20 parts of water into the feeding box, uniformly stirring, and then adding the black soldier fly larvae cultured in the step 1; and finally, covering the feeding box with sterile gauze, and culturing in an incubator at 25-30 ℃ until the first hermetia illucens larva becomes hermetia illucens prepupa, and stopping culturing to obtain hermetia illucens.
Preferably, the culture solution is wheat bran, bean dregs and water according to a weight ratio of 1.5-1.5: 5 to 10 are mixed.
Preferably, the volume of the feeding box is 46-80L, and 60-150 black soldier fly larvae are placed in each feeding box.
Preferably, the preparation method of the mineral gel is as follows:
s1, adding fibers into N, N-dimethylacetamide, heating at 150-170 ℃ for 20-40 min, adding 6-10 wt% of a lithium chloride N, N-dimethylacetamide solution, stirring at 100-130 ℃ for 3-6 h at a stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a flocculation-free solution, and storing the flocculation-free solution at room temperature for 4-6 d to obtain a cellulose solution;
s2, adding the cellulose solution prepared in the step S1 into N, N-dimethylformamide, magnetically stirring for 20-40 min at the magnetic stirring speed of 300-500 rpm, and adding water to obtain a uniform electrostatic spinning solution;
s3, injecting the electrostatic spinning solution prepared in the step S2 into a 15-20 mL injector, performing electrostatic spinning, selecting water-stained transparent glass as a receiving plate, spinning for 2-5 h, washing the fiber membrane for 2-3 times by using water, and performing freeze drying to obtain an electrospun fiber membrane;
s4, adding sodium alginate and gelatin powder into water, stirring for 20-40 min at the stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adding 0.5-2 wt% of disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, stirring for reacting for 2-5 h at the stirring speed of 50-200 rpm, adjusting the pH of the solution to 7-8 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 1-5 wt% of calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mold, adding the electrospun fiber membrane prepared in the step S3, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
More preferably, the preparation method of the mineral gel is as follows, and the parts are all parts by weight:
s1, adding 1-3 parts of cotton fiber into 20-40 parts of N, N-dimethylacetamide, heating at 150-170 ℃ for 20-40 min, adding 15-30 parts of 6-10 wt% lithium chloride N, N-dimethylacetamide solution, stirring at 100-130 ℃ for 3-6 h at the stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a flocculation-free solution, and storing the flocculation-free solution at room temperature for 4-6 d to obtain a cellulose solution;
s2, adding 15-30 parts of N, N-dimethylformamide into the cellulose solution prepared in the step S1, magnetically stirring for 20-40 min at the magnetic stirring speed of 300-500 rpm, and adding 15-30 parts of water to obtain a uniform electrostatic spinning solution;
s3, injecting the electrostatic spinning solution prepared in the step S2 into a 15-20 mL injector, performing electrostatic spinning, selecting water-treated transparent glass as a receiving plate, spinning for 2-5 h, washing the fiber membrane for 2-3 times by using water, and performing freeze drying to obtain an electrospun fiber membrane;
s4, adding 3-5 parts of sodium alginate and 1-3 parts of gelatin powder into 8-12 parts of water, stirring for 20-40 min at the stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adding 1-5 parts of 0.5-2 wt% of disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, stirring for reacting for 2-5 h at the stirring speed of 50-200 rpm, adjusting the pH of the solution to 7-8 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 5-10 parts of 1-5 wt% of calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mold, adding the electrospun fiber membrane prepared in the step S3, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
Preferably, the electrostatic spinning parameters are that the voltage of the electrostatic spinning machine is 15-20 kv, and the flow rate is 0.02-0.1 mL/min.
Preferably, the buffer solution is prepared by dissolving 50-70 parts by weight of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane with 350-500 parts by weight of water, adjusting the pH to 7-8 with 33-37 wt% hydrochloric acid or 2-6 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and finally adding water to the total weight of 900-1200 parts.
The invention also discloses application of the hermetia illucens larvae bred by using the food waste in food waste treatment.
The invention further discloses application of the method for feeding the hermetia illucens larvae by using the food waste, and the application of the method is application in the production of the hermetia illucens protein feed.
The cellulose electrostatic spinning membrane prepared by the invention is tightly crosslinked with the interior of the hydrogel, and the strength and the modulus of the hydrogel can be improved. Adding disodium hydrogen phosphate into hydrogel solution, reacting with gelatin, and reacting with Ca 2+ After crosslinking, apatite is formed inside the hydrogel. The apatite is dispersed in the internal network structure of the hydrogel to form stress nodes, so that the tensile property of the hydrogel network is increased, the pH value of the mineral gel is reduced, and good biodegradability is endowed. The apatite grows in the gel, improves biocompatibility, can effectively promote the growth of the hermetia illucens, has the guiding function of the growth and differentiation of cells, and is beneficial to the regeneration of the cells. The degradation effect and the biotransformation effect of the food waste are directly enhanced, and the weight growth rate of the growth of the hermetia illucens is improved.
The cross section of the produced mineral gel presents a relatively regular porous structure. The electrospun cellulose fibers are fully adhered in the hydrogel, a new layer of network structure is formed in the hydrogel, and the structure has good biocompatibility, so that the black soldier fly has better adhesion and growth capacity on the surface of the composite material. After the black soldier fly eats, only a small part of the black soldier fly is remained in the body of the black soldier fly, more black soldier fly is used for maintaining the basic metabolic activity of the larva and is decomposed and utilized by microorganisms, and under a network structure formed by mineral gel, because the metabolic activity of the black soldier fly is reduced, the energy obtained after eating is used for growth and development, so the insect yield is improved.
The mineral gel has a network structure containing Ca 2+ The pH value of the growing environment of the hermetia illucens can be adaptively adjusted, and the mineralized hydrogel has good degradation performance under dry and wet conditions. The cellulose electrostatic spinning membrane has no obvious cytotoxicity to the growth of the hermetia illucens in the hydrogel matrix, the network structure is favorable for improving the absorption of the hermetia illucens larvae on nutrient substances in the food waste, the oxidation resistance and the immunocompetence are enhanced, and the improvement of the immunocompetence is favorable for improving the capacity of the hermetia illucens to adapt to the external environment and improving the survival rate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The invention adds disodium hydrogen phosphate into hydrogel solution, reacts with gelatin, and then reacts with Ca 2+ After crosslinking, apatite is generated in the hydrogel, and the prepared cellulose electrostatic spinning membrane is further tightly crosslinked with the inside of the hydrogel to obtain mineral gel. The black soldier fly is cultured by mixing with the waste meal, so that the compatibility is better, the oxidation resistance and the immunocompetence are enhanced, the growth of the body type of the black soldier fly is promoted, and the survival rate is improved;
2) According to the method, the hermetia illucens is cultured by adopting a scientific proportioning and culturing method, so that the pollution of the food waste can be reduced, the waste is changed into valuable, the food waste is converted into the efficient fertilizer and the high-protein feed, and considerable economic benefits are achieved.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail by specific examples, but these examples should be explicitly proposed for illustration, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The parameters of part of the raw materials in the embodiment of the invention are as follows:
hermetia illucens eggs, jiangsu An You Biotech ltd.
Food waste, water content: 71.48%, crude protein: 31.34%, crude fat: 21.41%, crude fiber: 7.21%, coarse ash: 8.34%, carbohydrate: 28.69 percent, taking dry basis as a standard for other indexes except the water content, and taking the index from a campus canteen of university of agriculture in China.
Cotton fiber, goods number: 005, fiber length: 30mm, micronaire value: grade A, xinjiang Delfeng Cotton Co., ltd.
Gelatin powder, goods number: 019, grade: food grade, effective substance content: 99%, CAS:9007-34-5, shenzhen constant Biotech, inc.
Example 1
A method for feeding hermetia illucens larvae by using food waste comprises the following steps:
step 1, filling 2kg of wheat bran, 2kg of bean dregs and 14kg of water into a plastic container, uniformly stirring, then adding 1g of hermetia illucens eggs into the plastic container, incubating for 5 days at 28 ℃, and separating hermetia illucens larvae from the plastic container by using a sieve to obtain hermetia illucens larvae;
step 2, cutting 3kg of the waste after meal into particles smaller than 2mm, then adding 7kg of water, adjusting the pH to 7.5 by using 2mmol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 2mmol/L hydrochloric acid, purifying for 5min by using nitrogen, removing oxygen, sealing, placing in a shaking box, heating and stirring at 37 ℃, stirring at 120rpm for 2h to obtain a waste after meal mixed material;
step 3, putting the mixed material of the food wastes prepared in the step 2 and 5kg of mineral gel into a 50L feeding box, adding 10kg of water into the feeding box, uniformly stirring, and then adding 100 hermetia illucens larvae cultured in the step 1; and finally, covering the feeding box with sterile gauze, and culturing in an incubator at 28 ℃ until the first hermetia illucens larva becomes hermetia illucens prepupa, and stopping culturing to obtain hermetia illucens.
The preparation method of the mineral gel comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly adding 2kg of cotton fibers into 30kg of N, N-dimethylacetamide, heating at 160 ℃ for 30min, then adding 20kg of N, N-dimethylacetamide solution containing 8.5wt% of lithium chloride, stirring at 120 ℃ for 5h at the stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a flocculation-free solution, and then storing the flocculation-free solution at room temperature for 5d to obtain a cellulose solution;
s2, adding the cellulose solution prepared in the step S1 into 20kg of N, N-dimethylformamide, magnetically stirring for 30min at the magnetic stirring speed of 400rpm, and adding 20kg of water to obtain a uniform electrostatic spinning solution;
s3, injecting the electrostatic spinning solution prepared in the step S2 into a 15mL injector, adjusting the voltage of an electrostatic spinning machine to 18kv and the flow rate to 0.05mL/min, selecting water-stained transparent glass as a receiving plate, spinning for 4h, finally washing the fiber membrane for 3 times with water, freeze-drying,
obtaining an electrospun fiber membrane;
and S4, adding 4kg of sodium alginate and 2kg of gelatin powder into 10kg of water, stirring for 30min at a stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adding 3kg of 1wt% disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, stirring for reacting for 3h at a stirring speed of 100rpm, adjusting the pH of the solution to 7 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 8kg of 3wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mold, adding the electrospun fiber membrane prepared in the step S3, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
The buffer solution is prepared by dissolving 60g of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane with 400g of water, adjusting the pH to 7.6 with 35wt% hydrochloric acid or 5wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and finally adding water to a total weight of 1000 g.
Example 2
A method for breeding black soldier fly larvae with waste meal is substantially the same as that of example 1, with the only difference that: the preparation method of the mineral gel is different.
The mineral gel is prepared by the following method:
adding 4kg of sodium alginate and 2kg of gelatin powder into 10kg of water, stirring for 30min at the stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adding 3kg of a 1wt% disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, stirring for reacting for 3h at the stirring speed of 100rpm, adjusting the pH of the solution to 7 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 8kg of a 3wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mold, and standing overnight to obtain the mineral gel.
The buffer was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 3
A method for breeding black soldier fly larvae with waste meal is substantially the same as that of example 1, with the only difference that: the preparation method of the mineral gel is different.
The mineral gel is prepared by the following method:
s1, firstly adding 2kg of cotton fiber into 30kgN, N-dimethylacetamide, heating at 160 ℃ for 30min, then adding 20kg of 8.5wt% lithium chloride N, N-dimethylacetamide solution, stirring at 120 ℃ for 5h at the stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a flocculation-free solution, and then storing the flocculation-free solution at room temperature for 5d to obtain a cellulose solution;
s2, adding the cellulose solution prepared in the step S1 into 20kg of N, N-dimethylformamide, magnetically stirring for 30min at the magnetic stirring speed of 400rpm, and adding 20kg of water to obtain a uniform electrostatic spinning solution;
s3, injecting the electrostatic spinning solution prepared in the step S2 into a 15mL injector, adjusting the voltage of an electrostatic spinning machine to 18kv and the flow rate to 0.05mL/min, selecting water-stained transparent glass as a receiving plate, spinning for 4h, finally washing the fiber membrane for 3 times with water, and freeze-drying to obtain the electrospun fiber membrane;
and S4, adding 2kg of gelatin powder into 10kg of water, stirring for 30min at the stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adding 3kg of a 1wt% disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, stirring for reacting for 3h at the stirring speed of 100rpm, adjusting the pH of the solution to 7 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 8kg of a 3wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mold, adding the electrospun fiber membrane prepared in the step S3, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
The buffer was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 4
A method for breeding black soldier fly larvae with waste meal is substantially the same as that of example 1, with the only difference that: the preparation methods of the mineral gel are different.
The mineral gel is prepared by the following method:
s1, firstly adding 2kg of cotton fibers into 30kg of N, N-dimethylacetamide, heating at 160 ℃ for 30min, then adding 20kg of N, N-dimethylacetamide solution containing 8.5wt% of lithium chloride, stirring at 120 ℃ for 5h at the stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a flocculation-free solution, and then storing the flocculation-free solution at room temperature for 5d to obtain a cellulose solution;
s2, adding the cellulose solution prepared in the step S1 into 20kg of N, N-dimethylformamide, magnetically stirring for 30min at the magnetic stirring speed of 400rpm, and adding 20kg of water to obtain a uniform electrostatic spinning solution;
s3, injecting the electrostatic spinning solution prepared in the step S2 into a 15mL injector, adjusting the voltage of an electrostatic spinning machine to 18kv and the flow rate to 0.05mL/min, selecting water-stained transparent glass as a receiving plate, spinning for 4h, finally washing the fiber membrane for 3 times with water, and freeze-drying to obtain the electrospun fiber membrane;
and S4, adding 4kg of sodium alginate and 2kg of gelatin powder into 10kg of water, stirring for 30min at a stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adjusting the pH of the solution to 7 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 8kg of a 3wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mold, adding the electrospun fiber membrane prepared in the step S3, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
The buffer was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
A method for breeding black soldier fly larvae with waste meal is substantially the same as that of example 1, with the only difference that: the preparation method of the mineral gel is different.
The mineral gel is prepared by the following method:
adding 2kg of gelatin powder into 10kg of water, stirring for 30min at the stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adjusting the pH of the solution to 7 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 8kg of a 3wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mold, and standing overnight to obtain the mineral gel.
The buffer was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
A method for breeding black soldier fly larvae with waste meal is substantially the same as that of example 1, with the only difference that: according to the method for feeding the hermetia illucens larvae by using the food waste, no mineral gel is added.
Test example 1
Heisui river horsefly body growth detection method
Recording the weight of the black soldier fly larvae when the rest food garbage starts to culture the black soldier fly larvae and the weight of the black soldier fly after the culture is finished, and calculating the weight growth rate of the black soldier fly according to the following formula.
Wherein gamma is the weight gain rate of hermetia illucens,%;
m1 is the weight of the hermetia illucens larvae at the beginning of the culture, g;
m2 is the weight of the hermetia illucens after the culture is finished, and g;
each example and comparative example was tested 3 times to average the results. The test results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: test result of growth of hermetia illucens
As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, the weight gain rate of example 1 was the highest, probably because the cellulose electrospun membrane prepared according to the present invention has tight internal crosslinking with the hydrogel, and can improve the strength of the hydrogelAnd modulus. Adding disodium hydrogen phosphate into hydrogel solution, reacting with gelatin, and reacting with Ca 2+ After crosslinking, apatite is formed inside the hydrogel. The apatite is dispersed in the internal network structure of the hydrogel to form stress nodes, so that the tensile property of the hydrogel network is increased, the pH value of the mineral gel is reduced, and good biodegradability is endowed. The apatite grows in the gel, so that the biocompatibility is improved, the growth of the hermetia illucens cells can be effectively promoted, the guiding effect of the growth and differentiation of the cells is further enhanced, and the regeneration of the cells is facilitated. The degradation effect and the biotransformation effect of the food waste are directly enhanced, and the weight growth rate of the growth of the hermetia illucens is improved.
Test example 2
Insect yield test
The insect yield reflects the utilization degree of the black soldier fly to the nutrient components in the kitchen waste, and the calculation formula is as follows.
Wherein m2 is the weight g of the hermetia illucens after the culture is finished, and m1 is the weight g of the hermetia illucens larvae at the beginning of the culture; w1 represents the weight g of the initial kitchen waste, and W2 represents the weight g of the cultivated kitchen waste. Each sample was tested in triplicate and the average was taken and the results are shown in table 2.
Table 2: test results of insect yield
As can be seen from the test results in Table 2, the best results were obtained in the insect productivity test of example 1, probably because disodium hydrogen phosphate was added to the hydrogel solution to react with gelatin in the present invention. Then with Ca 2+ After crosslinking, within the hydrogelThereby producing apatite. The cross-section of the hydrogel exhibits a relatively regular cellular structure. The electrospun cellulose fibers are fully adhered in the hydrogel, a new layer of network structure is formed in the hydrogel, and the structure has good biocompatibility, so that the black soldier fly has better adhesion and growth capacity on the surface of the composite material. After the black soldier fly eats, only a small part of the black soldier fly is remained in the body of the black soldier fly, more black soldier fly is used for maintaining the basic metabolic activity of the larva and is decomposed and utilized by microorganisms, and under a network structure formed by mineral gel, because the metabolic activity of the black soldier fly is reduced, the energy obtained after eating is used for growth and development, so the insect yield is improved.
Test example 3
Survival rate testing
The survival rate can intuitively reflect the influence of environmental factors such as substrates and the like on the survival condition of the larvae, and the calculation formula is as follows.
In the formula, S1 is the total number of the survived hermetia illucens after the cultivation is finished; and S2, the total number of the hermetia illucens larvae when the meal waste begins to be cultivated. The test results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: survival rate test results
As can be seen from the test results shown in Table 3, the survival rate was the highest in example 1, probably due to the Ca contained in the network structure formed by the mineral gel prepared according to the present invention 2+ The pH value of the growing environment of the hermetia illucens can be adaptively adjusted, and the mineralized hydrogel has good degradation performance under dry and wet conditions. Cellulose electrostatic spinning membrane for black soldier flyThe black soldier fly larvae grow in the hydrogel matrix without obvious cytotoxicity, the network structure is favorable for improving the absorption of the black soldier fly larvae on nutrient substances in the food waste, the oxidation resistance and the immunocompetence are enhanced, and the improvement of the immunocompetence is favorable for improving the capacity of the black soldier fly to adapt to the external environment and improving the survival rate.
Claims (10)
1. A method for feeding hermetia illucens larvae by using food waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, uniformly stirring the culture solution, adding hermetia illucens eggs, incubating at 25-30 ℃ for 4-6 days, and separating hermetia illucens larvae to obtain hermetia illucens larvae;
step 2, chopping the food waste into particles with the particle size of less than 1-5 mm, adding water, adjusting the pH value to 7-9 by using a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and hydrochloric acid, purifying by using nitrogen, removing oxygen, sealing, placing in a shaking box, heating and stirring to obtain a food waste mixed material;
step 3, putting the mixed material of the leftover garbage prepared in the step 2 and mineral gel into a feeding box, adding water into the feeding box, uniformly stirring, and then adding the black soldier fly larvae cultured in the step 1; and finally, covering the feeding box with sterile gauze, and culturing in an incubator at 25-30 ℃ until the first hermetia illucens larva becomes hermetia illucens prepupa, and stopping culturing to obtain hermetia illucens.
2. The method for breeding black soldier fly larvae with waste from meals according to claim 1, wherein the steps are as follows, the parts are all by weight:
step 1, stirring 15-20 parts of culture solution uniformly, adding 0.0005-0.002 part of hermetia illucens eggs, incubating at 25-30 ℃ for 4-6 days, and separating hermetia illucens larvae to obtain hermetia illucens larvae;
step 2, cutting 2-5 parts of the waste after meal into particles with the particle size smaller than 1-5 mm, then adding 5-10 parts of water, adjusting the pH value to 7-9 by using 1-3 mmol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 1-3 mmol/L hydrochloric acid, purifying for 4-10 min by using nitrogen, removing oxygen, sealing, placing in a shaking box, heating and stirring at the heating temperature of 35-40 ℃, the stirring speed of 100-200 rpm and the stirring time of 1-3 h to obtain a waste after meal mixed material;
step 3, putting the mixed material of the food wastes prepared in the step 2 and 3-8 parts of mineral gel into a feeding box, adding 8-20 parts of water into the feeding box, uniformly stirring, and then adding the black soldier fly larvae cultured in the step 1; and finally, covering the feeding box with sterile gauze, and culturing in an incubator at 25-30 ℃ until the first hermetia illucens larva becomes hermetia illucens prepupa, and stopping culturing to obtain hermetia illucens.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the culture solution is wheat bran, bean dregs and water according to a weight ratio of 1.5-1.5: 5 to 10 are mixed.
4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the volume of the feeding boxes is 46-80L, and 60-150 black soldier fly larvae are placed in each feeding box.
5. The method for rearing black soldier fly larvae with waste from meals according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said mineral gel is prepared by:
s1, adding fibers into N, N-dimethylacetamide, heating at 150-170 ℃ for 20-40 min, adding 6-10 wt% of lithium chloride in N, N-dimethylacetamide, stirring at 100-130 ℃ for 3-6 h at a stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a flocculation-free solution, and storing the flocculation-free solution at room temperature for 4-6 d to obtain a cellulose solution;
s2, adding the cellulose solution prepared in the step S1 into N, N-dimethylformamide, magnetically stirring for 20-40 min at the magnetic stirring speed of 300-500 rpm, and adding water to obtain a uniform electrostatic spinning solution;
s3, injecting the electrostatic spinning solution prepared in the step S2 into a 15-20 mL injector, performing electrostatic spinning, selecting water-stained transparent glass as a receiving plate, spinning for 2-5 h, washing the fiber membrane for 2-3 times by using water, and performing freeze drying to obtain an electrospun fiber membrane;
s4, adding sodium alginate and gelatin powder into water, stirring for 20-40 min at the stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adding 0.5-2 wt% of disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, stirring for reacting for 2-5 h at the stirring speed of 50-200 rpm, adjusting the pH of the solution to 7-8 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 1-5 wt% of calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mold, adding the electrospun fiber membrane prepared in the step S3, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
6. The method for rearing black soldier fly larvae with waste from meals according to claim 5, wherein the mineral gel is prepared by the following steps:
s1, adding 1-3 parts of cotton fiber into 20-40 parts of N, N-dimethylacetamide, heating at 150-170 ℃ for 20-40 min, adding 15-30 parts of 6-10 wt% lithium chloride N, N-dimethylacetamide solution, stirring at 100-130 ℃ for 3-6 h at the stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a flocculation-free solution, and storing the flocculation-free solution at room temperature for 4-6 d to obtain a cellulose solution;
s2, adding 15-30 parts of N, N-dimethylformamide into the cellulose solution prepared in the step S1, magnetically stirring for 20-40 min at the magnetic stirring speed of 300-500 rpm, and adding 15-30 parts of water to obtain a uniform electrostatic spinning solution;
s3, injecting the electrostatic spinning solution prepared in the step S2 into a 15-20 mL injector, performing electrostatic spinning, selecting water-treated transparent glass as a receiving plate, spinning for 2-5 h, washing the fiber membrane for 2-3 times by using water, and performing freeze drying to obtain an electrospun fiber membrane;
s4, adding 3-5 parts of sodium alginate and 1-3 parts of gelatin powder into 8-12 parts of water, stirring for 20-40 min at the stirring speed of 100-300 rpm to obtain a mixed solution, adding 1-5 parts of 0.5-2 wt% of disodium hydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, stirring for reacting for 2-5 h at the stirring speed of 50-200 rpm, adjusting the pH of the solution to 7-8 by using a buffer solution, defoaming to obtain a defoaming solution, pouring the defoaming solution and 5-10 parts of 1-5 wt% of calcium chloride aqueous solution into a mold, adding the electrospun fiber membrane prepared in the step S3, and standing overnight to obtain mineral gel.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the electrostatic spinning parameters are that the voltage of the electrostatic spinning machine is 15-20 kv, and the flow rate is 0.02-0.1 mL/min.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the buffer solution is prepared by dissolving 50-70 parts by weight of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane with 350-500 parts by weight of water, adjusting the pH to 7-8 with 33-37 wt% hydrochloric acid or 2-6 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and finally adding water to the total weight of 900-1200 parts.
9. The application of the hermetia illucens larvae bred by using the food waste is characterized in that: the method is applied to the treatment of food waste.
10. The application of the hermetia illucens larvae bred by using the food waste is characterized in that: the method is applied to the production of the black soldier fly protein feed.
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